Article(id=1325532396661261219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, issueId=1325531848021140417, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025321, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1747584000000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-19, revisedDate=1755446400000, revisedDateStr=2025-08-18, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793961150564, onlineDateStr=2026-11-06, pubDate=1764000000000, pubDateStr=2025-11-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793961150564, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793961150564, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793961150564, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1325531848021140417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, year='2025', volume='46', issue='11', pageStart='1521', pageEnd='1672', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1764000000000', pubDateStr='2025-11-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793961019759, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793961019759, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1594, endPage=1598, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1325532403439256484, articleId=1325532396661261219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=EN, title=Association of outdoor activities and different types of sedentary behaviors with internalizing behaviors among primary and secondary school students, columnId=1259565855189418448, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of School Health, columnName=Mental Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the individual and joint effects of outdoor activities and different types of sedentary behavior on adolescent internalizing behaviors, so as to provide a basis for the prevention and intervention of such behaviors.

Methods

From July to December 2023, a stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 1 691 primary and secondary school students in grades 5-12 from four primary and secondary schools in Baise City. Anonymous surveys were conducted by using the Outdoor Activities Questionnaire, Adolescent Sedentary Activity Questionnaire, and Youth Self-Report. The Chi-square test and Logistic regression analyses were used for statistical analysis.

Results

The detection rate of internalizing behavior among adolescents was 13.13%, and the detection rate of internalizing behaviors in girls (15.53%) was significantly higher than that in boys (10.77%) (χ2=8.39, P < 0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that outdoor activities ≥1 h/d (OR=0.56), screen-based entertainment sedentary behavior < 2 h/d (OR=0.58), and cultural sedentary behavior < 2 h/d (OR=0.55) significantly reduced the risk of internalizing behaviors (all P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis of interaction effects revealed that the risks of internalizing behaviors were lower in the groups with "outdoor activities ≥1 h/d + screen-based entertainment sedentary behavior < 2 h/d" (OR=0.27) and "outdoor activities ≥1 h/d + cultural sedentary behavior < 2 h/d" (OR=0.30)(both P < 0.01).

Conclusions

Outdoor activities can mitigate the adverse effects of sedentary behaviors on adolescents' internalizing behaviors. Reducing screen time and leveraging the synergistic effects of "outdoor + cultural" activities may help reduce the risk of internalizing behaviors among primary and secondary school students.

, authors=Junxiang HUANG, Linlin HUANG, Rui GUO*, authorsList=Junxiang HUANG, Linlin HUANG, Rui GUO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Rui GUO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Chinese Journal of School Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1325532410632487846, articleId=1325532396661261219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=CN, title=户外活动和不同类型久坐行为与中小学生内化行为相关性, columnId=1259565858817491410, journalTitle=中国学校卫生, columnName=心理卫生, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探讨户外活动和不同类型久坐行为对中小学生内化行为的单独和联合影响,为中小学生内化行为的预防和干预提供依据。

方法

于2023年7—12月,采用分层整群随机抽样方法在广西壮族自治区百色市区抽取4所中小学1 691名五至十二年级学生为研究对象,使用户外活动问卷、儿童青少年久坐行为问卷、青少年自评量表进行匿名施测。采用χ2检验和Logistic回归进行统计学分析。

结果

中小学生内化行为检出率为13.13%,女生检出率(15.53%)高于男生(10.77%)(χ2=8.39,P < 0.01)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,每天户外活动时长≥1 h(OR=0.56)、每天视屏娱乐久坐<2 h(OR=0.58)和每天文化类久坐<2 h(OR=0.55)可降低青少年内化行为风险(P值均<0.05)。交互作用的Logistic回归分析显示,每天户外活动时长≥1 h+视屏娱乐类久坐<2 h组(OR=0.27)及每天户外活动时长≥1 h+文化类久坐<2 h组(OR=0.30)青少年的内化行为风险较低(P值均 < 0.01)。

结论

户外活动可以缓解久坐行为对青少年内化行为的不良影响,可以通过限制视频时间、利用“户外+文化”活动的协同效益,降低青少年内化行为风险。

, authors=黄君香, 黄琳琳, 郭蕊*, authorsList=黄君香, 黄琳琳, 郭蕊, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=郭蕊, authorNote=

