Article(id=1325530120374734867, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, issueId=1325530078536553117, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025279, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1740499200000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-26, revisedDate=1751212800000, revisedDateStr=2025-06-30, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793960607855, onlineDateStr=2026-11-06, pubDate=1758729600000, pubDateStr=2025-09-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793960607855, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793960607855, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793960607855, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1325530078536553117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, year='2025', volume='46', issue='9', pageStart='1217', pageEnd='1368', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1758729600000', pubDateStr='2025-09-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793960597879, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793960597879, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1257, endPage=1261, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1325530120584450068, articleId=1325530120374734867, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=EN, title=Follow-up analysis on the relationship between 24-hour movement behaviors and physical fitness in preschool children, columnId=1259565859148804482, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of School Health, columnName=Health Education and Promotion, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between 24-hour movement behaviors and physical fitness in preschool children, and to adopt the method of equal time substitution analysis to evaluate the impact of time redistribution of different activity behaviors on physical fitness scores, so as to provide a scientific basis for promoting the health of preschool children.

Methods

A total of 193 preschool children aged 3-6 years were selected from three Shanghai districts (Jing'an, Baoshan, Jiading) from October to December 2023 by the stratified cluster random sampling method. The 24-hour movement behaviors were monitored via 7-day accelerometry, and physical fitness was measured according to the National Physical Fitness Measurement Standards (Revised 2023, preschool section). From October to December 2024, the follow-up of physical fitness among preschool children used the same testing method. The comparison between groups was conducted by t-test. Compositional regression analyses evaluated the relationship of 24-hour movement behaviors and physical fitness among preschool children.

Results

At baseline, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) time was significantly higher in boys [(84.10±25.78)min/d] than in girls [(70.44±25.98)min/d]; the composite physical fitness score was significantly higher in boys (71.65±8.69) than in girls (68.84±9.89), and the differences were statistically significant (t=3.65, 2.10, both P < 0.01). After adjusting for gender, age and body mass index, the results of component multiple linear regression analysis showed that MVPA time proportion was positively correlated with the composite physical fitness score at baseline among preschool children (β=6.61), but was negatively correlated with two-legged continuous hopping time at 1 year (β=-1.12) (both P < 0.05). Light physical activity (LPA) time proportion was negatively correlated with walking on the balance beam time at 1 year (β=-4.44), and sedentary behavior (SB) time proportion was negatively correlated with the composite score of physical fitness at baseline (β=-6.55) (both P < 0.05). Isotemporal substitution analysis revealed that replacing 10 minutes of sleep (SP), SB, and LPA with MVPA increased the baseline physical fitness composite score by 0.750, 0.689 and 0.575 units, respectively; at 1-year follow-up, the composite score increased by 1.440, 1.419 and 1.430 units, respectively (all P < 0.05). Conversely, replacing MVPA with 10 minutes of SP, SB, and LPA, resulted in decreases in baseline physical fitness composite scores of 0.836, 0.777 and 0.669 units, and reductions of 1.613, 1.592 and 1.598 units at 1-year follow-up (all P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Preschool children's 24-hour movement behaviors, especially MVPA, are closely related to physical health. Implementing appropriate strategies to increase physical activity and reduce sedentary time may improve the physical fitness of preschoolers.

, authors=Lanzhi CHEN1, Junyu WANG1, Yixin LIANG1, Tian WANG1, Haiquan HUANG1, Jie ZHUANG*, 1, 2, authorsList=Lanzhi CHEN, Junyu WANG, Yixin LIANG, Tian WANG, Haiquan HUANG, Jie ZHUANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jie ZHUANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Chinese Journal of School Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1325530121054212117, articleId=1325530120374734867, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=CN, title=学龄前儿童24 h活动行为和体质健康关系的追踪分析, columnId=1259565859903779205, journalTitle=中国学校卫生, columnName=健康教育与健康促进, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探讨学龄前儿童24 h活动行为和体质健康之间的横向和纵向联系,并采用等时替代分析法评估不同活动行为时间重新分配后对体质健康得分的影响,为促进学龄前儿童健康提供科学依据。

方法

2023年10—12月,采用分层整群随机抽样方法从上海市静安、宝山和嘉定3个区共抽取193名3~6岁儿童,使用加速度计监测其一周的活动行为,并通过《国民体质测定标准(2023年修订)》(幼儿部分)测试学龄前儿童的体质健康状况;2024年10—12月,使用相同测试方法追踪调查学龄前儿童体质健康状况。组间比较采用t检验,采用成分多元线性回归模型分析学龄前儿童24 h活动行为与体质健康的关系。

结果

基线阶段男童中高强度身体活动(MVPA)时间[(84.10±25.78)min/d]高于女童[(70.44±25.98)min/d],男童体质健康综合得分(71.65±8.69)高于女童(68.84±9.89),差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为3.65,2.10,P值均 < 0.01)。在调整性别、年龄、体质量指数后,成分多元线性回归分析结果显示,学龄前儿童MVPA时间占比与基线的体质健康综合得分呈正相关(β=6.61)、与1年后的双脚连续跳时间呈负相关(β=-1.12),低强度身体活动(LPA)时间占比与1年后的走平衡木时间呈负相关(β=-4.44),久坐行为(SB)时间占比与基线的体质健康综合得分呈负相关(β=-6.55)(P值均 < 0.05)。等时替代分析显示,以10 min MVPA替代睡眠(SP)、SB和LPA,基线体质健康综合得分分别提高0.750,0.689和0.575个单位,1年后分别提高1.440,1.419和1.430个单位;以10 min SP、SB和LPA替代MVPA,基线体质健康综合得分分别降低0.836,0.777和0.669个单位,1年后分别降低1.613,1.592和1.598个单位(P值均 < 0.05)。

