Article(id=1325531174831153473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, issueId=1325530655635039055, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025304, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1743091200000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-28, revisedDate=1756051200000, revisedDateStr=2025-08-25, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793960859258, onlineDateStr=2026-11-06, pubDate=1761321600000, pubDateStr=2025-10-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793960859258, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793960859258, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793960859258, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1325530655635039055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, year='2025', volume='46', issue='10', pageStart='1369', pageEnd='1520', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1761321600000', pubDateStr='2025-10-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793960735472, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793960735472, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1422, endPage=1426, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1325531178991903043, articleId=1325531174831153473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=EN, title=Association of parent-child connectedness and peers' romantic behaviors with romantic relationships of secondary vocational school students, columnId=1259565859148804482, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of School Health, columnName=Health Education and Promotion, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the association between parent-child connectedness and romantic relationships of secondary vocational school students and the moderating effect of peers' romantic behavior, providing scientific basis for family and school health education.

Methods

From March to April 2021, 2 426 students from six secondary vocational and technical schools in Shanghai and Shaanxi Province were selected to conduct the survey by combining convenience sampling and cluster sampling.Electronic questionnaires were used to collect data on students' family characteristics, oneself and peer romantic behaviors, and parent-child bonding. The t-test was employed for inter-group comparisons, and binary Logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between parent-child bonding levels, peer romantic behavior, and the romantic behavior of secondary vocational students.

Results

The mother-child connection (2.63±0.77) was higher than that of father-child connection (2.48±0.78), with statistically significant difference (t=6.83, P < 0.01). Multivariable Logistic regression showed that overall father-child connectedness was negatively associated with students' romantic relationships(OR=0.86, 95%CI=0.76-0.97, P=0.02)and was only associated to girls' romantic relationships when stratified by gender(OR=0.79, 95%CI=0.66-0.93, P=0.01). Peers' romantic relationships were positively associated with students' romantic relationships (OR=3.19-5.12, all P < 0.01), and there was a moderating effect of the association between maternal connectedness and boys' romantic relationships (OR=1.67, 95%CI=1.05-2.66, P=0.03). Among boys without romantic peers, mother-child connectedness was negatively associated with their romantic relationships (OR=0.60, 95%CI=0.36-0.99, P < 0.05). In the total sample of Shanghai and girls of Shaanxi, father-child connectedness was negatively correlated with the romantic relationships of secondary vocational school students (OR=0.84, 0.65, 95%CI=0.71-1.00, 0.50-0.85, both P < 0.05). Peer romantic relationships exhibited a negative moderating effect on the influence of mother-child connectedness on the romantic relationships of males in Shanghai (OR=1.91, 95%CI=1.03-3.57, P < 0.05).

Conclusions

The father-daughter connectedness is negatively correlated with girls' romantic behavior, and peer romantic behavior weakens the correlation between mother-child connectedness and boys' romantic behavior. Efforts should be made to enhance the parent-child connectedness of secondary vocational students and their ability to cope with peer influence, providing proper guidance for adolescents' heterosexual interactions.

, authors=Simin XU, Xiayun ZUO, Yuhang FANG, Chunyan YU, Qiguo LIAN, Chaohua LOU, Yujia ZHENG, Xiaowen TU*, authorsList=Simin XU, Xiayun ZUO, Yuhang FANG, Chunyan YU, Qiguo LIAN, Chaohua LOU, Yujia ZHENG, Xiaowen TU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xiaowen TU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Chinese Journal of School Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1325531194645045574, articleId=1325531174831153473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=CN, title=亲子联结和同伴恋爱行为与中等职业学校学生恋爱行为的关联, columnId=1259565859903779205, journalTitle=中国学校卫生, columnName=健康教育与健康促进, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探讨亲子联结与中等职业学校学生(简称中职生)恋爱行为的关联及同伴恋爱行为的调节效应, 为家庭和学校健康教育提供科学依据。