黄君香(1999-),女,广西百色人,在读硕士,主要研究方向为青少年心理健康

, correspAuthorsNote=
郭蕊,E-mail:
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J Atten Disord, 2009, 12(5): 402-409., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1325532442383369162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325532396661261219, awardId=null, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(81260431,81560531);广西自然科学基金项目(2020JJA140171), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1325532413543334824, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325532396661261219, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325532413555917737, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325532396661261219, companyId=1325532413543334824, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Public Health, Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325532413564306346, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325532396661261219, companyId=1325532413543334824, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=右江民族医学院公共卫生学院, 广西 百色 533000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1325532435743785924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325532396661261219, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Comparison of detection rates of internalizing behaviors among primary and secondary school students in different groups

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别选项人数检出人数χ2值P值
性别男85492(10.77)8.39< 0.01
女837130(15.53)
年龄/岁< 1245970(15.25)2.560.28
12~1569287(12.57)
>1554065(12.04)
民族汉族65897(14.74)3.810.15
壮族939110(11.71)
其他9415(15.96)
父亲受教育水平初中及以下78188(12.27)1.350.51
中专/高中42362(14.66)
大专及以上48772(14.78)
母亲受教育水平初中及以下77596(12.39)1.950.38
中专/高中40550(12.35)
大专及以上51176(14.87)
家庭类型核心64075(11.72)2.690.26
扩大885120(13.56)
单亲/重组16627(16.27)
每天户外活动时长/h< 11 158173(14.94)10.57< 0.01
≥153349(9.19)
每天教育类久坐行为/h< 250060(12.00)0.790.37
≥21 191162(13.60)
每天视屏娱乐类久坐行为/h< 296098(10.21)16.60< 0.01
≥2731124(16.96)
每天社交类久坐行为/h< 21 397176(12.60)1.980.16
≥229446(15.65)
每天文化类久坐行为/h< 21 577197(12.49)8.30< 0.01
≥211425(21.93)
), ArticleFig(id=1325532436523926469, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325532396661261219, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同组别中小学生内化行为检出率比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别选项人数检出人数χ2值P值
性别男85492(10.77)8.39< 0.01
女837130(15.53)
年龄/岁< 1245970(15.25)2.560.28
12~1569287(12.57)
>1554065(12.04)
民族汉族65897(14.74)3.810.15
壮族939110(11.71)
其他9415(15.96)
父亲受教育水平初中及以下78188(12.27)1.350.51
中专/高中42362(14.66)
大专及以上48772(14.78)
母亲受教育水平初中及以下77596(12.39)1.950.38
中专/高中40550(12.35)
大专及以上51176(14.87)
家庭类型核心64075(11.72)2.690.26
扩大885120(13.56)
单亲/重组16627(16.27)
每天户外活动时长/h< 11 158173(14.94)10.57< 0.01
≥153349(9.19)
每天教育类久坐行为/h< 250060(12.00)0.790.37
≥21 191162(13.60)
每天视屏娱乐类久坐行为/h< 296098(10.21)16.60< 0.01
≥2731124(16.96)
每天社交类久坐行为/h< 21 397176(12.60)1.980.16
≥229446(15.65)
每天文化类久坐行为/h< 21 577197(12.49)8.30< 0.01
≥211425(21.93)
), ArticleFig(id=1325532437014660038, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325532396661261219, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Logistic regression analysis of outdoor activities, sedentary behaviors and internalizing behaviors among primary and secondary school students(n=1 691)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
自变量选项模型1模型2
β值OR值(95%CI)β值OR值(95%CI)
每天户外活动时长/h< 11.001.00
≥1-0.580.56(0.40~0.78)**-0.570.57(0.40~0.80)**
每天教育类久坐行为/h≥21.001.00
< 2-0.050.96(0.69~1.33)-0.050.95(0.68~1.33)
每天视屏娱乐类久坐行为/h≥21.001.00
< 2-0.550.58(0.43~0.78)**-0.560.57(0.42~0.77)**
每天社交类久坐行为/h≥21.001.00
< 2-0.050.95(0.65~1.38)-0.090.91(0.63~1.33)
每天文化类久坐行为/h≥21.001.00
< 2-0.600.55(0.34~0.90)*-0.450.64(0.39~1.05)
), ArticleFig(id=1325532437824160711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325532396661261219, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

