Article(id=1325530079102784158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, issueId=1325530078536553117, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025283, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1745424000000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-24, revisedDate=1752076800000, revisedDateStr=2025-07-10, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793960598016, onlineDateStr=2026-11-06, pubDate=1758729600000, pubDateStr=2025-09-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793960598016, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793960598016, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793960598016, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1325530078536553117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, year='2025', volume='46', issue='9', pageStart='1217', pageEnd='1368', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1758729600000', pubDateStr='2025-09-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793960597879, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793960597879, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1217, endPage=1221, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1325530079333470879, articleId=1325530079102784158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=EN, title=Exploring pathways for promoting mental health among children and adolescents in the context of Chinese practice, columnId=1325500683172065622, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of School Health, columnName=Editorial, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Mental health issues among children and adolescents have become an important public health problem. To address the growing complexity of mental health issues among children and adolescents as well as the emerging challenges posed by novel influencing factors the study develops a framework for promoting mental health among children and adolescents including dimensional elevation reduction and breakthrough approaches. It also proposes a paradigm innovation of "awareness-analysis-action-assessment-advance". The study comprehensively considers the traditional and new influencing factors and introduces new technologies such as digital technology so as to achieve dynamic adaptation and system optimization of theory and practice thereby advancing the high-quality development of the mental health service system with Chinese characteristics for children and adolescents.

, authors=Jing LI, Yi SONG*, authorsList=Jing LI, Yi SONG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yi SONG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Chinese Journal of School Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1325530080272994980, articleId=1325530079102784158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=CN, title=面向中国实践的儿童青少年心理健康促进路径探索, columnId=1325500684380025177, journalTitle=中国学校卫生, columnName=述评, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

儿童青少年心理健康问题已成为重要公共卫生问题。 为应对儿童青少年心理健康问题日益复杂的趋势及新型影响因素涌现的现实挑战, 研究构建了儿童青少年心理健康促进框架和升维、降维、破维思路, 提出“发现问题—分析问题—解决问题—评估效果—系统优化”的范式革新。 通过综合考虑传统与新型影响因素,引入数字化等新兴技术, 实现理论与实践的动态适配和系统优化, 以推动中国特色儿童青少年心理健康服务体系高质量发展。

, authors=李晶, 宋逸*, authorsList=李晶, 宋逸, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=宋逸, authorNote=

李晶(1989-),女,山东潍坊人,博士,研究员,主要研究方向为环境与儿童青少年健康

, correspAuthorsNote=
宋逸,E-mail:
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李晶(1989-),女,山东潍坊人,博士,研究员,主要研究方向为环境与儿童青少年健康

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李晶(1989-),女,山东潍坊人,博士,研究员,主要研究方向为环境与儿童青少年健康

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面向中国实践的儿童青少年心理健康促进路径探索
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李晶 , 宋逸 *
中国学校卫生 | 述评 2025,46(9): 1217-1221
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中国学校卫生 |述评 2025 , 46 (9) : 1217 -1221
面向中国实践的儿童青少年心理健康促进路径探索
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李晶(1989-),女,山东潍坊人,博士,研究员,主要研究方向为环境与儿童青少年健康

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李晶, 宋逸*
作者信息
  • 北京大学公共卫生学院/北京大学儿童青少年卫生研究所, 北京 100191
通讯作者:
宋逸,E-mail:
作者简介:

李晶(1989-),女,山东潍坊人,博士,研究员,主要研究方向为环境与儿童青少年健康

Exploring pathways for promoting mental health among children and adolescents in the context of Chinese practice
Jing LI, Yi SONG*
Affiliations
  • School of Public Health/Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
出版时间: 2025-09-25 doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025283
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儿童青少年心理健康问题已成为重要公共卫生问题。 为应对儿童青少年心理健康问题日益复杂的趋势及新型影响因素涌现的现实挑战, 研究构建了儿童青少年心理健康促进框架和升维、降维、破维思路, 提出“发现问题—分析问题—解决问题—评估效果—系统优化”的范式革新。 通过综合考虑传统与新型影响因素,引入数字化等新兴技术, 实现理论与实践的动态适配和系统优化, 以推动中国特色儿童青少年心理健康服务体系高质量发展。

精神卫生  /  健康促进  /  儿童  /  青少年

Mental health issues among children and adolescents have become an important public health problem. To address the growing complexity of mental health issues among children and adolescents as well as the emerging challenges posed by novel influencing factors the study develops a framework for promoting mental health among children and adolescents including dimensional elevation reduction and breakthrough approaches. It also proposes a paradigm innovation of "awareness-analysis-action-assessment-advance". The study comprehensively considers the traditional and new influencing factors and introduces new technologies such as digital technology so as to achieve dynamic adaptation and system optimization of theory and practice thereby advancing the high-quality development of the mental health service system with Chinese characteristics for children and adolescents.

