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Article(id=1325521555018621119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, issueId=1325521023759691810, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025207, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1742400000000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-20, revisedDate=1748275200000, revisedDateStr=2025-05-27, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793958565715, onlineDateStr=2026-11-06, pubDate=1753372800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793958565715, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793958565715, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793958565715, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1325521023759691810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, year='2025', volume='46', issue='7', pageStart='913', pageEnd='1064', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1753372800000', pubDateStr='2025-07-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793958439054, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793958439054, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=961, endPage=964, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1325521562639671489, articleId=1325521555018621119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=EN, title=Correlation between heart rate variability and extracurricular physical exercise of primary and middle school students in Chengdu City, columnId=1259565859148804482, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of School Health, columnName=Health Education and Promotion, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the impact of extracurricular physical activity on heart rate variability (HRV) among primary and secondary school students in Chengdu City, so ao to provide references for scientific exercise prescription.

Methods

Using a convenient sampling method, 1 323 primary and secondary students were enrolled from central Chengdu who underwent physical fitness assessments at Sichuan Provincial Institute of Sports Science from September 2020 to January 2022. According to the standards of the National Physical Fitness Monitoring Center, boys and girls were divided into groups with and without extracurricular physical exercise habits. HRV was monitored using the SA-3000P device. Key HRV parameters were evaluated separately by gender, including standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN), root mean square of successive differences (rMSSD), total power (TP), low-frequency power (LF) and high-frequency power (HF). Statistical analyses were employed by t-test, Mann-Whitney U-test and Chi-square test.

Results

lgSDNN, lgrMSSD, TP, LF and HF in the group without extracurricular physical exercise habit [boys: (1.67±0.13)ms, (1.59±0.20)ms, (7.34±0.73)ms2, (6.11±0.74)ms2, (6.05±0.87)ms2; girls: (1.67±0.13)ms, (1.59±0.19)ms, (7.35±0.60)ms2, (6.06±0.69)ms2, (6.12±0.87)ms2] were lower than those in the group with extracurricular physical exercise habit [boys: (1.75±0.13)ms, (1.72±0.18)ms, (7.69±0.62)ms2, (6.41±0.76)ms2, (6.44±0.79)ms2; girls: (1.73±0.13)ms, (1.68±0.20)ms, (7.60±0.65)ms2, (6.26±0.86)ms2, (6.36±0.90)ms2] (t=-8.24, -8.75, -6.54, -5.35, -6.33;-5.10, -4.90, -4.47, -2.71, -2.93, all P < 0.01). Only the group of boys without extracurricular physical exercise habits showed a decrease in lgLF/HF [0.04(-0.19, 0.27)] compared to the group with extracurricular physical exercise habits [-0.03(-0.25, 0.20)] (Z=-2.01, P < 0.05). When the score classes of autonomic nerve activity, stress index and fatigue index were compared between boys and girls groups without and with extracurricular physical exercise habits, the proportion of boys normal and above scores increased from 79.3%, 84.1%, 71.8% to 91.4%, 95.7%, 87.3%, respectively, and the differences were statistically significant (χ2=47.42, 63.66, 38.28); the proportion of girls normal score and above increased from 79.8%, 85.7%, 75.0% to 85.4%, 92.1%, 79.4%, and the differences were statistically significant (χ2=48.31, 22.18, 22.22) (all P < 0.01).

Conclusion

The primary and secondary school students who have the habit of extracurricular physical exercise have enhanced compliance in indicators related to HRV, showing more complex heart rate variability.

