Article(id=1325530013914915400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, issueId=1325529948685091532, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025258, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1740326400000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-24, revisedDate=1744646400000, revisedDateStr=2025-04-15, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793960582448, onlineDateStr=2026-11-06, pubDate=1756051200000, pubDateStr=2025-08-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793960582448, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793960582448, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793960582448, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1325529948685091532, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, year='2025', volume='46', issue='8', pageStart='1065', pageEnd='1216', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1756051200000', pubDateStr='2025-08-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793960566921, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793960566921, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1180, endPage=1184, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1325530014166573641, articleId=1325530013914915400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=EN, title=Association of serum alanine aminotransferase level with left ventricular hypertrophy in adolescents, columnId=1259565862181286284, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of School Health, columnName=Growth, Development and Surveillance, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the association of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in adolescents, and to provide scientific evidence for the early screening and intervention strategy of cardiac structure damage.

Methods

Data were obtained from the third follow-up survey (October 2023) of the "Huantai Childhood Cardiovascular Health Cohort Study", including 1 156 healthy adolescents aged 12-17 with complete information. The sample population was stratified into low (Q1 group), medium (Q2 group), and high (Q3 group) ALT levels based on tertiles within the same gender and age groups. Inter-group comparisons were conducted using analysis of variance and trend test. A multivariate Logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between ALT levels and LVH, and stratified analyses were performed by gender and age groups.

Results

With the increase of ALT quantile level, the detection rate of LVH showed an increasing trend (Q1: 3.7%; Q2: 10.6%; Q3: 16.7%, Z=5.89, P < 0.01). After adjusting for potential covariates, compared with the ALT group (Q1), the group (Q3) increased the risk of developing LVH in adolescents (OR=2.09, 95%CI=1.21-4.12). Stratified analyses by age and sex showed a significant association only in boys and younger individuals aged 12 to 14 years [OR (95%CI) were 2.64(1.04-7.67) and 3.24(1.35-9.06), both P < 0.05)].

Conclusion

Elevated serum ALT levels are associated with an increased risk of LVH in adolescents, and early detection and control of abnormal liver enzyme levels can help reduce early vascular structural damage and prevent adverse cardiovascular events.

, authors=Peng JIA1, 2, Min ZHAO3, Jiahong SUN*, 4, Bo XI*, 1, 2, authorsList=Peng JIA, Min ZHAO, Jiahong SUN, Bo XI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jiahong SUN, Bo XI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Chinese Journal of School Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1325530016242754122, articleId=1325530013914915400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=CN, title=青少年血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶水平与左心室肥厚的关联, columnId=1259565866786632093, journalTitle=中国学校卫生, columnName=生长发育与健康监测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探讨青少年血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)与左心室肥厚(LVH)的关联,为心脏结构损害的早期筛查及干预提供科学依据。

方法

数据来源于“桓台儿童心血管健康随访队列”的2023年10月第3次随访调查数据,共纳入1 156名12~17岁具有完整信息的青少年。将样本人群同性别、同年龄别ALT水平按照三分位数进行低水平(Q1组)、中水平(Q2组)、高水平(Q3组)分组,组间比较采用方差分析和趋势检验,采用多元Logistic回归模型分析青少年ALT水平与LVH的关联,并按性别和年龄组进行分层分析。

结果

随着ALT分位水平的增加,青少年LVH检出率(Q1:3.7%;Q2:10.6%;Q3:16.7%)呈现增加趋势(Z=5.89,P < 0.01)。调整潜在协变量后,多元Logistic回归模型分析结果显示,与ALT Q1组相比,Q3组增加青少年LVH发生风险(OR=2.09,95%CI=1.21~4.12);性别和年龄亚组分析结果显示,ALT Q3组与青少年LVH仅在男生和12~14岁年龄组中存在关联[OR值(95%CI)分别为2.64(1.04~7.67),3.24(1.35~9.06)](P值均 < 0.05)。

结论

青少年血清ALT升高增加LVH发生风险,及早发现并控制异常的血清ALT有助于减少青少年早期心脏结构损害,进而预防不良心血管事件的发生。

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贾鹏(1998-),男,山东日照人,在读硕士,主要研究方向为儿童心血管健康