户外活动、久坐行为与中小学生内化行为的Logistic回归分析(n=1 691)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
自变量选项模型1模型2
β值OR值(95%CI)β值OR值(95%CI)
每天户外活动时长/h< 11.001.00
≥1-0.580.56(0.40~0.78)**-0.570.57(0.40~0.80)**
每天教育类久坐行为/h≥21.001.00
< 2-0.050.96(0.69~1.33)-0.050.95(0.68~1.33)
每天视屏娱乐类久坐行为/h≥21.001.00
< 2-0.550.58(0.43~0.78)**-0.560.57(0.42~0.77)**
每天社交类久坐行为/h≥21.001.00
< 2-0.050.95(0.65~1.38)-0.090.91(0.63~1.33)
每天文化类久坐行为/h≥21.001.00
< 2-0.600.55(0.34~0.90)*-0.450.64(0.39~1.05)
), ArticleFig(id=1325532439082451912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325532396661261219, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Logistic regression analysis on the interaction between outdoor activities and sedentary types with internalizing behaviors among primary and secondary school students(n=1 691)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
自变量模型1模型2
β值OR值(95%CI)β值OR值(95%CI)
户外活动与视屏娱乐类久坐交互作用
  每天户外活动时长 < 1 h+视屏娱乐类≥2 h1.001.00
  每天户外活动时长 < 1 h+视屏娱乐类 < 2 h-0.510.60(0.43~0.83)**-0.530.59(0.42~0.81)**
  每天户外活动时长≥1 h+视屏娱乐类≥2 h-0.410.66(0.43~1.03)-0.410.65(0.42~1.03)
  每天户外活动时长≥1 h+视屏娱乐类 < 2 h-1.280.28(0.16~0.47)**-1.280.27(0.16~0.48)**
户外活动与文化类久坐交互作用
  每天户外活动时长 < 1 h+文化类≥2 h1.001.00
  每天户外活动时长 < 1 h+文化类 < 2 h-0.870.43(0.25~0.76)**-0.710.49(0.28~0.87)*
  每天户外活动时长≥1 h+文化类≥2 h-0.130.88(0.09~8.96)0.011.00(0.09~10.85)
  每天户外活动时长≥1 h+文化类 < 2 h-1.340.26(0.14~0.48)**-1.200.30(0.16~0.56)**
), ArticleFig(id=1325532440785339337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325532396661261219, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

户外活动、久坐类型交互作用与中小学生内化行为的Logistic回归分析(n=1 691)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
自变量模型1模型2
β值OR值(95%CI)β值OR值(95%CI)
户外活动与视屏娱乐类久坐交互作用
  每天户外活动时长 < 1 h+视屏娱乐类≥2 h1.001.00
  每天户外活动时长 < 1 h+视屏娱乐类 < 2 h-0.510.60(0.43~0.83)**-0.530.59(0.42~0.81)**
  每天户外活动时长≥1 h+视屏娱乐类≥2 h-0.410.66(0.43~1.03)-0.410.65(0.42~1.03)
  每天户外活动时长≥1 h+视屏娱乐类 < 2 h-1.280.28(0.16~0.47)**-1.280.27(0.16~0.48)**
户外活动与文化类久坐交互作用
  每天户外活动时长 < 1 h+文化类≥2 h1.001.00
  每天户外活动时长 < 1 h+文化类 < 2 h-0.870.43(0.25~0.76)**-0.710.49(0.28~0.87)*
  每天户外活动时长≥1 h+文化类≥2 h-0.130.88(0.09~8.96)0.011.00(0.09~10.85)
  每天户外活动时长≥1 h+文化类 < 2 h-1.340.26(0.14~0.48)**-1.200.30(0.16~0.56)**
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户外活动和不同类型久坐行为与中小学生内化行为相关性
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黄君香 , 黄琳琳 , 郭蕊 *
中国学校卫生 | 心理卫生 2025,46(11): 1594-1598
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中国学校卫生 |心理卫生 2025 , 46 (11) : 1594 -1598
户外活动和不同类型久坐行为与中小学生内化行为相关性
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黄君香(1999-),女,广西百色人,在读硕士,主要研究方向为青少年心理健康