结论

学龄前儿童的24 h活动行为,尤其是MVPA与体质健康密切相关。适当采取措施增加学龄前儿童身体活动时间、减少久坐时间,可以改善学龄前儿童的体质健康。

, authors=陈澜之1, 王俊宇1, 梁译心1, 王天1, 黄海全1, 庄洁*, 1, 2, authorsList=陈澜之, 王俊宇, 梁译心, 王天, 黄海全, 庄洁, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=庄洁, authorNote=

陈澜之(2000-),女,贵州贵阳人,在读硕士,主要研究方向为运动健康促进

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庄洁,E-mail:
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Comparison of body morphology, 24-hour activity behavior time and physical fitness test indexes among different genders of preschool children at baseline(x±s)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性别人数身体形态指标24 h活动行为时间/min
身高/cm体重/kgBMI/(kg·m-2)SBLPA*MVPASP
男106110.08±6.2119.51±3.6515.99±1.75546.04±152.6291.02(79.00, 107.70)84.10±25.78587.40±61.59
女87107.05±5.7717.78±2.4615.47±1.23538.02±166.6385.21(75.00, 93.11)70.44±25.98597.76±68.81
t/Z值3.483.912.440.35-0.883.65-1.10
P值< 0.01< 0.010.020.730.38< 0.010.27
性别人数体质健康测试指标
握力/kg坐位体前屈/cm*立定跳远/cm双脚连续跳/s15 m绕障碍跑/s走平衡木/s*体质健康综合得分
男1069.09±2.548.05(4.00, 12.40)83.06±20.247.66±3.048.97±2.136.20(4.30, 11.28)71.65±8.69
女877.38±2.1411.00(6.90, 14.20)74.92±18.678.05±2.629.34±2.006.30(4.30, 11.20)68.84±9.89
t/Z值5.02-2.822.88-0.95-1.23-1.092.10
P值< 0.01< 0.01< 0.010.340.220.270.04
), ArticleFig(id=1325530123902144581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530120374734867, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同性别学龄前儿童基线身体形态、24 h活动行为时间及体质健康测试指标比较(x±s)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性别人数身体形态指标24 h活动行为时间/min
身高/cm体重/kgBMI/(kg·m-2)SBLPA*MVPASP
男106110.08±6.2119.51±3.6515.99±1.75546.04±152.6291.02(79.00, 107.70)84.10±25.78587.40±61.59
女87107.05±5.7717.78±2.4615.47±1.23538.02±166.6385.21(75.00, 93.11)70.44±25.98597.76±68.81
t/Z值3.483.912.440.35-0.883.65-1.10
P值< 0.01< 0.010.020.730.38< 0.010.27
性别人数体质健康测试指标
握力/kg坐位体前屈/cm*立定跳远/cm双脚连续跳/s15 m绕障碍跑/s走平衡木/s*体质健康综合得分
男1069.09±2.548.05(4.00, 12.40)83.06±20.247.66±3.048.97±2.136.20(4.30, 11.28)71.65±8.69
女877.38±2.1411.00(6.90, 14.20)74.92±18.678.05±2.629.34±2.006.30(4.30, 11.20)68.84±9.89
t/Z值5.02-2.822.88-0.95-1.23-1.092.10
P值< 0.01< 0.01< 0.010.340.220.270.04
), ArticleFig(id=1325530123990224966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530120374734867, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Component linear regression of 24-hour active behavior time percentage and physical fitness at baseline and one year later in preschool children(n=193)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因变量自变量基线1年后基线与1年后的差异
β值P值β值P值β值P值
握力MVPA0.980.081.080.380.090.12
LPA-0.470.100.100.890.57< 0.01
SB-0.650.35-1.610.34-0.97< 0.01
SP-0.310.80-2.520.44-2.21< 0.01
坐位体前屈MVPA1.220.260.230.84-0.99< 0.01
LPA-0.950.09-1.320.05-0.370.06
SB-0.790.551.330.412.11< 0.01
SP0.990.671.720.580.730.08
立定跳远MVPA10.980.046.870.10-4.11< 0.01
LPA-0.920.67-0.910.710.020.86
SB-11.670.04-8.400.15-3.27< 0.01
SP-29.42< 0.01-20.270.07-9.15< 0.01
双脚连续跳MVPA-2.36< 0.01-1.120.04-1.25< 0.01
LPA1.00< 0.010.100.770.91< 0.01
SB1.680.061.350.090.330.18
SP3.600.032.960.050.64< 0.01
15 m绕障碍跑MVPA-0.230.62-0.130.61-0.100.34
LPA-0.120.62-0.040.76-0.070.19
SB0.250.670.200.570.050.40
SP0.620.540.160.812.34< 0.01
走平衡木MVPA-8.07< 0.01-0.240.93-7.83< 0.01
LPA-0.350.81-4.44< 0.01-4.09< 0.01
SB9.88< 0.014.990.184.89< 0.01
SP19.13< 0.015.970.4013.17< 0.01
体质健康综合得分MVPA6.61< 0.011.360.525.25< 0.01
LPA-0.340.77-0.780.53-0.44< 0.01
SB-6.550.04-0.340.91-6.21< 0.01
SP-15.45< 0.01-6.340.26-9.11< 0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1325530124069916743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530120374734867, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

