Article(id=1325532286678221652, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, issueId=1325531848021140417, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025339, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1748534400000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-30, revisedDate=1756051200000, revisedDateStr=2025-08-25, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793961124342, onlineDateStr=2026-11-06, pubDate=1764000000000, pubDateStr=2025-11-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793961124342, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793961124342, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793961124342, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1325531848021140417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, year='2025', volume='46', issue='11', pageStart='1521', pageEnd='1672', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1764000000000', pubDateStr='2025-11-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793961019759, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793961019759, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1569, endPage=1573, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1325532292671882070, articleId=1325532286678221652, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=EN, title=Evaluation of the weight loss effect of a comprehensive intervention among overweight and obese female college students, columnId=1259565859148804482, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of School Health, columnName=Health Education and Promotion, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the weight loss effect of a comprehensive intervention model combining caloric restriction (CR), physical activity (PA), behavioral therapy (BT), breathing exercise (BE), and functional movement corrective training (FMCT)-referred to as the"CPBBF "model in overweight and obese female college students, so as to provide a reference for scientific weight loss interventions for college students.

Methods

From March to May 2022, 46 overweight and obese female college students from Chongqing Water Resources and Electric Engineering College were recruited and randomly divided into an experimental group (24 participants) and a control group (22 participants).The control group received CR (prohibiting ad libitum snacking), PA in the first week, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) for 30 s, and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) for 1-5 min alternate 4 sets, duration 15-20 min.From the second week, adjust to HIIT and MICT alternating 3 min each for 5 sets, totaling 30 min, 4 times/week, 70 min/time and BT (60-90 min/session, 3 times/week).The experimental group incorporated FMCT (10-15 min of focused training per session, integrated with PA and daily life) and BE (advocating a gradual transition to proper breathing methods in daily life and low-intensity training, 5 sessions/day, 10 min each).Body oxygen level test (BOLT), Functional Movement Screen (FMS), sports exercise attitude, and body composition indicators were measured at baseline (T0), after 12 weeks of intervention (T1), and after one year of follow-up (T2).The differences were analyzed between groups through generalized estimation equations, and mixed effect model analysis was employed to explore predictive relationships among variables.

Results

The results of the generalized estimation equation showed that time main effects of BOLT values, FMS scores, and exercise attitude among female college students were statistically significant (Wald χ2=18.75, 14.89, 12.45, all P < 0.01);further intragroup comparisons revealed that BOLT, functional motor screening (FMS) scores, and physical exercise attitudeof female college students in the experimental group increased compared to T0, while the control group only showed an increase at T1(all P < 0.05).The group main effects for the aforementioned three indicators were statistically significant (Wald χ2=6.33, 5.21, 4.88), and the time-by-group interactions of BOLT values and FMS scores were also statistically significant (Wald χ2=4.56, 3.97)(all P < 0.05).The time main effects of body weight, body mass index (BMI), and body fat ratio (BFR) in female college students were statistically significant (Wald χ2=44.27, 13.90, 82.33);further intragroup comparisons revealed that the experimental group of female college students showed a decrease in body weight, BMI and BFR at T1 and T2 compared to T0, while the control group only showed a decrease in these indicators at T1(all P < 0.05).The group main effects of weight and BFR were statistically significant (Wald χ2=4.11, 6.46), and the time-by-group interaction of BFR was statistically significant (Wald χ2=8.73)(all P < 0.05).The results of mixed effect model analysis showed that BOLT (β=1.52) and FMS (β=1.81) could both positively predict physical exercise attitude, and physical exercise attitude had statistically significant negative predictive effects on weight, BMI, and BFR (β=-0.08, -0.03, -0.03)(all P < 0.01).

Conclusion

The" CPBBF"comprehensive intervention effectively maintains weight loss effects by modulating the energy compensation mechanism with strong robustness.

