Article(id=1325530187374543276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, issueId=1325530078536553117, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025264, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1738944000000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-08, revisedDate=1743955200000, revisedDateStr=2025-04-07, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793960623830, onlineDateStr=2026-11-06, pubDate=1758729600000, pubDateStr=2025-09-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793960623830, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793960623830, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793960623830, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1325530078536553117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, year='2025', volume='46', issue='9', pageStart='1217', pageEnd='1368', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1758729600000', pubDateStr='2025-09-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793960597879, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793960597879, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1262, endPage=1265, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1325530187596841389, articleId=1325530187374543276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=EN, title=Current status of indoor light-at-night exposure during sleep among children and adolescents in Shanghai, columnId=1259565859148804482, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of School Health, columnName=Health Education and Promotion, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To understand the indoor light-at-night (LAN) exposure intensity during sleep among children and adolescents in Shanghai, so as to provide a basis for exploring potential health risks and formulating effective interventions.

Methods

From April to December in 2024, a total of 628 students in grades 4-7 were recruited from three schools in Shanghai. A portable illuminance meter was used to measure LAN for one week, and participants recorded their sleep time. The Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for comparison between groups, and the error bar chart was used to show the trend and variation range of average LAN exposure intensity in different sleep periods.

Results

The indoor LAN exposure intensity of children and adolescents in Shanghai was [2.4(0.8, 5.9)lx] during sleep, and 28.8% of children and adolescents were exposed to indoor LAN≥5 lx. There was no significant differences in indoor LAN exposure intensity between boys [2.4(1.0, 5.9)lx] and girls [2.3(0.7, 5.9)lx] (Z=-0.86, P>0.05). The indoor LAN exposure intensity of primary school students [2.9(1.1, 6.6)lx] was higher than that of junior high school students [1.0(0.3, 3.1)lx] (Z=-5.87), and indoor LAN exposure intensity of students in the main urban area [3.2(1.1, 7.8)lx] was higher than that of rural students [1.6(0.5, 4.3)lx] (Z=-5.23)(both P < 0.05). The indoor LAN exposure intensity showed an overall decreasing trend during sleep of children and adolescents (tau=-0.81, P=0.02), with a slight increase before waking up.

Conclusions

Indoor LAN exposure intensity among children and adolescents in Shanghai is generally high, especially among primary school students and students living in the main urban area. Health policy and education should be strengthened to reduce the impact of LAN on children and adolescent health.

, authors=Shuangxiao QU1, Chunxia YAO2, Guiling GAO2, Dongling YANG1, Keyang ZHENG1, Shenglei HUANG1, Fengyun ZHANG*, 1, Chunyan LUO*, 1, authorsList=Shuangxiao QU, Chunxia YAO, Guiling GAO, Dongling YANG, Keyang ZHENG, Shenglei HUANG, Fengyun ZHANG, Chunyan LUO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Fengyun ZHANG, Chunyan LUO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Chinese Journal of School Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1325530189933068720, articleId=1325530187374543276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=CN, title=上海市儿童青少年睡眠期间室内夜间光暴露现况, columnId=1259565859903779205, journalTitle=中国学校卫生, columnName=健康教育与健康促进, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

了解上海市儿童青少年睡眠期间室内夜间光(LAN)暴露强度,为探究其潜在健康风险和制定有效的干预措施提供依据。

方法

2024年4—12月,在上海市3所学校招募628名四至七年级学生纳入研究。采用便携式照度计连续一周测量睡眠期间LAN强度,由调查对象自填睡眠时间。采用Kruskal-Wallis H检验进行组间比较,采用误差折线图显示学生不同睡眠时段的平均LAN暴露强度变化趋势及变异范围。