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黄君香, 黄琳琳, 郭蕊*
作者信息
  • 右江民族医学院公共卫生学院, 广西 百色 533000
通讯作者:
郭蕊,E-mail:
作者简介:

黄君香(1999-),女,广西百色人,在读硕士,主要研究方向为青少年心理健康

Association of outdoor activities and different types of sedentary behaviors with internalizing behaviors among primary and secondary school students
Junxiang HUANG, Linlin HUANG, Rui GUO*
Affiliations
  • School of Public Health, Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
出版时间: 2025-11-25 doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025321
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目的

探讨户外活动和不同类型久坐行为对中小学生内化行为的单独和联合影响,为中小学生内化行为的预防和干预提供依据。

方法

于2023年7—12月,采用分层整群随机抽样方法在广西壮族自治区百色市区抽取4所中小学1 691名五至十二年级学生为研究对象,使用户外活动问卷、儿童青少年久坐行为问卷、青少年自评量表进行匿名施测。采用χ2检验和Logistic回归进行统计学分析。

结果

中小学生内化行为检出率为13.13%,女生检出率(15.53%)高于男生(10.77%)(χ2=8.39,P < 0.01)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,每天户外活动时长≥1 h(OR=0.56)、每天视屏娱乐久坐<2 h(OR=0.58)和每天文化类久坐<2 h(OR=0.55)可降低青少年内化行为风险(P值均<0.05)。交互作用的Logistic回归分析显示,每天户外活动时长≥1 h+视屏娱乐类久坐<2 h组(OR=0.27)及每天户外活动时长≥1 h+文化类久坐<2 h组(OR=0.30)青少年的内化行为风险较低(P值均 < 0.01)。

结论

户外活动可以缓解久坐行为对青少年内化行为的不良影响,可以通过限制视频时间、利用“户外+文化”活动的协同效益,降低青少年内化行为风险。

运动活动  /  久坐生活方式  /  精神卫生  /  回归分析  /  青少年
Objective

To explore the individual and joint effects of outdoor activities and different types of sedentary behavior on adolescent internalizing behaviors, so as to provide a basis for the prevention and intervention of such behaviors.

Methods

From July to December 2023, a stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 1 691 primary and secondary school students in grades 5-12 from four primary and secondary schools in Baise City. Anonymous surveys were conducted by using the Outdoor Activities Questionnaire, Adolescent Sedentary Activity Questionnaire, and Youth Self-Report. The Chi-square test and Logistic regression analyses were used for statistical analysis.

Results

The detection rate of internalizing behavior among adolescents was 13.13%, and the detection rate of internalizing behaviors in girls (15.53%) was significantly higher than that in boys (10.77%) (χ2=8.39, P < 0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that outdoor activities ≥1 h/d (OR=0.56), screen-based entertainment sedentary behavior < 2 h/d (OR=0.58), and cultural sedentary behavior < 2 h/d (OR=0.55) significantly reduced the risk of internalizing behaviors (all P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis of interaction effects revealed that the risks of internalizing behaviors were lower in the groups with "outdoor activities ≥1 h/d + screen-based entertainment sedentary behavior < 2 h/d" (OR=0.27) and "outdoor activities ≥1 h/d + cultural sedentary behavior < 2 h/d" (OR=0.30)(both P < 0.01).

Conclusions

Outdoor activities can mitigate the adverse effects of sedentary behaviors on adolescents' internalizing behaviors. Reducing screen time and leveraging the synergistic effects of "outdoor + cultural" activities may help reduce the risk of internalizing behaviors among primary and secondary school students.

