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Article(id=1325530003101999603, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, issueId=1325529948685091532, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025212, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1739980800000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-20, revisedDate=1748275200000, revisedDateStr=2025-05-27, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793960579895, onlineDateStr=2026-11-06, pubDate=1756051200000, pubDateStr=2025-08-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793960579895, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793960579895, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793960579895, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1325529948685091532, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, year='2025', volume='46', issue='8', pageStart='1065', pageEnd='1216', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1756051200000', pubDateStr='2025-08-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793960566921, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793960566921, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1134, endPage=1137, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1325530003332686324, articleId=1325530003101999603, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=EN, title=Correlation of parent-child relationships with junior high school students bullying behaviors and social cohesion, columnId=1259565855189418448, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of School Health, columnName=Mental Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To examine the association between parent-child relationships and bullying behaviors among junior high school students, and to explore the moderating effect of community cohesion, so as to provide evidences for bullying intervention strategies.

Methods

From November to December 2017, a cluster sampling method was used to survey 1 589 students in grades 6-8 from three junior high schools in Jing'an District, Shanghai. Anonymous electronic questionnaires collected data on parent-child relationships, community cohesion, and bullying behaviors. Multivariate Logistic regression analyzed the associations and moderation effects.

Results

The prevalence of bullying behaviors among junior high school students was 7.80%. Spearman correlation analysis revealed negative associations between both parent-child relationships (r=-0.13) and community cohesion (r=-0.10) with bullying behaviors, while parent-child relationships positively correlated with community cohesion (r=0.29) (all P < 0.01). Junior high school students with positive parent-child relationships and higher perceived community cohesion showed lower risks of bullying behaviors (OR=0.51, 95%CI=0.36-0.72; OR=0.58, 95%CI=0.45-0.76), with a significant interaction effect between the two factors (all P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Positive parent-child relationships and community cohesion are negatively associated with bullying behaviors in middle school students. Supportive family relationships help reduce bullying, while stronger community cohesion enhances the protective effect of positive parent-child relationships against bullying.

, authors=Lijun YOU, Chaohua LOU, Chunyan YU, Qiguo LIAN, Yuhang FANG, Xiaowen TU, Xiayun ZUO*, authorsList=Lijun YOU, Chaohua LOU, Chunyan YU, Qiguo LIAN, Yuhang FANG, Xiaowen TU, Xiayun ZUO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xiayun ZUO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Chinese Journal of School Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1325530003961831927, articleId=1325530003101999603, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=CN, title=亲子关系与初中生欺凌行为及社区凝聚力的关联, columnId=1259565858817491410, journalTitle=中国学校卫生, columnName=心理卫生, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探讨初中生的亲子关系与欺凌行为的关联以及社区凝聚力的调节作用, 为开展青少年欺凌行为的干预提供依据。

方法

2017年11—12月, 采用整群抽样的方法选取上海市静安区3所初中的六至八年级1 589名学生进行问卷调查。使用匿名电子问卷收集亲子关系、社区凝聚力和欺凌行为等数据。采用多因素Logistic回归分析亲子关系与欺凌行为的关联以及社区凝聚力的调节作用。

结果

初中生欺凌行为的报告率为7.80%。Spearman相关分析结果显示, 亲子关系和社区凝聚力与初中生欺凌行为均呈负相关(r值分别为-0.13, -0.10), 亲子关系与社区凝聚力呈正相关(r=0.29)(P值均 < 0.01)。具有积极的亲子关系和感知社区凝聚力水平较高的初中生欺凌行为发生风险较低(OR=0.51, 95%CI=0.36~0.72;OR=0.58, 95%CI=0.45~0.76), 亲子关系与社区凝聚力之间有交互作用(P值均 < 0.05)。

结论

初中生的积极亲子关系和社区凝聚力与欺凌行为存在负相关, 积极的亲子关系有利于减少初中生的欺凌行为, 较高的社区凝聚力能增强积极亲子关系对欺凌行为的保护作用。

, authors=尤丽君, 楼超华, 余春艳, 廉启国, 房宇航, 涂晓雯, 左霞云*, authorsList=尤丽君, 楼超华, 余春艳, 廉启国, 房宇航, 涂晓雯, 左霞云, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=左霞云, authorNote=