结果

上海市儿童青少年在睡眠期间室内LAN暴露强度为[2.4(0.8, 5.9)lx],28.8%的儿童青少年室内LAN暴露强度≥5 lx;男生[2.4(1.0, 5.9)lx]、女生[2.3(0.7, 5.9)lx]室内LAN暴露强度差异无统计学意义(Z=-0.86,P>0.05),小学生[2.9(1.1, 6.6)lx]高于初中生[1.0(0.3, 3.1)lx](Z=-5.87,P < 0.05),主城区学生[3.2(1.1, 7.8)lx]高于乡村学生[1.6(0.5, 4.3)lx](Z=-5.23,P < 0.05)。室内LAN暴露强度在儿童青少年睡眠期间总体呈下降趋势(tau=-0.81,P=0.02),在起床前有所回升。

结论

上海市儿童青少年睡眠期间LAN暴露强度较高,尤其是处于较低年龄段的小学生和主城区学生。需加强相关政策落实和健康教育,减少LAN对儿童青少年健康的影响。

, authors=曲爽笑1, 姚春霞2, 高桂玲2, 杨东玲1, 郑柯炀1, 黄生垒1, 张凤云*, 1, 罗春燕*, 1, authorsList=曲爽笑, 姚春霞, 高桂玲, 杨东玲, 郑柯炀, 黄生垒, 张凤云, 罗春燕, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=张凤云, 罗春燕, authorNote=

曲爽笑(1990-),女,山东烟台人,硕士,主管医师,主要研究方向为环境与儿童青少年健康

, correspAuthorsNote=
张凤云,E-mail:
罗春燕,E-mail:
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曲爽笑(1990-),女,山东烟台人,硕士,主管医师,主要研究方向为环境与儿童青少年健康

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注:折线图中竖线表示误差范围。

, figureFileSmall=+XL0hqiWomIAP8CG8JA8uw==, figureFileBig=DB2JweFYBhV5lrk47cRs9A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325530195150782954, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530187374543276, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Composition ratios of indoor LAN exposure intensity at different times among children and adolescents in Shanghai(n=628)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时段< 1 lx1~ < 3 lx3~ < 5 lx5~ < 10 lx≥10 lx
睡眠期间175(27.9)177(28.2)95(15.1)80(12.7)101(16.1)
21:00—次日7:0076(12.1)131(20.9)97(15.4)157(25.0)167(26.6)
入睡前1 h36(5.7)44(7.0)33(5.3)72(11.5)443(70.5)
入睡后1 h150(23.9)69(11.0)42(6.7)92(14.6)275(43.8)
入睡后2 h166(26.5)90(14.3)66(10.5)88(14.0)218(34.7)
入睡后3 h190(30.2)110(17.5)64(10.2)94(15.0)170(27.1)
入睡后4 h207(33.0)123(19.6)67(10.7)95(15.1)136(21.6)
起床前2 h284(45.2)120(19.1)49(7.8)73(11.6)102(16.3)
起床前1 h247(39.3)101(16.1)53(8.4)78(12.5)149(23.7)
), ArticleFig(id=1325530195226280427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530187374543276, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

上海市儿童青少年不同时段室内LAN暴露强度构成比(n=628)

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时段< 1 lx1~ < 3 lx3~ < 5 lx5~ < 10 lx≥10 lx
睡眠期间175(27.9)177(28.2)95(15.1)80(12.7)101(16.1)
21:00—次日7:0076(12.1)131(20.9)97(15.4)157(25.0)167(26.6)
入睡前1 h36(5.7)44(7.0)33(5.3)72(11.5)443(70.5)
入睡后1 h150(23.9)69(11.0)42(6.7)92(14.6)275(43.8)
入睡后2 h166(26.5)90(14.3)66(10.5)88(14.0)218(34.7)
入睡后3 h190(30.2)110(17.5)64(10.2)94(15.0)170(27.1)
入睡后4 h207(33.0)123(19.6)67(10.7)95(15.1)136(21.6)
起床前2 h284(45.2)120(19.1)49(7.8)73(11.6)102(16.3)
起床前1 h247(39.3)101(16.1)53(8.4)78(12.5)149(23.7)
), ArticleFig(id=1325530195301777900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530187374543276, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Comparison of indoor LAN exposure intensity in different groups of children and adolescents in Shanghai[M(P25, P75), lx]