, authors=Zhongjin PAN1, Yihong ZHANG2, Zhongtao HE3, Jianyu LIU1, Xiao ZHENG1, Ping SHAO*, 3, authorsList=Zhongjin PAN, Yihong ZHANG, Zhongtao HE, Jianyu LIU, Xiao ZHENG, Ping SHAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Ping SHAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Chinese Journal of School Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1325521571053445317, articleId=1325521555018621119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=CN, title=成都市中小学生心率变异性与课外体育锻炼相关性, columnId=1259565859903779205, journalTitle=中国学校卫生, columnName=健康教育与健康促进, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

了解成都市中小学生课外体育锻炼对心率变异性的影响，为中小学生科学参与课外体育锻炼提供参考。

方法

采用方便抽样方法选取2020年9月—2022年1月在四川省体育科学研究所进行体质评估的1 323名成都市中心城区中小学生参与调查，参照国家国民体质监测中心标准将男、女生分别划分为有、无课外体育锻炼习惯组。采用SA-3000P，分别对男、女生心率变异标准偏差(SDNN)、连续性差异的平方根(rMSSD)、总频功率(TP)、低频功率(LF)、高频功率(HF)等心率变异性相关指标进行测评，采用t检验、Mann-Whitney U检验和χ2检验进行统计学分析。

结果

男、女生无课外体育锻炼习惯组lgSDNN、lgrMSSD、TP、LF、HF[男生：(1.67±0.13)ms，(1.59±0.20)ms，(7.34±0.73)ms2，(6.11±0.74)ms2，(6.05±0.87)ms2；女生：(1.67±0.13)ms，(1.59±0.19)ms，(7.35±0.60)ms2，(6.06±0.69)ms2，(6.12±0.87)ms2]比有课外体育锻炼习惯组均较低[男生：(1.75±0.13)ms，(1.72±0.18)ms，(7.69±0.62)ms2，(6.41±0.76)ms2，(6.44±0.79)ms2；女生：(1.73±0.13)ms，(1.68±0.20)ms，(7.60±0.65)ms2，(6.26±0.86)ms2，(6.36±0.90)ms2](t值分别为-8.24，-8.75，-6.54，-5.35，-6.33；-5.10，-4.90，-4.47，-2.71，-2.93，P值均＜0.01)。仅男生无课外体育锻炼习惯组lgLF/HF[0.04(-0.19，0.27)]较有课外体育锻炼习惯组[-0.03(-0.25, 0.20)]有降低(Z=-2.01，P＜0.05)。对男、女生无、有课外体育锻炼习惯组自主神经活性、压力指数及疲劳指数评分等级分别进行比较，男生正常及以上人数比例分别为79.3%，84.1%，71.8%；91.4%，95.7%，87.3%，差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为47.42，63.66，38.28)；女生正常及以上人数比例分别为79.8%，85.7%，75.0%；85.4%，92.1%，79.4%，差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为48.31，22.18，22.22)(P值均＜0.01)。

结论

有课外体育锻炼习惯的中小学生，在心率变异性相关指标上顺应性增强，并表现出更为复杂的心率变异性。

, authors=潘仲金1, 张艺宏2, 何仲涛3, 刘建宇1, 郑晓1, 邵平*, 3, authorsList=潘仲金, 张艺宏, 何仲涛, 刘建宇, 郑晓, 邵平, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=邵平, authorNote=

潘仲金(1996-)，男，重庆开州人，硕士，助教，主要研究向为儿童青少年运动健康与促进

, correspAuthorsNote=
邵平，E-mali：
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潘仲金(1996-)，男，重庆开州人，硕士，助教，主要研究向为儿童青少年运动健康与促进

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People Daily, 2025-01-20(006). 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Comparison of HRV indicators with and without extracurricular physical exercise habits in different genders(x±s)

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性别锻炼习惯人数统计值lgSDNN/ms2lgrMSSD/ms2TP/ms2LF/ms2HF/ms2lgLF/HF*
男无4441.67±0.131.59±0.207.34±0.736.11±0.746.05±0.870.04(-0.19, 0.27)
有2831.75±0.131.72±0.187.69±0.626.41±0.766.44±0.79-0.03(-0.25, 0.20)
t/Z值-8.24-8.75-6.54-5.35-6.33-2.01
P值＜0.01＜0.01＜0.01＜0.01＜0.01＜0.01
女无4311.67±0.131.59±0.197.35±0.606.06±0.696.12±0.87-0.04(-0.24, 0.19)
有1651.73±0.131.68±0.207.60±0.656.26±0.866.36±0.90-0.05(-0.26, 0.20)
t/Z值-5.10-4.90-4.47-2.71-2.930.22
P值＜0.01＜0.01＜0.01＜0.01＜0.010.82
), ArticleFig(id=1325521604968587514, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521555018621119, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同性别学生有、无课外体育锻炼习惯心率变异性指标比较(x±s)