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孙嘉鸿,E-mail:
席波,E-mail:
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Pediatr Cardiol, 2014, 35(2): 353-360., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1325530020835517050, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530013914915400, awardId=null, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(81673195), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1325530016473440843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530013914915400, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325530016481829452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530013914915400, companyId=1325530016473440843, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Department of Epidemiology/Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250012, Shandong Province, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325530016490218061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530013914915400, companyId=1325530016473440843, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1山东大学齐鲁医学院公共卫生学院流行病学系/儿少卫生与妇幼保健学系,济南 250012)]), AuthorCompany(id=1325530016616047182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530013914915400, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325530016624435791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530013914915400, companyId=1325530016616047182, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2山东大学儿童心血管研究中心)]), AuthorCompany(id=1325530016695738960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530013914915400, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325530016704127569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530013914915400, companyId=1325530016695738960, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3山东大学齐鲁医学院公共卫生学院营养与食品卫生学系)]), AuthorCompany(id=1325530016788013650, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530013914915400, xref=4, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325530016796402259, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530013914915400, companyId=1325530016788013650, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4广东医科大学公共卫生学院预防医学系)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1325530018700616308, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530013914915400, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Comparison of basic characteristics among adolescents by sex(x ±s)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性别人数BMI/ (kg·m-2)SBP/ mmHgDBP/ mmHg睡眠时间/ (h·d-1)视屏时间/ (h·d-1)*FPG/ (mmol·L-1)HDL-C/ (mmol·L-1)LDL-C/ (mmol·L-1)TG/ (mmol·L-1)ALT/ (U·L-1)*LVMI/ (g·m-2.7)
男生60422.90±4.95121.40±12.1061.60±7.477.40±1.300.86(0.29,1.52)4.73±0.481.46±0.282.15±0.720.89±0.4516.10(12.70, 20.63)32.47±5.20
女生55221.94±4.41110.80±10.3261.55±7.077.35±0.890.64(0.29,1.29)4.66±0.431.55±0.292.22±0.680.96±0.3911.80(9.70, 15.00)30.76±4.86
总体1 15622.44±4.72116.34±12.4661.57±7.287.38±1.120.64(0.29,1.43)4.70±0.461.50±0.292.18±0.700.92±0.4213.80(10.80, 18.10)31.66±5.11
t值3.4716.080.080.833.032.385.271.652.648.835.77
P值< 0.01< 0.010.940.41< 0.010.02< 0.010.100.01< 0.01< 0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1325530020369949301, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530013914915400, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同性别青少年基本指标比较(x ±s)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性别人数BMI/ (kg·m-2)SBP/ mmHgDBP/ mmHg睡眠时间/ (h·d-1)视屏时间/ (h·d-1)*FPG/ (mmol·L-1)HDL-C/ (mmol·L-1)LDL-C/ (mmol·L-1)TG/ (mmol·L-1)ALT/ (U·L-1)*LVMI/ (g·m-2.7)
男生60422.90±4.95121.40±12.1061.60±7.477.40±1.300.86(0.29,1.52)4.73±0.481.46±0.282.15±0.720.89±0.4516.10(12.70, 20.63)32.47±5.20
女生55221.94±4.41110.80±10.3261.55±7.077.35±0.890.64(0.29,1.29)4.66±0.431.55±0.292.22±0.680.96±0.3911.80(9.70, 15.00)30.76±4.86
总体1 15622.44±4.72116.34±12.4661.57±7.287.38±1.120.64(0.29,1.43)4.70±0.461.50±0.292.18±0.700.92±0.4213.80(10.80, 18.10)31.66±5.11
t值3.4716.080.080.833.032.385.271.652.648.835.77
P值< 0.01< 0.010.940.41< 0.010.02< 0.010.100.01< 0.01< 0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1325530020449641078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530013914915400, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Comparison of LVMI levels and detection rates of LVH in different ALT level groups of adolescents