方法

于2021年3—4月, 采用方便抽样与整群抽样相结合的方法选取上海市和陕西省的6所中等职业技术学校2 426名学生进行调查。使用电子问卷调查学生的家庭特征、本人及同伴恋爱行为及亲子联结。采用t检验进行组间比较, 采用二元Logistic回归分析亲子联结水平、同伴恋爱行为与中职生恋爱行为之间的关系。

结果

母子(女)联结水平(2.63±0.77)高于父子(女)联结(2.48±0.78), 差异有统计学意义(t=6.83, P < 0.01)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示, 父子(女)联结与中职生恋爱行为呈负相关(OR=0.86, 95%CI=0.76~0.97, P=0.02), 但按性别分层后仅与女生恋爱行为有关(OR=0.79, 95%CI=0.66~0.93, P=0.01)。同伴恋爱行为与不同性别中职生的恋爱行为均呈正相关(OR=3.19~5.12, P值均 < 0.01), 且在母子联结对男生恋爱行为的影响中有调节效应(OR=1.67, 95%CI=1.05~2.66, P=0.03)。在无同伴恋爱行为的男生中, 母子联结水平与其恋爱行为间存在负向关联(OR=0.60, 95%CI=0.36~0.99);在上海的总人群和陕西的女生中, 父子(女)联结与中职生恋爱行为均呈负相关(OR值分别为0.84, 0.65, 95%CI值分别为0.71~1.00, 0.50~0.85), 同伴恋爱行为在母子联结对上海男生恋爱行为的影响中有负向调节效应(OR=1.91, 95%CI=1.03~3.57)(P值均 < 0.05)。

结论

父女联结水平与女生恋爱行为呈负相关, 同伴恋爱行为会削弱母子联结水平与男生恋爱行为的关联。应提高中职生与父母的亲子联结水平及其应对同伴影响的能力, 为青少年异性交往提供正确引导。

, authors=徐思敏, 左霞云, 房宇航, 余春艳, 廉启国, 楼超华, 郑雨佳, 涂晓雯*, authorsList=徐思敏, 左霞云, 房宇航, 余春艳, 廉启国, 楼超华, 郑雨佳, 涂晓雯, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=涂晓雯, authorNote=

徐思敏(1995-), 女, 云南曲靖人, 硕士, 研究实习员, 主要研究方向为青少年健康

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涂晓雯,E-mail:
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Parental presence and adolescent reproductive health among the Nairobi urban poor. J Adolesc Health, 2003, 33(5): 369-377., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325531275066630563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325531174831153473, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=21, rfOrder=28, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BUCX F, SEIFFGE-KRENKE I. Romantic relationships in intra-ethnic and inter-ethnic adolescent couples in Germany: the role of attachment to parents, self-esteem, and conflict resolution skills. Int J Behav Dev, 2010, 34(2): 128-135., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325531275469283748, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325531174831153473, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=22, rfOrder=29, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ALLEN J P, HAUSER S T, O'CONNOR T G, et al. Prediction of peer-rated adult hostility from autonomy struggles in adolescent-family interactions. 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The moderating effect of peers' romantic relationships between parent-child connectedness and romantic relationships among secondary vocational school students

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
父母变量男生(n=1 023)a女生(n=1 167)a总体(n=2 190)b
OR值(95%CI)P值OR值(95%CI)P值OR值(95%CI)P值
父亲同伴恋爱行为3.19(2.23~4.55)< 0.015.09(3.64~7.12)< 0.014.11(3.23~5.23)< 0.01
亲子联结0.95(0.80~1.14)0.610.79(0.66~0.93)0.010.86(0.76~0.97)0.02
同伴恋爱行为×亲子联结1.45(0.92~2.28)0.110.93(0.62~1.40)0.731.12(0.83~1.51)0.45
母亲同伴恋爱行为3.21(2.25~4.57)< 0.015.12(3.67~7.16)< 0.014.14(3.25~5.27)< 0.01
亲子联结1.00(0.84~1.20)0.970.90(0.76~1.07)0.240.95(0.84~1.07)0.37
同伴恋爱行为×亲子联结1.67(1.05~2.66)0.030.84(0.56~1.27)0.411.16(0.86~1.57)0.34
), ArticleFig(id=1325531239041753474, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325531174831153473, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