Motor activity  /  Sedentary lifestyle  /  Mental health  /  Regression analysis  /  Adolescent
黄君香, 黄琳琳, 郭蕊. 户外活动和不同类型久坐行为与中小学生内化行为相关性. 中国学校卫生, 2025 , 46 (11) : 1594 -1598 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025321
Junxiang HUANG, Linlin HUANG, Rui GUO. Association of outdoor activities and different types of sedentary behaviors with internalizing behaviors among primary and secondary school students[J]. Chinese Journal of School Health, 2025 , 46 (11) : 1594 -1598 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025321
内化行为是青少年心理社会适应异常的典型表现,主要表现为焦虑、抑郁等情绪失调[1]。全球10%~20%的青少年面临各种程度的心理和行为问题[2-3]。国内青少年抑郁筛查阳性率达14.8%,呈现低龄化趋势[4]。研究显示,超过40%的青少年户外活动时长日均不足1 h,远低于《中国儿童青少年身体活动指南》(以下简称《指南》)推荐的最低标准[5],且青少年日均久坐时间高达5.2 h(不包括每天校内固定上课时间)[6]。户外活动通过社会互动与体力消耗机制,有效改善情绪调节[7],尤其是自然环境中的户外活动可能促进青少年非定向注意力的形成,有助于其中断负面情绪的循环加工过程[8]。
基于行为目的划分的久坐类型可分为4类[9]:与学业相关的教育类久坐(不包括每天校内固定上课时间),以娱乐为目的的视屏久坐,以人际互动为目的的社交久坐,以文化传承、艺术修养为主的文化久坐。研究显示,每天手机使用≥2 h者发生内化行为的风险是<2 h者的2.4倍[10],而适度文化类久坐行为(如阅读1~2 h/d)与青少年词汇量、阅读理解得分呈正相关[11],提示久坐所产生的认知效应可能因类型而不同。本研究通过探讨户外活动与不同类型久坐行为对青少年内化行为的独立及联合影响,为制定“户外活动促进+久坐时间管理”的联合干预策略提供依据。
于2023年7—12月,采用分层整群随机抽样方法,先采用随机数字表法抽取广西百色市区4所学校(小学1所、初中2所、高中1所)五至十二年级学生,每个年级采用抽签法抽取5~7个班级,被抽取班级全体学生参与监测,确保每个年级至少225人,共发放问卷1 800份,综合纳入标准(无智力障碍和视听读写障碍者)与排除标准(无法理解量表内容、问卷填写出现逻辑错误者)并剔除缺失和无效问卷后,最终回收有效问卷1 691份,有效回收率为93.94%。其中女生837名(49.50%),男生854名(50.50%); 汉族学生658名(38.91%),壮族939名(55.53%),其他少数民族94名(5.56%)。平均年龄为(13.92±2.39)岁。本研究已获得青少年及家长的知情同意,并经过右江民族医学院伦理委员会审查(批号:2018030501)。
自制问卷调查学生性别(男=0,女=1);年龄(< 12岁=1,12~15岁=2,>15岁=3);民族(汉族=1,壮族=2,其他少数民族=3);父母受教育水平(初中及以下=1,中专/高中=2,大专及以上=3);家庭类型(核心家庭=1,扩大家庭=2,单亲家庭/重组家庭=3)。
参考《指南》[5]的最低标准,自行设计青少年户外活动时长调查问卷。问卷包含3个条目:每周体育课的次数和时间,每周专项体育训练/活动的次数和时间,课间户外活动的次数和时间; 3项合并计算生成户外活动时间。参考《指南》中的最低标准,以累计每天户外活动时长≥1 h为达标。该问卷的Cronbach α系数为0.76。
采用Hardy等[9]开发的儿童久坐行为调查问卷(Adolescent Sedentary Activity Questionnaire, ASAQ),结合中国青少年久坐行为特点自制青少年久坐行为调查问卷。问卷包括10个条目,将久坐行为区分为4类别,(1)教育类:电子阅读、做作业、上网课; (2)视屏娱乐类:看电视、玩游戏、短视频; (3)社交类:社交媒体、线下聊天; (4)文化类:绘画、手工制作。每项条目选项为0 h/d、 < 0.5 h/d(计0.25 h/d)、0.5~ < 1 h/d(计0.75 h/d)、1~ < 2 h/d(计1.5 h/d)、2~ < 3 h/d(计2.5 h/d)、≥3 h/d(计3.5 h/d),分别计算各条目久坐时长,合并计算各类别久坐行为时间,参考《WHO关于身体活动和久坐行为的指南》[12],儿童青少年(5~17岁)每日娱乐性屏幕时间不得超过2 h为达标判定标准。该问卷的Cronbach α系数为0.79。
