Article(id=1325530043040153836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, issueId=1325529948685091532, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025252, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1735833600000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-03, revisedDate=1740844800000, revisedDateStr=2025-03-02, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793960589416, onlineDateStr=2026-11-06, pubDate=1756051200000, pubDateStr=2025-08-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793960589416, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793960589416, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793960589416, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1325529948685091532, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, year='2025', volume='46', issue='8', pageStart='1065', pageEnd='1216', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1756051200000', pubDateStr='2025-08-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793960566921, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793960566921, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1130, endPage=1133, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1325530043296006381, articleId=1325530043040153836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=EN, title=Association between parent-child relationship perceived by parents and students of junior high school and students' internalization problems, columnId=1259565855189418448, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of School Health, columnName=Mental Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the relationship between the parent-child relationship perceived by parents and students of junior high school and students' internalization problems, so as to provide a pathway for the prevention and control of students' internalization problems.

Methods

In June 2023, a convenience cluster sampling method and a matching method between students and their fathers/mothers were used to select 965 pairs of students and their fathers (or mothers) from three junior high schools in Guizhou Province, and the Middle School Student's Parent-Child Relationship Questionnaire (parent and student edition) and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (student edition) were used to measure the perception of parent-child relationship by parents and students and the internalization problems of students. The response surface analysis method was used to analyze the relationships between parents' and students' perceptions of parent-child relationship and students' internalization problems.

Results

The comparison of standardized scores revealed that 58.44% of parents and junior high school students had different perceptions of parent-child relationship. After controlling for students' gender, students' grade, and parents' education level, the results showed that when the parent-child relationship perceived by parents and students was congruent, the students' internalization problems increased with the decrease of parent-child relationship level (a1=-0.43, 95%CI=-0.62 to -0.25, P < 0.05). When the parent-child relationship perceived by parents and students was incongruent, and the parent-child relationship perceived by parents was higher than that of students, students' internalization problems were more (a3=-0.36, 95%CI=-0.51 to -0.19, P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Students' internalization problems are closely related to perceptions of parent-child relationship. Improving the quality of the parent-child relationship and paying attention to the differences in perception of the parent-child relationship are helpful for evaluating and intervening in the internalization problems of junior high school students.

, authors=Ji SUN1, 2, Yongfei BAN1, 2, Siliang LUO1, 2, authorsList=Ji SUN, Yongfei BAN, Siliang LUO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Chinese Journal of School Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1325530044386525424, articleId=1325530043040153836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=CN, title=初中生和父母感知的亲子关系与内化问题的关联, columnId=1259565858817491410, journalTitle=中国学校卫生, columnName=心理卫生, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探讨父母和初中生感知的亲子关系与初中生内化问题的关联, 为初中生内化问题的防控提供思路。

方法

2023年6月, 采用方便整群抽样方法和初中生-父/母亲匹配方法选取贵州省3所初中965对学生及其父亲(或母亲), 通过中学生亲子关系问卷(学生版/父母版)评估父母与初中生感知的亲子关系、长处和困难问卷(学生版)评估初中生的内化问题。采用响应面分析方法分析父母与初中生感知的亲子关系与初中生内化问题的关联。

结果

标准化分数比较发现, 58.44%的父母和初中生存在亲子关系感知差异。控制初中生性别、年级和父母受教育水平因素后, 在父母-初中生亲子关系感知一致时, 初中生内化问题会随着亲子关系水平的下降而增加(a1=-0.43, 95%CI=-0.62~-0.25);亲子关系感知不一致时, 父母感知的亲子关系水平高于初中生感知的亲子关系时, 初中生内化问题更多(a3=-0.36, 95%CI=-0.51~-0.19)(P值均 < 0.05)。

结论

初中生内化问题与亲子关系感知密切相关。提升亲子关系质量、关注亲子关系感知差异有助于初中生内化问题的评估和干预。

, authors=孙霁1, 2, 班永飞1, 2, 罗思亮1, 2, authorsList=孙霁, 班永飞, 罗思亮, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

孙霁(1985-), 女, 贵州遵义人, 博士, 副教授, 主要研究方向为未成年人心理健康

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孙霁(1985-), 女, 贵州遵义人, 博士, 副教授, 主要研究方向为未成年人心理健康