Mental health  /  Health promotion  /  Child  /  Adolescent
李晶, 宋逸. 面向中国实践的儿童青少年心理健康促进路径探索. 中国学校卫生, 2025 , 46 (9) : 1217 -1221 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025283
Jing LI, Yi SONG. Exploring pathways for promoting mental health among children and adolescents in the context of Chinese practice[J]. Chinese Journal of School Health, 2025 , 46 (9) : 1217 -1221 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025283
儿童青少年群体是心理健康问题的核心风险人群,心理障碍初发阶段主要集中于该发展关键期[1]。早期心理健康问题不仅会持续到成年期,更可能诱发自杀、自伤等健康危险行为的发生[2],这种多重健康损害产生的复合型社会成本,对个体发展、家庭功能及公共卫生体系形成持续性挑战。近年来,中国儿童青少年心理健康问题高发并呈现低龄化趋势[3-4],社会与自然环境不断变化、社交媒体使用等新型环境因素的影响日益凸显[5]。国家对儿童青少年心理健康高度重视,2023年4月教育部等十七部门发布《全面加强和改进新时代学生心理健康工作专项行动计划(2023—2025年)》,提出促进学生身心健康全面发展,是党中央关心、人民群众关切、社会关注的重大课题,要切实把心理健康工作摆在更加突出位置[6]。针对当前儿童青少年心理健康问题呈现的复杂形势及其新型影响因素涌现的动态变化挑战,本研究提出构建儿童青少年心理健康促进的“5A”框架[发现问题(awareness)、分析问题(analysis)、解决问题(action)、评估效果(assessment)、系统优化(advance)]与“三维”思路(升维、降维、破维)(图1),为建成具有中国特色的儿童青少年心理健康服务体系提供理论参考。
推动儿童青少年心理健康问题的早期识别是实现有效干预与预防的关键前提。2021年全球疾病负担数据及针对中国儿童青少年的流行病学调查显示,注意缺陷与多动障碍、焦虑障碍、抑郁症已成为当前儿童青少年心理健康核心问题[4, 7]。以上问题表现出高度共存性,增加了儿童青少年心理健康问题的预防与干预工作的复杂性与挑战性[8]。
心理健康问题的诊断通常需要依赖复杂且系统的临床评估程序,难以在大规模人群中广泛实施。因此,在实际应用中,心理健康问题的识别多以问卷或量表为工具,侧重于症状的初步筛查,以实现快速评估与风险人群筛选。该方法虽有助于大规模人群的初步筛查,但也面临过于依赖儿童青少年及其监护人主观判断等问题。当前有关儿童青少年心理健康状况的数据主要来源于部分区域的流行病学调查或科学研究,尚未形成覆盖全国、系统完善、常态化运行的心理健康监测体系。
儿童青少年心理健康问题受到多维度因素影响。个体层面,遗传因素、性别差异、身体活动、吸烟行为与睡眠状况等个体特征和生活方式因素与心理健康密切相关[9-11]。家庭层面,家庭结构、父母受教育水平、社会经济地位、家庭教养方式构成了儿童早期心理发展的关键基础[12-14]。学校与社会层面,校园氛围、同伴关系、学业压力以及社会支持系统和邻里环境,也通过多重路径影响心理健康水平[15-17]。尽管当前研究已在多个层面识别出诸多影响因素,但部分潜在影响因素的研究仍处于起步阶段,如肌肉力量、体重污名化等以及绿地、空气污染等自然环境因素,对儿童青少年心理健康影响的相关研究较为稀缺,亟须进一步探索与验证[18-20]。
随着社会环境与生活方式的持续演化,儿童青少年所面临的心理健康风险因素呈现出多元化、复杂化与动态化的特征。在信息化时代背景下,在线教育普及增加了儿童青少年使用电子设备的频率与时长,可能对儿童青少年心理健康产生一定影响,包括信息过载、数字身份认同焦虑及数字依赖在内的数字压力或将成为心理健康的新型威胁[21]。短视频平台的流行为儿童青少年提供了自我表达和社交互动的新路径,但也带来了生活满意度下降、价值观扭曲、成瘾行为增加等潜在负面影响[5]。与此同时,奶茶文化的盛行引发了关于其潜在成瘾性及对心理健康影响的初步担忧[22]。