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目的

探讨能量限制(CR)、身体活动(PA)、行为疗法(BT)结合呼吸训练(BE)、功能动作纠正训练(FMCT)的综合干预模式(CPBBF)对超重肥胖女大学生减肥效果, 为高校学生科学减肥提供参考依据。

方法

2022年3-5月, 招募重庆水利电力职业技术学院46名超重肥胖女大学生, 随机分为试验组(24名)和对照组(22名)。对照组接受CR (禁止随意加餐)、PA[第1周, 高强度间歇训练(HIIT)30 s与1~5 min的中等强度持续训练(MICT)交替4组, 时长15~20 min。第2周开始, HIIT和MICT各3 min交替5组, 时长30 min; 每周4次, 每次70 min]及BT (每次60~90 min, 每周3次); 试验组在此基础上融入FMCT (每次集中训练10~15 min, 融入PA及日常生活)和BE (提倡在生活及低强度训练中逐步过渡至正确呼吸方法, 每天5次, 每次10 min)。在干预前(T0)、12周的干预期(T1)和1年观察期(T2)分别测量两组体内氧气水平测试(BOLT)值、功能动作筛查(FMS)评分、体育锻炼态度评分及身体形态指标, 通过广义估计方程分析组间差异, 采用混合效应模型分析探讨变量间的预测关系。

结果

广义估计方程结果显示, 女大学生的BOLT值、FMS评分与体育锻炼态度的时间主效应均有统计学意义(Wald χ2值分别为18.75, 14.89, 12.45);进一步组内比较显示, 试验组女大学生T1、T2时BOLT值、FMS评分与体育锻炼态度较T0时均升高, 对照组仅在T1时出现升高(P值均 < 0.05)。上述3项指标的组别主效应亦均有统计学意义(Wald χ2值分别为6.33, 5.21, 4.88), BOLT值与FMS评分的时间与组别交互作用均有统计学意义(Wald χ2值分别为4.56, 3.97)(P值均 < 0.05)。女大学生的体重、体质量指数(BMI)和体脂率(BFR)的时间主效应均有统计学意义(Wald χ2值分别为44.27, 13.90, 82.33);进一步组内比较显示, 试验组女大学生T1和T2时体重、BMI和BFR相较T0时均降低, 对照组上述指标仅在T1时降低(P值均 < 0.05)。体重和BFR的组别主效应均有统计学意义(Wald χ2值分别为4.11, 6.46), BFR的时间与组别交互作用有统计学意义(Wald χ2=8.73)(P值均 < 0.05)。混合效应模型分析结果显示, BOLT (β=1.52)和FMS (β=1.81)均可正向预测体育锻炼态度, 体育锻炼态度对体重、BMI、BFR的负向预测均有统计学意义(β值分别为-0.08, -0.03, -0.03)(P值均 < 0.01)。

结论

"CPBBF"综合干预通过调节能量补偿机制有效维持减肥效果, 研究结果具有较强稳健性。

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GEE analysis of physical function, physical exercise attitude and body shape indicators among overweight and obese female college students(x±s)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别干预时间BOLT/sFMS体育锻炼态度体重/kgBMI/(kg·m-2)BFR/%
试验组T015.47±4.9013.03±3.93196.56±18.8272.40±4.4828.50±3.3037.27±2.43
(n=24)T122.68±5.95**17.06±2.82**230.69±19.73**64.25±3.89**25.28±3.72**29.02±3.48**
T224.23±7.57**16.75±2.64**213.78±23.12**67.00±4.54**25.90±5.12**29.59±4.13**
对照组T015.22±5.7413.32±3.79198.30±13.8772.55±3.1729.62±2.4537.18±2.51
(n=22)T117.47±5.01*15.08±3.31*212.88±18.04**65.82±3.58**25.56±2.68**29.34±3.02**
T216.62±3.9713.36±3.27201.41±15.2469.86±4.1328.67±2.6834.30±3.94
), ArticleFig(id=1325532334145160062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325532286678221652, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