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孙霁(1985-), 女, 贵州遵义人, 博士, 副教授, 主要研究方向为未成年人心理健康

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RSA regression results of parent-child relationship on internalization problems of junior high school students(n=965)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
自变量标准误t值β值(95%CI)P值
PCRs0.04-9.83-0.40(-0.48~-0.32)<0.01
PCRp0.06-0.64-0.04(-0.16~0.08)0.52
PCRs20.022.700.05(0.02~0.09)0.01
PCRs×PCRp0.04-1.02-0.04(-0.12~0.04)0.31
PCRp20.030.470.02(-0.05~0.08)0.64
初中生年级0.061.810.11(-0.01~0.23)0.07
初中生性别0.062.640.16(0.04~0.27)0.01
父母受教育水平0.03-2.66-0.09(-0.15~-0.02)0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1325530052137599252, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530043040153836, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

亲子关系对初中生内化问题的RSA回归结果(n=965)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
自变量标准误t值β值(95%CI)P值
PCRs0.04-9.83-0.40(-0.48~-0.32)<0.01
PCRp0.06-0.64-0.04(-0.16~0.08)0.52
PCRs20.022.700.05(0.02~0.09)0.01
PCRs×PCRp0.04-1.02-0.04(-0.12~0.04)0.31
PCRp20.030.470.02(-0.05~0.08)0.64
初中生年级0.061.810.11(-0.01~0.23)0.07
初中生性别0.062.640.16(0.04~0.27)0.01
父母受教育水平0.03-2.66-0.09(-0.15~-0.02)0.01
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初中生和父母感知的亲子关系与内化问题的关联
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孙霁 1, 2 , 班永飞 1, 2 , 罗思亮 1, 2
中国学校卫生 | 心理卫生 2025,46(8): 1130-1133
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中国学校卫生 |心理卫生 2025 , 46 (8) : 1130 -1133
初中生和父母感知的亲子关系与内化问题的关联
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孙霁1, 2, 班永飞1, 2, 罗思亮1, 2
作者信息
  • 1安顺学院教育科学学院, 贵州 561000
  • 2安顺学院特殊儿童发展与融合教育实验室
作者简介:

孙霁(1985-), 女, 贵州遵义人, 博士, 副教授, 主要研究方向为未成年人心理健康

Association between parent-child relationship perceived by parents and students of junior high school and students' internalization problems
Ji SUN1, 2, Yongfei BAN1, 2, Siliang LUO1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1School of Educational Sciences, Anshun University, Anshun 561000, Guizhou Province, China
出版时间: 2025-08-25 doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025252
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目的

探讨父母和初中生感知的亲子关系与初中生内化问题的关联, 为初中生内化问题的防控提供思路。

方法

2023年6月, 采用方便整群抽样方法和初中生-父/母亲匹配方法选取贵州省3所初中965对学生及其父亲(或母亲), 通过中学生亲子关系问卷(学生版/父母版)评估父母与初中生感知的亲子关系、长处和困难问卷(学生版)评估初中生的内化问题。采用响应面分析方法分析父母与初中生感知的亲子关系与初中生内化问题的关联。

结果

标准化分数比较发现, 58.44%的父母和初中生存在亲子关系感知差异。控制初中生性别、年级和父母受教育水平因素后, 在父母-初中生亲子关系感知一致时, 初中生内化问题会随着亲子关系水平的下降而增加(a1=-0.43, 95%CI=-0.62~-0.25);亲子关系感知不一致时, 父母感知的亲子关系水平高于初中生感知的亲子关系时, 初中生内化问题更多(a3=-0.36, 95%CI=-0.51~-0.19)(P值均 < 0.05)。

结论

初中生内化问题与亲子关系感知密切相关。提升亲子关系质量、关注亲子关系感知差异有助于初中生内化问题的评估和干预。

精神卫生  /  亲子关系  /  回归分析  /  学生
Objective

To explore the relationship between the parent-child relationship perceived by parents and students of junior high school and students' internalization problems, so as to provide a pathway for the prevention and control of students' internalization problems.

