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Article(id=1325529990510698904, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, issueId=1325529948685091532, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025224, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1736870400000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-15, revisedDate=1745942400000, revisedDateStr=2025-04-30, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793960576893, onlineDateStr=2026-11-06, pubDate=1756051200000, pubDateStr=2025-08-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793960576893, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793960576893, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793960576893, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1325529948685091532, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, year='2025', volume='46', issue='8', pageStart='1065', pageEnd='1216', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1756051200000', pubDateStr='2025-08-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793960566921, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793960566921, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1093, endPage=1097, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1325529990686859673, articleId=1325529990510698904, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=EN, title=Association between 24-hour movement behavior composition and obesity indicators in children and adolescents, columnId=1259565859148804482, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of School Health, columnName=Health Education and Promotion, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To identify optimal recommendations for 24-hour movement behaviors in relation to obesity indicators among children and adolescents, so as to provide scientific evidences for targeted obesity prevention strategies.

Methods

From April to June 2024, 242 participants (96 children aged 6-11, 146 adolescents aged 12-18) were recruited from two schools(one combined junior and senior high school, one consistent school for 12 years) in Tianjin for performing physical examination. Obesity indicators including body mass index Z-scores (BMI Z), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), body fat percentage (FAT), and fat mass index (FMI) were measured. Measurement of 24-hour movement behaviors using an accelerometer, comprised moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), light physical activity (LPA), sedentary behavior (SB), and sleep (SLP). The optimal movement duration and interval for children and adolescents were determined through optimal time zone analysis.

Results

Significant associations were found between 24-hour movement behaviors and BMI Z(F=2.35) and WHR (F=3.55) in children, as well as BMI Z(F=3.57), FAT (F=2.44), and WHR (F=3.61) in adolescents (all P < 0.05). The results of optimal time zone analysis showed that optimal daily durations were MVPA 63(40-70) min, LPA 257(220-270) min, SB 467(390-600) min, SLP 653(590-680) min for children, and MVPA 65(40-70) min, LPA 262(220-270) min, SB 484(440-600) min, SLP 629(510-670) min for adolescents.

Conclusion

The recommended amount of 24-hour movement for children and adolescents based on obesity indicators could provide reference for informing the development of Chinese-specific guidelines, and promote healthy lifestyles among children and adolescents.

, authors=Jichun XIE1, Yang ZHAO2, Ruilin XU*, 3, authorsList=Jichun XIE, Yang ZHAO, Ruilin XU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Ruilin XU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Chinese Journal of School Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1325529991295033756, articleId=1325529990510698904, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=CN, title=儿童青少年24 h活动行为构成与肥胖指标的关系, columnId=1259565859903779205, journalTitle=中国学校卫生, columnName=健康教育与健康促进, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探究儿童青少年24 h活动对肥胖影响的最佳推荐量，为制定具有针对性的肥胖防控策略提供科学依据。

方法

2024年4—6月，在天津市2所学校(1所完全中学，1所十二年一贯制学校)招募242名儿童青少年(6~11岁儿童96名，12~18岁青少年146名)进行体格检查，并计算体质量指数Z值(BMI Z)、腰臀比(WHR)、体脂率(FAT)、脂肪量指数(FMI)；通过加速度计测量24 h活动，包括中高强度身体活动(MVPA)、低强度身体活动(LPA)、久坐行为(SB)和睡眠(SLP)。通过最佳时区分析法确定儿童青少年的最佳活动时长和区间。

结果

儿童24 h活动行为与BMI Z(F=2.35)、WHR(F=3.55)均相关；青少年24 h活动行为与BMI Z(F=3.57)、FAT(F=2.44)和WHR(F= 3.61)均相关(P值均＜0.05)。最佳时区分析法结果显示，儿童24 h活动的最佳时长与区间为MVPA 63(40~70)min，LPA 257(220~270)min，SB 467(390~600)min，SLP 653(590~680)min；青少年为MVPA 65(40~70)min，LPA 262(220~270)min，SB 484(440~600)min，SLP 629(510~670)min。

结论

基于肥胖指标的儿童青少年24 h活动推荐量，可为制定适合中国儿童青少年的24 h活动指南提供参考，以促进其形成健康的生活方式。

, authors=谢吉春1, 赵阳2, 徐瑞霖*, 3, authorsList=谢吉春, 赵阳, 徐瑞霖, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=徐瑞霖, authorNote=

谢吉春(1990-)，男，河南平顶山人，硕士，讲师，主要研究方向为青少年体质健康、运动健康促进

, correspAuthorsNote=
徐瑞霖，E-mail：
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谢吉春(1990-)，男，河南平顶山人，硕士，讲师，主要研究方向为青少年体质健康、运动健康促进

