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Article(id=1325529951323308749, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, issueId=1325529948685091532, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025226, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1740412800000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-25, revisedDate=1749139200000, revisedDateStr=2025-06-06, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793960567551, onlineDateStr=2026-11-06, pubDate=1756051200000, pubDateStr=2025-08-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793960567551, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793960567550, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793960567550, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1325529948685091532, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, year='2025', volume='46', issue='8', pageStart='1065', pageEnd='1216', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1756051200000', pubDateStr='2025-08-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793960566921, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793960566921, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1102, endPage=1106, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1325529953256882895, articleId=1325529951323308749, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=EN, title=Latent class characteristics and related factors of health-risk behaviors among higher vocational college students in the Wuling Mountain Area, columnId=1259565859148804482, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of School Health, columnName=Health Education and Promotion, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the latent class characteristics and related factors of health-risk behaviors among higher vocational college students (referred to as vocational students) in the Wuling Mountain Area, so as to provide references for promoting their healthy development and formulating effective intervention measures.

Methods

From April to June 2024, a stratified random cluster sampling method was used to survey 1 737 students from three higher vocational colleges in the Wuling Mountain Area (Xiangxi in Hunan, Enshi in Hubei, and Tongren in Guizhou). The study employed the Health-risk Behavior Questionnaire for College Students, the Parent-Child Relationship Scale, the Social Support Scale, and the School Connection Scale for data collection. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to examine the heterogeneous distribution characteristics of health-risk behaviors among vocational students, and multivariate Logistic regression was applied to analyze the related factors of latent classes.

Results

The LCA results identified three latent classes based on 12 health-risk behaviors: the comprehensive high-risk group (151 students, 8.7%), the psychological distress group (883 students, 50.8%), and the low-risk group (703 students, 40.5%). The distribution of latent classes showed statistically significant differences in gender and only-child status (χ2=121.25, 9.85, both P < 0.05). The low-risk group scored higher in parent-child relationship (29.26±6.19), social support (63.98±18.16), and school connection (35.97±7.71) compared to the comprehensive high-risk group (27.28±6.03, 57.67±15.60, 32.97±7.55) and the psychological distress group (27.52±5.19, 62.06±14.54, 33.80±6.14) (F=20.37, 23.51, 9.89, all P < 0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression revealed that boys(OR=3.29) were more likely to belong to the comprehensive high-risk group, social support (OR=0.03, 0.21) and school connection (OR=0.92, 0.96) were less likely to belong to both the comprehensive high-risk and psychological distress groups (all P < 0.05).

Conclusions

There are three potential categories of health-harmful behaviors among vocational college students in Wuling Mountain Area. Schools, families and society should enhance the levels of parent-child relationship, school connections and social support for vocational college students of different categories to promote their physical and mental health development.

, authors=Lizhong WEN, Tiancheng ZHANG, Aolun WANG, Fulan ZHANG, Shuyuan GUO, authorsList=Lizhong WEN, Tiancheng ZHANG, Aolun WANG, Fulan ZHANG, Shuyuan GUO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Chinese Journal of School Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1325529954120909522, articleId=1325529951323308749, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=CN, title=武陵山区高等职业院校学生危害健康行为潜在类别及相关因素分析, columnId=1259565859903779205, journalTitle=中国学校卫生, columnName=健康教育与健康促进, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探究武陵山区高等职业院校学生(简称高职生)危害健康行为潜在类别特征及相关因素，为高职生健康成长和制定有效的干预措施提供参考。

方法

于2024年4—6月，采用分层随机整群抽样法从地处武陵山区的湖南湘西地区、湖北恩施地区、贵州铜仁地区的3所高等职业院校抽取1 737名学生，采用大学生危害健康行为问卷、亲子关系量表、社会支持量表、学校联结量表进行问卷调查，采用潜在类别分析高职生在危害健康行为方面存在的异质性分布特征，采用多元Logistic回归分析探讨高职生危害健康行为潜在类别的相关因素。