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性别锻炼习惯人数统计值lgSDNN/ms2lgrMSSD/ms2TP/ms2LF/ms2HF/ms2lgLF/HF*
男无4441.67±0.131.59±0.207.34±0.736.11±0.746.05±0.870.04(-0.19, 0.27)
有2831.75±0.131.72±0.187.69±0.626.41±0.766.44±0.79-0.03(-0.25, 0.20)
t/Z值-8.24-8.75-6.54-5.35-6.33-2.01
P值＜0.01＜0.01＜0.01＜0.01＜0.01＜0.01
女无4311.67±0.131.59±0.197.35±0.606.06±0.696.12±0.87-0.04(-0.24, 0.19)
有1651.73±0.131.68±0.207.60±0.656.26±0.866.36±0.90-0.05(-0.26, 0.20)
t/Z值-5.10-4.90-4.47-2.71-2.930.22
P值＜0.01＜0.01＜0.01＜0.01＜0.010.82
), ArticleFig(id=1325521605408989435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521555018621119, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Comparison of rank distribution of ANS activity, stress index and fatigue index with and without extracurricular physical exercise habits in different genders

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性别锻炼习惯人数自主神经活性压力指数疲劳指数
优秀良好正常差极差优秀良好正常差极差优秀良好正常差极差
男有28333(11.7)104(36.7)122(43.1)18(6.4)6(2.1)9(3.2)59(20.8)203(71.7)3(1.1)9(3.2)28(9.9)135(47.7)84(29.7)22(7.8)14(4.9)
无44420(4.5)213(48.0)119(26.8)64(14.4)28(6.3)2(0.4)161(36.3)210(47.3)42(9.5)29(6.5)19(4.3)216(48.7)84(18.9)96(21.6)29(6.5)
女有16515(9.1)54(32.7)72(43.6)13(7.9)11(6.7)2(1.2)48(29.1)102(61.8)6(3.6)7(4.2)8(4.8)65(39.4)58(35.2)19(11.5)15(9.1)
无43117(3.9)243(56.4)84(19.5)65(15.1)22(5.1)0180(41.8)189(43.8)31(7.2)31(7.2)11(2.6)226(52.4)86(19.9)80(18.6)28(6.5)
), ArticleFig(id=1325521605866168572, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521555018621119, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同性别学生有无课外体育锻炼习惯自主神经活性、压力指数、疲劳指数等级分布比较

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性别锻炼习惯人数自主神经活性压力指数疲劳指数
优秀良好正常差极差优秀良好正常差极差优秀良好正常差极差
男有28333(11.7)104(36.7)122(43.1)18(6.4)6(2.1)9(3.2)59(20.8)203(71.7)3(1.1)9(3.2)28(9.9)135(47.7)84(29.7)22(7.8)14(4.9)
无44420(4.5)213(48.0)119(26.8)64(14.4)28(6.3)2(0.4)161(36.3)210(47.3)42(9.5)29(6.5)19(4.3)216(48.7)84(18.9)96(21.6)29(6.5)
女有16515(9.1)54(32.7)72(43.6)13(7.9)11(6.7)2(1.2)48(29.1)102(61.8)6(3.6)7(4.2)8(4.8)65(39.4)58(35.2)19(11.5)15(9.1)
无43117(3.9)243(56.4)84(19.5)65(15.1)22(5.1)0180(41.8)189(43.8)31(7.2)31(7.2)11(2.6)226(52.4)86(19.9)80(18.6)28(6.5)
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潘仲金 1 , 张艺宏 2 , 何仲涛 3 , 刘建宇 1 , 郑晓 1 , 邵平 *, 3
中国学校卫生 | 健康教育与健康促进 2025,46(7): 961-964
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中国学校卫生 |健康教育与健康促进 2025 , 46 (7) : 961 -964
成都市中小学生心率变异性与课外体育锻炼相关性
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潘仲金1, 张艺宏2, 何仲涛3, 刘建宇1, 郑晓1, 邵平*, 3
作者信息
  • 1重庆三峡学院体育与健康学院, 重庆 404100
  • 2成都体育学院运动医学与健康学院
  • 3四川省体育科学研究所(四川省反兴奋剂中心)群众体育教研室
通讯作者:
邵平，E-mali：
作者简介:

潘仲金(1996-)，男，重庆开州人，硕士，助教，主要研究向为儿童青少年运动健康与促进

Correlation between heart rate variability and extracurricular physical exercise of primary and middle school students in Chengdu City
Zhongjin PAN1, Yihong ZHANG2, Zhongtao HE3, Jianyu LIU1, Xiao ZHENG1, Ping SHAO*, 3
Affiliations
  • 1College of Physical Education and Health, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404100, China
出版时间: 2025-07-25 doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025207
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摘要
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目的

了解成都市中小学生课外体育锻炼对心率变异性的影响，为中小学生科学参与课外体育锻炼提供参考。

方法

采用方便抽样方法选取2020年9月—2022年1月在四川省体育科学研究所进行体质评估的1 323名成都市中心城区中小学生参与调查，参照国家国民体质监测中心标准将男、女生分别划分为有、无课外体育锻炼习惯组。采用SA-3000P，分别对男、女生心率变异标准偏差(SDNN)、连续性差异的平方根(rMSSD)、总频功率(TP)、低频功率(LF)、高频功率(HF)等心率变异性相关指标进行测评，采用t检验、Mann-Whitney U检验和χ2检验进行统计学分析。

结果

男、女生无课外体育锻炼习惯组lgSDNN、lgrMSSD、TP、LF、HF[男生：(1.67±0.13)ms，(1.59±0.20)ms，(7.34±0.73)ms2，(6.11±0.74)ms2，(6.05±0.87)ms2；女生：(1.67±0.13)ms，(1.59±0.19)ms，(7.35±0.60)ms2，(6.06±0.69)ms2，(6.12±0.87)ms2]比有课外体育锻炼习惯组均较低[男生：(1.75±0.13)ms，(1.72±0.18)ms，(7.69±0.62)ms2，(6.41±0.76)ms2，(6.44±0.79)ms2；女生：(1.73±0.13)ms，(1.68±0.20)ms，(7.60±0.65)ms2，(6.26±0.86)ms2，(6.36±0.90)ms2](t值分别为-8.24，-8.75，-6.54，-5.35，-6.33；-5.10，-4.90，-4.47，-2.71，-2.93，P值均＜0.01)。仅男生无课外体育锻炼习惯组lgLF/HF[0.04(-0.19，0.27)]较有课外体育锻炼习惯组[-0.03(-0.25, 0.20)]有降低(Z=-2.01，P＜0.05)。对男、女生无、有课外体育锻炼习惯组自主神经活性、压力指数及疲劳指数评分等级分别进行比较，男生正常及以上人数比例分别为79.3%，84.1%，71.8%；91.4%，95.7%，87.3%，差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为47.42，63.66，38.28)；女生正常及以上人数比例分别为79.8%，85.7%，75.0%；85.4%，92.1%，79.4%，差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为48.31，22.18，22.22)(P值均＜0.01)。

结论

有课外体育锻炼习惯的中小学生，在心率变异性相关指标上顺应性增强，并表现出更为复杂的心率变异性。

心率  /  身体锻炼  /  健康促进  /  学生
Objective

To investigate the impact of extracurricular physical activity on heart rate variability (HRV) among primary and secondary school students in Chengdu City, so ao to provide references for scientific exercise prescription.