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谢吉春(1990-)，男，河南平顶山人，硕士，讲师，主要研究方向为青少年体质健康、运动健康促进

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Optimal duration and intervals of 24-hour activities for children and adolescents/min

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类别指标MVPALPASBSLP
儿童BMI Z65(60~74)260(240~270)465(400~600)656(510~710)
WHR64(40~70)254(220~270)476(430~600)650(510~780)
青少年BMI Z75(60~85)265(230~360)422(440~570)645(640~780)
FAT25(20~35)224(200~270)492(470~590)605(550~650)
WHR65(40~70)260(240~270)460(390~600)655(510~720)
), ArticleFig(id=1325529995300594112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325529990510698904, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

儿童青少年24 h活动最佳时长与区间/min

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别指标MVPALPASBSLP
儿童BMI Z65(60~74)260(240~270)465(400~600)656(510~710)
WHR64(40~70)254(220~270)476(430~600)650(510~780)
青少年BMI Z75(60~85)265(230~360)422(440~570)645(640~780)
FAT25(20~35)224(200~270)492(470~590)605(550~650)
WHR65(40~70)260(240~270)460(390~600)655(510~720)
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儿童青少年24 h活动行为构成与肥胖指标的关系
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谢吉春 1 , 赵阳 2 , 徐瑞霖 *, 3
中国学校卫生 | 健康教育与健康促进 2025,46(8): 1093-1097
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中国学校卫生 |健康教育与健康促进 2025 , 46 (8) : 1093 -1097
儿童青少年24 h活动行为构成与肥胖指标的关系
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谢吉春(1990-)，男，河南平顶山人，硕士，讲师，主要研究方向为青少年体质健康、运动健康促进

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谢吉春(1990-)，男，河南平顶山人，硕士，讲师，主要研究方向为青少年体质健康、运动健康促进

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谢吉春1, 赵阳2, 徐瑞霖*, 3
作者信息
  • 1河南财经政法大学体育学院，郑州 450016
  • 2天津体育学院体育教育学院
  • 3郑州大学体育学院(校本部)
通讯作者:
徐瑞霖，E-mail：
作者简介:

谢吉春(1990-)，男，河南平顶山人，硕士，讲师，主要研究方向为青少年体质健康、运动健康促进

Association between 24-hour movement behavior composition and obesity indicators in children and adolescents
Jichun XIE1, Yang ZHAO2, Ruilin XU*, 3
Affiliations
  • 1School of Physical Education, Henan University of Economics and Law, Zhengzhou 450016, Henan Province, China
出版时间: 2025-08-25 doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025224
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摘要
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目的

探究儿童青少年24 h活动对肥胖影响的最佳推荐量，为制定具有针对性的肥胖防控策略提供科学依据。

方法

2024年4—6月，在天津市2所学校(1所完全中学，1所十二年一贯制学校)招募242名儿童青少年(6~11岁儿童96名，12~18岁青少年146名)进行体格检查，并计算体质量指数Z值(BMI Z)、腰臀比(WHR)、体脂率(FAT)、脂肪量指数(FMI)；通过加速度计测量24 h活动，包括中高强度身体活动(MVPA)、低强度身体活动(LPA)、久坐行为(SB)和睡眠(SLP)。通过最佳时区分析法确定儿童青少年的最佳活动时长和区间。

结果

儿童24 h活动行为与BMI Z(F=2.35)、WHR(F=3.55)均相关；青少年24 h活动行为与BMI Z(F=3.57)、FAT(F=2.44)和WHR(F= 3.61)均相关(P值均＜0.05)。最佳时区分析法结果显示，儿童24 h活动的最佳时长与区间为MVPA 63(40~70)min，LPA 257(220~270)min，SB 467(390~600)min，SLP 653(590~680)min；青少年为MVPA 65(40~70)min，LPA 262(220~270)min，SB 484(440~600)min，SLP 629(510~670)min。

结论

基于肥胖指标的儿童青少年24 h活动推荐量，可为制定适合中国儿童青少年的24 h活动指南提供参考，以促进其形成健康的生活方式。

运动活动  /  肥胖症  /  回归分析  /  儿童  /  青少年
Objective

To identify optimal recommendations for 24-hour movement behaviors in relation to obesity indicators among children and adolescents, so as to provide scientific evidences for targeted obesity prevention strategies.