超重肥胖女大学生身体功能、体育锻炼态度和身体形态指标的GEE分析(x±s)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别干预时间BOLT/sFMS体育锻炼态度体重/kgBMI/(kg·m-2)BFR/%
试验组T015.47±4.9013.03±3.93196.56±18.8272.40±4.4828.50±3.3037.27±2.43
(n=24)T122.68±5.95**17.06±2.82**230.69±19.73**64.25±3.89**25.28±3.72**29.02±3.48**
T224.23±7.57**16.75±2.64**213.78±23.12**67.00±4.54**25.90±5.12**29.59±4.13**
对照组T015.22±5.7413.32±3.79198.30±13.8772.55±3.1729.62±2.4537.18±2.51
(n=22)T117.47±5.01*15.08±3.31*212.88±18.04**65.82±3.58**25.56±2.68**29.34±3.02**
T216.62±3.9713.36±3.27201.41±15.2469.86±4.1328.67±2.6834.30±3.94
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超重肥胖女大学生综合干预减肥效果评价
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鲁鑫 1, 2, 3 , 李毅 *, 1 , 杨勇 4
中国学校卫生 | 健康教育与健康促进 2025,46(11): 1569-1573
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中国学校卫生 |健康教育与健康促进 2025 , 46 (11) : 1569 -1573
超重肥胖女大学生综合干预减肥效果评价
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鲁鑫1, 2, 3, 李毅*, 1 , 杨勇4
作者信息
  • 1西南大学教育学部, 重庆 400700
  • 2重庆水利电力职业技术学院通识教育学院
  • 3重庆水利电力职业技术学院科学运动与健康促进科研平台
  • 4广西医科大学团委
通讯作者:
李毅,E-mail:
作者简介:

鲁鑫(1983-),男,重庆万盛人,副教授,在读博士,主要研究方向为体卫融合与健康促进

Evaluation of the weight loss effect of a comprehensive intervention among overweight and obese female college students
Xin LU1, 2, 3, Yi LI*, 1 , Yong YANG4
Affiliations
  • 1Faculty of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400700, China
出版时间: 2025-11-25 doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025339
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目的

探讨能量限制(CR)、身体活动(PA)、行为疗法(BT)结合呼吸训练(BE)、功能动作纠正训练(FMCT)的综合干预模式(CPBBF)对超重肥胖女大学生减肥效果, 为高校学生科学减肥提供参考依据。

方法

2022年3-5月, 招募重庆水利电力职业技术学院46名超重肥胖女大学生, 随机分为试验组(24名)和对照组(22名)。对照组接受CR (禁止随意加餐)、PA[第1周, 高强度间歇训练(HIIT)30 s与1~5 min的中等强度持续训练(MICT)交替4组, 时长15~20 min。第2周开始, HIIT和MICT各3 min交替5组, 时长30 min; 每周4次, 每次70 min]及BT (每次60~90 min, 每周3次); 试验组在此基础上融入FMCT (每次集中训练10~15 min, 融入PA及日常生活)和BE (提倡在生活及低强度训练中逐步过渡至正确呼吸方法, 每天5次, 每次10 min)。在干预前(T0)、12周的干预期(T1)和1年观察期(T2)分别测量两组体内氧气水平测试(BOLT)值、功能动作筛查(FMS)评分、体育锻炼态度评分及身体形态指标, 通过广义估计方程分析组间差异, 采用混合效应模型分析探讨变量间的预测关系。

结果

广义估计方程结果显示, 女大学生的BOLT值、FMS评分与体育锻炼态度的时间主效应均有统计学意义(Wald χ2值分别为18.75, 14.89, 12.45);进一步组内比较显示, 试验组女大学生T1、T2时BOLT值、FMS评分与体育锻炼态度较T0时均升高, 对照组仅在T1时出现升高(P值均 < 0.05)。上述3项指标的组别主效应亦均有统计学意义(Wald χ2值分别为6.33, 5.21, 4.88), BOLT值与FMS评分的时间与组别交互作用均有统计学意义(Wald χ2值分别为4.56, 3.97)(P值均 < 0.05)。女大学生的体重、体质量指数(BMI)和体脂率(BFR)的时间主效应均有统计学意义(Wald χ2值分别为44.27, 13.90, 82.33);进一步组内比较显示, 试验组女大学生T1和T2时体重、BMI和BFR相较T0时均降低, 对照组上述指标仅在T1时降低(P值均 < 0.05)。体重和BFR的组别主效应均有统计学意义(Wald χ2值分别为4.11, 6.46), BFR的时间与组别交互作用有统计学意义(Wald χ2=8.73)(P值均 < 0.05)。混合效应模型分析结果显示, BOLT (β=1.52)和FMS (β=1.81)均可正向预测体育锻炼态度, 体育锻炼态度对体重、BMI、BFR的负向预测均有统计学意义(β值分别为-0.08, -0.03, -0.03)(P值均 < 0.01)。

结论

"CPBBF"综合干预通过调节能量补偿机制有效维持减肥效果, 研究结果具有较强稳健性。

超重  /  肥胖症  /  干预性研究  /  学生  /  女(雌)性
Objective

To investigate the weight loss effect of a comprehensive intervention model combining caloric restriction (CR), physical activity (PA), behavioral therapy (BT), breathing exercise (BE), and functional movement corrective training (FMCT)-referred to as the"CPBBF "model in overweight and obese female college students, so as to provide a reference for scientific weight loss interventions for college students.