Methods

Using a convenient sampling method, 1 323 primary and secondary students were enrolled from central Chengdu who underwent physical fitness assessments at Sichuan Provincial Institute of Sports Science from September 2020 to January 2022. According to the standards of the National Physical Fitness Monitoring Center, boys and girls were divided into groups with and without extracurricular physical exercise habits. HRV was monitored using the SA-3000P device. Key HRV parameters were evaluated separately by gender, including standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN), root mean square of successive differences (rMSSD), total power (TP), low-frequency power (LF) and high-frequency power (HF). Statistical analyses were employed by t-test, Mann-Whitney U-test and Chi-square test.

Results

lgSDNN, lgrMSSD, TP, LF and HF in the group without extracurricular physical exercise habit [boys: (1.67±0.13)ms, (1.59±0.20)ms, (7.34±0.73)ms2, (6.11±0.74)ms2, (6.05±0.87)ms2; girls: (1.67±0.13)ms, (1.59±0.19)ms, (7.35±0.60)ms2, (6.06±0.69)ms2, (6.12±0.87)ms2] were lower than those in the group with extracurricular physical exercise habit [boys: (1.75±0.13)ms, (1.72±0.18)ms, (7.69±0.62)ms2, (6.41±0.76)ms2, (6.44±0.79)ms2; girls: (1.73±0.13)ms, (1.68±0.20)ms, (7.60±0.65)ms2, (6.26±0.86)ms2, (6.36±0.90)ms2] (t=-8.24, -8.75, -6.54, -5.35, -6.33;-5.10, -4.90, -4.47, -2.71, -2.93, all P < 0.01). Only the group of boys without extracurricular physical exercise habits showed a decrease in lgLF/HF [0.04(-0.19, 0.27)] compared to the group with extracurricular physical exercise habits [-0.03(-0.25, 0.20)] (Z=-2.01, P < 0.05). When the score classes of autonomic nerve activity, stress index and fatigue index were compared between boys and girls groups without and with extracurricular physical exercise habits, the proportion of boys normal and above scores increased from 79.3%, 84.1%, 71.8% to 91.4%, 95.7%, 87.3%, respectively, and the differences were statistically significant (χ2=47.42, 63.66, 38.28); the proportion of girls normal score and above increased from 79.8%, 85.7%, 75.0% to 85.4%, 92.1%, 79.4%, and the differences were statistically significant (χ2=48.31, 22.18, 22.22) (all P < 0.01).

Conclusion

The primary and secondary school students who have the habit of extracurricular physical exercise have enhanced compliance in indicators related to HRV, showing more complex heart rate variability.