Methods

From April to June 2024, 242 participants (96 children aged 6-11, 146 adolescents aged 12-18) were recruited from two schools(one combined junior and senior high school, one consistent school for 12 years) in Tianjin for performing physical examination. Obesity indicators including body mass index Z-scores (BMI Z), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), body fat percentage (FAT), and fat mass index (FMI) were measured. Measurement of 24-hour movement behaviors using an accelerometer, comprised moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), light physical activity (LPA), sedentary behavior (SB), and sleep (SLP). The optimal movement duration and interval for children and adolescents were determined through optimal time zone analysis.

Results

Significant associations were found between 24-hour movement behaviors and BMI Z(F=2.35) and WHR (F=3.55) in children, as well as BMI Z(F=3.57), FAT (F=2.44), and WHR (F=3.61) in adolescents (all P < 0.05). The results of optimal time zone analysis showed that optimal daily durations were MVPA 63(40-70) min, LPA 257(220-270) min, SB 467(390-600) min, SLP 653(590-680) min for children, and MVPA 65(40-70) min, LPA 262(220-270) min, SB 484(440-600) min, SLP 629(510-670) min for adolescents.

Conclusion

The recommended amount of 24-hour movement for children and adolescents based on obesity indicators could provide reference for informing the development of Chinese-specific guidelines, and promote healthy lifestyles among children and adolescents.