采用Achenbach等[13-14]修订的青少年自评量表(Youth Self-Report, YSR)-2001评估青少年内化问题。量表包含焦虑/抑郁、退缩行为、躯体主诉、社交问题、思维问题、注意问题、违纪行为、攻击行为8个维度。内化行为由焦虑/抑郁、退缩行为、躯体主诉3个因子(30个条目)构成,本研究选取内化行为指标进行测量。采用3级评分:无此现象或表现=0、轻度或某些时候有此现象或表现=1、明显或经常出现此现象或表现=2。得分越高表明个体的内化行为问题越严重。参照临床划界标准,将原始分转换为T分数,T=50+10×(原始分-组均值)/组标准差,以T≥63判定青少年存在内化行为问题[13-14]。本研究中文版YSR内化问题维度的Cronbach α系数为0.81。
正式开展调查前,所有调查人员均接受统一的培训,规范调查方法,统一指导用语。实际调查过程中,以班级为单位组织学生参与,要求每名学生间保持一定距离并独立匿名完成问卷填写。问卷完成后,由专门负责的调查员收集并检查其完整性,不完整的问卷现场进行补填。此外,设有协调人员全程监督现场情况,跟踪现场的指导及协调现场工作。
运用EpiData 3.0软件构建数据库,SPSS 24.0软件进行统计分析。计数资料采用频数和率描述,采用χ2检验比较人口统计学变量间中小学生内化行为检出率,建立Logistic回归模型分析户外活动和不同类型久坐行为对中小学生内化行为的影响。检验水准α=0.05。
中小学生内化行为的检出率为13.13%,每天户外活动时长达标率为31.52%(533名),4种类型每天久坐行为(教育类、视屏娱乐类、社交类、文化类)的达标率分别为29.57%,56.77%,82.61%,93.26%。女生内化行为检出率高于男生(P < 0.01);每天户外活动时长≥1 h的青少年内化行为检出率较低; 每天视屏娱乐类久坐≥2 h、文化类久坐≥2 h中小学生的内化行为检出率较高(P值均 < 0.01)。见表1。
将中小学生内化行为作为因变量(0=无,1=有),将每天户外活动时长(< 1 h=0,≥1 h=1)、4种久坐行为(≥2 h=0, < 2 h=1)作为自变量,建立二元Logistic回归模型(模型1),模型2除模型1中的自变量外,同时将性别、年龄、民族、父/母受教育水平、家庭类型等潜在混杂因素纳入回归模型。结果显示,模型1中,每天户外活动时长≥1 h(OR=0.56)、视屏娱乐久坐 < 2 h(OR=0.58)和文化类久坐 < 2 h(OR=0.55)与内化行为呈负性关联(P值均 < 0.01);模型2中,每天户外活动时长≥1 h(OR=0.57)和视屏娱乐久坐 < 2 h(OR=0.57)与中小学生内化行为关联仍有统计学意义(P值均 < 0.01)。见表2。
将户外活动和视屏娱乐类久坐、文化类久坐的交互效应和内化行为进行Logistic回归分析,分别设置每天户外活动时长 < 1 h+视屏娱乐类久坐≥2 h、每天户外活动时长 < 1 h+文化类久坐≥2 h为参照组,见表3。
结果显示,模型1中,相比参照组,每天户外活动时长≥1 h+视屏娱乐类久坐 < 2 h组(OR=0.28)、每天户外活动时长≥1 h+文化类久坐 < 2 h组(OR=0.26)内化行为风险较低(P值均 < 0.01),在所有组合中为最大保护效应; 在调整潜在混杂因素后,每天户外活动时长≥1 h+视屏娱乐类久坐 < 2 h组(OR=0.27)、每天户外活动时长≥1 h+文化类久坐 < 2 h组(OR=0.30)内化行为风险仍然较低(P值均 < 0.01)。