Methods

In June 2023, a convenience cluster sampling method and a matching method between students and their fathers/mothers were used to select 965 pairs of students and their fathers (or mothers) from three junior high schools in Guizhou Province, and the Middle School Student's Parent-Child Relationship Questionnaire (parent and student edition) and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (student edition) were used to measure the perception of parent-child relationship by parents and students and the internalization problems of students. The response surface analysis method was used to analyze the relationships between parents' and students' perceptions of parent-child relationship and students' internalization problems.

Results

The comparison of standardized scores revealed that 58.44% of parents and junior high school students had different perceptions of parent-child relationship. After controlling for students' gender, students' grade, and parents' education level, the results showed that when the parent-child relationship perceived by parents and students was congruent, the students' internalization problems increased with the decrease of parent-child relationship level (a1=-0.43, 95%CI=-0.62 to -0.25, P < 0.05). When the parent-child relationship perceived by parents and students was incongruent, and the parent-child relationship perceived by parents was higher than that of students, students' internalization problems were more (a3=-0.36, 95%CI=-0.51 to -0.19, P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Students' internalization problems are closely related to perceptions of parent-child relationship. Improving the quality of the parent-child relationship and paying attention to the differences in perception of the parent-child relationship are helpful for evaluating and intervening in the internalization problems of junior high school students.