尤丽君(1999-), 女, 福建泉州人, 在读硕士, 主要研究方向为青少年健康

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左霞云，E-mail:
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Comparison of the reporting rates of bullying behaviors among junior high school students with different characteristics

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量选项人数欺凌行为报告人数χ2值P值
性别男80079(9.88)9.61＜0.01
女78945(5.70)
年龄/岁10~1279157(7.21)0.780.38
13~1479867(8.40)
是否上海出生*是1 338104(7.77)0.030.86
否23419(8.12)
是否与父母居住是1 21376(6.27)12.55＜0.01
在一起*否33240(12.05)
是否独生子女*是98368(6.92)2.590.11
否56652(9.19)
父母婚姻状况*在婚1 38897(6.99)9.07＜0.01
离婚/丧偶18925(13.23)
父母最高受教育初中及以下19020(10.53)2.370.31
水平*高中/中专/技校47936(7.52)
大学及以上80158(7.24)
自我报告的学习较差21326(12.21)6.860.03
成绩*一般64647(7.28)
较好71249(6.88)
), ArticleFig(id=1325530009515090477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530003101999603, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同特征初中生欺凌行为报告率比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量选项人数欺凌行为报告人数χ2值P值
性别男80079(9.88)9.61＜0.01
女78945(5.70)
年龄/岁10~1279157(7.21)0.780.38
13~1479867(8.40)
是否上海出生*是1 338104(7.77)0.030.86
否23419(8.12)
是否与父母居住是1 21376(6.27)12.55＜0.01
在一起*否33240(12.05)
是否独生子女*是98368(6.92)2.590.11
否56652(9.19)
父母婚姻状况*在婚1 38897(6.99)9.07＜0.01
离婚/丧偶18925(13.23)
父母最高受教育初中及以下19020(10.53)2.370.31
水平*高中/中专/技校47936(7.52)
大学及以上80158(7.24)
自我报告的学习较差21326(12.21)6.860.03
成绩*一般64647(7.28)
较好71249(6.88)
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亲子关系与初中生欺凌行为及社区凝聚力的关联
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尤丽君 , 楼超华 , 余春艳 , 廉启国 , 房宇航 , 涂晓雯 , 左霞云 *
中国学校卫生 | 心理卫生 2025,46(8): 1134-1137
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中国学校卫生 |心理卫生 2025 , 46 (8) : 1134 -1137
亲子关系与初中生欺凌行为及社区凝聚力的关联
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尤丽君, 楼超华, 余春艳, 廉启国, 房宇航, 涂晓雯, 左霞云*
作者信息
  • 复旦大学公共卫生学院/上海市生物医药技术研究院/上海市疾病与健康基因组学重点实验室/国家卫生健康委员会计划生育药具重点实验室, 上海 200237
通讯作者:
左霞云，E-mail:
作者简介:

尤丽君(1999-), 女, 福建泉州人, 在读硕士, 主要研究方向为青少年健康

Correlation of parent-child relationships with junior high school students bullying behaviors and social cohesion
Lijun YOU, Chaohua LOU, Chunyan YU, Qiguo LIAN, Yuhang FANG, Xiaowen TU, Xiayun ZUO*
Affiliations
  • School of Public Health, Fudan University/Shanghai Institute of Biomedical Technology/Shanghai Key Laboratory of Disease and Health Genomics/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Contraceptives and Devices, Shanghai 200237, China
出版时间: 2025-08-25 doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025212
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摘要
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目的

探讨初中生的亲子关系与欺凌行为的关联以及社区凝聚力的调节作用, 为开展青少年欺凌行为的干预提供依据。

方法

2017年11—12月, 采用整群抽样的方法选取上海市静安区3所初中的六至八年级1 589名学生进行问卷调查。使用匿名电子问卷收集亲子关系、社区凝聚力和欺凌行为等数据。采用多因素Logistic回归分析亲子关系与欺凌行为的关联以及社区凝聚力的调节作用。

结果

初中生欺凌行为的报告率为7.80%。Spearman相关分析结果显示, 亲子关系和社区凝聚力与初中生欺凌行为均呈负相关(r值分别为-0.13, -0.10), 亲子关系与社区凝聚力呈正相关(r=0.29)(P值均 < 0.01)。具有积极的亲子关系和感知社区凝聚力水平较高的初中生欺凌行为发生风险较低(OR=0.51, 95%CI=0.36~0.72;OR=0.58, 95%CI=0.45~0.76), 亲子关系与社区凝聚力之间有交互作用(P值均 < 0.05)。