学龄前儿童24 h活动行为时间占比与基线及1年后体质健康的成分线性回归分析(n=193)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因变量自变量基线1年后基线与1年后的差异
β值P值β值P值β值P值
握力MVPA0.980.081.080.380.090.12
LPA-0.470.100.100.890.57< 0.01
SB-0.650.35-1.610.34-0.97< 0.01
SP-0.310.80-2.520.44-2.21< 0.01
坐位体前屈MVPA1.220.260.230.84-0.99< 0.01
LPA-0.950.09-1.320.05-0.370.06
SB-0.790.551.330.412.11< 0.01
SP0.990.671.720.580.730.08
立定跳远MVPA10.980.046.870.10-4.11< 0.01
LPA-0.920.67-0.910.710.020.86
SB-11.670.04-8.400.15-3.27< 0.01
SP-29.42< 0.01-20.270.07-9.15< 0.01
双脚连续跳MVPA-2.36< 0.01-1.120.04-1.25< 0.01
LPA1.00< 0.010.100.770.91< 0.01
SB1.680.061.350.090.330.18
SP3.600.032.960.050.64< 0.01
15 m绕障碍跑MVPA-0.230.62-0.130.61-0.100.34
LPA-0.120.62-0.040.76-0.070.19
SB0.250.670.200.570.050.40
SP0.620.540.160.812.34< 0.01
走平衡木MVPA-8.07< 0.01-0.240.93-7.83< 0.01
LPA-0.350.81-4.44< 0.01-4.09< 0.01
SB9.88< 0.014.990.184.89< 0.01
SP19.13< 0.015.970.4013.17< 0.01
体质健康综合得分MVPA6.61< 0.011.360.525.25< 0.01
LPA-0.340.77-0.780.53-0.44< 0.01
SB-6.550.04-0.340.91-6.21< 0.01
SP-15.45< 0.01-6.340.26-9.11< 0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1325530124149608520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530120374734867, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Change in predicted value of 10 min redistribution of 24-hour active behavior and baseline physical fitness test index(n=193)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
体质健康测试指标SP↑SB↑
SB↓LPA↓MVPA↓SP↓LPA↓MVPA↓
握力0.027(-0.014~0.068)0.046(-0.018~0.110)-0.087(-0.218~0.043)-0.027(-0.068~0.014)0.019(-0.016~0.054)-0.114(-0.242~0.014)
坐位体前屈0.042(-0.037~0.120)0.092(-0.031~0.215)-0.097(-0.347~0.154)-0.042(-0.120~0.037)0.050(-0.017~0.118)-0.138(-0.384~0.108)
立定跳远-0.270(-0.582~0.042)-0.481(-0.969~0.008)-1.543(-2.538~-0.547)**0.273(-0.039~0.586)-0.211(-0.478~0.057)-1.273(-2.249~-0.297)*
双脚连续跳0.017(-0.034~0.069)0.001(-0.080~0.082)0.286(0.121~0.451)**-0.018(-0.070~0.034)-0.016(-0.061~0.028)0.268(0.106~0.430)**
15 m绕障碍跑-0.004(-0.038~0.030)0.007(-0.046~0.060)0.026(-0.083~0.134)0.004(-0.030~0.038)0.011(-0.018~0.040)0.030(-0.077~0.136)
走平衡木0.073(-0.138~0.284)0.260(-0.071~0.590)1.029(0.355~1.703)**-0.075(-0.287~0.136)0.186(0.005~0.367)*0.956(0.295~1.616)**
体质健康综合得分-0.059(-0.228~0.110)-0.173(-0.438~0.092)-0.836(-1.376~-0.297)**0.061(-0.108~0.230)-0.113(-0.258~0.032)-0.777(-1.305~-0.248)**
体质健康测试指标LPA↑MVPA↑
SP↓SB↓MVPA↓SP↓SB↓LPA↓
握力-0.044(-0.105~0.018)-0.017(-0.049~0.016)-0.131(-0.260~-0.003)*0.076(-0.041~0.193)0.103(-0.011~0.217)0.122(0.006~0.239)*
坐位体前屈-0.087(-0.206~0.031)-0.045(-0.108~0.017)-0.184(-0.431~0.064)0.083(-0.142~0.307)0.125(-0.095~0.344)0.175(-0.049~0.399)
立定跳远0.468(-0.002~0.938)0.194(-0.054~0.441)-1.079(-2.060~-0.097)*1.393(0.502~2.285)**1.119(0.248~1.990)*0.909(0.020~1.798)*
双脚连续跳-0.003(-0.081~0.075)0.015(-0.026~0.056)0.283(0.120~0.446)**-0.255(-0.403~-0.107)**-0.237(-0.382~-0.093)**-0.254(-0.401~-0.106)**
15 m绕障碍跑-0.007(-0.058~0.045)-0.011(-0.038~0.016)0.019(-0.088~0.126)-0.023(-0.120~0.074)-0.027(-0.122~0.068)-0.016(-0.113~0.081)
走平衡木-0.251(-0.569~0.067)-0.177(-0.344~-0.009)*0.779(0.115~1.444)*-0.923(-1.527~-0.320)**-0.849(-1.438~-0.259)**-0.662(-1.264~-0.060)*
体质健康综合得分0.168(-0.086~0.423)0.108(-0.026~0.242)-0.669(-1.201~-0.137)*0.750(0.267~1.233)**0.689(0.217~1.161)**0.575(0.094~1.057)*
), ArticleFig(id=1325530124233494601, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530120374734867, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