Mental health  /  Parent-child relations  /  Regression analysis  /  Students
孙霁, 班永飞, 罗思亮. 初中生和父母感知的亲子关系与内化问题的关联. 中国学校卫生, 2025 , 46 (8) : 1130 -1133 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025252
Ji SUN, Yongfei BAN, Siliang LUO. Association between parent-child relationship perceived by parents and students of junior high school and students' internalization problems[J]. Chinese Journal of School Health, 2025 , 46 (8) : 1130 -1133 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025252
内化问题是初中生心理健康的重要指标,是指个体体验到的消极情绪感受和心理状态,主要表现为抑郁、焦虑等[1]。近年来,诸多研究关注了亲子关系与初中生内化问题的关系[2-4],不良的亲子关系可能会增加初中生抑郁、焦虑等消极体验和自伤、自杀行为等问题;而良好的亲子关系能使他们感受到更多的积极心理体验,在一定程度上减少问题行为的发生[5-8]。相关研究表明,父母和初中生感知的亲子关系存在不一致现象[9],并且与初中生的不适应行为紧密相关[10]。在家庭环境中,父母对亲子关系的感知不仅影响他们与子女的互动,还影响子女对自身内化问题的感知和处理方式;同样子女对亲子关系的感知也会影响他们与父母的沟通交流,进而影响父母对于子女内化问题的感知和处理方式[1-2]。为此,本研究使用响应面分析方法探讨父母和初中生感知的亲子关系与初中生内化问题的关联,为初中生内化问题的防控提供思路。
2023年6月,采用方便整群抽样方法和初中生-父/母亲匹配的问卷调查方法,从贵州省3所学校招募1 100对初中生及其父(或母)亲参与研究,共回收1 064对初中生及其父(或母)亲的问卷;剔除未全部作答和作答不认真的问卷,最终保留965对问卷数据。其中男生521名,女生444名;七年级学生377名,八年级588名。父(母)被试平均年龄(35.28±2.46)岁,其中父亲223名,母亲742名;学历为小学及以下61名,初中437名,高中或中专325名,大专95名,大学及以上47名。本研究得到安顺学院教育科学学院伦理委员会的审批(编号:ASU-JYXY-202305),问卷调查前获取校方、学生家长及学生的知情同意。
包括初中生性别、年级(七年级、八年级),父母年龄、身份(父亲、母亲)、受教育水平等。
采用吴继霞等[11]编制的中学生亲子关系问卷评估亲子关系水平。问卷分为学生版和父母版2个版本,学生版评估初中生对亲子关系的评价,父母版评估父/母对亲子关系的评价。每个版本的问卷均包含26个题目,由理解沟通、苛责干涉、喜爱尊重和成长宽容4个维度组成。问卷采用5点计分,从1“很不符合”到5“非常符合”,部分题目反向计分,得分越高表明亲子关系越好。本研究中,学生版问卷和父母版问卷的Cronbach α系数分别为0.92,0.89。
采用Goodman[12]编制、杜亚松等[13]修订的长处和困难问卷(Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire)评估初中生内化问题水平。问卷包含25个条目,由情绪症状、品行问题、多动、同伴交往问题和亲社会行为5个维度组成。按照3级计分,从0“不符合”到2“完全符合”,部分条目为反向计分,分数越高,表示被试在该维度的问题越多。针对一般群体,可将长处和困难问卷分为“内化问题”(情绪症状+同伴交往问题维度)、“外化问题”(品行问题+多动维度)和“亲社会量表”(亲社会行为维度)3个分量表,可完整或分开测量[14]。本研究选取内化问题分量表作为研究量表,Cronbach α系数为0.67。
研究主试由学校心理学教师和心理学本科生担任,所有主试均经过系统的培训,熟悉全部流程后开展测试。初中生问卷调查采用纸质问卷的形式,以班级为单位进行集体填写;主试先进行作答说明或演示,被试全部理解后开始作答,整个过程10~20 min。所有问卷均当场发放,当场回收。家长问卷采用线上调查方式,主试在班主任微信群通知作答事宜,家长全部理解后开始作答,整个过程10~40 min。所有问卷调查均在同一时间段完成,收回的问卷由专人核对检查。
分析前使用Kolmogorov-Smirnov检验法对亲子关系与内化问题进行正态性检验,数据接近正态分布。使用SPSS 27.0进行描述性统计、配对样本t检验和Pearson相关分析。然后,使用SPSS中的响应面分析(response surface analysis, RSA)插件进行多项式回归和响应面分析[15-16],使用Origin软件绘制响应面图。多项式回归和响应面分析如下:(1)将初中生感知的亲子关系(PCRs,x1)、父母感知的亲子关系(PCRp,x2)和初中生内化问题(IPs,y)均值中心化,计算x1和x2的差值,确定两者的一致性和差异性:x1比x2高0.5 s或低0.5 s代表二者得分有差异;介于之间表示二者得分一致[17]。(2)使用RSA插件进行多项式回归检验[18],同时,本研究将初中生性别、年级和父母受教育水平作为协变量。(3)根据已有研究,利用多项式回归分析结果进行响应面分析[18]。首先对x1、x2与y之间的关系进行三维检验。如果R2/△R2的检验结果有统计学意义,表示多项式回归模型成立。然后分析5个系数(a1、a2、a3、a4、a5),不需检查回归系数的显著性。其中a1是一致性线(line of congruence, LOC)的斜率,检验x1、x2与y的一致方向;a2是LOC的曲率,表示x1、x2的一致程度与y之间的关系是线性还是非线性;a3是非一致性线(line of incongruence, LOIC)的斜率,表示x1、x2和y的差异方向;a4是LOIC的曲率,表示x1和x2的差异程度与y之间的关系是线性还是非线性;a5表示测试脊线是否等于一致性线。检验水准α=0.05。