Heart rate  /  Exercise movement techniques  /  Health promotion  /  Students
潘仲金, 张艺宏, 何仲涛, 刘建宇, 郑晓, 邵平. 成都市中小学生心率变异性与课外体育锻炼相关性. 中国学校卫生, 2025 , 46 (7) : 961 -964 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025207
Zhongjin PAN, Yihong ZHANG, Zhongtao HE, Jianyu LIU, Xiao ZHENG, Ping SHAO. Correlation between heart rate variability and extracurricular physical exercise of primary and middle school students in Chengdu City[J]. Chinese Journal of School Health, 2025 , 46 (7) : 961 -964 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025207
正文
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心率变异性(heart rate variability，HRV)是指逐次窦性心搏R-R间期之间的微小差异。利用HRV对自主神经系统活性及相关功能进行监测，可以分析出交感神经与副交感神经(迷走神经)对心脏调控的相互作用[1]。近年来，随着学业竞争加大，中小学生心理行为问题发生率和精神障碍患病率逐渐上升[2]，交感神经与副交感神经之间的调控作用会减弱，HRV则表现出降低的现象[3]。研究表明，适当的体育锻炼可改善HRV，加强自主神经系统之间的调控，提高自主神经活性[4]。但以往HRV与体育锻炼的研究主要集中于成年人(大学生)[5-6]和老年人[7]，在儿童青少年(中小学生)方面还存在一定不足。本研究通过综合探讨中小学生课外体育锻炼对HRV各项指标的影响，及HRV作为生理反馈机制的潜在关联，旨在为中小学生身心健康促进提供针对性参考与建议。
1　对象与方法
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1.1　对象
采用方便抽样方法选取2020年9月—2022年1月前往四川省体育科学研究所进行体质评估的中小学生作为调查抽样对象。纳入标准：(1)就读于成都市中心城区的在校8~16岁中小学生；(2)身体健康无疾病史；(3)同意参与本研究并签署知情同意书。排除标准: (1)监测前12 h之内，饮用含咖啡因的制品、吸烟、服药；(2)监测前6 h之内，参加剧烈运动或体力活动。最终有1 323名学生符合纳入标准，排除学校体育课后，参照国家国民体质监测中心对经常参加体育锻炼的划分标准[8](每周参加≥3次体育锻炼、每次持续时间≥30 min、强度达到中等及以上)，划分为有、无课外体育锻炼习惯组(男生：283，444名，女生：165，431名)；平均年龄(11.48±2.12)岁。本研究已通过成都体育学院伦理审查委员会审查(批号: 成体伦理[2025]71)。
1.2　方法
1.2.1　基本信息收集表
包括学生姓名、性别、年龄、就读年级和课外体育锻炼相关信息(运动强度、每周锻炼次数及时间)。
1.2.2　HRV测试方法
采用SA-3000P心率变异分析仪，该仪器应用HRV和加速度脉搏(accelerated photoplethysmo graph, APG)理论[9]，通过心电图通道输出信息和自主神经系统检测，获取交感、副交感神经平衡程度等信息，分析精神压力状态和心理情绪状态。受试者在安静、光线良好及温度适中(20~25℃)的环境中完成10 min静息状态(情绪平稳、适应环境后靠坐在椅子上)，维持平静呼吸、全身放松及轻闭双眼的状态下[10]，研究人员将用酒精消毒后的上、下肢电极夹连接至双手手腕和左脚踝关节上方约3 cm处，待心电波形稳定后，采集5 min心电图像。监测结束后，仪器自动生成数据和图形诊断报告。
1.2.3　HRV指标
(1) HRV时域指标：①心率变异标准偏差(standard deviation of the normal to normal intervals，SDNN)，表示监测记录时间内，HRV总体变化的大小，数值越大表明身体越健康[11]；②连续性差异的平方根(root mean square successive difference，rMSSD)，表示计算相邻心动周期的变异，反应HRV中快速变化，数值越大表明身体越健康[12]。(2)HRV频域指标：①总频功率(total power，TP)，代表自主神经系统整体活性状态，表示自主神经对身体的调节能力，一般越高越好[13]；②高频功率(high frequency，HF)，评估副交感神经(迷走神经)活性的指标；③低频功率(low frequency，LF)，评估交感神经活性的指标；④平衡度(LF/HF)，代表整个自主神经系统的平衡程度[14]。HRV频域指标的降低表示自主神经系统活性降低以及神经调节能力下降，身体压力和疲劳程度上升[15]。(3)HRV衍生指标：基于时域和频域指标数值转换出自主神经活性、压力指数和疲劳指数3种评价指标，评分是直接通过仪器SA-3000P测定获得，评分范围均为50~150分。自主神经系统活性评分等级：50~70分为极差，>70~90分为差，>90~110分为正常，>110~130分为良好，>130~150分为优秀；压力指数和疲劳指数评分等级：50~70分为优秀，>70~90分为良好，>90~110分为正常，>110~130分为差，>130~150分为极差。该评分标准为该仪器的临床参考值，符合欧洲心脏学会、北美起搏和电生理学会建立的关于HRV理论标准[16]。