中职生同伴恋爱行为在亲子联结与恋爱行为关联间的调节效应

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
父母变量男生(n=1 023)a女生(n=1 167)a总体(n=2 190)b
OR值(95%CI)P值OR值(95%CI)P值OR值(95%CI)P值
父亲同伴恋爱行为3.19(2.23~4.55)< 0.015.09(3.64~7.12)< 0.014.11(3.23~5.23)< 0.01
亲子联结0.95(0.80~1.14)0.610.79(0.66~0.93)0.010.86(0.76~0.97)0.02
同伴恋爱行为×亲子联结1.45(0.92~2.28)0.110.93(0.62~1.40)0.731.12(0.83~1.51)0.45
母亲同伴恋爱行为3.21(2.25~4.57)< 0.015.12(3.67~7.16)< 0.014.14(3.25~5.27)< 0.01
亲子联结1.00(0.84~1.20)0.970.90(0.76~1.07)0.240.95(0.84~1.07)0.37
同伴恋爱行为×亲子联结1.67(1.05~2.66)0.030.84(0.56~1.27)0.411.16(0.86~1.57)0.34
), ArticleFig(id=1325531239436018051, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325531174831153473, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

The moderating effect of peers' romantic relationships between parent-child connectedness and romantic relationships among secondary vocational school students in different areas[OR(95%CI)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
父母变量上海陕西
男生(n=491)a女生(n=596)a总体(n=1 087)b男生(n=532)a女生(n=571)a总体(n=1 103)b
父亲同伴恋爱行为3.03(1.89~4.86)**5.75(3.54~9.31)**4.20(3.01~5.84)**3.70(2.10~6.50)**4.63(2.87~7.44)**4.11(2.87~5.88)**
亲子联结0.79(0.62~1.01)0.92(0.73~1.16)0.84(0.71~1.00)*1.21(0.93~1.59)0.65(0.50~0.85)**0.88(0.73~1.06)
同伴恋爱行为×亲子联结1.59(0.88~2.87)0.86(0.50~1.50)1.13(0.76~1.68)1.09(0.52~2.28)1.03(0.55~1.92)1.11(0.70~1.77)
母亲同伴恋爱行为3.02(1.89~4.84)**5.76(3.55~9.34)**4.18(3.01~5.82)**3.67(2.09~6.42)**4.73(2.95~7.60)**4.21(2.94~6.02)**
亲子联结0.84(0.66~1.08)0.99(0.78~1.24)0.90(0.76~1.06)1.23(0.95~1.60)0.80(0.62~1.04)1.01(0.84~1.21)
同伴恋爱行为×亲子联结1.91(1.03~3.57)*0.58(0.32~1.05)1.05(0.70~1.57)1.20(0.57~2.51)1.27(0.68~2.39)1.30(0.82~2.08)
), ArticleFig(id=1325531240216158596, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325531174831153473, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同地区中职生同伴恋爱行为在亲子联结与恋爱行为关联间的调节效应[OR 值(95%CI)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
父母变量上海陕西
男生(n=491)a女生(n=596)a总体(n=1 087)b男生(n=532)a女生(n=571)a总体(n=1 103)b
父亲同伴恋爱行为3.03(1.89~4.86)**5.75(3.54~9.31)**4.20(3.01~5.84)**3.70(2.10~6.50)**4.63(2.87~7.44)**4.11(2.87~5.88)**
亲子联结0.79(0.62~1.01)0.92(0.73~1.16)0.84(0.71~1.00)*1.21(0.93~1.59)0.65(0.50~0.85)**0.88(0.73~1.06)
同伴恋爱行为×亲子联结1.59(0.88~2.87)0.86(0.50~1.50)1.13(0.76~1.68)1.09(0.52~2.28)1.03(0.55~1.92)1.11(0.70~1.77)
母亲同伴恋爱行为3.02(1.89~4.84)**5.76(3.55~9.34)**4.18(3.01~5.82)**3.67(2.09~6.42)**4.73(2.95~7.60)**4.21(2.94~6.02)**
亲子联结0.84(0.66~1.08)0.99(0.78~1.24)0.90(0.76~1.06)1.23(0.95~1.60)0.80(0.62~1.04)1.01(0.84~1.21)
同伴恋爱行为×亲子联结1.91(1.03~3.57)*0.58(0.32~1.05)1.05(0.70~1.57)1.20(0.57~2.51)1.27(0.68~2.39)1.30(0.82~2.08)
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亲子联结和同伴恋爱行为与中等职业学校学生恋爱行为的关联
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徐思敏 , 左霞云 , 房宇航 , 余春艳 , 廉启国 , 楼超华 , 郑雨佳 , 涂晓雯 *
中国学校卫生 | 健康教育与健康促进 2025,46(10): 1422-1426
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中国学校卫生 |健康教育与健康促进 2025 , 46 (10) : 1422 -1426
亲子联结和同伴恋爱行为与中等职业学校学生恋爱行为的关联
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徐思敏, 左霞云, 房宇航, 余春艳, 廉启国, 楼超华, 郑雨佳, 涂晓雯*
作者信息
  • 上海市生物医药技术研究院/上海市疾病与健康基因组学重点实验室/国家卫生健康委员会生育调节药械重点实验室, 上海 200237
通讯作者:
涂晓雯,E-mail:
作者简介:

徐思敏(1995-), 女, 云南曲靖人, 硕士, 研究实习员, 主要研究方向为青少年健康

Association of parent-child connectedness and peers' romantic behaviors with romantic relationships of secondary vocational school students
Simin XU, Xiayun ZUO, Yuhang FANG, Chunyan YU, Qiguo LIAN, Chaohua LOU, Yujia ZHENG, Xiaowen TU*
Affiliations
  • Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies/Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics/NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai 200237, China
出版时间: 2025-10-25 doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025304
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目的

探讨亲子联结与中等职业学校学生(简称中职生)恋爱行为的关联及同伴恋爱行为的调节效应, 为家庭和学校健康教育提供科学依据。

方法

于2021年3—4月, 采用方便抽样与整群抽样相结合的方法选取上海市和陕西省的6所中等职业技术学校2 426名学生进行调查。使用电子问卷调查学生的家庭特征、本人及同伴恋爱行为及亲子联结。采用t检验进行组间比较, 采用二元Logistic回归分析亲子联结水平、同伴恋爱行为与中职生恋爱行为之间的关系。

结果

母子(女)联结水平(2.63±0.77)高于父子(女)联结(2.48±0.78), 差异有统计学意义(t=6.83, P < 0.01)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示, 父子(女)联结与中职生恋爱行为呈负相关(OR=0.86, 95%CI=0.76~0.97, P=0.02), 但按性别分层后仅与女生恋爱行为有关(OR=0.79, 95%CI=0.66~0.93, P=0.01)。同伴恋爱行为与不同性别中职生的恋爱行为均呈正相关(OR=3.19~5.12, P值均 < 0.01), 且在母子联结对男生恋爱行为的影响中有调节效应(OR=1.67, 95%CI=1.05~2.66, P=0.03)。在无同伴恋爱行为的男生中, 母子联结水平与其恋爱行为间存在负向关联(OR=0.60, 95%CI=0.36~0.99);在上海的总人群和陕西的女生中, 父子(女)联结与中职生恋爱行为均呈负相关(OR值分别为0.84, 0.65, 95%CI值分别为0.71~1.00, 0.50~0.85), 同伴恋爱行为在母子联结对上海男生恋爱行为的影响中有负向调节效应(OR=1.91, 95%CI=1.03~3.57)(P值均 < 0.05)。

结论

父女联结水平与女生恋爱行为呈负相关, 同伴恋爱行为会削弱母子联结水平与男生恋爱行为的关联。应提高中职生与父母的亲子联结水平及其应对同伴影响的能力, 为青少年异性交往提供正确引导。

客体依恋  /  行为  /  亲子关系  /  回归分析  /  学生
Objective

To explore the association between parent-child connectedness and romantic relationships of secondary vocational school students and the moderating effect of peers' romantic behavior, providing scientific basis for family and school health education.