PCRs和PCRp得分差异有统计学意义(3.60±0.60,3.83±0.39)(t=-12.54,P<0.01)。根据标准化分数比较,PCRs得分高于PCRp的有288人(29.84%),PCRs与PCRp一致的有401人(41.55%),PCRs低于PCRp的有276人(28.60%)。有58.44%(>50%)的PCRp与PCRs得分不一致,后续可进行响应面分析。
相关分析结果表明,PCRs与PCRp呈正相关(r=0.39),PCRs、PCRp与IPs均呈负相关(r值分别为-0.43,-0.20)(P值均<0.01)。人口学变量方面,初中生性别(1=男,2=女)与PCRs呈负相关(r=-0.11),与IPs呈正相关(r=0.13);父母身份(1=父亲、2=母亲)与PCRp呈正相关(r=0.09);父母受教育水平(1=小学及以下,2=初中,3=高中或中专,4=大专,5=大学及以上)与PCRp呈正相关(r=0.18)、与IPs呈负相关(r=-0.11)(P值均<0.01)。
多项式回归将初中生性别、年级和父母受教育水平作为协变量纳入回归模型。首先进行多重共线性检验,所有方差膨胀因子均小于4.0,表明模型不存在多重共线性问题。然后以PCRs与PCRp为预测变量,IPs为结果变量建立RSA模型,结果见表1。以PCRs为x轴、PCRp为y轴,IPs为z轴,绘制响应面图,结果见图1。模型检验发现,响应面模型的方差解释率达到统计学水平(△R2=0.20,F=27.64,P<0.01),添加平方项和交互项后,增强的R2解释率也达到显著水平(R2=0.01,F=2.89,P<0.05),可以进行RSA。
RSA发现,LOC的负向线性效应有统计学意义(α1=-0.43,95%CI=-0.62~-0.25,P<0.05),一致性的曲线效应无统计学意义(α2=0.03,95%CI=-0.06~0.11,P>0.05),表明当PCRs与PCRp一致时,IPs会随着亲子关系得分的减少而增加。非一致性的负向线性效应有统计学意义(α3=-0.36,95%CI=-0.51~-0.19,P<0.05),非一致性的曲线效应无统计学意义(α4=0.11,95%CI=-0.04~0.26,P>0.05);与PCRp低于PCRs相比,PCRp高于PCRs时,初中生内化问题更多。
本研究使用RSA探究父母-初中生感知的亲子关系的一致性和差异性与初中生内化问题的关联,不仅有助于揭示亲子关系在初中生内化问题形成、发展中的作用机制,也可为改善亲子关系、促进初中生心理健康提供实践指导。研究发现,父母与初中生感知的亲子关系存在差异,父母感知的亲子关系水平高于初中生,与以往研究一致[10]。可能是因为父母往往倾向于对孩子给出积极评价,对孩子的过度理想化或积极错觉导致其高估亲子关系的质量[19]。除此之外,本研究结果显示,父母与初中生感知的亲子关系得分不一致比例达到58.44%,表明现实生活中亲子关系感知差异现象比较突出,与吕军等[9]研究结果一致,可能与初中生心理发展阶段特点、父母行为方式与亲子关系沟通质量等因素有关[20]。因此,在初中生亲子关系相关研究中应重视父母和子女所报告的亲子关系差异性问题,对初中生的心理健康促进具有重要意义。
本研究发现,在父母与初中生的亲子关系感知一致时,初中生内化问题会随着亲子关系水平的提高而减少,上述结果得到以往研究的支持[21]。可能是因为当父母和初中生对于亲子关系的感知一致时,双方对彼此的期望和行为模式都有清晰的理解和认同,能在最大程度上减少双方的冲突和误解。初中生能够感受到被父母理解和认同,父母也能从中感受养育的乐趣,双方均产生更多的积极情绪和更少的消极情绪,进而减少初中生内化问题的产生。
本研究还发现,在父母与初中生感知的亲子关系不一致时,与父母感知的亲子关系低于初中生感知的亲子关系相比,父母感知的亲子关系高于初中生感知的亲子关系时,初中生内化问题更多,与已有研究相似[16],意味着对于初中生内化问题的感知更多受到自身感受的影响。这一发现符合“分歧-不适”假说观点,即父母对亲子关系的盲目高估,可能让父母不能及时感知到初中生的真实感受与实际问题,造成初中生问题行为的进一步发展[22]。另外,根据认知建构理论的观点,个体是通过与环境的互动构建知识和对事物的理解。个体的感受更能反映自身如何通过与环境的互动来构建和调整自己的认知框架,准确预测自己的心理体验和行为选择[23]。因此,父母和子女的人生阅历和知识经验可能导致双方在亲子关系感知之间存在差异,亲子关系感知差异以及其对初中生内化问题的影响可能难以避免。
本研究存在一些不足:(1)横断面设计仅能调查某一时间点上各变量的特点,无法从时间维度上观察变量及其相互关系的变化。未来可使用纵向追踪研究设计来探讨各变量的动态变化过程。(2)研究只关注了亲子关系和内化问题的关系,在未来研究中还可以纳入亲子分离[24]、同伴关系[2]等因素,进一步探索两者关系的中间因素[6]及内在机制。(3)因调研时间问题,研究抽取了七、八年级学生,未涵盖九年级学生,后续研究会进一步抽取各年级样本。
  • 贵州省2024年高校人文社会科学研究项目(2024RW280)
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2025年第46卷第8期
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doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025252
  • 接收时间:2025-01-03
  • 首发时间:2026-11-06
  • 出版时间:2025-08-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-03
  • 修回日期:2025-03-02
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贵州省2024年高校人文社会科学研究项目(2024RW280)
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    1安顺学院教育科学学院, 贵州 561000
    2安顺学院特殊儿童发展与融合教育实验室
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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