学龄前儿童24 h活动行为10 min重新分配与基线体质健康测试指标预测值变化(n=193)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
体质健康测试指标SP↑SB↑
SB↓LPA↓MVPA↓SP↓LPA↓MVPA↓
握力0.027(-0.014~0.068)0.046(-0.018~0.110)-0.087(-0.218~0.043)-0.027(-0.068~0.014)0.019(-0.016~0.054)-0.114(-0.242~0.014)
坐位体前屈0.042(-0.037~0.120)0.092(-0.031~0.215)-0.097(-0.347~0.154)-0.042(-0.120~0.037)0.050(-0.017~0.118)-0.138(-0.384~0.108)
立定跳远-0.270(-0.582~0.042)-0.481(-0.969~0.008)-1.543(-2.538~-0.547)**0.273(-0.039~0.586)-0.211(-0.478~0.057)-1.273(-2.249~-0.297)*
双脚连续跳0.017(-0.034~0.069)0.001(-0.080~0.082)0.286(0.121~0.451)**-0.018(-0.070~0.034)-0.016(-0.061~0.028)0.268(0.106~0.430)**
15 m绕障碍跑-0.004(-0.038~0.030)0.007(-0.046~0.060)0.026(-0.083~0.134)0.004(-0.030~0.038)0.011(-0.018~0.040)0.030(-0.077~0.136)
走平衡木0.073(-0.138~0.284)0.260(-0.071~0.590)1.029(0.355~1.703)**-0.075(-0.287~0.136)0.186(0.005~0.367)*0.956(0.295~1.616)**
体质健康综合得分-0.059(-0.228~0.110)-0.173(-0.438~0.092)-0.836(-1.376~-0.297)**0.061(-0.108~0.230)-0.113(-0.258~0.032)-0.777(-1.305~-0.248)**
体质健康测试指标LPA↑MVPA↑
SP↓SB↓MVPA↓SP↓SB↓LPA↓
握力-0.044(-0.105~0.018)-0.017(-0.049~0.016)-0.131(-0.260~-0.003)*0.076(-0.041~0.193)0.103(-0.011~0.217)0.122(0.006~0.239)*
坐位体前屈-0.087(-0.206~0.031)-0.045(-0.108~0.017)-0.184(-0.431~0.064)0.083(-0.142~0.307)0.125(-0.095~0.344)0.175(-0.049~0.399)
立定跳远0.468(-0.002~0.938)0.194(-0.054~0.441)-1.079(-2.060~-0.097)*1.393(0.502~2.285)**1.119(0.248~1.990)*0.909(0.020~1.798)*
双脚连续跳-0.003(-0.081~0.075)0.015(-0.026~0.056)0.283(0.120~0.446)**-0.255(-0.403~-0.107)**-0.237(-0.382~-0.093)**-0.254(-0.401~-0.106)**
15 m绕障碍跑-0.007(-0.058~0.045)-0.011(-0.038~0.016)0.019(-0.088~0.126)-0.023(-0.120~0.074)-0.027(-0.122~0.068)-0.016(-0.113~0.081)
走平衡木-0.251(-0.569~0.067)-0.177(-0.344~-0.009)*0.779(0.115~1.444)*-0.923(-1.527~-0.320)**-0.849(-1.438~-0.259)**-0.662(-1.264~-0.060)*
体质健康综合得分0.168(-0.086~0.423)0.108(-0.026~0.242)-0.669(-1.201~-0.137)*0.750(0.267~1.233)**0.689(0.217~1.161)**0.575(0.094~1.057)*
), ArticleFig(id=1325530124317380682, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530120374734867, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Change in 10-minute substitution of 24-hour active behavior and predictive values of physical fitness at one year later in preschool children(n=193)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
体质健康测试指标SP↑SB↑
SB↓LPA↓MVPA↓SP↓LPA↓MVPA↓
握力-0.002(-0.124~0.120)-0.027(-0.177~0.123)-0.126(-0.440~0.188)0.002(-0.012~0.125)-0.025(-0.104~0.054)-0.124(-0.399~0.152)
坐位体前屈0.001(-0.015~0.118)0.082(-0.061~0.225)-0.004(-0.304~0.295)-0.002(-0.118~0.115)0.080(0.005~0.156)*-0.006(-0.268~0.257)
立定跳远-0.223(-0.646~0.199)-0.339(-0.857~0.179)-0.147(-2.132~0.038)0.225(-0.198~0.648)-0.116(-0.389~0.156)-0.825(-1.776~0.127)
双脚连续跳0.021(-0.035~0.078)0.039(-0.030~0.108)0.153(0.008~0.298)*-0.022(-0.078~0.035)0.018(-0.019~0.054)0.132(0.004~0.259)*
15 m绕障碍跑-0.006(-0.032~0.019)-0.004(-0.035~0.027)0.008(-0.057~0.072)0.006(-0.019~0.032)0.002(-0.014~0.018)0.014(-0.043~0.071)
走平衡木-0.082(-0.348~0.183)0.165(-0.161~0.490)-0.026(-0.708~0.656)0.082(-0.184~0.347)0.246(0.075~0.418)**0.055(-0.543~0.653)
体质健康综合得分-0.019(-0.239~0.200)-0.008(-0.277~0.260)-1.613(-2.175~-1.050)**0.022(-0.197~0.241)0.012(-0.129~0.154)-1.592(-2.085~-1.099)**
体质健康测试指标LPA↑MVPA↑
SP↓SB↓MVPA↓SP↓SB↓LPA↓
握力0.026(-0.119~0.171)0.024(-0.051~0.098)-0.100(-0.370~0.170)0.113(-0.171~0.397)0.111(-0.134~0.356)0.086(-0.156~0.328)
坐位体前屈-0.077(-0.216~0.061)-0.076(-0.147~-0.005)*-0.081(-0.339~0.176)0.003(-0.268~0.274)0.004(-0.230~0.238)0.085(-0.146~0.315)
立定跳远0.331(-0.171~0.832)0.105(-0.152~0.362)-0.719(-1.652~0.214)0.950(-0.032~1.932)0.724(-0.123~1.571)0.608(-0.227~1.444)
双脚连续跳-0.038(-0.105~0.029)-0.017(-0.051~0.018)0.115(-0.010~0.240)-0.138(-0.269~-0.007)*-0.116(-0.230~-0.003)*-0.099(-0.210~0.013)
15 m绕障碍跑0.004(-0.026~0.034)-0.002(-0.018~0.013)0.012(-0.044~0.067)-0.006(-0.065~0.052)-0.013(-0.063~0.038)-0.011(-0.061~0.039)
走平衡木-0.153(-0.468~0.163)-0.235(-0.397~-0.074)**-0.179(-0.765~0.407)0.025(-0.592~0.642)-0.058(-0.590~0.475)0.190(-0.335~0.715)
体质健康综合得分0.016(-0.244~0.276)-0.005(-0.139~0.128)-1.598(-2.082~-1.115)**1.440(0.931~1.949)**1.419(0.980~1.858)**1.430(0.997~1.863)**
), ArticleFig(id=1325530124397072459, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530120374734867, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