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别选项Q1Q2Q3FLVMI值ZLVH值
人数LVMI/(g·m-2.7)LVH检出人数人数LVMI/(g·m-2.7)LVH检出人数人数LVMI/(g·m-2.7)LVH检出人数
性别男19831.20±4.426(3.0)20231.97±4.8517(8.4)20434.20±5.7740(19.6)19.325.82
女18129.75±4.538(4.4)18530.89±4.8624(13.0)18631.62±5.0025(13.4)7.082.83
年龄/岁12~1420930.72±4.106(2.9)21432.00±5.0424(11.2)21532.93±5.6436(16.7)10.444.69
15~1717030.23±5.008(4.7)17330.77±4.6017(9.8)17533.03±5.4929(16.6)15.093.61
总体37930.51±4.5314(3.7)38731.45±4.8841(10.6)39032.98±5.5665(16.7)23.815.89
), ArticleFig(id=1325530020533527159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530013914915400, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同ALT水平青少年LVMI水平和LVH检出率比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别选项Q1Q2Q3FLVMI值ZLVH值
人数LVMI/(g·m-2.7)LVH检出人数人数LVMI/(g·m-2.7)LVH检出人数人数LVMI/(g·m-2.7)LVH检出人数
性别男19831.20±4.426(3.0)20231.97±4.8517(8.4)20434.20±5.7740(19.6)19.325.82
女18129.75±4.538(4.4)18530.89±4.8624(13.0)18631.62±5.0025(13.4)7.082.83
年龄/岁12~1420930.72±4.106(2.9)21432.00±5.0424(11.2)21532.93±5.6436(16.7)10.444.69
15~1717030.23±5.008(4.7)17330.77±4.6017(9.8)17533.03±5.4929(16.6)15.093.61
总体37930.51±4.5314(3.7)38731.45±4.8841(10.6)39032.98±5.5665(16.7)23.815.89
), ArticleFig(id=1325530020617413240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530013914915400, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Logistic regression analysis of the association between different ALT levels and LVH among adolescents

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自变量选项ALT水平人数模型1模型2模型3
OR值(95%CI)P值OR值(95%CI)P值OR值(95%CI)P值
年龄/岁12~14Q12091.001.001.00
Q22144.28(1.82~11.75)< 0.014.58(1.93~12.68)< 0.013.31(1.35~9.38)0.01
Q32156.80(3.00~18.30)< 0.017.11(3.12~19.24)< 0.013.24(1.35~9.06)0.02
15~17Q11701.001.001.00
Q21732.20(0.95~5.53)0.082.25(0.97~5.68)0.071.55(0.58~4.39)0.39
Q31754.02(1.86~9.68)< 0.014.07(1.88~9.84)< 0.011.13(0.44~3.06)0.81
性别男生Q11981.001.001.00
Q22022.94(1.19~8.30)0.033.24(1.30~9.20)0.022.20(0.83~6.52)0.13
Q32047.81(3.47~20.92)< 0.018.36(3.69~22.5)< 0.012.64(1.04~7.67)0.03
女生Q11811.001.001.00
Q21853.22(1.47~7.85)0.013.24(1.47~7.90)0.012.66(1.12~6.88)0.03
Q31863.36(1.53~8.16)< 0.013.40(1.33~8.28)< 0.011.45(0.60~3.78)0.42
总体Q13791.001.001.00
Q23873.09(1.70~5.96)< 0.013.19(1.75~6.18)< 0.012.35(1.23~4.71)0.01
Q33905.21(2.96~9.84)< 0.015.34(3.03~10.10)< 0.012.09(1.21~4.12)0.03
), ArticleFig(id=1325530020726465145, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530013914915400, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同ALT水平与青少年LVH关联的Logistic回归分析