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组别选项人数统计值睡眠期间21:00—次日7:00
性别男3142.4(1.0, 5.9)5.3(2.4, 10.7)
女3142.3(0.7, 5.9)5.2(1.9, 10.2)
Z值-0.86-1.08
P值0.390.28
学段小学4992.9(1.1, 6.6)5.5(2.3, 10.7)
初中1291.0(0.3, 3.1)4.0(1.3, 8.9)
Z值-5.87-2.38
P值< 0.010.02
地区主城区3683.2(1.1, 7.8)5.6(2.4, 11.1)
乡村2601.6(0.5, 4.3)4.6(1.9, 9.2)
Z值-5.23-2.07
P值< 0.01< 0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1325530195385663981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530187374543276, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

上海市不同组别儿童青少年室内LAN暴露强度比较[M(P25, P75),lx]

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组别选项人数统计值睡眠期间21:00—次日7:00
性别男3142.4(1.0, 5.9)5.3(2.4, 10.7)
女3142.3(0.7, 5.9)5.2(1.9, 10.2)
Z值-0.86-1.08
P值0.390.28
学段小学4992.9(1.1, 6.6)5.5(2.3, 10.7)
初中1291.0(0.3, 3.1)4.0(1.3, 8.9)
Z值-5.87-2.38
P值< 0.010.02
地区主城区3683.2(1.1, 7.8)5.6(2.4, 11.1)
乡村2601.6(0.5, 4.3)4.6(1.9, 9.2)
Z值-5.23-2.07
P值< 0.01< 0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1325530195456967150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530187374543276, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Comparison of detection rates of indoor LAN high exposure in different groups of children and adolescents in Shanghai

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别选项人数统计值睡眠期间21:00—次日7:00
性别男31489(28.3)164(52.2)
女31493(29.6)160(51.0)
χ2值0.120.10
P值0.730.75
学段小学499159(31.9)266(53.3)
初中12923(17.8)58(45.0)
χ2值9.812.86
P值< 0.010.09
地区主城区368128(34.8)203(55.2)
乡村26054(20.8)121(46.5)
χ2值14.544.54
P值< 0.010.03
), ArticleFig(id=1325530195528270319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530187374543276, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

上海市不同组别儿童青少年室内LAN高暴露检出率比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别选项人数统计值睡眠期间21:00—次日7:00
性别男31489(28.3)164(52.2)
女31493(29.6)160(51.0)
χ2值0.120.10
P值0.730.75
学段小学499159(31.9)266(53.3)
初中12923(17.8)58(45.0)
χ2值9.812.86
P值< 0.010.09
地区主城区368128(34.8)203(55.2)
乡村26054(20.8)121(46.5)
χ2值14.544.54
P值< 0.010.03
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上海市儿童青少年睡眠期间室内夜间光暴露现况
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曲爽笑 1 , 姚春霞 2 , 高桂玲 2 , 杨东玲 1 , 郑柯炀 1 , 黄生垒 1 , 张凤云 *, 1 , 罗春燕 *, 1
中国学校卫生 | 健康教育与健康促进 2025,46(9): 1262-1265
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中国学校卫生 |健康教育与健康促进 2025 , 46 (9) : 1262 -1265
上海市儿童青少年睡眠期间室内夜间光暴露现况
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曲爽笑(1990-),女,山东烟台人,硕士,主管医师,主要研究方向为环境与儿童青少年健康

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曲爽笑(1990-),女,山东烟台人,硕士,主管医师,主要研究方向为环境与儿童青少年健康

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曲爽笑1, 姚春霞2, 高桂玲2, 杨东玲1, 郑柯炀1, 黄生垒1, 张凤云*, 1 , 罗春燕*, 1
作者信息
  • 1上海市疾病预防控制中心儿童青少年健康所,201107
  • 2上海市松江区疾病预防控制中心学校卫生科
通讯作者:
张凤云,E-mail:
罗春燕,E-mail:
作者简介:

曲爽笑(1990-),女,山东烟台人,硕士,主管医师,主要研究方向为环境与儿童青少年健康

Current status of indoor light-at-night exposure during sleep among children and adolescents in Shanghai
Shuangxiao QU1, Chunxia YAO2, Guiling GAO2, Dongling YANG1, Keyang ZHENG1, Shenglei HUANG1, Fengyun ZHANG*, 1 , Chunyan LUO*, 1
Affiliations
  • 1Division of Child and Adolescent Health, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 201107, China
出版时间: 2025-09-25 doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025264
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目的

了解上海市儿童青少年睡眠期间室内夜间光(LAN)暴露强度,为探究其潜在健康风险和制定有效的干预措施提供依据。

方法

2024年4—12月,在上海市3所学校招募628名四至七年级学生纳入研究。采用便携式照度计连续一周测量睡眠期间LAN强度,由调查对象自填睡眠时间。采用Kruskal-Wallis H检验进行组间比较,采用误差折线图显示学生不同睡眠时段的平均LAN暴露强度变化趋势及变异范围。

结果

上海市儿童青少年在睡眠期间室内LAN暴露强度为[2.4(0.8, 5.9)lx],28.8%的儿童青少年室内LAN暴露强度≥5 lx;男生[2.4(1.0, 5.9)lx]、女生[2.3(0.7, 5.9)lx]室内LAN暴露强度差异无统计学意义(Z=-0.86,P>0.05),小学生[2.9(1.1, 6.6)lx]高于初中生[1.0(0.3, 3.1)lx](Z=-5.87,P < 0.05),主城区学生[3.2(1.1, 7.8)lx]高于乡村学生[1.6(0.5, 4.3)lx](Z=-5.23,P < 0.05)。室内LAN暴露强度在儿童青少年睡眠期间总体呈下降趋势(tau=-0.81,P=0.02),在起床前有所回升。

结论

上海市儿童青少年睡眠期间LAN暴露强度较高,尤其是处于较低年龄段的小学生和主城区学生。需加强相关政策落实和健康教育,减少LAN对儿童青少年健康的影响。

睡眠  /  光  /  环境暴露  /  儿童  /  青少年
Objective

To understand the indoor light-at-night (LAN) exposure intensity during sleep among children and adolescents in Shanghai, so as to provide a basis for exploring potential health risks and formulating effective interventions.

Methods

From April to December in 2024, a total of 628 students in grades 4-7 were recruited from three schools in Shanghai. A portable illuminance meter was used to measure LAN for one week, and participants recorded their sleep time. The Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for comparison between groups, and the error bar chart was used to show the trend and variation range of average LAN exposure intensity in different sleep periods.

Results

The indoor LAN exposure intensity of children and adolescents in Shanghai was [2.4(0.8, 5.9)lx] during sleep, and 28.8% of children and adolescents were exposed to indoor LAN≥5 lx. There was no significant differences in indoor LAN exposure intensity between boys [2.4(1.0, 5.9)lx] and girls [2.3(0.7, 5.9)lx] (Z=-0.86, P>0.05). The indoor LAN exposure intensity of primary school students [2.9(1.1, 6.6)lx] was higher than that of junior high school students [1.0(0.3, 3.1)lx] (Z=-5.87), and indoor LAN exposure intensity of students in the main urban area [3.2(1.1, 7.8)lx] was higher than that of rural students [1.6(0.5, 4.3)lx] (Z=-5.23)(both P < 0.05). The indoor LAN exposure intensity showed an overall decreasing trend during sleep of children and adolescents (tau=-0.81, P=0.02), with a slight increase before waking up.

Conclusions

Indoor LAN exposure intensity among children and adolescents in Shanghai is generally high, especially among primary school students and students living in the main urban area. Health policy and education should be strengthened to reduce the impact of LAN on children and adolescent health.