学龄前儿童24 h活动行为10 min替代与1年后体质健康预测值变化情况(n=193)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
体质健康测试指标SP↑SB↑
SB↓LPA↓MVPA↓SP↓LPA↓MVPA↓
握力-0.002(-0.124~0.120)-0.027(-0.177~0.123)-0.126(-0.440~0.188)0.002(-0.012~0.125)-0.025(-0.104~0.054)-0.124(-0.399~0.152)
坐位体前屈0.001(-0.015~0.118)0.082(-0.061~0.225)-0.004(-0.304~0.295)-0.002(-0.118~0.115)0.080(0.005~0.156)*-0.006(-0.268~0.257)
立定跳远-0.223(-0.646~0.199)-0.339(-0.857~0.179)-0.147(-2.132~0.038)0.225(-0.198~0.648)-0.116(-0.389~0.156)-0.825(-1.776~0.127)
双脚连续跳0.021(-0.035~0.078)0.039(-0.030~0.108)0.153(0.008~0.298)*-0.022(-0.078~0.035)0.018(-0.019~0.054)0.132(0.004~0.259)*
15 m绕障碍跑-0.006(-0.032~0.019)-0.004(-0.035~0.027)0.008(-0.057~0.072)0.006(-0.019~0.032)0.002(-0.014~0.018)0.014(-0.043~0.071)
走平衡木-0.082(-0.348~0.183)0.165(-0.161~0.490)-0.026(-0.708~0.656)0.082(-0.184~0.347)0.246(0.075~0.418)**0.055(-0.543~0.653)
体质健康综合得分-0.019(-0.239~0.200)-0.008(-0.277~0.260)-1.613(-2.175~-1.050)**0.022(-0.197~0.241)0.012(-0.129~0.154)-1.592(-2.085~-1.099)**
体质健康测试指标LPA↑MVPA↑
SP↓SB↓MVPA↓SP↓SB↓LPA↓
握力0.026(-0.119~0.171)0.024(-0.051~0.098)-0.100(-0.370~0.170)0.113(-0.171~0.397)0.111(-0.134~0.356)0.086(-0.156~0.328)
坐位体前屈-0.077(-0.216~0.061)-0.076(-0.147~-0.005)*-0.081(-0.339~0.176)0.003(-0.268~0.274)0.004(-0.230~0.238)0.085(-0.146~0.315)
立定跳远0.331(-0.171~0.832)0.105(-0.152~0.362)-0.719(-1.652~0.214)0.950(-0.032~1.932)0.724(-0.123~1.571)0.608(-0.227~1.444)
双脚连续跳-0.038(-0.105~0.029)-0.017(-0.051~0.018)0.115(-0.010~0.240)-0.138(-0.269~-0.007)*-0.116(-0.230~-0.003)*-0.099(-0.210~0.013)
15 m绕障碍跑0.004(-0.026~0.034)-0.002(-0.018~0.013)0.012(-0.044~0.067)-0.006(-0.065~0.052)-0.013(-0.063~0.038)-0.011(-0.061~0.039)
走平衡木-0.153(-0.468~0.163)-0.235(-0.397~-0.074)**-0.179(-0.765~0.407)0.025(-0.592~0.642)-0.058(-0.590~0.475)0.190(-0.335~0.715)
体质健康综合得分0.016(-0.244~0.276)-0.005(-0.139~0.128)-1.598(-2.082~-1.115)**1.440(0.931~1.949)**1.419(0.980~1.858)**1.430(0.997~1.863)**
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学龄前儿童24 h活动行为和体质健康关系的追踪分析
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陈澜之 1 , 王俊宇 1 , 梁译心 1 , 王天 1 , 黄海全 1 , 庄洁 *, 1, 2
中国学校卫生 | 健康教育与健康促进 2025,46(9): 1257-1261
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中国学校卫生 |健康教育与健康促进 2025 , 46 (9) : 1257 -1261
学龄前儿童24 h活动行为和体质健康关系的追踪分析
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陈澜之1, 王俊宇1, 梁译心1, 王天1, 黄海全1, 庄洁*, 1, 2
作者信息
  • 1上海体育大学运动健康学院,上海 200438
  • 2上海市学生体质健康研究中心
通讯作者:
庄洁,E-mail:
作者简介:

陈澜之(2000-),女,贵州贵阳人,在读硕士,主要研究方向为运动健康促进

Follow-up analysis on the relationship between 24-hour movement behaviors and physical fitness in preschool children
Lanzhi CHEN1, Junyu WANG1, Yixin LIANG1, Tian WANG1, Haiquan HUANG1, Jie ZHUANG*, 1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
出版时间: 2025-09-25 doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025279
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目的

探讨学龄前儿童24 h活动行为和体质健康之间的横向和纵向联系,并采用等时替代分析法评估不同活动行为时间重新分配后对体质健康得分的影响,为促进学龄前儿童健康提供科学依据。

方法

2023年10—12月,采用分层整群随机抽样方法从上海市静安、宝山和嘉定3个区共抽取193名3~6岁儿童,使用加速度计监测其一周的活动行为,并通过《国民体质测定标准(2023年修订)》(幼儿部分)测试学龄前儿童的体质健康状况;2024年10—12月,使用相同测试方法追踪调查学龄前儿童体质健康状况。组间比较采用t检验,采用成分多元线性回归模型分析学龄前儿童24 h活动行为与体质健康的关系。

结果

基线阶段男童中高强度身体活动(MVPA)时间[(84.10±25.78)min/d]高于女童[(70.44±25.98)min/d],男童体质健康综合得分(71.65±8.69)高于女童(68.84±9.89),差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为3.65,2.10,P值均 < 0.01)。在调整性别、年龄、体质量指数后,成分多元线性回归分析结果显示,学龄前儿童MVPA时间占比与基线的体质健康综合得分呈正相关(β=6.61)、与1年后的双脚连续跳时间呈负相关(β=-1.12),低强度身体活动(LPA)时间占比与1年后的走平衡木时间呈负相关(β=-4.44),久坐行为(SB)时间占比与基线的体质健康综合得分呈负相关(β=-6.55)(P值均 < 0.05)。等时替代分析显示,以10 min MVPA替代睡眠(SP)、SB和LPA,基线体质健康综合得分分别提高0.750,0.689和0.575个单位,1年后分别提高1.440,1.419和1.430个单位;以10 min SP、SB和LPA替代MVPA,基线体质健康综合得分分别降低0.836,0.777和0.669个单位,1年后分别降低1.613,1.592和1.598个单位(P值均 < 0.05)。

结论

学龄前儿童的24 h活动行为,尤其是MVPA与体质健康密切相关。适当采取措施增加学龄前儿童身体活动时间、减少久坐时间,可以改善学龄前儿童的体质健康。

运动活动  /  行为  /  体质  /  回归分析  /  儿童,学龄前
Objective

To explore the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between 24-hour movement behaviors and physical fitness in preschool children, and to adopt the method of equal time substitution analysis to evaluate the impact of time redistribution of different activity behaviors on physical fitness scores, so as to provide a scientific basis for promoting the health of preschool children.

Methods

A total of 193 preschool children aged 3-6 years were selected from three Shanghai districts (Jing'an, Baoshan, Jiading) from October to December 2023 by the stratified cluster random sampling method. The 24-hour movement behaviors were monitored via 7-day accelerometry, and physical fitness was measured according to the National Physical Fitness Measurement Standards (Revised 2023, preschool section). From October to December 2024, the follow-up of physical fitness among preschool children used the same testing method. The comparison between groups was conducted by t-test. Compositional regression analyses evaluated the relationship of 24-hour movement behaviors and physical fitness among preschool children.

Results

At baseline, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) time was significantly higher in boys [(84.10±25.78)min/d] than in girls [(70.44±25.98)min/d]; the composite physical fitness score was significantly higher in boys (71.65±8.69) than in girls (68.84±9.89), and the differences were statistically significant (t=3.65, 2.10, both P < 0.01). After adjusting for gender, age and body mass index, the results of component multiple linear regression analysis showed that MVPA time proportion was positively correlated with the composite physical fitness score at baseline among preschool children (β=6.61), but was negatively correlated with two-legged continuous hopping time at 1 year (β=-1.12) (both P < 0.05). Light physical activity (LPA) time proportion was negatively correlated with walking on the balance beam time at 1 year (β=-4.44), and sedentary behavior (SB) time proportion was negatively correlated with the composite score of physical fitness at baseline (β=-6.55) (both P < 0.05). Isotemporal substitution analysis revealed that replacing 10 minutes of sleep (SP), SB, and LPA with MVPA increased the baseline physical fitness composite score by 0.750, 0.689 and 0.575 units, respectively; at 1-year follow-up, the composite score increased by 1.440, 1.419 and 1.430 units, respectively (all P < 0.05). Conversely, replacing MVPA with 10 minutes of SP, SB, and LPA, resulted in decreases in baseline physical fitness composite scores of 0.836, 0.777 and 0.669 units, and reductions of 1.613, 1.592 and 1.598 units at 1-year follow-up (all P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Preschool children's 24-hour movement behaviors, especially MVPA, are closely related to physical health. Implementing appropriate strategies to increase physical activity and reduce sedentary time may improve the physical fitness of preschoolers.