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自变量选项ALT水平人数模型1模型2模型3
OR值(95%CI)P值OR值(95%CI)P值OR值(95%CI)P值
年龄/岁12~14Q12091.001.001.00
Q22144.28(1.82~11.75)< 0.014.58(1.93~12.68)< 0.013.31(1.35~9.38)0.01
Q32156.80(3.00~18.30)< 0.017.11(3.12~19.24)< 0.013.24(1.35~9.06)0.02
15~17Q11701.001.001.00
Q21732.20(0.95~5.53)0.082.25(0.97~5.68)0.071.55(0.58~4.39)0.39
Q31754.02(1.86~9.68)< 0.014.07(1.88~9.84)< 0.011.13(0.44~3.06)0.81
性别男生Q11981.001.001.00
Q22022.94(1.19~8.30)0.033.24(1.30~9.20)0.022.20(0.83~6.52)0.13
Q32047.81(3.47~20.92)< 0.018.36(3.69~22.5)< 0.012.64(1.04~7.67)0.03
女生Q11811.001.001.00
Q21853.22(1.47~7.85)0.013.24(1.47~7.90)0.012.66(1.12~6.88)0.03
Q31863.36(1.53~8.16)< 0.013.40(1.33~8.28)< 0.011.45(0.60~3.78)0.42
总体Q13791.001.001.00
Q23873.09(1.70~5.96)< 0.013.19(1.75~6.18)< 0.012.35(1.23~4.71)0.01
Q33905.21(2.96~9.84)< 0.015.34(3.03~10.10)< 0.012.09(1.21~4.12)0.03
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青少年血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶水平与左心室肥厚的关联
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贾鹏 1, 2 , 赵敏 3 , 孙嘉鸿 *, 4 , 席波 *, 1, 2
中国学校卫生 | 生长发育与健康监测 2025,46(8): 1180-1184
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中国学校卫生 |生长发育与健康监测 2025 , 46 (8) : 1180 -1184
青少年血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶水平与左心室肥厚的关联
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贾鹏1, 2, 赵敏3, 孙嘉鸿*, 4 , 席波*, 1, 2
作者信息
  • 1山东大学齐鲁医学院公共卫生学院流行病学系/儿少卫生与妇幼保健学系,济南 250012
  • 2山东大学儿童心血管研究中心
  • 3山东大学齐鲁医学院公共卫生学院营养与食品卫生学系
  • 4广东医科大学公共卫生学院预防医学系
通讯作者:
孙嘉鸿,E-mail:
席波,E-mail:
作者简介:

贾鹏(1998-),男,山东日照人,在读硕士,主要研究方向为儿童心血管健康

Association of serum alanine aminotransferase level with left ventricular hypertrophy in adolescents
Peng JIA1, 2, Min ZHAO3, Jiahong SUN*, 4 , Bo XI*, 1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Epidemiology/Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250012, Shandong Province, China
出版时间: 2025-08-25 doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025258
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目的

探讨青少年血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)与左心室肥厚(LVH)的关联,为心脏结构损害的早期筛查及干预提供科学依据。

方法

数据来源于“桓台儿童心血管健康随访队列”的2023年10月第3次随访调查数据,共纳入1 156名12~17岁具有完整信息的青少年。将样本人群同性别、同年龄别ALT水平按照三分位数进行低水平(Q1组)、中水平(Q2组)、高水平(Q3组)分组,组间比较采用方差分析和趋势检验,采用多元Logistic回归模型分析青少年ALT水平与LVH的关联,并按性别和年龄组进行分层分析。

结果

随着ALT分位水平的增加,青少年LVH检出率(Q1:3.7%;Q2:10.6%;Q3:16.7%)呈现增加趋势(Z=5.89,P < 0.01)。调整潜在协变量后,多元Logistic回归模型分析结果显示,与ALT Q1组相比,Q3组增加青少年LVH发生风险(OR=2.09,95%CI=1.21~4.12);性别和年龄亚组分析结果显示,ALT Q3组与青少年LVH仅在男生和12~14岁年龄组中存在关联[OR值(95%CI)分别为2.64(1.04~7.67),3.24(1.35~9.06)](P值均 < 0.05)。

结论

青少年血清ALT升高增加LVH发生风险,及早发现并控制异常的血清ALT有助于减少青少年早期心脏结构损害,进而预防不良心血管事件的发生。

丙氨酸氨基转移酶  /  肥大,左心室  /  生长和发育  /  回归分析  /  青少年
Objective

To investigate the association of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in adolescents, and to provide scientific evidence for the early screening and intervention strategy of cardiac structure damage.

Methods

Data were obtained from the third follow-up survey (October 2023) of the "Huantai Childhood Cardiovascular Health Cohort Study", including 1 156 healthy adolescents aged 12-17 with complete information. The sample population was stratified into low (Q1 group), medium (Q2 group), and high (Q3 group) ALT levels based on tertiles within the same gender and age groups. Inter-group comparisons were conducted using analysis of variance and trend test. A multivariate Logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between ALT levels and LVH, and stratified analyses were performed by gender and age groups.