结论

初中生的积极亲子关系和社区凝聚力与欺凌行为存在负相关, 积极的亲子关系有利于减少初中生的欺凌行为, 较高的社区凝聚力能增强积极亲子关系对欺凌行为的保护作用。

亲子关系  /  暴力  /  社区医学  /  精神卫生  /  回归分析  /  学生
Objective

To examine the association between parent-child relationships and bullying behaviors among junior high school students, and to explore the moderating effect of community cohesion, so as to provide evidences for bullying intervention strategies.

Methods

From November to December 2017, a cluster sampling method was used to survey 1 589 students in grades 6-8 from three junior high schools in Jing'an District, Shanghai. Anonymous electronic questionnaires collected data on parent-child relationships, community cohesion, and bullying behaviors. Multivariate Logistic regression analyzed the associations and moderation effects.

Results

The prevalence of bullying behaviors among junior high school students was 7.80%. Spearman correlation analysis revealed negative associations between both parent-child relationships (r=-0.13) and community cohesion (r=-0.10) with bullying behaviors, while parent-child relationships positively correlated with community cohesion (r=0.29) (all P < 0.01). Junior high school students with positive parent-child relationships and higher perceived community cohesion showed lower risks of bullying behaviors (OR=0.51, 95%CI=0.36-0.72; OR=0.58, 95%CI=0.45-0.76), with a significant interaction effect between the two factors (all P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Positive parent-child relationships and community cohesion are negatively associated with bullying behaviors in middle school students. Supportive family relationships help reduce bullying, while stronger community cohesion enhances the protective effect of positive parent-child relationships against bullying.