Motor activity  /  Behavior  /  Body constitution  /  Regression analysis  /  Child, preschool
陈澜之, 王俊宇, 梁译心, 王天, 黄海全, 庄洁. 学龄前儿童24 h活动行为和体质健康关系的追踪分析. 中国学校卫生, 2025 , 46 (9) : 1257 -1261 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025279
Lanzhi CHEN, Junyu WANG, Yixin LIANG, Tian WANG, Haiquan HUANG, Jie ZHUANG. Follow-up analysis on the relationship between 24-hour movement behaviors and physical fitness in preschool children[J]. Chinese Journal of School Health, 2025 , 46 (9) : 1257 -1261 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025279
学龄前期是儿童体质发展的关键期,对个体长期健康具有深远影响[1]。研究表明,早期形成的身体活动习惯将持续至成年[2];若此时活动不足,可能导致慢性病风险增加[3]。因此,这一时期的体质健康是一个动态发展的长期过程。24 h活动行为包含身体活动(physical activity, PA)、久坐行为(sedentary behavior, SB)和睡眠(sleep, SP)3个维度[4]。研究表明,中高强度身体活动(moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, MVPA)对学龄前儿童体质健康具有关键作用[1],不仅能改善体重、体成分和肌肉力量,还对心脏代谢健康产生长期影响[5-6]。
SP、SB和PA是学龄前儿童肥胖和体质下降的主要相关因素[7-8]。为此,世界卫生组织(World Health Organization, WHO)和我国的指南均将这三类活动纳入24 h时间分配建议[9-10],为儿童健康提供科学指导。现有研究多采用横断面设计探讨学龄前儿童24 h活动行为与体质健康的关系[11-12],本研究通过纵向分析,旨在揭示二者的动态关联,为制定干预措施提供科学依据。
采用分层整群随机抽样方法,根据《上海市统计年鉴》将上海市16个区按社会经济水平分为高、中、低3层,采用随机数字表法抽取静安区(高)、宝山区(中)、嘉定区(低)作为样本区,每个区采用抽签法抽取1所公办一级幼儿园作为监测点,共计3所幼儿园参与本次研究。在研究开始前告知受试学龄前儿童家长一切权利并签署知情同意书,测试全程完全尊重受试学龄前儿童及家长的个人意愿。全部现场调查与体质测试于2023年10—12月完成,随访测试于2024年10—12月以相同测试流程完成。最终参与追踪测试的学龄前儿童共249名。56名儿童因以下原因被排除:基线及追踪阶段加速度计数据无效(47人);基线及追踪阶段体质测试数据不完整(9人)。最终纳入基线和追踪两阶段所有测试数据均完整有效的样本人数总计193名(男童106名,女童87名),平均年龄(4.45±0.72)岁。本研究已获得上海体育大学科学研究伦理委员会批准(批号:102772023RT156)。
研究采用Actigraph wGT3X-BT三轴加速度计对学龄前儿童进行连续7 d的24 h活动监测。加速度计配戴于右侧髋部,仅在洗澡、游泳等活动时取下。为确保数据有效性,设定以下标准:(1)至少包含3个有效日(其中必须含1个周末日);(2)采样间隔15 s;(3)每天配戴时间不少于8 h[13];(4)身体活动强度划分采用Pate标准:SB(0~ < 800 counts/min)、低强度身体活动(light physical activity, LPA)(800~ < 1 680 counts/min)、MVPA(≥1 680 counts/min)[14]。睡眠时间采用60 s间隔采集,并用Sadeh算法进行识别和剔除[15]。
体质健康测试在各幼儿园的室外运动场地进行,由专业测试人员全程组织实施,依据国家国民体质监测中心制定的《国民体质测定标准(2023年修订)》(幼儿部分)(以下简称《标准》)进行测试[16]。指标包括身高、体质量指数(body mass index, BMI)、握力、立定跳远、坐位体前屈、双脚连续跳、15 m绕障碍跑和走平衡木,各指标得分范围0~100分,得分越高表示体质水平越好;其中双脚连续跳、15 m绕障碍跑、走平衡木3项以完成时间(s)为原始值,时间越短得分越高,其余指标均以绝对值大者为优。根据《标准》中指标的不同权重计算体质健康综合得分。
包括学龄前儿童的年龄、性别、BMI、是否独生子女以及父母对体育运动的态度。以上信息均通过幼儿园及电子问卷收集。
所有研究人员均接受标准化培训。由专人每日核查加速度计配戴情况;电子问卷由专业人员实时监控填写质量。体质测试人员统一接受体质测试仪器的操作、流程规范等系统培训。
采用SPSS 26.0和R 3.6.1软件对数据进行统计分析。采用Kolmogorov-Smirnov检验对数据的正态性进行检验,对于符合正态分布的数据采用(x±s)进行描述,对于不符合正态分布的数据采用M(P25,P75)进行描述;组间比较采用t检验或Mann-Whitney U检验。检验水准α=0.05。