1.3　质量控制
监测前对研究参与者说明本研究的目的和意义，并指导学生填写基本信息收集表、签署测试知情同意书。其中，小学生在进行监测时，监护人全程陪同。数据收集结束后，研究人员对数据进行汇总、校对，数据误差过大的排除统计分析，监测过程均严格按照仪器操作要求进行，该监测全过程均由课题组成员完成，以确保数据的完整性和可靠性。
1.4　统计学分析
数据使用SPSS 26.0软件进行统计学分析，计数资料用频数或百分率描述；SDNN、rMSSD、LF/HF数据不符合正态分布，对其进行lg转换；符合正态分布的计量资料采用(x±s)进行描述，不符合正态分布的计量资料采用M(P25，P75)进行描述。对有、无体育锻炼习惯组的HRV指标比较采用独立样本t检验或Mann-Whitney U检验；对HRV衍生指标：自主神经活性、压力指数和疲劳指数评分等级的有、无体育锻炼习惯组间比较采用χ2检验。双侧检验水准α=0.05。
2　结果
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2.1　不同性别学生有无课外体育锻炼习惯组心率变异性指标比较
有课外体育锻炼习惯男、女生与同组无课外体育锻炼习惯者HRV各指标相比，lgSDNN、lgrMSSD、TP、LF及HF均较高，差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.01)；男生lgLF/HF较高，差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)，女生lgLF/HF差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见表1。
2.2　不同性别学生有无课外体育锻炼习惯组自主神经活性、压力指数、疲劳指数比较
无、有课外体育锻炼习惯男生组自主神经活性、压力指数和疲劳指数评分等级为正常及以上人数比例分别为79.3%，84.1%，71.8%；91.4%，95.7%，87.3%，差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为47.42，63.66，38.28)；无、有课外体育锻炼习惯女生组自主神经活性、压力指数和疲劳指数评分等级为正常及以上人数比例分别为79.8%，85.7%，75.0%；85.4%，92.1%，79.4%，差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为48.31，22.18，22.22)(P值均＜0.01)。见表2。
3　讨论
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本研究表明，有课外体育锻炼习惯的中小学生SDNN、rMSSD、TP、LF、HF及男生LF/HF与无体育锻炼习惯的中小学生相比均有统计学意义。虽然女生LF/HF差异无统计学意义，但进一步分析HRV衍生指标发现，有课外体育锻炼习惯的学生自主神经活性、压力指数及疲劳指数评分良好及以上比例均较高。表明适当的体育锻炼可以有效改善自主神经系统的活性，促进交感神经与迷走神经之间的相对关系[17]，且主要提高迷走神经的张力，从而增强身体对于外在压力的承受能力和对身体疲劳的调节能力[18]。基于上述优势，HRV可为中小学体质健康及心理健康评估与筛查工作提供客观化评估手段，能有效规避传统心理自评量表的主观认知偏差，对提升学生心理健康干预效能具有重要应用价值。此外，HRV不仅能作为心理状态监测的量化指标，还是反映自主神经调节能力的生物标志物特征。研究证实HRV水平与自主神经调控效能呈正相关[19]，提示通过体育锻炼不仅能增强迷走神经张力以提升HRV指标参数[20]，还可能成为中小学生发展自我调节能力的新型生物行为干预策略，对其身心健康发展产生积极促进作用。
本研究发现调查的中小学生有课外体育锻炼习惯人数占比较低，与当前中小学生普遍面临自主体育锻炼意识薄弱[21]、课外体育锻炼时间不足等问题[22]的相关研究结论一致。最新实施的中小学生每天2 h综合体育活动[23]可成为主要抓手，但目前关于综合体育活动相关质量标准尚未建立，具体到体育学科，无明确的运动强度及次数要求。提示设置每周进行3次及以上、每次不少于30 min中等强度的综合体育活动，可为中小学生心率变异性改善提供参考。
本研究也存在一些局限性：首先，研究对象多为没有课外体育锻炼习惯的学生，代表性不足；后续研究可扩大有课外体育锻炼习惯学生样本量。其次，研究仅参考了运动强度、频率和时间，未考虑不同运动项目对于HRV的影响；未来研究可进一步探讨不同运动项目对中小学生HRV影响的复杂机制。

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2025年第46卷第7期
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doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025207
  • 接收时间：2025-03-20
  • 首发时间：2026-11-06
  • 出版时间：2025-07-25
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  • 收稿日期：2025-03-20
  • 修回日期：2025-05-27
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    1重庆三峡学院体育与健康学院, 重庆 404100
    2成都体育学院运动医学与健康学院
    3四川省体育科学研究所(四川省反兴奋剂中心)群众体育教研室

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