Parent-child relations  /  Violence  /  Community medicine  /  Mental health  /  Regression analysis  /  Students
尤丽君, 楼超华, 余春艳, 廉启国, 房宇航, 涂晓雯, 左霞云. 亲子关系与初中生欺凌行为及社区凝聚力的关联. 中国学校卫生, 2025 , 46 (8) : 1134 -1137 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025212
Lijun YOU, Chaohua LOU, Chunyan YU, Qiguo LIAN, Yuhang FANG, Xiaowen TU, Xiayun ZUO. Correlation of parent-child relationships with junior high school students bullying behaviors and social cohesion[J]. Chinese Journal of School Health, 2025 , 46 (8) : 1134 -1137 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025212
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青少年欺凌行为是一个严重的公共卫生问题。2019年联合国教科文组织发布的一份报告中估计，全球有32%的儿童青少年曾经遭受过欺凌[1]。在中国，青少年欺凌行为的普遍程度也不容小觑。一项全国性调查结果显示，13.9%的中小学生有过被欺凌经历，中小学生欺凌他人行为的发生率为4.9%[2]。有证据表明，欺凌行为不但会给被欺凌者造成负面影响[3-4]，也会给欺凌者带来不良后果。欺凌行为不仅会导致欺凌者出现抑郁症状等心理问题，而且与物质使用障碍和成年后的暴力犯罪等危险行为相关[5-7]。研究发现，家庭因素是青少年欺凌行为发生的重要影响因素[8]，积极的亲子关系可以减少青少年欺凌行为的发生率[9]。随着青春期发育，家庭之外的社会环境对青少年发展的作用逐渐变得重要。有研究发现社区的不安全性、社会凝聚力与青少年的欺凌行为相关[10-11]。本研究旨在了解青春期早期青少年亲子关系与欺凌行为之间的关联和社区凝聚力在其中的调节作用，为青少年欺凌行为的预防和干预工作提供科学依据。
1　资料来源与方法
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1.1　资料来源
数据来自一项多个国家合作的国际项目——全球小年龄青少年研究(Global Early Adolescent Study，GEAS)中上海研究点的基线调查数据。在2017年11—12月，使用整群抽样方法抽取上海市静安区(原闸北区)相对经济水平较差的2个街道(彭浦街道和宝山街道)中的3所普通中学，调查学校的选择标准：(1)普通公立初级中学；(2)非上海户籍学生占比低于15%；(3)学校领导和老师支持本研究。选取六至八年级的学生，年龄10~14岁。基线调查共发放问卷1 775份，剔除主要研究变量缺失的问卷，最终纳入1 589份问卷，问卷有效率为89.52%。其中男生800名，女生789名；10~12岁学生791名，13~14岁798名。本研究获得研究对象及其监护人的知情同意，并获得上海市生物医药技术研究院(原上海市计划生育科学研究所)伦理委员会批准(批准号: PJ2017-27)。
1.2　方法
利用平板电脑进行匿名电子问卷调查。调查过程在学校教师的组织下进行，参与调查的学生按照班级顺序分批调查。
1.2.1　亲子关系量表
参考修订版青少年对父母与同伴依恋问卷(Revised Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment，IPPA-R)改编而成[12-13]，包括4个条目：(1)父母关心你的想法和感受；(2)父母和你的关系亲近(亲近是指你可以跟他/她讨论你私人的或你觉得重要的事)；(3)父母会向你询问你对事件的看法；(4)父母会倾听你的建议。每个条目均包含“一点也不”“不太”“有些”“非常”4个选项，并依次赋值1~4分。将所有条目得分之和除以条目数为亲子关系得分(1~4分)，得分越高代表研究对象的亲子关系越积极。本研究中该量表的Cronbach α系数为0.72。
1.2.2　社区凝聚力量表
使用改编自Mujahid等[14]编制的社区凝聚力量表。在纵向研究调查前招募20名青少年进行预调查，根据小年龄青少年反馈的阅读水平和理解能力在经专家研讨后对量表进行修订。量表共4个条目：(1)小区的人或周围的邻居会关心和帮助邻里；(2)小区的人或周围的邻居是能被信赖的；(3)小区的人或周围的邻居认识我；(4)小区的人或周围的邻居关心我。每个条目均包括“一点也不”“不太”“有些”“非常”4个选项，并依次赋值1~4分。将所有条目总得分除以条目数记为社区凝聚力得分(1~4分)，得分越高代表研究对象的社区资本越高。本研究中该量表的Cronbach α系数为0.86。
1.2.3　欺凌行为
欺凌行为包括2个问题[15]：(1)在过去6个月中，你有没有因任何原因欺凌/威胁过别人？(2)在过去6个月中，你有没有打耳光、殴打他人或以他们不想要的方式碰触他/她？选项包括“有，对女孩子”“有，对男孩子”“有，既有对女孩也有对男孩”“没有”，任一问题选择包含“有”的选项即认为研究对象存在欺凌行为。
1.2.4　协变量
将以下个体和家庭特征变量作为协变量纳入分析：年龄、性别、是否在上海出生、是否与父母居住在一起、是否独生子女、父母婚姻状况、父母最高受教育水平和自我报告的学习成绩。
1.3　质量控制
调查时，经过培训的调查人员负责介绍阐释问卷问题并为调查对象提供必要的辅助说明。电子问卷在使用前已经过多次严格的预测试，重点检查逻辑跳转、数据范围限制以及语言表达的准确性。学生完成问卷填写后，系统会即时保存其回答，并上传至中央数据库进行存储。
1.4　统计学分析