WHO认为每天10 min身体活动累积量是个体健康收益的最小单位[17],因此,本研究以10 min作为不同行为重新分配的单位时长。采用R 3.6.1软件进行成分数据分析:(1)使用“Compositions”和“robCompositions”包对24 h活动数据进行等距对数比转换,建立成分多元线性回归模型,分析基线活动行为与体质健康变化的关系;(2)应用等时替代法评估各活动组分(MVPA、LPA、SB、SP)重新分配对体质健康的影响;(3)建立纵向回归模型,考察基线活动行为对1年后体质健康得分的预测作用,并再次采用10 min等时替代法分析活动时间重新分配的预测效应。
24 h活动行为时间方面,仅MVPA时间在性别间差异有统计学意义(P < 0.01)。身体形态方面,男童和女童的身高、体重和BMI差异均有统计学意义(P值均 < 0.05);体质健康测试方面,男童的握力和立定跳远成绩均优于女童,女童坐位体前屈优于男童,男童体质健康综合得分优于女童(P值均 < 0.05)。见表1。
见表2。
以24 h活动行为时间占比(连续型变量)为自变量,以体质健康测试指标实测值(连续型变量)和体质健康综合得分(连续型变量)为因变量纳入成分多元线性回归分析。调整性别、年龄、BMI后,结果显示,MVPA与立定跳远(β=10.98)和体质健康综合得分(β=6.61)均呈正相关,与双脚连续跳(β=-2.36)和走平衡木(β=-8.07)均呈负相关;LPA与双脚连续跳呈正相关(β=1.00);SB与立定跳远(β=-11.67)和体质健康综合得分(β=-6.55)均呈负相关,与走平衡木呈正相关(β=9.88)(P值均 < 0.05)。
等时替代分析结果显示,在调整性别、年龄、BMI后,10 min MVPA替代LPA使握力增加0.122个单位,反向替代则减少0.131个单位;MVPA替代SP、SB、LPA分别使立定跳远增加1.393,1.119,0.909个单位,反向替代则降低1.543,1.273,1.079个单位;MVPA替代其他活动行为会降低双脚连续跳和走平衡木的时间、提高体质健康综合得分,相反替代则呈现相反趋势(P值均 < 0.05)。见表3。
纵向追踪结果显示,MVPA与1年后儿童双脚连续跳呈负相关(β=-1.12);LPA与走平衡木(β=-4.44)呈负相关(P值均 < 0.05)。见表2。
纵向等时替代分析表明,基线活动行为调整可预测1年后体质健康变化。具体而言,SB与LPA相互替代均影响坐位体前屈和走平衡木成绩;SP、SB替代MVPA会增加双脚连续跳时间(0.153,0.132个单位),反之替代则减少0.138,0.116个单位;SP、SB、LPA替代MVPA均降低综合得分(1.613,1.592,1.598个单位),反向替代则提高1.440,1.419,1.430个单位(P值均 < 0.05)。见表4。
本研究纵向结果显示,MVPA与基线体质健康综合得分呈正相关,且10 min MVPA等时替代SB、LPA或SP后,1年随访体质健康综合得分仍分别提高1.440,1.419,1.430分;相反替代则降低体质健康综合得分。提示在保障≥10 h睡眠的前提下,优先通过减少久坐行为来增加MVPA可获得持续体质收益,与常振亚的结果基本一致[18]。本研究并未发现LPA和SP对基线时期的学龄前儿童体质健康产生积极影响,可能原因是LPA能量消耗较低、难以改善心肺功能及肌肉发展[18],或者加速度计可能无法有效区分SB与LPA[19]。
LPA替代SB会减少学龄前儿童1年后走平衡木时间,这种关联可能通过以下机制实现:学龄前儿童随着神经系统的发育和肌肉骨骼系统的成熟,平衡能力会自然提升[20]。此外,LPA通过提供多样化的运动刺激,能够有效促进学龄前儿童小脑和前庭系统的发育,提高学龄前儿童的动态平衡能力和身体协调性[21];LPA也可能通过强化步行能力对学龄前儿童走平衡木成绩产生积极影响[22]。但需注意的是,加速度计切点的选择会对学龄前儿童身体活动测量具有重要影响。通过比较分析表明,Pate切点较低的MVPA阈值可能高估活动水平;而Butte切点基于间接测热法设定的较高阈值更符合学龄前儿童代谢特征,但可能低估MVPA时间;Evenson切点虽有部分研究针对3~5岁学龄前儿童设计,但因极低的SB阈值可能会高估SB时间[23]。
综上所述,PA与基线与追踪阶段的学龄前儿童体质健康呈正相关,SB对基线与追踪阶段的学龄前儿童体质健康呈负相关,未来应通过增加学龄前儿童的PA时间以及相应的行为组合提升其体质健康。
本研究也存在一定的局限:(1)追踪时间较短,研究结果可能不够稳定;未来应着重开展大样本纵向队列研究和随机对照试验,并收集更全面的协变量信息来系统评估不同活动行为组合的干预效果。(2)研究中SP与部分体质健康测试指标在基线分析中呈负相关,该结果可能受“时间替代效应”及样本代表性限制,并不等同于“睡眠越少越有利”;未来需扩大样本量、延长随访时限,进一步验证不同睡眠时长-质量组合对体质健康的真实影响。

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2025年第46卷第9期
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doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025279
  • 接收时间:2025-02-26
  • 首发时间:2026-11-06
  • 出版时间:2025-09-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-26
  • 修回日期:2025-06-30
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    1上海体育大学运动健康学院,上海 200438
    2上海市学生体质健康研究中心

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