Results

With the increase of ALT quantile level, the detection rate of LVH showed an increasing trend (Q1: 3.7%; Q2: 10.6%; Q3: 16.7%, Z=5.89, P < 0.01). After adjusting for potential covariates, compared with the ALT group (Q1), the group (Q3) increased the risk of developing LVH in adolescents (OR=2.09, 95%CI=1.21-4.12). Stratified analyses by age and sex showed a significant association only in boys and younger individuals aged 12 to 14 years [OR (95%CI) were 2.64(1.04-7.67) and 3.24(1.35-9.06), both P < 0.05)].

Conclusion

Elevated serum ALT levels are associated with an increased risk of LVH in adolescents, and early detection and control of abnormal liver enzyme levels can help reduce early vascular structural damage and prevent adverse cardiovascular events.

Alanine aminotransferase  /  Hypertrophy, left ventricular  /  Growth and development  /  Regression analysis  /  Adolescent
贾鹏, 赵敏, 孙嘉鸿, 席波. 青少年血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶水平与左心室肥厚的关联. 中国学校卫生, 2025 , 46 (8) : 1180 -1184 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025258
Peng JIA, Min ZHAO, Jiahong SUN, Bo XI. Association of serum alanine aminotransferase level with left ventricular hypertrophy in adolescents[J]. Chinese Journal of School Health, 2025 , 46 (8) : 1180 -1184 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025258
左心室肥厚(left ventricular hypertrophy, LVH)是指心室壁增厚、心肌重量增加和心肌结构发生重塑的现象[1],被视为心功能不全、心律失常、脑卒中乃至猝死等不良心脑血管事件的独立危险因素[2]。研究表明,LVH逆转能够显著降低心血管事件和死亡风险[3]。因此,早期识别并干预LVH的发生发展,对于促进青少年的心脏健康至关重要。肝脏代谢异常可导致动脉粥样硬化及相关心血管疾病的发生发展[4]。丙氨酸氨基转移酶(alanine aminotransferase, ALT)作为肝脏功能的常用生化指标,其水平异常与多种代谢性疾病及心血管疾病密切相关[5]。目前,已有研究探讨了青少年ALT升高与空腹血糖受损、代谢综合征的发生均呈正相关[6]。本研究旨在探讨ALT水平与青少年LVH的关联,揭示肝脏健康在心脏损害预防中的潜在重要性,为预防心血管疾病的发生提供依据。
研究数据来源于山东省淄博市桓台县开展的“桓台儿童心血管健康随访队列”2023年10月第3次随访数据,在最初调查的1 200名青少年中,排除体格测量、超声测量和血生化检测数据缺失者44名,最终共纳入1 156名12~17岁具有完整信息的青少年。其中男生604名,女生552名;平均年龄(14.13±1.51)岁。该研究已获得山东大学公共卫生学院伦理委员会的审批(批号:20160308),所有研究对象及其家长/监护人均签署书面知情同意书。
采用PHILIPS CX30彩色多普勒超声诊断仪(配备S4-2型凸阵探头,频率为2~4 MHz)进行测量。依据美国超声心动图协会(American Society of Echocardiography, ASE)2010年儿科心脏测量指南[7],测量学生左心室内径(left ventricular internal diameter, LVID)、间隔厚度(inter ventricular septal thickness, IVST)和左心室后壁厚度(left ventricular posterior wall thickness, LVPWT)。采用ASE法Devereux校正公式计算左心室质量(leftventricularmass, LVM)[8],LVM(g)=0.8×1.04×[(IVST+LVID+LVPWT)3-LVID3]+0.6;据deSimone公式[9]计算左心室质量指数(left ventricular mass index, LVMI):LVMI(g/m2.7)=LVM/身高2.7。