结果

高职生12种危害健康行为分为3个潜在类别：综合高危组(151名，8.7%)、心理问题组(883名，50.8%)、低危组(703名，40.5%)；危害健康行为各潜在类别在不同性别、是否独生子女高职生间分布差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为121.25，9.85，P值均 < 0.05)；“低危组”亲子关系(29.26±6.19)、社会支持(63.98±18.16)、学校联结得分(35.97±7.71)均高于“综合高危组”“心理问题组”(27.28±6.03，57.67±15.60，32.97±7.55；27.52±5.19，62.06±14.54，33.80±6.14)(F值分别为20.37，23.51，9.89，P值均 < 0.05)。多元Logistic回归分析结果显示，男生更易类属“综合高危组”(OR=3.29)，社会支持、学校联结水平高的学生不易类属“综合高危组”(OR值分别为0.03，0.92)和“心理问题组”(OR值分别为0.21，0.96)(P值均 < 0.05)。

结论

武陵山区高职大学生危害健康行为存在3个潜在类别，学校、家庭、社会应针对不同类别高职大学生加强亲子关系、学校联结、社会支持水平，促进身心健康发展。

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文理中(1984-)，男，湖南醴陵人，博士，副教授，主要研究方向为青少年体质健康促进

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Potential category model fitting index information of health hazard behaviors among higher vocctronal college students(n=1 737)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别数目参数条目AIC值BIC值aBIC值Entropy值PLMR值PBLRT值类别概率
1120 866.6920 932.1220 894.00———1.00
22519 282.7719 419.0819 339.660.86< 0.01< 0.010.42/0.58
33818 961.2119 168.4019 047.680.89< 0.01< 0.010.09/0.51/0.41
45118 857.6419 135.7118 973.690.800.02< 0.010.09/0.25/0.27/0.39
), ArticleFig(id=1325529958793364219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325529951323308749, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

高职生危害健康行为潜在类别模型拟合指标信息(n=1 737)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别数目参数条目AIC值BIC值aBIC值Entropy值PLMR值PBLRT值类别概率
1120 866.6920 932.1220 894.00———1.00
22519 282.7719 419.0819 339.660.86< 0.01< 0.010.42/0.58
33818 961.2119 168.4019 047.680.89< 0.01< 0.010.09/0.51/0.41
45118 857.6419 135.7118 973.690.800.02< 0.010.09/0.25/0.27/0.39
), ArticleFig(id=1325529958877250300, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325529951323308749, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Single factor analysis of potential categories of health-risk behaviors among vocational college students with different demographic characteristics

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
人口学指标选项人数综合高危组心理问题组低危组χ2值
性别男652108(16.6)242(37.1)302(46.3)121.25**
女1 08543(4.0)641(59.1)401(37.1)
年级大一58445(7.7)319(54.6)220(37.1)8.08
大二57858(10.0)269(46.5)251(43.4)
大三57548(8.3)295(51.3)232(40.3)
民族汉族1 09892(8.4)564(51.4)442(40.3)3.61
土家族21924(11.0)112(51.1)83(37.9)
苗族17312(6.9)84(48.6)77(44.5)
其他民族24723(9.3)123(49.8)101(40.9)
独生子女是31935(11.0)136(42.6)148(46.4)9.85**
否1 418116(8.2)747(52.7)555(39.1)
父亲学历小学及以下41036(8.8)209(51.0)165(40.2)0.02
初中及以上1 327115(8.7)674(50.8)538(40.5)
母亲学历小学及以下71153(7.5)377(53.0)281(39.5)3.26
初中及以上1 02698(9.6)506(49.3)422(41.1)
家庭类型完整家庭1 485129(8.7)740(49.8)616(41.5)5.54
不完整家庭25222(8.7)143(56.7)87(34.5)
), ArticleFig(id=1325529958973719293, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325529951323308749, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同人口学特征高职生危害健康行为潜在类别的单因素分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
人口学指标选项人数综合高危组心理问题组低危组χ2值
性别男652108(16.6)242(37.1)302(46.3)121.25**
女1 08543(4.0)641(59.1)401(37.1)
年级大一58445(7.7)319(54.6)220(37.1)8.08
大二57858(10.0)269(46.5)251(43.4)
大三57548(8.3)295(51.3)232(40.3)
民族汉族1 09892(8.4)564(51.4)442(40.3)3.61
土家族21924(11.0)112(51.1)83(37.9)
苗族17312(6.9)84(48.6)77(44.5)
其他民族24723(9.3)123(49.8)101(40.9)
独生子女是31935(11.0)136(42.6)148(46.4)9.85**
否1 418116(8.2)747(52.7)555(39.1)
父亲学历小学及以下41036(8.8)209(51.0)165(40.2)0.02
初中及以上1 327115(8.7)674(50.8)538(40.5)
母亲学历小学及以下71153(7.5)377(53.0)281(39.5)3.26
初中及以上1 02698(9.6)506(49.3)422(41.1)
家庭类型完整家庭1 485129(8.7)740(49.8)616(41.5)5.54
不完整家庭25222(8.7)143(56.7)87(34.5)
), ArticleFig(id=1325529959053411070, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325529951323308749, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Multivariate Logistic regression analysis of subcategory grouping of health-risk behaviors among higher vocational college students[n=1 737, OR(95%CI)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
自变量选项综合高危组心理问题组
性别男3.29(2.23~4.86)**0.52(0.42~0.65)**
女1.001.00
独生子女是0.77(0.46~1.35)0.75(0.58~0.98)*
否1.001.00
亲子关系0.99(0.93~1.04)0.97(0.94~0.98)*
社会支持0.03(0.02~0.04)**0.21(0.17~0.25)**
学校联结0.92(0.88~0.97)**0.96(0.93~0.98)**
), ArticleFig(id=1325529959133102847, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325529951323308749, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