Methods

From March to April 2021, 2 426 students from six secondary vocational and technical schools in Shanghai and Shaanxi Province were selected to conduct the survey by combining convenience sampling and cluster sampling.Electronic questionnaires were used to collect data on students' family characteristics, oneself and peer romantic behaviors, and parent-child bonding. The t-test was employed for inter-group comparisons, and binary Logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between parent-child bonding levels, peer romantic behavior, and the romantic behavior of secondary vocational students.

Results

The mother-child connection (2.63±0.77) was higher than that of father-child connection (2.48±0.78), with statistically significant difference (t=6.83, P < 0.01). Multivariable Logistic regression showed that overall father-child connectedness was negatively associated with students' romantic relationships(OR=0.86, 95%CI=0.76-0.97, P=0.02)and was only associated to girls' romantic relationships when stratified by gender(OR=0.79, 95%CI=0.66-0.93, P=0.01). Peers' romantic relationships were positively associated with students' romantic relationships (OR=3.19-5.12, all P < 0.01), and there was a moderating effect of the association between maternal connectedness and boys' romantic relationships (OR=1.67, 95%CI=1.05-2.66, P=0.03). Among boys without romantic peers, mother-child connectedness was negatively associated with their romantic relationships (OR=0.60, 95%CI=0.36-0.99, P < 0.05). In the total sample of Shanghai and girls of Shaanxi, father-child connectedness was negatively correlated with the romantic relationships of secondary vocational school students (OR=0.84, 0.65, 95%CI=0.71-1.00, 0.50-0.85, both P < 0.05). Peer romantic relationships exhibited a negative moderating effect on the influence of mother-child connectedness on the romantic relationships of males in Shanghai (OR=1.91, 95%CI=1.03-3.57, P < 0.05).

Conclusions

The father-daughter connectedness is negatively correlated with girls' romantic behavior, and peer romantic behavior weakens the correlation between mother-child connectedness and boys' romantic behavior. Efforts should be made to enhance the parent-child connectedness of secondary vocational students and their ability to cope with peer influence, providing proper guidance for adolescents' heterosexual interactions.

