Article(id=1325521295181480773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, issueId=1325521023759691810, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025222, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1741795200000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-13, revisedDate=1751299200000, revisedDateStr=2025-07-01, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793958503766, onlineDateStr=2026-11-06, pubDate=1753372800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793958503766, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793958503766, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793958503766, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1325521023759691810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, year='2025', volume='46', issue='7', pageStart='913', pageEnd='1064', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1753372800000', pubDateStr='2025-07-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793958439054, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793958439054, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=937, endPage=940, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1325521295982592839, articleId=1325521295181480773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=EN, title=Association between medium- to long-term ambient PM2.5 exposure and overweight/obesity among primary and secondary school students, columnId=1325521116441215415, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of School Health, columnName=Environmental Exposure and Child & Adolescent Health Series, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the association between medium- to long-term PM2.5 exposure around school areas and overweight/obesity among primary and secondary school students in Guangxi, providing data support and theoretical foundations for scientifically addressing overweight and obesity in primary and secondary school students.

Methods

From September to November 2023, a stratified cluster random sampling method was employed to select 251 183 students aged 7-18 years (grade 1 to grade 12) from 14 prefecture level cities (111 districts and counties) in Guangxi. PM2.5 mass concentration data were obtained from the Tracking Air Pollution in China (TAP) dataset. Preliminary comparative analysis was conducted using the Mann-Whitney U test, while binary Logistic regression models were applied to quantify the relationship between PM2.5 exposure and overweight/obesity. Restricted cubic spline analysis was further utilized to examine the nonlinear association between PM2.5 concentration and overweight/obesity risk.

Results

The detection rate of overweight/obesity among Guangxi students in 2023 was 19.5%. The median PM2.5 concentration in the year prior to the study was higher in the overweight/obesity group (23.22 μg/m3) compared to the non-overweight/obesity group (22.63 μg/m3) (Z=-15.66, P < 0.01), and consistent trends were observed across gender (male/female) and educational stage (primary/junior/senior high school) subgroups (all P < 0.01). Binary Logistic regression revealed that for every 10 μg/m3 increase in the annual average PM2.5 concentration, the risk of overweight/obesity increased by 12% (OR=1.12, 95%CI=1.09-1.15, P < 0.01). Restricted cubic spline analysis indicated a nonlinear relationship between monthly PM2.5 levels and overweight/obesity risk (Ptrend < 0.01). Below 22.68 μg/m3, PM2.5 exposure showed no significant association with obesity risk; above the threshold, the risk increased with rising PM2.5 levels.

Conclusion

Medium- to long-term PM2.5 exposure around school environments is significantly associated with overweight/obesity among primary and secondary school students.

, authors=Yuemei LUO1, Dengcheng ZHANG2, 3, Yang QIN2, Wutao LU1, Jianuo JIANG2, Li CHEN2, Tongjun GUO2, Jun MA2, Yanhui DONG2, Yan LI*, 1, authorsList=Yuemei LUO, Dengcheng ZHANG, Yang QIN, Wutao LU, Jianuo JIANG, Li CHEN, Tongjun GUO, Jun MA, Yanhui DONG, Yan LI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yan LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Chinese Journal of School Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1325521299342230348, articleId=1325521295181480773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=CN, title=校园周边中长期PM2.5暴露与中小学生超重肥胖的关联, columnId=1325521118253154745, journalTitle=中国学校卫生, columnName=环境暴露与儿童青少年健康专栏, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探讨校园周边中长期PM2.5暴露与中小学生超重肥胖之间的关联性,为科学防控中小学生超重肥胖提供数据支撑和理论依据。

方法

2023年9—11月,采用分层整群随机抽样方法从广西全区14个设区市111个区县,抽取251 183名小学一年级至高中三年级学生(7~18岁)作为研究对象。PM2.5质量体积浓度数据源自中国大气成分近实时追踪数据集。运用Mann-Whitney U检验比较是否超重肥胖儿童青少年PM2.5暴露水平,采用二元Logistic回归模型探究校园周边PM2.5水平与中小学生超重肥胖之间的量化关系,并进一步利用限制性立方样条分析PM2.5质量体积浓度与中小学生超重肥胖风险之间的非线性关联特征。