Sleep  /  Light  /  Environmental exposure  /  Child  /  Adolescent
曲爽笑, 姚春霞, 高桂玲, 杨东玲, 郑柯炀, 黄生垒, 张凤云, 罗春燕. 上海市儿童青少年睡眠期间室内夜间光暴露现况. 中国学校卫生, 2025 , 46 (9) : 1262 -1265 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025264
Shuangxiao QU, Chunxia YAO, Guiling GAO, Dongling YANG, Keyang ZHENG, Shenglei HUANG, Fengyun ZHANG, Chunyan LUO. Current status of indoor light-at-night exposure during sleep among children and adolescents in Shanghai[J]. Chinese Journal of School Health, 2025 , 46 (9) : 1262 -1265 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025264
随着照明设备的广泛使用和电子信息技术的快速发展,室内夜间光照环境发生了巨大变化,人类社会普遍暴露于较强的夜间光(light-at-night, LAN)[1]。LAN暴露可能干扰神经和内分泌系统[2],已成为影响人体健康的重要因素。研究显示,LAN暴露与人群超重肥胖、抑郁、睡眠障碍、癌症、心血管疾病等相关[3-8]。儿童青少年处于生长发育的关键时期,其身体功能和生理节律对光环境因素更为敏感。现有研究大多数聚焦于成年人群,或采用卫星数据、主观报告等方法评估LAN水平[4]。本研究采用便携照度计客观测量并分析上海市儿童青少年睡眠期间室内LAN暴露现况,为下一步探究其潜在健康风险和制定有效的干预措施提供依据。
根据安徽省一项调查中19.1%的大学生LAN暴露强度≥5 lx(LAN高暴露率)[3],计算得样本量为611人。2024年4—12月,采用方便抽样方法在上海市抽取3个区(松江区、宝山区、闵行区),每个区抽取1所学校,在抽中的学校进行招募,最终招募658名四至七年级学生参与调查。研究对象纳入标准为自愿参加且能全程完成各项检测,排除标准为医疗机构诊断患有严重器质性疾病(如心脏病、糖尿病、肝炎、肾炎、哮喘、肺结核等)或严重心理障碍(如抑郁症、焦虑症、强迫症、精神分裂症等)等;再剔除30份无效和异常数据,最终纳入628名学生。年龄范围为9.2~14.7岁,平均(10.8±1.1)岁;男、女生各314名;小学生(四至五年级)499名,初中生(六至七年级)129名;主城区学生368名,乡村学生260名[根据《上海市城市总体规划(2017—2035年)》[9],宝山区、闵行区为主城区,松江区为乡村]。本研究获得上海市疾病预防控制中心伦理审查委员会的批准(批件号:KY-2024-24),所有调查对象及家长均签署知情同意书。
采用TES-1339R便携照度计(测量范围0.01~999 900 lx,泰仕电子工业股份有限公司,中国台湾)测量室内LAN暴露强度。由经过培训的调查对象及其家长将照度计放在枕头旁边,与眼睛位置齐平,照度计的光接收器朝上,且不被遮挡。照度计每分钟记录并存储1次数据,连续测量1周。若某个夜间测量照度值均为0,则该晚测量结果视为无效,予以剔除。若整个测量期间没有完整的2 d上学日和1 d周末数据,则该次测量无效。将平均LAN大于500 lx的数据视为异常,不予纳入[1]。
由学生和家长填写测量照度期间每天的睡眠情况,包括每天晚上就寝时间和次日早上起床时间。
调查人员和学生、家长、老师在调查前均经过统一培训,下发设备给调查对象时再次进行培训。采用型号统一的照度计,制作电子版和纸质版操作说明,纸质版随照度计一起发给学生和家长。建立调查小组联络群,发送电子版操作说明及操作视频,调查人员及班主任每天提醒调查对象及家长检查照度计是否正确放置,保证光接收器不被遮挡。回收照度计后逐一核对设备,并检查数据是否完整,若数据无效则重新测量。
