Article(id=1325530661406401359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, issueId=1325530655635039055, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025309, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1757001600000, receivedDateStr=2025-09-05, revisedDate=1759939200000, revisedDateStr=2025-10-09, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793960736847, onlineDateStr=2026-11-06, pubDate=1761321600000, pubDateStr=2025-10-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793960736847, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793960736847, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793960736847, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1325530655635039055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, year='2025', volume='46', issue='10', pageStart='1369', pageEnd='1520', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1761321600000', pubDateStr='2025-10-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793960735472, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793960735472, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1369, endPage=1371, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1325530663587439440, articleId=1325530661406401359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=EN, title=Focus on the intergenerational transmission of adverse childhood experiences, columnId=1325500683172065622, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of School Health, columnName=Editorial, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) constitute a significant environmental risk factor for various physical and mental health issues. In recent years, the intergenerational health effects of ACEs have gradually become a research focus. The article reviews and analyzes the prevalence of ACEs, and their intergenerational health impacts, and the underlying biological and socio-psychological mechanisms. It calls for strengthening relevant research on the transformation of mechanisms, methods and practices, so as to provide a scientific basis for the ongoing optimization of policies aimed at improving children's growth environments.

, authors=Jie TANG1, Bin HU2, Weiquan LIN3, authorsList=Jie TANG, Bin HU, Weiquan LIN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Chinese Journal of School Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1325530666070467409, articleId=1325530661406401359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=CN, title=关注童年期不良经历的跨代传递, columnId=1325500684380025177, journalTitle=中国学校卫生, columnName=述评, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

童年期不良经历(ACEs)是多种身心健康问题的重要环境风险因素。近年,ACEs的跨代健康效应逐渐成为研究焦点,研究通过对ACEs的流行现状、跨代健康效应、生物学和社会心理学机制进行分析,呼吁从机制、方法和实践转化方面加强相关研究的开展,为持续优化儿童成长环境政策的制定提供科学依据。

, authors=唐杰1, 胡彬2, 林伟权3, authorsList=唐杰, 胡彬, 林伟权, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

唐杰(1985-),男,湖南衡阳人,博士,教授,主要研究方向为儿童异常心理行为流行病学

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关注童年期不良经历的跨代传递
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唐杰 1 , 胡彬 2 , 林伟权 3
中国学校卫生 | 述评 2025,46(10): 1369-1371
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中国学校卫生 |述评 2025 , 46 (10) : 1369 -1371
关注童年期不良经历的跨代传递
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唐杰1, 胡彬2, 林伟权3
作者信息
  • 1广东药科大学公共卫生学院,广州 510006
  • 2广州医科大学公共卫生学院,广州 510006
  • 3广州市疾病预防控制中心(广州市卫生监督所)基本公共卫生服务部,广州 510006
作者简介:

唐杰(1985-),男,湖南衡阳人,博士,教授,主要研究方向为儿童异常心理行为流行病学

Focus on the intergenerational transmission of adverse childhood experiences
Jie TANG1, Bin HU2, Weiquan LIN3
Affiliations
  • 1School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, China
出版时间: 2025-10-25 doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025309
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童年期不良经历(ACEs)是多种身心健康问题的重要环境风险因素。近年,ACEs的跨代健康效应逐渐成为研究焦点,研究通过对ACEs的流行现状、跨代健康效应、生物学和社会心理学机制进行分析,呼吁从机制、方法和实践转化方面加强相关研究的开展,为持续优化儿童成长环境政策的制定提供科学依据。

生活变动事件  /  健康促进  /  精神卫生  /  儿童

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) constitute a significant environmental risk factor for various physical and mental health issues. In recent years, the intergenerational health effects of ACEs have gradually become a research focus. The article reviews and analyzes the prevalence of ACEs, and their intergenerational health impacts, and the underlying biological and socio-psychological mechanisms. It calls for strengthening relevant research on the transformation of mechanisms, methods and practices, so as to provide a scientific basis for the ongoing optimization of policies aimed at improving children's growth environments.