在此背景下,亟须依托儿童青少年心理健康监测数据、深度访谈及相关研究的系统综述与Meta分析等多元证据来源,围绕个体、家庭、学校与社会4个层面,从复杂多样的影响因素中系统遴选出诸如社交媒体暴露时间等具有高度影响力与可操作性的核心变量,进而构建多维干预优先级清单与路径框架,为儿童青少年心理健康促进工作的精准化实施与持续优化提供坚实的理论依据与实践指南。
目前,已有研究从心理健康影响因素出发,构建可操作的干预路径,以改善儿童青少年的心理健康状况。例如有研究发现,营养教育结合体育活动综合干预可以一定程度上改善肥胖儿童的心理健康[23]。义务教育使学校成为实施儿童青少年心理健康干预措施的理想场所,尤其适用于资源匮乏家庭与边缘社区、难以便捷获取其他干预服务的儿童青少年群体[24]。健康教育课程、同伴教育的提供是学校心理健康干预的普遍措施,虽能改善儿童青少年心理健康相关知识和态度、减少耻辱感并增加其寻求帮助的意愿,但对心理健康结局的改善相对有限[25-26]。而在校外,逃学或旷课儿童青少年可能更加脆弱,亟须家庭与社区的共同介入[26]。在具有心理健康问题风险或已确诊心理健康问题的儿童青少年中,已有多种干预方法显示成效,包括家庭治疗、团体心理辅导、认知行为疗法、药物治疗、正念训练与游戏治疗等,正广泛应用于焦虑、抑郁等心理问题的干预实践中[27-30]。
然而,在当前心理健康问题影响因素日趋多元、干预需求快速增长的背景下,传统干预模式面临覆盖范围有限、资源配置不均、心理健康服务人员短缺及人员专业性不足等问题[31]。为更有效应对儿童青少年心理健康问题,亟须引入顺应时代发展的新型干预工具和理念。互联网、大数据、人工智能(artificial intelligence, AI)以及虚拟现实等数字化技术正在成为心理健康服务体系中的重要补充与赋能手段[31]。数字化技术不仅可以实现儿童青少年心理健康状态的多时点监测,为儿童青少年心理健康测量提供更加客观的数据;还可以通过科普网站、数字化心理卫生服务平台等途径使得心理健康知识、心理健康服务更加可及,也为心理健康干预提供更加灵活和个性化的手段[31-32]。研究发现,AI聊天机器人使用者在重度抑郁症、广泛性焦虑、饮食失调方面症状明显减轻,其对聊天机器人的疗效评价与对人类治疗师的评价相当,表明AI聊天机器人作为一种可行途径,可为大规模人群提供个性化的心理健康干预服务,具有良好的应用前景与推广价值[33]。此外,非侵入性脑刺激(non-invasive brain stimulation, NIBS)等新兴非药物干预措施亦需得到系统探索与审慎扩展。Meta分析发现,在左侧背外侧前额叶施加阳极经颅直流电刺激、同时在头颅外部位置施加阴极经颅直流电刺激这一干预方式显著改善了孤独症谱系障碍症状[34],提示未来研究应考虑改进和探索新的NIBS模式,拓展儿童青少年心理干预的手段。
在多元干预措施不断拓展的背景下,如何实现干预资源的科学配置与系统集成,成为亟待解决的重要问题。应遵循“降维”思路,聚焦高效干预措施,明确干预责任主体,避免资源分散,优化各方工作流程,最大限度发挥干预资源与措施的综合效能,推动心理干预由碎片式探索迈向系统化、闭环化、精准化发展。
随着国家对心理健康问题的日益重视,学生心理健康相关文件相继出台,全国学生心理健康宣传教育月等系列活动亦陆续开展,提高了心理健康方面资源投入与社会关注度,但其具体作用路径及成效仍有待系统评估[35]。目前常见的评估手段多通过问卷调查与结构式访谈等传统方法,但面对当前干预与评估研究呈现出的传统方法与新兴技术并重的发展态势,尚欠缺更先进和系统的评估工具。
与此同时,当前儿童青少年心理健康干预体系在实践中仍存在诸多短板:心理健康影响因素正不断演化,传统理论未能有效整合新型风险因素,干预设计缺乏动态性和靶向性,目前干预重心多集中于已确诊个体,早期预警、预防和健康促进相对薄弱,难以有效实现“关口前移”的目标[36]。在干预措施方面,学校的主体作用未得到充分发挥[36],存在管理薄弱、师资不足、家校协同困难、干预缺乏持续性等问题[26]。医疗卫生系统及心理健康服务所面临的多重障碍也不容忽视,儿童青少年群体常因疾病耻辱感、隐私缺乏、与日常生活的分离、医疗流程不适应等因素而延迟治疗;且现有医疗资源有限,难以满足其多样化和个体化需求[37]。因此,尽管数字技术为心理服务提供了新机遇,但其应用仍面临伦理风险、隐私泄露等挑战。