Methods

From March to May 2022, 46 overweight and obese female college students from Chongqing Water Resources and Electric Engineering College were recruited and randomly divided into an experimental group (24 participants) and a control group (22 participants).The control group received CR (prohibiting ad libitum snacking), PA in the first week, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) for 30 s, and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) for 1-5 min alternate 4 sets, duration 15-20 min.From the second week, adjust to HIIT and MICT alternating 3 min each for 5 sets, totaling 30 min, 4 times/week, 70 min/time and BT (60-90 min/session, 3 times/week).The experimental group incorporated FMCT (10-15 min of focused training per session, integrated with PA and daily life) and BE (advocating a gradual transition to proper breathing methods in daily life and low-intensity training, 5 sessions/day, 10 min each).Body oxygen level test (BOLT), Functional Movement Screen (FMS), sports exercise attitude, and body composition indicators were measured at baseline (T0), after 12 weeks of intervention (T1), and after one year of follow-up (T2).The differences were analyzed between groups through generalized estimation equations, and mixed effect model analysis was employed to explore predictive relationships among variables.

Results

The results of the generalized estimation equation showed that time main effects of BOLT values, FMS scores, and exercise attitude among female college students were statistically significant (Wald χ2=18.75, 14.89, 12.45, all P < 0.01);further intragroup comparisons revealed that BOLT, functional motor screening (FMS) scores, and physical exercise attitudeof female college students in the experimental group increased compared to T0, while the control group only showed an increase at T1(all P < 0.05).The group main effects for the aforementioned three indicators were statistically significant (Wald χ2=6.33, 5.21, 4.88), and the time-by-group interactions of BOLT values and FMS scores were also statistically significant (Wald χ2=4.56, 3.97)(all P < 0.05).The time main effects of body weight, body mass index (BMI), and body fat ratio (BFR) in female college students were statistically significant (Wald χ2=44.27, 13.90, 82.33);further intragroup comparisons revealed that the experimental group of female college students showed a decrease in body weight, BMI and BFR at T1 and T2 compared to T0, while the control group only showed a decrease in these indicators at T1(all P < 0.05).The group main effects of weight and BFR were statistically significant (Wald χ2=4.11, 6.46), and the time-by-group interaction of BFR was statistically significant (Wald χ2=8.73)(all P < 0.05).The results of mixed effect model analysis showed that BOLT (β=1.52) and FMS (β=1.81) could both positively predict physical exercise attitude, and physical exercise attitude had statistically significant negative predictive effects on weight, BMI, and BFR (β=-0.08, -0.03, -0.03)(all P < 0.01).

Conclusion

The" CPBBF"comprehensive intervention effectively maintains weight loss effects by modulating the energy compensation mechanism with strong robustness.