使用Stata/SE 15.0软件进行数据分析。对分类变量采用频数(n)和百分率(%)描述。采用χ2检验比较不同人口学特征初中生欺凌行为发生率。采用Spearman相关分析考察亲子关系、社区凝聚力和欺凌行为的相关性。采用多因素Logistic回归模型探索亲子关系与初中生欺凌行为的关联以及社区凝聚力的调节作用，并进行简单效应分析。双侧检验水准α=0.05。
2　结果
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2.1　不同特征初中生欺凌行为报告率
被试中报告欺凌行为的有124名(7.80%)。男生、不与父母居住在一起和父母离婚/失偶的初中生欺凌行为的报告率分别高于女生、与父母居住在一起和父母在婚的初中生；自我报告学习成绩不同的初中生欺凌行为的报告率差异有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05)。见表1。
2.2　初中生亲子关系、社区凝聚力和欺凌行为的相关分析
Spearman相关分析结果显示，亲子关系(3.34±0.63)和社区凝聚力(3.14±0.76)均与初中生欺凌行为呈负相关(r值分别为-0.13，-0.10)，亲子关系与社区凝聚力呈正相关(r=0.29)(P值均＜0.01)。
2.3　亲子关系与初中生欺凌行为的关联和社区凝聚力的调节作用
调整年龄、性别、是否在上海出生、是否与父母居住在一起、是否独生子女、父母婚姻状况、父母最高受教育水平和自我报告的学习成绩，以亲子关系和社区凝聚力为自变量，欺凌行为(有=1，无=0)为因变量，校正协变量后进行多因素Logistic回归分析，结果表明，具有积极亲子关系和感知社区凝聚力水平较高的初中生欺凌行为发生风险较低(OR=0.51，96%CI=0.36~0.72；OR=0.58，96%CI=0.45~0.76)，亲子关系与社区凝聚力之间有交互作用(P值均＜0.05)。进一步采用简单效应图分析发现，积极的亲子关系对欺凌行为的保护作用在高水平社区凝聚力的初中生中高于低水平社区凝聚力的初中生。见图1。对亲子关系和社区凝聚力与欺凌行为的关联在男生和女生中进行异质性检验，性别间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。
3　讨论
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本研究结果显示，初中生欺凌行为的报告率为7.80%。与国内其他省市相比，本研究结果低于安徽省[8]中学生的欺凌行为报告率(14.46%)和河南省[16]中学生欺凌他人行为报告率(12.5%)，但高于赵福江等[2]针对全国11万余名学生进行的欺凌调结果(4.9%)。可能是由于本研究用于测量欺凌行为的问题较其他研究不完全相同，也可能是不同地区青少年欺凌行为发生率本身存在差异。考虑到青少年欺凌行为对个体发展和社会的危害性，建议相关部门和学校应采取积极措施进行预防和干预。
本研究结果显示，积极的亲子关系与初中生欺凌行为存在负相关，即具有更积极亲子关系的初中生发生欺凌行为的风险较低，与既往研究结果一致[17]。纵向研究结果显示，亲子关系会影响青少年欺凌行为的发生情况[9, 18]。路径研究提出，自我控制能力低在亲子关系和欺凌行为间具有中介作用，低水平的亲子关系通过降低青少年的自我控制能力从而导致欺凌行为的发生[18]。因此，可以通过改善亲子关系减少青少年欺凌行为的发生。
社会生态学模型指出，青少年所生活的不同社会环境之间存在相互作用[19]。本研究中，社区凝聚力对亲子关系与初中生欺凌行为的关联具有调节作用。相较于低水平社区凝聚力的初中生，积极的亲子关系对欺凌行为的保护作用在高水平社区凝聚力的初中生中更高。社区社会资本可以为父母了解、分析和处理儿童适应问题提供支持和帮助[20]。当生活在更高水平社区凝聚力的社区时，初中生会拥有更加健康的心理状况，并且更愿意听从长辈的规劝和遵守正确的行为规范，因此在社区凝聚力更高的社区，积极的亲子关系对降低初中生欺凌行为发生风险的影响更强。
综上，本研究发现积极的亲子关系与初中生欺凌行为之间存在负相关，社区凝聚力对关联具有调节作用。因此，改善初中生的亲子关系，提高社区凝聚力能够帮助初中生减少欺凌行为，从而有效降低校园欺凌的发生率。
本研究存在一些局限性。首先，由于本研究仅抽取了上海市静安区3所普通中学六至八年级学生，因此研究结果的外推性有限。其次，研究为横断面研究，因果推断能力较弱，后续需要采用纵向研究进一步验证积极亲子关系与青少年欺凌行为之间的因果关联。
基金
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  • 国家卫生健康委员会计划生育药具重点实验室科技创新导向项目(CX2017-05);世界卫生组织项目(ERC0003027)
文献
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2025年第46卷第8期
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doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025212
  • 接收时间：2025-02-20
  • 首发时间：2026-11-06
  • 出版时间：2025-08-25
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  • 收稿日期：2025-02-20
  • 修回日期：2025-05-27
基金
国家卫生健康委员会计划生育药具重点实验室科技创新导向项目(CX2017-05);世界卫生组织项目(ERC0003027)
作者信息
    复旦大学公共卫生学院/上海市生物医药技术研究院/上海市疾病与健康基因组学重点实验室/国家卫生健康委员会计划生育药具重点实验室, 上海 200237

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