Object attachment  /  Behavior  /  Parent-child relations  /  Regression analysis  /  Students
徐思敏, 左霞云, 房宇航, 余春艳, 廉启国, 楼超华, 郑雨佳, 涂晓雯. 亲子联结和同伴恋爱行为与中等职业学校学生恋爱行为的关联. 中国学校卫生, 2025 , 46 (10) : 1422 -1426 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025304
Simin XU, Xiayun ZUO, Yuhang FANG, Chunyan YU, Qiguo LIAN, Chaohua LOU, Yujia ZHENG, Xiaowen TU. Association of parent-child connectedness and peers' romantic behaviors with romantic relationships of secondary vocational school students[J]. Chinese Journal of School Health, 2025 , 46 (10) : 1422 -1426 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025304
随着青春期发育,青少年对异性的关注度逐渐增多,易发生恋爱行为。虽然青少年恋爱对其情感满足、自我意识构建、社会交往技能及亲密关系建立具有积极作用[1-2],但由于青少年的心理发育较身体发育滞后,恋爱及由此导致的失恋和过早性行为常会对其身心健康及学习生活产生负面影响[3-4]。相比普通高中生,中职生的学业压力较小,有较多的机会接触社会,其约会和性行为的发生率更高[5]。青少年恋爱等行为受到家庭和同伴因素的直接影响[1, 6]。研究发现,青少年恋爱行为与同伴恋爱行为呈正相关[2],高质量的亲子关系能为青少年提供情感支持并有助于规范行为[7]。亲子联结是指父母对孩子的情感温暖、关爱、接受和支持[8],是父母与青少年关系的重要维度。本研究旨在探讨亲子联结水平对中职生恋爱行为的影响,及同伴恋爱行为在该影响中的调节效应,从家庭和同伴两个视角为开展青少年异性交往指导提供帮助。
采用方便抽样方法,于2021年3—4月从上海市中心城区、近郊区和远郊区分别选择1所中等职业学校(简称“中职校”),从陕西省经济发展水平处于好、中、差的3个城市各选取1所中职校作为研究现场,共6所学校。每所学校以班级为单位,采用整群抽样方法从3个及以上专业系/部选取研究对象,各调查500~600名学生,保持男女及各年级学生比例均衡。共发放3 253份调查问卷,回收3 237份问卷,回收率为99.51%。排除66份不合格问卷和745名不与父母同住的研究对象后,纳入研究对象2 426名,有效率为74.58%。其中上海学生1 237名,陕西学生1 189名;男生1 138名,女生1 288名;平均年龄为(16.92±1.31)岁。调节效应分析中,由于部分协变量缺失,样本总体2 190名,其中男生1 023名,女生1 167名;上海1 087名(男生491名,女生596名),陕西1 103名(男生532名,女生571名)。本研究获原上海市计划生育科学研究所伦理委员会批准(批件号:PJ2021-24),并在调查前征得了调查对象的知情同意。
问卷调查由学校老师组织,通过电子问卷以线上匿名自填的形式收集资料。主要调查内容包括个人特征、家庭特征、本人及同伴恋爱行为及亲子联结等。
本人恋爱行为测量条目为“你是否谈过恋爱?”,选项为“有过、没有”。同伴恋爱行为测量条目为“你的同学朋友里有多少人谈过恋爱”,选项为“没有、小部分、一半左右、大部分、全部和不清楚”。
包括父亲和母亲2个分量表,各包含4个条目,分别是我的父母会鼓励我;我的父母关心我的想法或感受;我的父母试图了解我喜欢的活动;我会和父母谈论我的问题/困扰[8]。选项是“从不、有时、经常、总是、不适合”。前4个选项按顺序依次赋值1~4分,“不适合”按缺失值处理,计算4个条目的平均值,分量表得分范围均为1~4分,分数越高代表亲子联结水平越高。父亲和母亲的亲子联结量表Cronbach α系数均为0.88。
个人特征包括性别、地区、年级、户籍所在地、是否独生子女等。家庭特征包括主观家庭经济状况、父母关系、父母受教育程度等。
在正式调查前开展了预调查,确保问卷设计合理。对调查人员进行严格培训,使他们能采用统一的流程和质量控制方法收集资料,包括调查前安排学生独立就坐,解释调查的目的和意义,强调问卷内容的保密性,在学生填写问卷后对填写的完整性进行检查等。