Overweight  /  Obesity  /  Intervention studies  /  Students  /  Female
鲁鑫, 李毅, 杨勇. 超重肥胖女大学生综合干预减肥效果评价. 中国学校卫生, 2025 , 46 (11) : 1569 -1573 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025339
Xin LU, Yi LI, Yong YANG. Evaluation of the weight loss effect of a comprehensive intervention among overweight and obese female college students[J]. Chinese Journal of School Health, 2025 , 46 (11) : 1569 -1573 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025339
我国是全球超重肥胖人口最多的国家[1-2],尽管能量限制(calorie resriction,CR)、身体活动(physical activity,PA)及行为疗法(behavior therapy,BT)等传统“三基石”干预[3]对减肥有效,但仅不足20%的减肥成功者能在1年后达到体重较基线减少10%以上[4]。能量补偿(energy compensation,EC)是导致体重反弹的核心原因,其通过增加食欲、降低代谢成本和适应性产能等机制,在不受意志控制的情况下阻止体重减轻,并试图恢复基线水平体重和脂肪储备,以避免能量负平衡[5]。虽然,CR与PA可在一定程度上调节EC,然而多数人在减肥成功后依从性下降,可能与他们的饮食习惯、PA产生的疲劳感和能量摄入反馈调节等因素有关[6]。研究发现,呼吸训练(breathing exercise, BE)可改善运动耐力并调节食欲控制[7],功能动作纠正训练(functional movement corrective training, FMCT)可增强关节功能,改善动作模式[8],从而提高干预体验感,为提升CR与PA依从性提供新路径。
基于此,本研究在传统CR、PA和BT方案的基础上,加入BE和FMCT,构建“CPBBF”综合干预模式,并探讨该模式对EC的调节效果及其对身体功能、干预体验和身体形态指标的影响,为高校学生的科学减肥提供参考依据。
2022年3—5月,招募重庆水利电力职业技术学院非体育专业超重肥胖女大学生50名,开展集中干预,观察期至2023年5月结束。研究包括12周干预期和1年观察期,采用随机数字表法将被试分为试验组和对照组(各25名),分别在干预前(T0)、干预期后(T1)及观察期结束(T2)采集数据。干预期间试验组失访1名,对照组失访3名,最终两组完成者分别为24和22名。数据分析采用意向性分析(intention-to-treat,ITT)和符合方案分析(per protocol,PP,排除失访样本),体重、年龄、体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)、体脂率(body fat ratio, BFR)组间差异无统计学意义(t值分别为0.06,0.53,0.51,0.41,P值均>0.05)。
纳入标准:(1)BMI≥24 kg/m2且BFR>25%[1];(2)体育活动准备问卷(Physical Activity Readiness-Questionnaire, PAR-Q)[9]筛查合格,该问卷用于运动负荷试验或健身运动前对身体健康状况作评价,以发现体力活动禁忌症,问卷灵敏度近100%,发现不宜运动的特异性接近80%;(3)无遗传病、心血管疾病及精神障碍史;(4)无饮酒及减肥药物使用史;(5)签署知情同意书。研究通过广西医科大学伦理委员会伦理审查(批号:KY0157)。
2022年3—5月,干预由教师指导3名经培训的体育专业学生实施,每次60~90 min,每周4次;五一假期,学生按干预方案严格执行,未出现脱离干预情况。(1)CR。合理搭配七大必需营养素,脂肪、蛋白质、碳水化合物供能比分别为20%~30%,10%~20%和50%~65%[10]。初期为团队统一就餐并指导,后转为个性化自主管理,需上传餐食照片及电子秤测量数据。依据Singapore公式计算基础代谢率[12.6×体重(kg)+468.2],结合运动手环监测(该手环经过验证,准确度有保证),确保每日摄入能量比消耗少500 kcal(1 kcal=4.18 kJ)[10]。禁止随意加餐,若需加餐应经干预团队同意。(2)PA。结合中等强度持续训练(moderate intensity continuous training,MICT)与高强度间歇训练(high intensity interval training,HIIT),预测最大心率(maximum heart rate,HRmax)(HRmax=210-0.66×年龄)[11]。包含有氧、自重和轻器械抗阻训练等。