Life change events  /  Health promotion  /  Mental health  /  Child
唐杰, 胡彬, 林伟权. 关注童年期不良经历的跨代传递. 中国学校卫生, 2025 , 46 (10) : 1369 -1371 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025309
Jie TANG, Bin HU, Weiquan LIN. Focus on the intergenerational transmission of adverse childhood experiences[J]. Chinese Journal of School Health, 2025 , 46 (10) : 1369 -1371 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025309
童年期不良经历(adverse childhood experiences, ACEs)指个体18岁前所遭受到的各种类型的潜在创伤性经历,涵盖各类虐待、忽视、家庭功能不全、人际关系丧失及经济困境等[1]。研究表明,ACEs是多种健康问题的重要风险因素[2],随着ACEs暴露种类或频次的增加,个体在后续的生命历程中出现不良健康结局的风险也增加[3]。而且越来越多的研究表明ACEs的不良后果可能具有代际效应,即父亲和/或母亲经历ACEs可能增加子代疾病和不良行为的发生风险[4-6]。ACEs的跨代健康效应加剧了社会弱势群体的不平等,威胁了公共卫生的可持续发展[3]。
ACEs是普遍存在于人类社会又长期被忽视的一个涉及人权、法律和公共卫生等方面的问题。因定义和评价方式的差异,ACEs的发生率难以准确估计。世界卫生组织的数据表明,在新型冠状病毒感染疫情暴发前,全球2~17岁儿童青少年约有50%经历过某种形式的ACEs,各地区报道的发生率差异较大[7]。儿童与家庭管理办公室报道,2023年美国约有55万名17岁以下儿童遭受过虐待[8]。我国人群中,18岁以下儿童青少年虐待发生率为20%~47%,其中以躯体忽视最为常见[9]。作为生命早期的不良社会心理环境暴露,ACEs不仅影响个体全生命周期的身心健康,而且影响着国民经济和社会的发展。据估计,我国各类精神障碍导致的伤残调整生命年(disability adjusted life year,DALY)中,有26.3%归因于童年期情感虐待;抑郁、焦虑、酗酒、药物滥用导致的DALY中,分别有12.2%,17.0%,20.7%和18.8%归因于童年期躯体虐待;非自杀性自伤行为导致的DALY中,分别有18.0%和18.3%归因于童年期情感虐待和躯体虐待;每年因童年期虐待导致的各类损失约占我国国内生产总值的2.6%[10]。
流行病学研究结果显示,父母ACEs暴露与子代运动技能、言语、认知、社会化发展以及社交能力的发育迟缓相关[4, 6]。但最近一项系统综述认为两者间的关联可能是由于混杂因素所致[11]。有多项研究结果表明父亲或/和母亲ACEs暴露增加了子代儿童生理健康问题(包括支气管炎、哮喘、过敏)的发生风险,甚至导致整体健康状况不佳[4, 6, 12]。另外也有研究表明,父母ACEs暴露会影响子代儿童青少年的皮质醇、炎症细胞因子、端粒长度、甲基化年龄、心率、下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴等生理指标[6]。
父母ACEs暴露对子代儿童青少年心理行为问题影响是当前的研究重点。ACEs暴露会导致母亲情感失调,进而增加子代儿童青少年心理行为问题的发生风险[13]。系统综述表明,母亲ACEs暴露与子代儿童外化问题有关,但与儿童内化问题相关性的结果并不一致[14]。父母家庭功能障碍、性虐待、身体虐待、情感虐待、情感忽视、身体忽视、同伴欺凌和邻里不和睦等不良环境因素与子代儿童青少年外化行为问题发生存在相关性[15],但也有学者认为只有特定类型的ACEs与子代儿童青少年外化行为问题发生有关[16]。此外,研究还发现母亲ACEs暴露会增加子代儿童青少年精神疾病的发生,且二者存在剂量-效应关系[6, 17]。值得注意的是,父母同时暴露于ACEs时,其子代出现情绪和行为问题的风险高于单独暴露[18],且母亲ACEs暴露对女性子代健康的影响高于男性子代[19],说明父母ACEs对子代健康效应可能存在性别差异。