高职生危害健康行为潜类别分组的多元Logistic回归分析[n=1 737, OR值(95%CI)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
自变量选项综合高危组心理问题组
性别男3.29(2.23~4.86)**0.52(0.42~0.65)**
女1.001.00
独生子女是0.77(0.46~1.35)0.75(0.58~0.98)*
否1.001.00
亲子关系0.99(0.93~1.04)0.97(0.94~0.98)*
社会支持0.03(0.02~0.04)**0.21(0.17~0.25)**
学校联结0.92(0.88~0.97)**0.96(0.93~0.98)**
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武陵山区高等职业院校学生危害健康行为潜在类别及相关因素分析
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文理中 , 张天成 , 王澳伦 , 张福兰 , 郭淑媛
中国学校卫生 | 健康教育与健康促进 2025,46(8): 1102-1106
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中国学校卫生 |健康教育与健康促进 2025 , 46 (8) : 1102 -1106
武陵山区高等职业院校学生危害健康行为潜在类别及相关因素分析
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文理中, 张天成, 王澳伦, 张福兰, 郭淑媛
作者信息
  • 吉首大学体育科学学院，湖南 416000
作者简介:

文理中(1984-)，男，湖南醴陵人，博士，副教授，主要研究方向为青少年体质健康促进

Latent class characteristics and related factors of health-risk behaviors among higher vocational college students in the Wuling Mountain Area
Lizhong WEN, Tiancheng ZHANG, Aolun WANG, Fulan ZHANG, Shuyuan GUO
Affiliations
  • College of Sports Science, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, Hunan Province, China
出版时间: 2025-08-25 doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025226
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摘要
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目的

探究武陵山区高等职业院校学生(简称高职生)危害健康行为潜在类别特征及相关因素，为高职生健康成长和制定有效的干预措施提供参考。

方法

于2024年4—6月，采用分层随机整群抽样法从地处武陵山区的湖南湘西地区、湖北恩施地区、贵州铜仁地区的3所高等职业院校抽取1 737名学生，采用大学生危害健康行为问卷、亲子关系量表、社会支持量表、学校联结量表进行问卷调查，采用潜在类别分析高职生在危害健康行为方面存在的异质性分布特征，采用多元Logistic回归分析探讨高职生危害健康行为潜在类别的相关因素。