结果

广西中小学生超重肥胖检出率为19.5%,监测项目开始前一年的PM2.5质量体积浓度中位数超重肥胖组(23.22 μg/m3)高于非超重肥胖组(22.63 μg/m3)(Z=-15.66,P<0.01),在性别(男、女)、学段(小学、初中、高中)亚组分析中也呈现出一致的结果(P值均<0.01)。二元Logistic回归分析结果显示,最近一年PM2.5月平均质量体积浓度每增加10 μg/m3,中小学生超重肥胖的风险为原来的1.12倍(OR=1.12,95%CI=1.09~1.15,P<0.01)。限制性立方样条分析结果显示,PM2.5的月均水平与中小学生超重肥胖发生风险之间存在非线性关联(P趋势<0.01);当PM2.5暴露水平<22.68 μg/m3时,超重肥胖发生风险与PM2.5关联无统计学意义;当PM2.5暴露水平≥22.68 μg/m3时,超重肥胖的风险随着PM2.5暴露水平的增加而上升。

结论

校园周边中长期PM2.5暴露与儿童青少年超重肥胖之间存在关联。

, authors=罗月梅1, 张登城2, 3, 秦阳2, 陆武韬1, 蒋家诺2, 陈力2, 郭桐君2, 马军2, 董彦会2, 李艳*, 1, authorsList=罗月梅, 张登城, 秦阳, 陆武韬, 蒋家诺, 陈力, 郭桐君, 马军, 董彦会, 李艳, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=李艳, authorNote=

罗月梅(1992-),女,广西平南人,硕士,主管医师,主要从事儿童青少年卫生与健康工作

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李艳,E-mail:
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Front Endocrinol (Lausanne), 2020, 11: 509., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325521324516443068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521295181480773, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=21, rfOrder=21, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DELLA G L, SHIN A C. White and brown adipose tissue functionality is impaired by fine particulate matter PM(2.5) exposure[J]. J Mol Med (Berl), 2022, 100(5): 665-676., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325521324910707645, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521295181480773, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=22, rfOrder=22, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BAILEY M J, NAIK N N, WILD L E, et al. Exposure to air pollutants and the gut microbiota: a potential link between exposure, obesity, and type 2 diabetes[J]. 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Comparison of prevalence of overweight/obesity among different groups of primary and secondary school students

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组别选项人数超重肥胖人数χ2值P值
地区城区103 90122 491(21.6)510.48<0.01
郊县147 28226 538(18.0)
性别男128 57030 198(23.5)2 640.34<0.01
女122 61318 831(15.4)
学段小学133 02528 100(21.1)468.38<0.01
初中65 80911 507(17.5)
高中52 3499 422(18.0)
), ArticleFig(id=1325521316467573665, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521295181480773, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同组别中小学生超重肥胖率比较

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组别选项人数超重肥胖人数χ2值P值
地区城区103 90122 491(21.6)510.48<0.01
郊县147 28226 538(18.0)
性别男128 57030 198(23.5)2 640.34<0.01
女122 61318 831(15.4)
学段小学133 02528 100(21.1)468.38<0.01
初中65 80911 507(17.5)
高中52 3499 422(18.0)
), ArticleFig(id=1325521316547265442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521295181480773, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Comparison of monthly average PM2.5 exposure levels among overweight and obese primary and secondary school students in the previous year[M(IQR), μg/m3]

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超重肥胖人数监测点性别学段合计
城区郊县男女小学初中高中
否202 15425.24(6.63)21.54(4.91)22.60(5.82)22.68(5.87)22.43(5.94)22.23(5.50)23.59(6.46)22.63(5.86)
是49 02925.85(7.03)21.73(4.82)23.32(6.47)23.19(6.48)22.68(6.47)22.88(6.17)24.18(6.43)23.22(6.47)
Z值-11.98-1.69-13.10-8.98-9.93-9.06-9.79-15.66
P值<0.010.09<0.01<0.01<0.01<0.01<0.01<0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1325521316954112931, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521295181480773, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