采用SPSS 29.0、R 4.2.2统计软件进行数据处理、分析和图形绘制,经Kolmogorov-Smirnov法正态性检验,LAN暴露强度值不符合正态分布,采用M(P25, P75)描述不同时间段的LAN水平。具体包括睡眠期间(学生报告的就寝时间到起床时间)、入睡前1 h、入睡后1 h、入睡后2 h、入睡后3 h、入睡后4 h、起床前2 h、起床前1 h;21:00到次日7:00期间,计算每个时间段的平均值,并按 < 1,1~ < 3,3~ < 5,5~ < 10,≥10 lx的人数(百分比)进行分类描述[10];采用Kruskal-Wallis H检验比较不同亚组LAN水平。以5 lx为界点将LAN暴露分为高暴露组(≥5 lx)和低暴露组(< 5 lx)[3],采用χ2检验比较组间分布差异。采用误差折线图显示不同睡眠时段的平均LAN暴露强度变化趋势及变异范围。以P < 0.05为有统计学意义。
儿童青少年就寝中位时间为21:45,起床中位时间为6:45。睡眠期间室内LAN暴露强度中位数为2.4(0.8,5.9)lx,28.8%(181名)的儿童青少年LAN暴露强度≥5 lx。入睡后室内LAN暴露强度中位数随时间逐渐降低[入睡前1 h为22.5(7.5, 53.5)lx,入睡后1 h为7.2(1.2, 25.6)lx,入睡后2 h为4.7(0.9, 15.2)lx,入睡后3 h为3.4(0.7, 11.0)lx,入睡后4 h为2.6(0.5, 8.6)lx,起床前2 h为1.3(0.2, 5.6)lx],至起床前1 h[2.3(0.3, 9.6)lx]有所升高。在21:00至次日7:00期间,室内LAN暴露强度的中位数为5.3(2.2,10.6)lx,51.6%(324名)的儿童青少年室内LAN暴露强度≥5 lx。见表1。
男、女生睡眠期间和21:00—次日7:00期间室内LAN暴露强度中位数与LAN暴露强度≥5 lx检出率差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。小学生睡眠期间室内LAN暴露强度中位数为2.9 lx,LAN暴露强度≥5 lx的检出率为31.9%,均高于初中生的1.0 lx、17.8%,差异均有统计学意义(P值均 < 0.05)。在21:00到次日7:00期间,小学生室内LAN暴露强度中位数为5.5 lx,高于初中生的4.0 lx,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05);小学生室内LAN暴露强度≥5 lx的检出率为53.3%,高于初中生的45.0%,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。主城区学生睡眠期间和21:00—次日7:00期间室内LAN暴露强度中位数、LAN暴露强度≥5 lx的检出率均高于乡村学生,差异均有统计学意义(P值均 < 0.05)。见表2~3。
上海市室内LAN暴露强度在儿童青少年睡眠期间总体呈下降趋势(tau=-0.81,P=0.02),在起床前有所回升。在入睡后2 h前,男生室内LAN暴露强度略高于女生,至入睡后3~4 h略低于女生,其后基本持平。小学生在入睡后4 h前的室内LAN暴露强度高于初中生,随后基本持平。主城区学生在入睡后3 h前的室内LAN暴露强度高于乡村学生,其后乡村学生的室内LAN暴露强度高于主城区学生。见图1。
本研究结果显示,上海市儿童青少年睡眠期间室内LAN暴露强度的中位数为2.4 lx,21:00到次日7:00期间的LAN暴露强度中位数为5.3 lx。北京市897名6~14岁儿童青少年睡眠和21:00到次日7:00期间的LAN暴露水平分别为2.1和5.1 lx[10],与本次调查结果相近。相比之下,高于安徽省滁州市648名儿童睡眠期间平均LAN暴露(1.1 lx)[11]和荷兰一项对256名11~13岁儿童青少年的研究(室内LAN中位强度为1.4 lx)[12]。可能由于北京和上海均为中国经济发展水平较高的城市,室外LAN水平高于其他地区[13]。本研究中,乡村儿童青少年室内LAN暴露强度为1.6 lx,与我国安徽地区[11]和荷兰[12]的调查结果相近,但低于主城区的3.2 lx。此外,乡村学生起床前1 h的室内LAN暴露强度高于主城区学生,可能与乡村学生家庭起床更早或未安装有效的遮光窗帘有关,具体原因还需进一步研究。