测量研究对象身高、体重、收缩压(systolic blood pressure, SBP)和舒张压(diastolic blood pressure, DBP)。(1)身高、体重测量使用HGM-300型超声身高体重仪。测量时,要求受试者脱去鞋子、帽子及外套,身体直立并目视前方。待仪器显示稳定后读数,身高和体重分别精确到0.1 cm和0.1 kg。连续测量2次,分别取平均值用于本次分析。体质量指数(body mass index, BMI)=体重(kg)/[身高(m)]2。根据《学龄儿童青少年超重与肥胖筛查》(WS/T 586—2018)标准[10],将BMI分为正常、超重和肥胖。(2)测量血压时,要求调查对象至少休息10 min后取坐位,双脚平放于地面,充分暴露右上臂,右臂自然放于桌面上。根据臂围选择合适的袖带,保证袖带中心和心脏中心在同一高度。每名受试者至少测量3次,且任意两次之间的血压差值不超过10 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),取后两次测量值的平均值作为最终血压值。
受试者隔夜空腹至少10 h,次日清晨由专业护士采集5 mL静脉血。常温静置30 min后,进行离心处理(离心半径13.5 cm,转速3 000 r/min),离心分装并存于-80 ℃冰箱。采用丙氨酸底物法测量ALT水平。采用AU480全自动生化分析仪(美国)测量空腹血糖(fasting plasma glucose, FPG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C)、甘油三酯(triglyceride, TG)。
采用自行设计的问卷,随机抽取13名调查对象进行复填,结果显示一致性较好(Kappa值均>0.8)[11]。调查内容主要包括年龄、性别、睡眠时间、视屏时间、身体活动水平和蔬菜水果及饮料摄入等。蔬菜水果摄入分为适宜(≥5份/d)和不足(< 5份/d)[12],身体活动水平分为适宜(≥1 h/d)和不足(< 1 h/d)[13],视屏时间分为适宜(≤2 h/d)和过多(>2 h/d)[14],碳酸饮料摄入频率分为适宜(< 1次/周)和过多(≥1次/周)[15]。由于目前国内尚无青少年LVH的判别标准,参考既往研究[16],本研究将LVMI≥本人群同性别、同年龄别P90界值的个体定义为LVH。参考既往研究[17],将本人群同性别、同年龄别ALT水平按照三分位数分为低水平(Q1组)、中水平(Q2组)、高水平(Q3组)。
调查前,对工作人员进行规范化培训和考核,所有仪器均进行测试和校正,测量过程由质控员进行现场监督。由一名具有专业资质的超声科医生进行全程测量,同时安排一名工作人员进行数据的同步核对。为避免“白大衣效应”,要求测量血压的工作人员身着便衣。
采用EpiData 3.1软件建立数据库,由调查员进行双人双录入,以确保数据录入的准确性和可靠性。并对两次录入数据进行核对,同时运用逻辑校验机制识别潜在错误和异常值。如发现数据不一致,追溯原始调查问卷进行审核校对,及时予以纠正。
采用R 4.4.1软件进行统计学分析。连续型变量使用Quantile-Quantile plot进行正态性判定,近似符合正态分布的数据采用(x ±s)描述,不符合正态分布的数据采用M(P25, P75)描述,不同性别间的差异分析采用t检验;分类变量采用频数(百分比)进行描述,不同性别间的差异分析采用χ2检验。采用单因素方差分析比较不同ALT水平组间青少年LVMI水平,并采用Cochran-Armitage趋势检验法分析LVH检出率。采用多因素Logistic回归模型分析血清ALT水平与LVH的关联,并按性别和年龄组进行分层分析。双侧检验水准α=0.05。
调查的1 156名青少年中,总体身体活动水平和蔬菜水果摄入适宜的比例分别为45.5%(319名)、19.1%(295名);男、女生身体活动水平适宜[36.1%(218名),18.3%(101名)]和不足[63.9%(386名),81.7%(451名)]构成比差异有统计学意义(χ2=44.82,P < 0.05),蔬菜水果摄入适宜[27.8%(168名),23.0%(127名)]和不足[72.2%(436名),77.0%(425名)]构成比差异无统计学意义(χ2=3.26,P=0.07)。总体碳酸饮料摄入水平和视屏时间适宜的比例分别是79.0%(913名),85.8%(992名);男、女碳酸饮料摄入每周>1次[25.7%(155名),15.9%(88名)]和每周≤1次[74.3%(449名),84.1%(464名)]构成比差异有统计学意义(χ2=15.71,P < 0.01),视屏时间>2 h/d[16.2%(98名),12.0%(66名)]和≤2 h/d[83.8%(506名),88.0%(486名)]构成比差异无统计学意义(χ2=3.92,P=0.05)。ALT的Q1、Q2、Q3组比例分别为32.8%(379名)、33.5%(387名)、33.7%(390名),男生[32.8%(198名)、33.5%(185名)、33.7%(186名)]与女生[32.8%(181名)、33.5%(185名)、33.7%(186名)]各组构成比差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.01,P=1.00);正常和LVH者比例分别为89.6%(1 036名)、10.4%(120名),男生[89.6%(541名)、10.4%(63名)]与女生[89.7%(495名)、10.3%(57名)]构成比差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.00,P=1.00)。由表1可见,男生BMI、SBP、视屏时间、空腹血糖、ALT、LVMI均高于女生(P值均 < 0.05)。