父母ACEs暴露可通过多种生物学机制影响子代健康:(1)遗传学机制。最近一项全基因关联研究发现了14个与ACEs暴露相关的遗传位点,采用孟德尔随机化研究显示ACEs暴露与抑郁、精神分裂症、多动障碍、自杀行为等存在因果关联;进一步家系研究显示ACEs相关遗传变异为主动的基因型/环境相关[20]。(2)表观遗传机制。ACEs暴露可能诱发表观遗传修饰的改变,如甲基化、小非编码RNA水平的变化,这种变化会持续影响子代的身心健康[21]。还有研究表明ACEs可改变皮质醇觉醒模式、炎性反应、生物衰老、端粒长度、肠道菌群、下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴和大脑的结构与功能发育,这些改变也可以通过遗传和表观遗传作用传递给下一代[6, 17, 22-23]。尽管如此,目前关于ACEs暴露跨代健康效应的生物学机制仍未被阐明,还需要开展更加深入和系统的研究。
情绪障碍,包括抑郁、焦虑、创伤后应激障碍,是父母ACEs与儿童健康结局关联的近端介质。Shih等[24]发现母亲焦虑中介了母亲ACEs与儿童内化行为的关系。亦有研究表明母亲孕产期抑郁也具有类似的中介作用,且相较于焦虑,孕产期抑郁的中介作用占比更大[25]。ACEs暴露也易促使父母采取消极教养方式,从而导致子女身心健康受损,但也有研究指出教养方式在两者的关联中并未发挥中介作用[25]。母亲有童年期虐待经历会增加其子代遭受虐待的风险,系统综述分析表明儿童创伤经历在母亲ACEs与儿童情绪行为问题间也起中介作用,中介效应占比为17%~47%[25]。
总体上,目前ACEs的跨代健康效应研究仍处于早期阶段,主要体现在:(1)研究数量较少,最近的系统综述仅检索出52篇相关研究[11],其中大部分研究集中在北美和欧洲,代表性有限;(2)随访周期不够长,大多数研究聚焦在父母ACEs对子代儿童青少年时期健康的影响;(3)关注的健康指标不够丰富,主要聚焦在生长发育和心理健康问题方面[11];(4)焦点失衡,多数聚焦于母亲ACEs暴露与子代儿童心理行为问题的关联,对父亲ACEs暴露与子代儿童青少年身心健康的关联探讨不足。
尽管已有多篇综述论文探讨了ACEs对个体健康效应的作用机制,但是关于ACEs的跨代作用机制仍未阐明。一方面,绝大多数研究为回顾性设计且对于ACEs暴露测量缺乏共识,加上多数研究的样本量有限,制约了因果关系的推断和各研究之间的可比性;另一方面,从父母的不良环境暴露到子代健康问题的出现有很长的时间跨度,这期间掺杂多种生物、心理、社会因素的影响,会使父母ACEs暴露与子代健康问题之间的关系复杂难辨。唯有深入开展相关的机制研究才能为该关联提供证据。
开展ACEs跨代健康效应研究及机制的核心意义在于揭示创伤代际传递的规律,为从根本上打破这一循环、促进代际健康公平提供科学基石。未来研究需聚焦三大方向:(1)机制上,应超越现象描述,深入剖析表观遗传、养育行为等路径的动态交互,并同时关注跨代韧性的保护性因素;(2)方法上,需借助跨代前瞻性队列与其他创新设计以厘清遗传、宫内及后天环境的独立效应,并强化ACEs暴露测量的精准性及样本的多样性;(3)所有研究须指向实践转化,将ACEs风险评估系统前置至产科与儿科,于孕期识别高危家庭;探索ACEs筛查与压力源干预协同机制,搭建风险识别至有效保护的临床框架,实施高风险父母早期干预;同步构建“创伤知情”的公共政策体系,实现创伤干预服务的公平可及,将科学认知转化为切实的预防力量,最终实现干预端口前移,造福后代。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(82373596)
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doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025309
  • 接收时间:2025-09-05
  • 首发时间:2026-11-06
  • 出版时间:2025-10-25
补充材料
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出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-05
  • 修回日期:2025-10-09
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(82373596)
作者信息
    1广东药科大学公共卫生学院,广州 510006
    2广州医科大学公共卫生学院,广州 510006
    3广州市疾病预防控制中心(广州市卫生监督所)基本公共卫生服务部,广州 510006
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgxxws/CN/10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025309
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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