北京市对儿童青少年的调查显示,女生LAN的暴露水平高于男生[10];而安徽一项对大学生的调查显示,男生LAN强度为1.5 lx,高于女生的1.1 lx[3]。可能由于儿童青少年尚未成年,出于安全和装饰的原因,女生使用夜灯的频率更高,所以女生的LAN暴露水平高于男生[14];而在大学生中,男生更倾向于晚上使用电子设备,可能更多暴露于LAN[15]。本研究未发现室内LAN暴露强度有性别差异,未来还需在更多地区和年龄段样本中开展研究,进一步探索LAN暴露的性别差异。本研究还发现,小学生睡眠期间LAN暴露强度高于初中生,与北京[10]的调查结果一致。与我国安徽省大学生(1.1 lx)[16]和日本成年人(1.0 lx)[7]的室内LAN暴露强度相比,儿童青少年LAN暴露强度较高。可能由于低年龄段学生缺乏安全感[17],睡觉时需要开灯,因此LAN暴露平均水平较高。
室内LAN暴露强度在儿童青少年入睡后前3 h呈较高水平,调查对象自我报告中位就寝时间为21:45,卧室内LAN主要来源于室外。有研究显示,户外LED屏幕、广告牌、车灯信号是LAN污染的主要来源[1];而城市商场、店铺等营业时间一般至22:00,最晚至凌晨,与本研究中LAN高水平暴露时段一致。
本研究存在一定的局限性:(1)光暴露测量于研究对象上学时进行,未包含寒暑假,因生活作息、居住环境可能发生变化,上学期间和寒暑假的光暴露可能有较大差异。(2)光暴露数据收集时间横跨上、下两个学期,可能受到季节变化、学校和家庭环境变化等影响。(3)照度计固定放置于卧室床头,若研究对象夜间临时离开卧室,无法获取相关暴露情况。(4)入睡前照度值及蓝光等远高于睡觉期间,其对昼夜节律的影响更大[18],后续研究有必要增加天黑至入睡前室内光暴露和光谱能量分布的测量[19]。
本研究揭示了上海市儿童青少年睡眠期间室内LAN暴露强度较高,尤其是处于较低年龄段的小学生和主城区学生。既往研究表明,LAN暴露与儿童青少年的多种不良健康结果相关,如睡眠障碍、心理问题、性发育[20]、肥胖和代谢疾病等,其机制可能与LAN抑制松果体夜间褪黑激素分泌、改变昼夜节律并改变昼夜行为有关[21]。与成人相比,儿童青少年各项功能尚未发育成熟,处于生长发育的快速阶段,其昼夜节律系统对光照具有更高的敏感性,更容易受到LAN暴露的不良影响[22-23]。相关部门有必要加强对室外光环境的监管和改善,从事卫生和健康教育者需加强对学校老师、父母、学生的宣传教育,如使用遮光窗帘、减少夜间长时间和不必要的光照使用,提高社会对LAN污染的重视,减少儿童青少年LAN暴露,促进儿童青少年健康。
  • 上海市加强公共卫生体系建设三年行动计划优青项目(2023—2025年)(GWVI-11.2-YQ26)
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2025年第46卷第9期
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doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025264
  • 接收时间:2025-02-08
  • 首发时间:2026-11-06
  • 出版时间:2025-09-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-08
  • 修回日期:2025-04-07
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上海市加强公共卫生体系建设三年行动计划优青项目(2023—2025年)(GWVI-11.2-YQ26)
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    1上海市疾病预防控制中心儿童青少年健康所,201107
    2上海市松江区疾病预防控制中心学校卫生科

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