第1周适应性训练,HIIT 30 s(80%~90%HRmax)与1~5 min的MICT(40%~60%HRmax)交替4组,时长15~20 min。第2周开始,调整为HIIT和MICT各3 min交替5组,时长30 min[10],每周4次。运动处方根据个体反馈分类调整,心率由运动手环监测。(3)BT。通过前3次干预时作BT专题教育,以及后续干预时作适当示范、讲解,并在干预过程中适时融入,系统介绍了超重肥胖的成因及危害,纠正久坐、暴饮暴食等不良行为[3]。(4)FMCT[12]。基于功能动作筛查(functional movement screen, FMS)评分,采用0~3分四个等级评分,优先针对得分较低的动作开展肌筋膜松解、拉伸、激活训练,旨在改善动作模式,保障运动安全和效果。每次集中训练10~15 min,并融入PA及日常生活。(5)BE[7]。提倡在生活及低强度训练中逐步过渡至正确呼吸方法,每天5次,每次10 min。MICT和HIIT时保持正常呼吸,间歇和结束时进行呼吸恢复训练。运动中血氧饱和度(peripheral oxygen saturation, SpO2)短暂下降至约85%,间歇和结束时迅速恢复至95%~99%,由运动手环监测。在对照组实施CR、PA、BT干预基础上,试验组增加BE和FMCT,形成了“CPBBF”综合干预模型。
(1) 体内氧气水平测试(body oxygen level test, BOLT)[13]:BOLT评分反映了身体对CO2和内稳态障碍的敏感性,提供了有关功能性呼吸和运动耐受性的反馈[14]。由干预团队负责人在学校训练场对受试者测量,即受试者从屏息后到首次想呼吸的时间长度(s)。BOLT<10 s提示呼吸功能弱、模式紊乱,<20 s时,做MICT、HIIT时会剧烈气喘,>20 s提示呼吸功能正常,>40 s为优秀[7, 13, 15]。(2)FMS:涵盖7项基础动作筛查,包括深蹲、跨栏步、前后分腿蹲、肩关节灵活性、主动直腿上抬、躯干稳定俯卧撑和旋转稳定性,每个动作的评分范围为0~3分,其中0分表示出现疼痛,1分表示无法完成动作,2分表示动作完成但质量不高,3分表示高质量完成。总分范围0~21分,<14分提示运动功能障碍。
采用体育锻炼态度量表[16]评价,包括8项(行为态度、目标态度、行为认知、行为习惯、行为意向、情感体验、行为控制感、主观标准)共70题,各题项评分1~5分,总分70~350分,得分越高表示锻炼态度越积极。该量表Cronbach α系数为0.95。
通过GS6.5B型人体成分分析仪测量体重、BMI、BFR,被试保持安静、直立、呼吸均匀、手脚接触点压力尽量一致,重复2次取平均值,结果精确至小数点后2位。
采用末次观测值结转法(last observation carried forward,LOCF)处理失访数据,确保结果稳健性。试验组签订保密协议,避免组间干扰。观察期通过微信群及邮箱收集生活方式及运动信息,保证信息的完整性和准确性。
所有计量资料先进行正态性检验,均符合正态分布,以(x±s)表示。数据采用Excel整理,IBM SPSS Statistics 28.0软件进行广义估计方程(generalized estimating equations, GEE)分析组间差异、时间变化趋势及其交互作用。采用混合效应模型分析BOLT、FMS对体育锻炼态度的预测作用,以及体育锻炼态度分别对体重、BMI和BFR的预测作用。以PP分析验证结果的稳健性。检验水准α=0.05。
经GEE分析,超重肥胖女大学生BOLT值、FMS评分和体育锻炼态度的时间主效应均有统计学意义(Wald χ2值分别为18.75,14.89,12.45,P值均 < 0.01);进一步组内比较显示,试验组BOLT值、FMS评分与体育锻炼态度在T1、T2时刻较T0均升高,对照组仅在T1时刻出现升高(P值均 < 0.05)。3项指标组间差异均有统计学意义(Wald χ2值分别为6.33,5.21,4.88,P值均 < 0.05)。时间与组别交互作用分析结果显示,BOLT值与FMS评分的交互作用有统计学意义(Wald χ2值分别为4.56,3.97,P值均 < 0.05)。体重、BMI与BFR方面,时间主效应均有统计学意义(Wald χ2值分别为44.27,13.90,82.33,P值均 < 0.01);进一步组内比较显示,试验组在T1和T2时相较T0均降低,对照组仅T1时出现降低(P值均 < 0.01)。组间差异中,体重和BFR有统计学意义(Wald χ2值分别为4.11,6.46,P值均 < 0.05)。时间和组别交互作用分析结果表明,只有BFR的交互作用有统计学意义(Wald χ2=8.73,P < 0.01)。见表1。
ITT纳入所有随机化样本(试验组25名,对照组25名),结果显示试验组在体重、BFR及BOLT等指标上优于对照组(P值均 < 0.05),且时间主效应及交互作用趋势一致。PP分析剔除失访样本(试验组1名,对照组3名)后,发现BFR的交互作用进一步增强(P < 0.01),其余指标结果与ITT一致。表明失访未对研究结论产生实质性影响,结果具有较高可信度。