结果

高职生12种危害健康行为分为3个潜在类别：综合高危组(151名，8.7%)、心理问题组(883名，50.8%)、低危组(703名，40.5%)；危害健康行为各潜在类别在不同性别、是否独生子女高职生间分布差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为121.25，9.85，P值均 < 0.05)；“低危组”亲子关系(29.26±6.19)、社会支持(63.98±18.16)、学校联结得分(35.97±7.71)均高于“综合高危组”“心理问题组”(27.28±6.03，57.67±15.60，32.97±7.55；27.52±5.19，62.06±14.54，33.80±6.14)(F值分别为20.37，23.51，9.89，P值均 < 0.05)。多元Logistic回归分析结果显示，男生更易类属“综合高危组”(OR=3.29)，社会支持、学校联结水平高的学生不易类属“综合高危组”(OR值分别为0.03，0.92)和“心理问题组”(OR值分别为0.21，0.96)(P值均 < 0.05)。

结论

武陵山区高职大学生危害健康行为存在3个潜在类别，学校、家庭、社会应针对不同类别高职大学生加强亲子关系、学校联结、社会支持水平，促进身心健康发展。

危险行为  /  精神卫生  /  回归分析  /  学生
Objective

To explore the latent class characteristics and related factors of health-risk behaviors among higher vocational college students (referred to as vocational students) in the Wuling Mountain Area, so as to provide references for promoting their healthy development and formulating effective intervention measures.

Methods

From April to June 2024, a stratified random cluster sampling method was used to survey 1 737 students from three higher vocational colleges in the Wuling Mountain Area (Xiangxi in Hunan, Enshi in Hubei, and Tongren in Guizhou). The study employed the Health-risk Behavior Questionnaire for College Students, the Parent-Child Relationship Scale, the Social Support Scale, and the School Connection Scale for data collection. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to examine the heterogeneous distribution characteristics of health-risk behaviors among vocational students, and multivariate Logistic regression was applied to analyze the related factors of latent classes.

Results

The LCA results identified three latent classes based on 12 health-risk behaviors: the comprehensive high-risk group (151 students, 8.7%), the psychological distress group (883 students, 50.8%), and the low-risk group (703 students, 40.5%). The distribution of latent classes showed statistically significant differences in gender and only-child status (χ2=121.25, 9.85, both P < 0.05). The low-risk group scored higher in parent-child relationship (29.26±6.19), social support (63.98±18.16), and school connection (35.97±7.71) compared to the comprehensive high-risk group (27.28±6.03, 57.67±15.60, 32.97±7.55) and the psychological distress group (27.52±5.19, 62.06±14.54, 33.80±6.14) (F=20.37, 23.51, 9.89, all P < 0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression revealed that boys(OR=3.29) were more likely to belong to the comprehensive high-risk group, social support (OR=0.03, 0.21) and school connection (OR=0.92, 0.96) were less likely to belong to both the comprehensive high-risk and psychological distress groups (all P < 0.05).

Conclusions

There are three potential categories of health-harmful behaviors among vocational college students in Wuling Mountain Area. Schools, families and society should enhance the levels of parent-child relationship, school connections and social support for vocational college students of different categories to promote their physical and mental health development.