使用StataSE 15软件进行数据的清洗、合并和统计分析。对连续型变量使用(x±s)、分类变量采用频数和百分比进行描述统计。采用Shapiro-Wilk检验结合Q-Q图和偏度/峰度评估定量数据的正态性。采用χ2检验比较不同特征研究对象恋爱行为和同伴恋爱行为报告率,采用t检验比较不同特征研究对象的亲子联结水平。采用Spearman相关分析方法考察父母亲子联结、同伴恋爱行为与本人恋爱行为之间的关系;采用单因素Logistic回归对变量进行单因素分析,采用二元Logistic回归分析同伴恋爱行为在亲子联结水平对总人群及不同性别学生恋爱行为影响中的调节效应,并进行简单效应分析。模型中调整了地区、是否独生子女、年级、户籍、家庭经济状况、父母间关系和父母受教育程度。双侧检验水准α=0.05。
总样本中,母子(女)联结水平(2.63±0.77)高于父子(女)联结(2.48±0.78),差异有统计学意义(t=6.83,P < 0.01)。不同性别间,父子联结水平(2.53±0.77)高于父女联结(2.43±0.79)(t=3.08,P < 0.01);但母子联结(2.66±0.77)与母女联结(2.61±0.78)得分差异无统计学意义(t=1.62,P=0.11)。不同地区间,上海父、母的亲子联结水平(父亲:2.55±0.83;母亲:2.72±0.81)均高于陕西(父亲:2.40±0.73;母亲:2.54±0.73)(t值分别为4.64,5.88,P值均 < 0.01)。48.85%(1 185名)的中职生谈过恋爱,该比例男生(53.25%,606名)高于女生(44.95%,579名),陕西中职生(51.39%,611名)高于上海中职生(46.40%,574名)(χ2值分别为16.65,6.03,P值均 < 0.05)。
在同伴恋爱行为中,78.36%(1 901名)的中职生同伴中有过恋爱行为,男生(81.99%,933名)高于女生(75.16%,968名),陕西中职生(81.58%,970名)高于上海中职生(75.26%,931名), 差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为16.62,14.27,P值均 < 0.05)。
Spearman相关分析结果显示,同伴恋爱行为与中职生恋爱行为呈正相关(r=0.26),亲子联结水平与中职生恋爱行为呈负相关(母亲:r=-0.05,父亲:r=-0.07)(P值均 < 0.05)。
见表1。
单因素分析结果显示,在总样本中,父子(女)联结、母子(女)联结与子女恋爱行为均呈负相关(父亲:OR=0.83,95%CI=0.75~0.92;母亲:OR=0.89,95%CI=0.80~0.98),父女联结、母女联结均与女生恋爱行为呈负相关(父亲:OR=0.72,95%CI=0.62~0.83;母亲:OR=0.79,95%CI=0.68~0.91)(P值均 < 0.05)。
以中职生恋爱行为(0=否,1=是)为因变量,以“亲子联结水平”得分(连续型变量)作为自变量,以同伴恋爱行为(0=没有及不清楚,1=有过)为调节变量进行多因素Logistic回归分析,结果显示,父子(女)联结与中职生恋爱行为存在负向关联(OR=0.86,P=0.02),但未发现母子(女)联结与中职生恋爱行为的关联。按性别分层后发现,父女联结与女生的恋爱行为负向关联(OR=0.79,P < 0.01)。同伴恋爱行为与不同性别中职生的恋爱行为均存在正向关联(OR=3.19~5.12,P值均 < 0.01)。进一步对同伴恋爱行为的调节作用进行分析发现,同伴恋爱行为在母子联结对男生恋爱行为的影响中有调节效应(OR=1.67,P=0.03),但未发现同伴恋爱行为在父子、父女及母女联结对中职生恋爱行为影响中的调节效应。
进一步按照有无同伴恋爱行为进行分层分析发现,在无同伴恋爱行为的男生中,母子联结水平与其恋爱行为间存在负向关联(OR=0.60,95%CI=0.36~0.99,P < 0.05)。简单效应图结果表明,在没有及不清楚同伴恋爱行为的情况下,母子联结水平越高,男生恋爱行为发生的可能性越低,见图1。
按地区进行分层分析发现,在上海的总人群和陕西的女生中,父子(女)联结与中职生恋爱行为均呈负相关(OR值分别为0.84,0.65,P值均 < 0.05)。同伴恋爱行为与不同地区不同性别中职生的恋爱行为均存在正向关联(OR=3.02~5.76,P值均 < 0.01)。同伴恋爱行为在母子联结对上海男生恋爱行为的影响中有负向调节效应(OR=1.91,P=0.04)。见表2。