以BOLT和FMS为自变量,体育锻炼态度为因变量进行混合效应模型分析,结果显示,BOLT与FMS均为体育锻炼态度的正向预测因子(β值分别为1.52,1.81),组别与时间的交互效应有统计学意义(β=10.56)(P值均 < 0.05)。以体育锻炼态度为自变量,体重、BMI和BFR为因变量进行分析,模型进一步证实,体育锻炼态度对体重、BMI和BFR均有负向预测作用(β值分别为-0.08,-0.03,-0.03);在身体指标的模型中,组别与时间的交互效应亦有统计学意义(β值分别为-2.10,-0.75,-0.88)(P值均 < 0.05)。
本研究结果表明,通过BE有助于促进CR的持续执行,进而有效调节EC机制,更好地维持减肥效果。EC的增加食欲机制指出,减肥期间食欲增加,饥饿感增强,饱腹感下降,若长期CR容易激活身体防御机制,促进脂肪储存并增加对高能量食物的偏好,给减肥带来挑战[11, 17]。然而,本研究试验组在饮食控制基础上加入呼吸训练,显著提升BOLT值,表明呼吸训练可减少每日呼吸量,控制食欲和进食速度,增加饮水频率[7]。这一变化不仅提升了超重肥胖女大学生锻炼态度,也有效维持了T2时的体重控制,支持呼吸训练在CR调节EC机制中的积极作用,为长期体重管理提供了新的视角和方法。
此外,BE与FMCT的结合,有助于促进PA的坚持,进一步调节EC机制,实现减肥效果的巩固。EC的适应性产能机制指出,PA诱导的适应性产热通常低于预期,导致减肥效果有限[7, 17]。超重肥胖人群在运动中更易出现气喘和呼吸功能降低的情况,影响运动表现及能量消耗[18]。本研究通过综合应用BE与FMCT,优化了被试的呼吸模式与运动效能,促进了日常能量的持续消耗,提升了被试体育锻炼态度,形成持续运动的良好习惯,从而有效调节EC机制,防止体重反弹。此结果印证了相关研究关于BE对改善呼吸肌功能、提高CO2耐受度及缓解运动呼吸困难的观点[7, 15, 19]。
此外,日常良好的BT可以促进每日总能量消耗的提升,进一步支持了EC机制的调节及减肥效果的维持。EC的降低代谢成本机制指出,伴随能量成本下降,每日总能量消耗降低[8],提示仅靠集中干预难以长期维持减重效果,日常行为的自律性和持久性尤为关键[8, 20]。本研究结果印证了刘正国等[21]的观点,试验组通过综合干预,不仅在生理上实现能量消耗优化,心理层面的积极变化也显著。试验组通过“CPBBF”综合干预显著提升体育锻炼态度,促进了锻炼行为的积极改变,形成良性循环,调节了EC机制,有效避免了体重反弹,验证了多维度行为干预优于单一干预的效果[21-22]。对照组因缺乏系统支持,锻炼态度和行为改善不足,减肥效果不稳定。
本研究仍存在一些局限性,如研究样本量较少且全部为女大学生,在一定程度上限制了结论的普适性;未来应扩大样本量,涵盖不同年龄和职业群体,并关注依从性等影响因素,以进一步验证“CPBBF”干预模式的广泛应用价值。
  • 重庆市教委科学技术研究计划重点项目(KJZD-K202503803);重庆市教育科学“十四五”规划教学改革研究专项课题项目(K23ZG3170168);西南大学2022年度中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(SWU220921)
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2025年第46卷第11期
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doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025339
  • 接收时间:2025-05-30
  • 首发时间:2026-11-06
  • 出版时间:2025-11-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-30
  • 修回日期:2025-08-25
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重庆市教委科学技术研究计划重点项目(KJZD-K202503803);重庆市教育科学“十四五”规划教学改革研究专项课题项目(K23ZG3170168);西南大学2022年度中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(SWU220921)
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    1西南大学教育学部, 重庆 400700
    2重庆水利电力职业技术学院通识教育学院
    3重庆水利电力职业技术学院科学运动与健康促进科研平台
    4广西医科大学团委

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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