Dangerous behavior  /  Mental health  /  Regression analysis  /  Students
文理中, 张天成, 王澳伦, 张福兰, 郭淑媛. 武陵山区高等职业院校学生危害健康行为潜在类别及相关因素分析. 中国学校卫生, 2025 , 46 (8) : 1102 -1106 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025226
Lizhong WEN, Tiancheng ZHANG, Aolun WANG, Fulan ZHANG, Shuyuan GUO. Latent class characteristics and related factors of health-risk behaviors among higher vocational college students in the Wuling Mountain Area[J]. Chinese Journal of School Health, 2025 , 46 (8) : 1102 -1106 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025226
正文
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危害健康行为指对青少年健康、完好状态乃至成年期健康和生活质量造成直接或间接损害的行为[1]。研究表明，危害健康行为在高等职业院校学生(简称高职生)群体中发生率较高[2]，这些行为不仅影响高职生个体的身心健康、学业成就，还会损害身体健康，增加患病风险[3-4]。社会生态理论表明个体的发展受到自身及其所处家庭、学校和社会等因素的相互作用影响[5]，而且三元交互理论提出，环境是决定行为的主要因素[6]。亲子关系、学校联结、社会支持是家庭环境、学校环境、社会环境的重要组成部分[7-9]，可缓解高职生在面对学业压力、人际关系问题等生活挑战时所产生的应激反应，增强其心理韧性和应对能力[10]，避免采取危害健康的行为方式来应对压力。本研究采用潜在类别分析(latent class analysis, LCA)方法，探讨武陵山区高职生危害健康行为潜在类别特征，分析亲子关系、学校联结、社会支持等因素对其影响，为制定针对性的干预策略提供参考。
1　对象与方法
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1.1　对象
于2024年4—6月采用分层随机整群抽样法，先从地处武陵山区的湖南湘西地区、湖北恩施地区、贵州铜仁地区采用抽签法各随机抽取1所高等职业院校(简称高职)，再从每所高职的每个年级各抽取6个班级，共54个班的全体学生作为调查对象。测试对象均知情同意，自愿参与。纳入标准：(1)具备基本理解能力，能够有效参与并完成调查；(2)填写问卷无明显逻辑错误或随意作答；(3)年满18周岁的在校大学生。排除标准：(1)问卷完成率低于80%；(2)确诊心理或精神障碍的个体。本次调研共回收问卷1 792份，有效问卷1 737份，有效率96.9%，其中男生652名，女生1 085名。所有调查对象均签署了知情同意书，本次调查通过了吉首大学伦理委员会审查(批号：No.JSDX-2023-0034)。
1.2　方法
1.2.1　一般人口学特征
包括性别、民族、年级、家庭居住地、是否独生子女、父母学历、父母职业、家庭类型等。
1.2.2　危害健康行为
本研究所涉及的危害健康行为共12种，均为在高职生群体中发生率较高的行为类型，涵盖偏食、缺乏安全感、打架斗殴、孤独情绪、睡眠障碍、情绪低落、自杀想法、抑郁症状、吸烟、饮酒、游戏成瘾及网络依赖等。其中除抑郁症状之外的11项行为指标参考自“中国青少年健康相关/危险行为调查问卷(大学生版)”的相关条目[11]，本次调查的Cronbach α系数为0.81。抑郁症状采用患者健康问卷(Patient Health Questionnaire-9, PHQ-9)进行测量[12]，该量表包含9个条目，采用4点计分法，“从未=0”至“总是=3”，以得分≥4分作为抑郁症状的判断依据。本次调查中该量表的Cronbach α系数为0.88。调查指标定义：偏食指喜欢吃某类食物；失眠指过去1年因担心某事而陷入失眠；吸烟指过去30 d，至少有1 d吸烟；饮酒指过去30 d，至少饮1杯酒；孤独情绪指过去1年曾有过强烈的孤独感；缺乏安全感指在过去12个月内曾感到缺乏安全保障；打架斗殴界定为过去一年中至少发生过一次肢体冲突；自杀想法是指个体在过去12个月内曾认真思考过自杀行为的可能性；伤心绝望表现为过去12个月内连续2周或更长时间持续处于极度悲伤或绝望状态，并因此中断日常活动；游戏成瘾的判定标准为近7 d内日均游戏时间不少于4 h；网络依赖指个体在过去7 d内每日上网时间≥4 h，且同时符合9项特征中的任意4项[11]。
1.2.3　亲子关系量表
采用Raja等[13]编制的亲子关系问卷，包括信任、沟通、疏离3个维度，共8个条目，采用1(非常不符合)~5(非常符合)5级评分，总分8~40分，得分越高表明亲子关系越好。在本次调查中该量表的Cronbach α系数为0.83。