在总体中,随着ALT水平增加,LVMI水平差异有统计学意义(F=23.81,P < 0.01),LVH检出率同样呈现增加趋势(Z=5.89,P < 0.01);按照性别和年龄分层后的结果与总体类似(P值均 < 0.01)。见表2。
因变量分为LVH(赋值为1)与正常(赋值为0),调整性别、年龄、BMI、身体活动水平、视屏时间、睡眠时间、蔬菜水果摄入、碳酸饮料摄入、SBP和DBP等协变量后,Logistic回归模型分析结果显示,与ALT低水平组相比,中水平组Q2(OR=2.35,95%CI=1.23~4.71)和高水平组Q3(OR=2.09,95%CI=1.21~4.12)青少年的LVH发生可能性增加(P值均 < 0.05)。在男生和12~14岁组中,分析结果与总体类似(P值均 < 0.05);而在女生和15~17岁中,调整超重肥胖、SBP和DBP后,高ALT水平与LVH关联无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。见表3。
本研究结果显示,青少年人群血清高ALT水平与LVH存在关联,且在男生和12~14岁年龄组中关联更为显著。丹麦一项调查研究显示,青少年血清ALT水平升高可增加超重肥胖的风险[18]。另外一项对安徽3 114名青少年的研究结果显示,ALT水平与血压水平之间存在正相关,提示ALT水平增加可能与心血管风险增加有关[19]。多项既往研究数据表明,ALT升高与代谢综合征及其相关组分、糖尿病、动脉粥样硬化血栓形成、心血管疾病的风险增加相关[20-21]。提示通过早期识别和干预高ALT水平青少年,可能有助于预防早期心脏损害和未来心血管疾病的发生和发展。
本研究亚组分析发现,男生和低年龄组青少年ALT水平升高与LVH相关,然而在女生和高年龄组青少年控制超重肥胖和血压偏高后关联无统计学意义,其中性别差异的原因可能是心脏代谢存在性别差异。美国的研究显示,较高的BMI被确定为女性LVH最重要的混杂因素[22]。与以上研究同一队列的另外一项研究显示,BMI与男性LVH相关性较低[23],其中年龄的差别可能与青春期心脏发育特点有关。一项基于山东临沂622名6~17岁儿童青少年的研究发现,儿童青少年心脏发育随年龄而增大,到15岁以后基本接近成人水平[24],其中LVMI水平升高与肥胖和血压偏高有更显著的关联[25-26]。一项基于2 071名10~18岁青少年的研究发现,其BMI和血压增加均与LVMI水平升高呈正相关,且超重、肥胖与青少年的LVM增加具有相关性[27]。
综上所述,青少年血清ALT水平升高与LVH相关,及早发现并控制血清异常肝酶水平有助于降低早期心脏结构损害,从而预防不良心血管事件的发生。本研究存在以下不足:(1)本研究为一次横断面调查,尚不能进行因果推断;(2)本研究的数据仅来源于一所学校,限制了结果的外推性;(3)在Logistic回归分析模型中,体重状态只分为体重正常和超重肥胖两个水平,并未详细分类;(4)研究对象为健康青少年,尽管将ALT水平进行三分位数分组,但各组的ALT水平绝大多数处于正常范围内,因此上述关联结果仅供参考。在今后的研究中,需要扩大样本量,并采用前瞻性队列研究设计,进一步探讨和验证青少年血清肝酶水平对近期心脏结构损害的影响。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(81673195)
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2025年第46卷第8期
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doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025258
  • 接收时间:2025-02-24
  • 首发时间:2026-11-06
  • 出版时间:2025-08-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-24
  • 修回日期:2025-04-15
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国家自然科学基金项目(81673195)
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    1山东大学齐鲁医学院公共卫生学院流行病学系/儿少卫生与妇幼保健学系,济南 250012
    2山东大学儿童心血管研究中心
    3山东大学齐鲁医学院公共卫生学院营养与食品卫生学系
    4广东医科大学公共卫生学院预防医学系

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