对儿童青少年心理健康促进措施进行系统优化(图2)。首先,针对儿童青少年心理健康影响因素呈现出的高度复杂性、多维交织性及区域异质性,应构建融合传统变量、新兴变量与区域特征变量的动态心理健康影响模型。在技术支撑上,依托专业分析团队,结合多源数据与动态监测,通过全暴露组关联研究等方式,识别出高影响力、可干预性强的核心变量,明确干预切入点,提升干预设计的靶向性与适应性。本期重点号收录了聚焦心理健康政策变迁以及中医体质、体重污名化等新型心理健康影响因素的前沿研究[38-42],为科学构建学校心理健康防控体系提供实证支撑,并助力循证导向的高质量学校卫生体系建设与心理健康政策优化。其次,完善多部门联动机制,推动多部门职责协同、信息共享与资源整合,提升干预服务覆盖率与效能,为儿童青少年提供连续性、一体化的心理支持服务。健全以预防为主的心理健康服务体系,将儿童青少年心理健康问题的识别与干预关口前移,构建从普及教育、风险筛查到早期干预、专业治疗的全周期服务链条。将心理健康教育系统纳入学校课程体系,明确每学期至少开展一次面向全体学生的心理健康主题活动,并强化家校协同,提升家长的参与度与支持力。在风险筛查方面,应推动年度全员心理筛查制度化建设,建立覆盖班级—年级—校级的三级心理预警体系,对存在中高风险的学生实施由教师、家长与社区志愿者共同组成的个案支持机制。学校应切实履行心理健康促进主体责任,建立专兼职心理健康教师队伍,推进形成可复制可推广的学校干预模式;同时应强化家庭与社区参与,构建社会支持网络。社区卫生服务中心可定期提供团体心理辅导支持,并通过与专业医疗机构建立双向转诊绿色通道,实现高风险个案的早识别、早干预与及时治疗。特别在困境儿童支持方面,需畅通儿童福利机构、未成年人救助保护机构与精神卫生服务体系之间的心理咨询与诊疗转介通道,确保其获得持续、可及的专业支持;鼓励具备资质的心理健康专业人员以志愿服务形式深入基层,补充专业力量,拓展服务边界。最后,应加强新技术应用的科学监管与伦理保障。推动AI、虚拟现实、可穿戴设备等新兴技术在心理筛查与干预中的规范化、合理化应用,提升个性化评估与精准干预能力,扩大服务覆盖面并提升服务质量。制定涵盖数据采集、存储、处理、共享及销毁全过程的统一技术与伦理标准,明确儿童青少年数据的合法使用范围及严格保护措施,切实保障信息安全与隐私权不受侵犯。同时,应构建由卫生健康、教育、网络信息、安全监管及司法等多部门联合组成的综合监管协调机制,实现职责明确、协同高效的监督管理,定期开展技术审查、风险评估与合规检查,有效防范潜在伦理及安全风险。
本文提出儿童青少年心理健康促进的“5A”框架与“三维”思路。(1)升维阶段:识别儿童青少年心理健康问题流行现状,为全面了解心理健康状况奠定基础。(2)降维阶段:进一步深入探索心理健康的多维影响因素,特别是在当前社会环境剧变与技术迅猛发展的背景下,聚焦新兴影响因素的作用机制及其路径,识别关键可干预变量。基于对心理健康问题及其影响因素的系统性分析,整合多方干预资源,推进由碎片化干预向系统性、精准化干预的转变,并评估干预效果。(3)破维阶段:通过对干预效果的反馈,推动心理健康促进系统性优化。构建“发现问题—分析问题—解决问题—评估效果—系统优化”的范式革新,持续吸纳时代变迁带来的新型变量与技术进展,通过动态校准实现理论与实践的协同进化,不断推进中国特色儿童青少年心理健康服务体系的高质量发展与理论创新。
  • 科技部重点研发计划课题项目(2024YFC2707901)
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doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025283
  • 接收时间:2025-04-24
  • 首发时间:2026-11-06
  • 出版时间:2025-09-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-24
  • 修回日期:2025-07-10
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科技部重点研发计划课题项目(2024YFC2707901)
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    北京大学公共卫生学院/北京大学儿童青少年卫生研究所, 北京 100191

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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属
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species
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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