1.2.4　学校联结量表
采用喻承甫等[14]编制的量表，包含同伴关系、师生关系、学校归属感3个维度，共10个条目，采用1(非常不符合)~5(非常符合)5级评分，总分10~50分，得分越高表示学校联结水平越高。在本次调查中量表的Cronbach α系数为0.81。
1.2.5　社会支持量表
采用叶悦妹等[15]编制的青少年社会支持量表，包括主观支持、客观支持和支持利用度3个维度，共17个条目，采用1(非常不符合)~5(非常符合)5级评分，总分在17~85分，得分越高说明其社会支持水平越高。本次调查中该量表的Cronbach α系数为0.95。
1.3　质量控制
在正式开展调查前，对所有调查人员进行统一培训，内容涵盖调查流程、问卷题项、答题规范及相关注意事项，以确保指导语和操作流程的一致性。调查过程中以班级为单位组织实施问卷调查，问卷现场分发并当场回收。为保证数据的有效性，对回收问卷进行严格筛查，剔除存在缺失作答、机械重复或明显无效填写的问卷，确保最终数据的科学性与准确性。
1.4　统计学分析
采用Mplus 8.6软件进行潜在类别分析，探索高职生危害健康行为的潜在类别数。模型拟合优良通常表现为较高的熵值(entropy)、更低的对数似然值(log likelihood)及信息准则指标，包括赤池信息量准则(akaike information criterion, AIC)、贝叶斯信息量准则(Bayesian information criterion, BIC)和样本量调整后的贝叶斯信息量准则(sample size-adjusted BIC, aBIC)。此外，罗梦戴尔鲁本似然比检验(Lo-Mendell-Rubin, LMR)若达到显著性水平，也表明模型拟合效果较佳。当LMR及引导式似然比检验(bootstrap likelihood ratio test, BLRT)的P值有统计学意义时，说明包含k个类别的模型优于k-1类别模型。统计分析采用SPSS 26.0软件，计数资料用例数(百分比)表示，计量资料采用均数±标准差描述，针对高职生危害健康行为的潜在类别，先通过χ2检验、方差分析进行单因素分析，采用LSD事后检验对不同潜在类别组的亲子关系、社会支持、学校联结得分进行多重比较，随后运用多元Logistic回归模型开展多因素分析。检验水准α=0.05。
2　结果
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2.1　高职生危害健康行为潜在类别分析
对高职生12种危害健康行为进行潜在类别分析，分别抽取1~4个类别，各类别拟合指标如表1所示，1~4类AIC、BIC、aBIC等信息指标值逐渐减小，但4类Entropy值< 0.8。3类别模型的平行归属概率矩阵结果显示，各组受试者在其所属潜在类别中的平均归属概率介于85.9%~94.2%，说明3分类模型具有较好的分类准确性与可靠性，因此得出3类结果为最优解。见表1。
类别1表现为多种物质滥用及相关心理问题，命名为综合高危组(151名，8.7%)；类别2表现为以心理问题为主，物质滥用较少，命名为心理问题组(883名，50.8%)；类别3表现为各类危害健康行为发生率低，命名为低危组(703名，40.5%)。见图1。
2.2　高职生危害健康行为潜在类别的单因素分析
结果显示，不同性别、是否独生子女高职生危害健康行为潜在类别分布差异均有统计学意义(P值均 < 0.05)，其中综合高危组男生高于女生，独生子高于非独生组。见表2。高职生亲子关系、社会支持、学校联结得分分别为(28.22±5.75)(62.47±12.25)(34.62±7.02)，低危组、心理问题组、综合高危组的亲子关系(29.26±6.19，27.52±5.19，27.28±6.03)、社会支持(63.98±18.16，62.06±14.54，57.67±15.60)、学校联结(35.97±7.71，33.80±6.14，32.97±7.55)得分差异均有统计学意义(F值分别为20.37，9.89，23.51，P值均 < 0.05)；多重比较结果显示，低危组亲子关系、社会支持、学校联结得分均高于综合高危组与心理问题组，心理问题组仅社会支持得分高于综合高危组(P值均 < 0.05)。
2.3　高职生危害健康行为潜在类别相关因素的多因素分析
采用多元Logistic回归分析，以低危组为参照组，纳入性别、独生情况、亲子关系、社会支持、学校联结。结果显示，相对各参照组，男生(OR=3.29)类属综合高危组概率大，社会支持(OR值分别为0.03，0.21)、学校联结(OR值分别为0.92，0.96)得分与综合高危组和心理问题组发生风险呈负相关(P值均 < 0.05)。见表3。
3　讨论