本研究中,48.85%的中职生谈过恋爱,男生报告的本人及其同伴谈过恋爱的比例高于女生,与既往的调查结果一致[9]。从不同地区来看,陕西中职生及其同伴的恋爱比例高于上海,可能与陕西调查对象多为住校生,平时有更多与同伴相处的机会,更容易受到同伴行为的影响,同时也与两地学生和父母的亲子联结水平差异有关。本研究结果显示,同伴恋爱行为与不同性别中职生的恋爱行为均呈正相关,与既往研究结果一致[2]。有报告指出,较之家庭和学校的教育投入,同伴对青少年的影响更为强烈[2]。从社会文化角度看,青少年长期生活在学校的小社会中,渴望得到同伴的认可和接纳,比起父母和老师,青少年更愿意和同龄人交流,从同伴群体中获取情感支持和行为的建议[10]。
本研究结果显示,亲子联结处于中等水平,母子(女)联结水平高于父子(女)联结水平,可能是因为传统家庭角色分工使母亲在育儿中扮演了更多照顾者的角色,可以给孩子提供更多的情感支持[11]。不同性别间,父子联结水平高于父女联结水平,与既往研究的结果基本一致[12]。可能受中国传统父权制社会的影响,家庭和社会对男生寄予更高的期望,从而可能给男生更多的支持和关爱。从不同地区来看,上海地区的亲子联结水平高于陕西地区,可能与不同地区父母的教养观念不同有关[13]。此外,有研究表明,家庭经济更好、家长学历更高的家庭会给予孩子更多的温暖与理解[14]。
大量研究表明,亲子联结对青少年行为有重要影响,例如高水平亲子联结能降低青少年危险性行为的发生率[15];父母情感温暖与青少年的亲社会行为呈正相关[16]。本研究结果显示,父母的亲子联结水平与异性子女恋爱行为相关,其中父女联结水平与女生恋爱行为存在负相关,且不受同伴恋爱行为状况的影响,而母子联结水平仅与同伴没有恋爱行为的男生恋爱行为存在负向关联。既往研究也发现,与异性父母关系良好可以降低发生恋爱行为的可能性[2],可能与这些青少年能从与异性父母的亲子互动中获得情感满足,且有助于青少年保持高自尊有关,而高水平的亲子联结能为子女提供情感温暖、关爱和支持,有助于建立良好的亲子关系。研究表明,与父母等照料者缺乏牢固关系的青少年更渴望寻求与他人建立关系来满足自己在人际认同方面的需求[17]。父亲在养育中缺位会促进女生与异性交往,从而弥补父爱的缺失[18],且与女生早熟、过早性行为和意外怀孕有关[19-20]。此外,有研究还发现子女的异性交往技能与他们早期和异性父母间的关系质量有关[21]。可见,父母对异性子女的性相关行为和技能有着特殊影响,其中的作用机制还有待进一步研究。另外,依据发展与生态理论,不良亲子关系使青少年更容易受到同伴压力和规范的影响,从而可能削弱父母对青少年的影响[22],如本研究中同伴恋爱行为会削弱母子联结和男生恋爱行为的关联。尽管本研究中母子(女)联结与子女恋爱行为的关联没有父子(女)联结显著,但仍需重视母子(女)联结的作用。
本研究也存在一定局限性。首先,本研究在上海市和陕西省完整家庭的中职生中进行,无法外推到其他背景的青少年中;其次,采用自填问卷方式收集数据,可能存在一定的报告偏倚;最后,由于横断面研究固有的局限性,在因果关联上无法给出明确的结果。
  • 中国计划生育协会调研项目(20CFPAY03A)
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2025年第46卷第10期
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doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025304
  • 接收时间:2025-03-28
  • 首发时间:2026-11-06
  • 出版时间:2025-10-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-28
  • 修回日期:2025-08-25
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中国计划生育协会调研项目(20CFPAY03A)
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    上海市生物医药技术研究院/上海市疾病与健康基因组学重点实验室/国家卫生健康委员会生育调节药械重点实验室, 上海 200237

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小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
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