Motor activity  /  Obesity  /  Regression analysis  /  Child  /  Adolescent
谢吉春, 赵阳, 徐瑞霖. 儿童青少年24 h活动行为构成与肥胖指标的关系. 中国学校卫生, 2025 , 46 (8) : 1093 -1097 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025224
Jichun XIE, Yang ZHAO, Ruilin XU. Association between 24-hour movement behavior composition and obesity indicators in children and adolescents[J]. Chinese Journal of School Health, 2025 , 46 (8) : 1093 -1097 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025224
正文
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从无运动/低强度运动到高强度运动这一连续过程的学术概念被称为活动行为[1]。基于行为学的视角来看，中高强度身体活动(moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, MVPA)，低强度身体活动(light-intensity physical activity, LPA)，久坐行为(sedentary behavior, SB)以及睡眠(sleep, SLP)共同组成了人的24 h活动行为[2]。24 h活动行为与儿童青少年肥胖之间存在密切联系，增加MVPA时间有助于降低肥胖风险，而过多的SB和较短的SLP则可能增加肥胖的可能性[3-4]。依据世界卫生组织发布的活动建议，儿童青少年每天需保证不少于60 min的MVPA[5]；我国2017年发布的《中国儿童青少年身体活动指南》进一步提出每日屏幕时间应≤2 h，以促进健康的生活方式[6]。
在系统考虑24 h活动行为对整体健康影响的前提下[7]，明确各活动行为的最佳时长，已成为当前学界亟待解决的核心问题之一。虽然已有部分学者探讨了24 h活动行为与肥胖之间的关系，但大多集中在单一行为改变对其他行为的影响，缺乏对每种行为最佳持续时长的深入研究[8]。目前，国外有针对儿童青少年肥胖相关活动时长优化的研究[9-10]，受限于教育体系与文化差异，其结论难以直接应用于我国儿童青少年[7]。基于此，本研究旨在探究我国儿童青少年群体24 h活动行为与肥胖指标之间的关系，为制定具有针对性的肥胖防控策略提供科学依据。
1　对象与方法
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1.1　对象
采用Gpower 3.1.9.7软件进行样本量估算，设定Ⅰ类错误概率α不超过0.05(双侧)，效应量f=0.15，β=0.10，得到每组所需最小样本量为108人，两组共计216人。2024年4—6月，在天津市2所学校(1所完全中学，1所十二年制一贯制学校)招募242名儿童青少年，平均年龄(13.50±3.91)岁，其中男生103名，女生139名。由于6~18岁儿童青少年年龄跨度较大，为了能更有针对性地提出推荐量建议，将参与者分为儿童组(6~11岁，96名)与青少年组(12~18岁，146名)进行分析。研究前学生和家长均已签署知情同意书，并获得天津体育学院伦理委员会批准(批号：TJUS2024-021)。
1.2　方法
1.2.1　体格检查
采用电子身高测量仪测量身高，使用InBody 370人体成分仪测量体重、体脂肪量(fat mass, FM)、腰臀比(waist-hip ratio, WHR)、体脂率(body fat percentage, FAT)。体质量指数(body mass index, BMI)=体重(kg)/[身高(m)]2。研究对BMI进行转化，得到BMI Z值[2]。脂肪量指数(fat mass index, FMI)=FM(kg)/[身高(m)]2。测试前，提醒受试者至少禁食4 h，测量在吃早餐前进行。
1.2.2　身体活动、久坐行为及睡眠时长
采用ActiGraph GT3X+三轴加速度传感器(Actigraph LLC, Pensacola, USA)测量受试者的SB、LPA和MVPA。受试者按要求将加速度计配戴在右髋，连续配戴7 d，除非在睡眠和水上运动时才将其取下；数据收集从发放后第2天的0:00开始，到第8天研究人员收回数据时结束，结束后由专门人员收集相关数据。为了区分不同强度的身体活动，采用以下标准判定体力活动强度[11]：SB为0~99 counts/min，LPA为100~2 799 counts/min，MVPA为2 800~3 999 counts/min。SLP的数据通过问卷形式收集，总睡眠时间=(工作日白天睡眠时长×5+周末白天睡眠时长×2)/7 +(工作日晚间睡眠时长×5 +周末晚间睡眠时长×2)/7。
1.2.3　相关变量
通过问卷调查的方式收集性别、年龄、父母受教育程度以及家庭经济收入等信息，在进行统计分析时作为协变量纳入分析。
1.3　质量控制
测试前，所有人员需接受标准化操作培训，通过理论与实操考核后上岗；测量仪器使用前按标准流程调试校准。测试全程设质控人员监督现场秩序。数据采用EpiData 3.0软件双人双录，经一致性检验后，对异常数据回溯原始记录修正，确保数据质量。
1.4　统计学分析
根据Dumuid等[12]提出的最佳时区分析方法，并基于R 4.3.3软件对成分数据进行系统性统计分析[13-14]。(1)通过等距对数比转换(isometric log ratio transformation，ilr)将原始成分数据转化为欧几里得空间向量，其中转换后的时间变量作为自变量，肥胖相关指标(BMI Z、FMI、FAT、WHR)作为因变量。在控制性别、年龄、父母受教育程度、家庭经济收入等协变量的基础上，通过lmrob函数构建回归模型。(2)通过计算模型的F值并检验，检验水准α=0.05，确定ilr转换后的24 h活动行为与肥胖指标之间是否存在关联。基于构建的回归模型，以各活动行为的均值为中心，以±3 s为边界，按每10 min为间隔构建活动组合矩阵。根据Lund等[10]的研究范式，将低于特定肥胖指标P85视为健康的标准，计算这些组合中4种活动行为时长的均值及范围，即为该活动行为的最佳时长与时长区间。(3)针对不同肥胖指标的最佳时区，通过R软件绘制三维四元图识别各个肥胖指标最佳时区的重叠区域，即为儿童和青少年的最佳活动推荐量。
2　结果
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2.1　儿童青少年24 h活动行为构成与肥胖指标的关系