本研究中小学生内化行为检出率为13.13%,与国内近期研究结果[1]基本一致。女生的内化行为检出率较高,与既往研究[15]结论一致。女性更倾向于采用反刍思维应对负面情绪,进而延长抑郁状态的持续时间[16]。值得注意的是,尽管年龄、民族、父母受教育水平及家庭类型对中小学生内化行为检出率差异无统计学意义,但仍将其纳入模型以控制潜在混杂。提示这些因素可能通过中介路径(如资源获取)间接影响结果,且调整后核心变量(户外/久坐)的OR值稳定性提高(变化 < 8%)。Logistic回归分析发现,每天户外活动时长≥1 h可降低中小学生内化行为风险,分析认为户外活动可能通过与自然接触而缓解心理压力,进而减少中小学生内化行为发生[17]; 每天视屏娱乐类久坐≥2 h、文化类久坐≥2 h可升高中小学生内化行为风险。视频娱乐通过高频刺激多巴胺释放,导致大脑奖赏系统对自然奖励的敏感度降低,引发快感缺失[18]; 而文化类活动可能减少同伴互动,剥夺社会支持资源[19],且若文化活动是由父母强制安排(非自主动机),可能引发中小学生逆反心理或低自我效能感,导致情绪问题[20]。不同教育类久坐与社交类久坐时间中,内化行为风险组间差异均无统计学意义。分析认为教育类久坐有双刃剑效应:适度学业压力(如日均1~2 h作业)与中小学生心理健康呈正相关,但过量(>3 h/d)则有逆转效应[21]; 社交也分积极性社交(如朋友谈心、家庭聚会)和消极性社交(如攀比性聚会、冲突性互动),积极社交可缓冲中小学生的心理压力,抵消其久坐的负面影响,但消极社交会加剧中小学生的焦虑感[22]。
交互作用的Logistic回归分析显示,每天户外活动时长≥1 h+视屏娱乐类久坐 < 2 h组内化行为风险降低73%,为所有组合中最大保护效应。分析认为高视屏娱乐久坐可能直接挤占中小学生户外活动的时间,进而导致运动不足,且短视频、游戏等电子娱乐的高频刺激可能会削弱户外活动所带来的注意力恢复效果[23]; 而户外活动通常与中小学生的自主动机相关,能满足自主性和胜任感需求[24],故当视屏娱乐类久坐挤压中小学生户外活动时间时,其心理需求受挫,进而加剧内化行为。研究还发现,每天户外活动时长≥1 h+文化类久坐 < 2 h组内化行为风险最低,但户外活动时长≥1 h+文化类久坐≥2 h组内化行为风险无统计学意义。分析认为文化类活动消耗中小学生的定向注意力,而通过户外活动接触自然环境可以提供多感官刺激(阳光、草木气味、自然声景),促进注意力系统恢复[25],二者协同降低风险至非显著水平。
鉴于本文研究发现,中小学生内化行为的干预策略需结合个体行为模式、家庭和学校等环境特征,制定针对性的分层策略。首先,在家父母应限制中小学生每天电子设备的使用时间在2 h以内,在学校应避免课堂电子设备的过度使用,可将文化课程(如音乐、艺术)安排在户外环境中进行,以针对性减少中小学生视屏久坐行为。鼓励中小学生文化学习与户外活动相结合,避免连续>2 h室内久坐,以最大化户外活动对中小学生心理健康的益处。
本研究存在一定的局限性:首先,研究采用横断面设计,尽管发现户外活动与内化行为的负相关,但无法确定其因果关系,未来可通过纵向追踪或者实验干预来验证时序关系; 研究的户外活动和久坐行为依赖自我报告,可能受社会期望偏差影响,未来研究可结合客观测量更好地估计中小学生户外活动和久坐时长; 此外,研究虽验证了户外活动与视屏娱乐类久坐的交互作用,但未检验潜在的中介路径(如睡眠质量、自尊水平等),限制了对作用机制的理解。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(81260431,81560531);广西自然科学基金项目(2020JJA140171)
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2025年第46卷第11期
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doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025321
  • 接收时间:2025-05-19
  • 首发时间:2026-11-06
  • 出版时间:2025-11-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-19
  • 修回日期:2025-08-18
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(81260431,81560531);广西自然科学基金项目(2020JJA140171)
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    右江民族医学院公共卫生学院, 广西 百色 533000

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郭蕊,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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