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研究结果显示，高职生危害健康行为可分为综合高危组、心理问题组和低危组3个潜在类别，与以往研究相似，但低于该地区的本科生研究[2]，仅40.5%的高职生处于低危组，可能高职生较本科生来说普遍存在文化课基础较弱的问题，长期学业挫折会导致低自我评价，进而通过危害健康行为逃避现实，并且高职教育以技能培养为主，学业评价体系相对宽松，部分学生缺乏明确目标，易产生懈怠心理，转而通过上网、游戏等行为寻求即时满足，逐渐延长对手机的使用时间而养成手机依赖[16]。
性别、是否独生子女在危害健康行为潜在类别分布上差异均有统计学意义，多元Logistic回归分析结果显示，男生更易类属综合高危组，独生子女类属心理问题组概率小。男生在综合高危组的比例高于女生，可能与社会文化对性别角色的期望和影响有关[17]，男生通常更容易接触到吸烟、饮酒等不良行为诱导因素，受社会刻板印象及自身心理认知倾向影响，更倾向于采用物质滥用手段来排解压力[18]。心理问题组发生概率女生高于男生，可能是因为女生天性安静、多愁、敏感，心理较男生来说更为脆弱，提示在高职生危害健康行为预防时要充分考虑性别因素。独生子女在综合高危组和心理障碍组的比例均高于非独生子女，可能与独生子女家庭结构中缺少兄弟姐妹的陪伴与情感交流等因素有关。提示家庭教育及日常陪伴中应着重强化子女应对困境的心理能力与社交技能[19]。
亲子关系、学校联结、社会支持得分在高职生危害健康行为潜在类别组间差异均有统计学意义。多元Logistic回归分析结果进一步证实了三者与高职生危害健康行为潜在类别的关联。在控制人口学变量后，亲子关系好类属心理问题组可能性小，良好亲子关系为高职生构建起坚实的心理安全网，使其在困境中主动寻求父母的经验指导与情感慰藉，有效规避危害健康行为的萌芽[20]，能够获得更多的情感支持和正确引导[21]。社会支持和学校联结方面，低危组和心理问题组的得分均高于综合高危组，社会支持和学校联结得分水平高类属综合高危组和心理障碍组的可能性小，可能是因为高社会支持水平的高职生在面临压力时能够从家庭、朋友和社会中获得更多的帮助，增强应对能力[22]；高学校联结水平的高职生在学校中感受到更多的归属感和认同感，有利于培养积极的行为习惯和健康的心理状态[23]。因此，通过改善亲子关系、提高社会支持水平和增强学校联结，有利于降低高职生危害健康行为的发生风险。
综上所述，高职院校应结合危害健康行为的潜在类别特征，采取分层精准的干预策略。针对男生重点开展物质滥用预防教育，女生则重点开展心理疏导，同时关注独生子女群体的心理需求，加强社交技能培训和亲子关系指导。在环境建设方面，应着力提升学校联结水平，通过优化师生互动、构建心理互助网络等方式增强学生的归属感。社会层面，应建立健全社会支持体系，为高职生提供更多的发展机会和社会资源，帮助他们更好应对生活中的各种挑战。
本研究也存在一定的局限性。首先，研究以问卷调查作为主要数据收集方式，难以完全避免受试者主观判断和回忆误差的影响，可能在一定程度上影响结果的精确性。其次，研究为横断面研究，无法确定高职生危害健康行为潜在类别与亲子关系、学校联结、社会支持之间的因果关系，未来需要开展纵向研究进一步验证。此外，研究仅选取了武陵山区的高职院校进行调查，样本的代表性存在一定的局限性。
基金
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  • 2022年教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目(22YJ880086)；湖南省哲学社会科学基金一般项目(19YBA285)；2024年湖南省教育厅科学研究重点项目(24A0381)
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2025年第46卷第8期
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doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025226
  • 接收时间：2025-02-25
  • 首发时间：2026-11-06
  • 出版时间：2025-08-25
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  • 收稿日期：2025-02-25
  • 修回日期：2025-06-06
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2022年教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目(22YJ880086)；湖南省哲学社会科学基金一般项目(19YBA285)；2024年湖南省教育厅科学研究重点项目(24A0381)
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    吉首大学体育科学学院，湖南 416000
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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