儿童青少年24 h活动行为成分均值分别为MVPA(31.57±11.21)min、LPA(222.96±36.89)min、SB(642.62±110.94)min、SLP(541.94±94.54)min。回归模型结果显示，儿童24 h活动行为与BMI Z(F=2.35)、WHR(F=3.55)均相关；青少年24 h活动行为与BMI Z(F=3.57)、FAT(F=2.44)和WHR(F=3.61)均相关(P值均＜0.05)。与儿童青少年健康肥胖有关的24 h活动最佳时长与区间见表1。
2.2　基于肥胖指标的儿童青少年24 h活动时间推荐量
最佳时区的三维四元图分析结果显示，儿童24 h活动最佳推荐量为：MVPA 63(40~70)min，LPA 257(220~270)min，SB 467(390~600)min，SLP 653(590~680)min。见图1(A)。青少年24 h活动最佳推荐量为：MVPA 65(40~70)min，LPA 262(220~270)min，SB 484(440~600)min，SLP 629(510~670)min。见图1(B)。
3　讨论
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鉴于我国儿童青少年学习作息安排较为严格，难以实现精确的时间控制，为了提高实际操作的可行性，建议采用基于时间区间的策略。具体而言，儿童每天的活动推荐时长可分别保持在：MVPA(40~70)min、LPA(220~270)min、SB(390~600)min、SLP(590~680)min；青少年保持在MVPA(40~70)min、LPA(220~270)min、SB(440~600)min、SLP(510~670)min。在该弹性时间区间内合理调整各项活动，不仅具有更强的可行性与适应性，也能有效促进健康体重管理，缓解儿童青少年肥胖问题。
国外研究中，Dumuid等[9]基于肥胖指标提出的澳大利亚儿童青少年最佳推荐量为：MVPA 90(90~90)min、LPA 144(108~192)min、SB 594(528~672)min、SLP 612(570~630)min。Lund等[10]针对捷克儿童青少年的最佳推荐量为：儿童MVPA 48(10~150)min、LPA 234(126~396)min、SB 648(498~840)min、SLP 510(384~606)min，青少年MVPA 30(10~84)min、LPA 216(102~396)min、SB 744(570~930)min、SLP 450(342~588)min。上述研究与本研究提出的24 h活动推荐量存在一定的差异。究其原因，可能与年龄分层、肥胖指标、“健康”肥胖状态的定义差异有关。此外，最佳时区分析法推导出的结果是基于各研究中受试者的24 h活动测试数据而来，儿童青少年在不同的文化背景和教育系统中，日常活动模式呈现出明显的多样性。由此，结合各个国家和地区特有的文化和教育环境制定适合当地的活动推荐量将更具实际应用价值[8]。
MVPA一直是身体活动研究的热点，尤其是在儿童青少年肥胖问题中的作用最为突出[15-16]。国内外多项研究表明，适量的MVPA可以有效降低儿童青少年的肥胖水平[17-18]。基于这一共识，国内外发布的活动指南均建议儿童青少年每天的MVPA时间应不低于60 min[6, 19]。本研究所确定的MVPA最佳时长(儿童63 min、青少年65 min)与上述指南相符。然而，值得注意的是，虽然现有活动指南明确了每天MVPA的最低时长要求，却未提供最高时长的建议。本研究在明确MVPA最佳时长的同时，还提出了最高时长，即MVPA 70 min/d。这一补充具有重要的实际意义：首先，尽管已有研究证实MVPA对儿童青少年的健康发展有益，但这种益处并不能无限制增加[20]。因此，设置MVPA的最高时长对于科学指导儿童青少年的身体活动至关重要。其次，24 h活动行为之间具有相互联系和影响[21]。考虑到一天总时间的恒定性，合理规划各活动行为的时长对于最大化健康效益同样重要。通过设定MVPA的最高时长，能够帮助儿童和青少年更有效地规划每日活动，确保他们在不同类型的活动中实现最佳平衡。
LPA和SB是24 h活动行为的重要组成部分，但关于LPA对儿童青少年健康影响的总体证据尚无定论。部分研究表明LPA可以减少儿童青少年的肥胖风险[17, 22]，其他研究则发现LPA与肥胖指标之间无关联[23-24]。由于缺乏明确的研究证据，当前国际和国内的相关指南主要集中在限制屏幕时间，对于LPA和SB的具体时长并未给出明确建议。国内已有学者开始探索LPA的时长推荐，孙毅等[25]基于体质健康的多指标联合ROC曲线分析，提出儿童青少年每天至少应进行LPA 99.92 min。与本研究结论不同，可能归因于结局指标的选择及研究方法的不同。因此，关于LPA的最佳推荐量仍需进一步的研究来验证和完善。相关研究支持本研究SB时长建议：首先，本研究儿童青少年群体的日常活动模式为MVPA时间占比最低、LPA次之，SB时间占比最高。这一模式与我国儿童青少年的实际作息情况相吻合[26]。同时，Wang等[27]对中国11座城市9~17岁儿童青少年的活动行为进行分析，发现儿童青少年必要的SB时间为411~631 min，与本研究提出的SB最佳区间相似。
睡眠对儿童青少年的健康同样重要，充足的睡眠有助于提高整体的身体活动水平[28]，从而促进能量消耗，降低肥胖的风险[29]。根据加拿大和澳大利亚两国发布的24 h活动指南，9~17岁儿童青少年每晚应保证至少480~600 min的睡眠时间[30]。本研究建议的睡眠区间略高于上述指南，这一差异可能与我国儿童青少年的睡眠作息习惯有关[19]。考虑到现代社会中儿童青少年面临的学业压力、电子设备使用和社交活动等多重挑战，达到理想的睡眠时长可能具有挑战性。因此，家长和教育工作者应当更加关注儿童青少年的睡眠健康，合理安排作息时间、减少晚间使用电子设备的频率，并创造有利于睡眠的环境以帮助儿童青少年建立健康的睡眠习惯。
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2025年第46卷第8期
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doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025224
  • 接收时间：2025-01-15
  • 首发时间：2026-11-06
  • 出版时间：2025-08-25
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  • 收稿日期：2025-01-15
  • 修回日期：2025-04-30
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河南省哲学社会科学规划年度项目(2024BTY024)
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    1河南财经政法大学体育学院，郑州 450016
    2天津体育学院体育教育学院
    3郑州大学体育学院(校本部)

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