是否超重肥胖中小学生调查前一年月均PM2.5暴露水平比较[M(IQR),μg/m3]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
超重肥胖人数监测点性别学段合计
城区郊县男女小学初中高中
否202 15425.24(6.63)21.54(4.91)22.60(5.82)22.68(5.87)22.43(5.94)22.23(5.50)23.59(6.46)22.63(5.86)
是49 02925.85(7.03)21.73(4.82)23.32(6.47)23.19(6.48)22.68(6.47)22.88(6.17)24.18(6.43)23.22(6.47)
Z值-11.98-1.69-13.10-8.98-9.93-9.06-9.79-15.66
P值<0.010.09<0.01<0.01<0.01<0.01<0.01<0.01
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校园周边中长期PM2.5暴露与中小学生超重肥胖的关联
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罗月梅 1 , 张登城 2, 3 , 秦阳 2 , 陆武韬 1 , 蒋家诺 2 , 陈力 2 , 郭桐君 2 , 马军 2 , 董彦会 2 , 李艳 *, 1
中国学校卫生 | 环境暴露与儿童青少年健康专栏 2025,46(7): 937-940
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中国学校卫生 |环境暴露与儿童青少年健康专栏 2025 , 46 (7) : 937 -940
校园周边中长期PM2.5暴露与中小学生超重肥胖的关联
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罗月梅(1992-),女,广西平南人,硕士,主管医师,主要从事儿童青少年卫生与健康工作

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罗月梅1, 张登城2, 3, 秦阳2, 陆武韬1, 蒋家诺2, 陈力2, 郭桐君2, 马军2, 董彦会2, 李艳*, 1
作者信息
  • 1广西壮族自治区疾病预防控制中心学校卫生所, 南宁 530028
  • 2北京大学公共卫生学院/儿童青少年卫生研究所
  • 3西藏自治区疾病预防控制中心公共卫生监测所
通讯作者:
李艳,E-mail:
作者简介:

罗月梅(1992-),女,广西平南人,硕士,主管医师,主要从事儿童青少年卫生与健康工作

Association between medium- to long-term ambient PM2.5 exposure and overweight/obesity among primary and secondary school students
Yuemei LUO1, Dengcheng ZHANG2, 3, Yang QIN2, Wutao LU1, Jianuo JIANG2, Li CHEN2, Tongjun GUO2, Jun MA2, Yanhui DONG2, Yan LI*, 1
Affiliations
  • 1School Health Department, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning 530028, China
出版时间: 2025-07-25 doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025222
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目的

探讨校园周边中长期PM2.5暴露与中小学生超重肥胖之间的关联性,为科学防控中小学生超重肥胖提供数据支撑和理论依据。

方法

2023年9—11月,采用分层整群随机抽样方法从广西全区14个设区市111个区县,抽取251 183名小学一年级至高中三年级学生(7~18岁)作为研究对象。PM2.5质量体积浓度数据源自中国大气成分近实时追踪数据集。运用Mann-Whitney U检验比较是否超重肥胖儿童青少年PM2.5暴露水平,采用二元Logistic回归模型探究校园周边PM2.5水平与中小学生超重肥胖之间的量化关系,并进一步利用限制性立方样条分析PM2.5质量体积浓度与中小学生超重肥胖风险之间的非线性关联特征。

结果

广西中小学生超重肥胖检出率为19.5%,监测项目开始前一年的PM2.5质量体积浓度中位数超重肥胖组(23.22 μg/m3)高于非超重肥胖组(22.63 μg/m3)(Z=-15.66,P<0.01),在性别(男、女)、学段(小学、初中、高中)亚组分析中也呈现出一致的结果(P值均<0.01)。二元Logistic回归分析结果显示,最近一年PM2.5月平均质量体积浓度每增加10 μg/m3,中小学生超重肥胖的风险为原来的1.12倍(OR=1.12,95%CI=1.09~1.15,P<0.01)。限制性立方样条分析结果显示,PM2.5的月均水平与中小学生超重肥胖发生风险之间存在非线性关联(P趋势<0.01);当PM2.5暴露水平<22.68 μg/m3时,超重肥胖发生风险与PM2.5关联无统计学意义;当PM2.5暴露水平≥22.68 μg/m3时,超重肥胖的风险随着PM2.5暴露水平的增加而上升。

结论

校园周边中长期PM2.5暴露与儿童青少年超重肥胖之间存在关联。

颗粒物  /  超重  /  肥胖症  /  回归分析  /  学生
Objective

To investigate the association between medium- to long-term PM2.5 exposure around school areas and overweight/obesity among primary and secondary school students in Guangxi, providing data support and theoretical foundations for scientifically addressing overweight and obesity in primary and secondary school students.

Methods

From September to November 2023, a stratified cluster random sampling method was employed to select 251 183 students aged 7-18 years (grade 1 to grade 12) from 14 prefecture level cities (111 districts and counties) in Guangxi. PM2.5 mass concentration data were obtained from the Tracking Air Pollution in China (TAP) dataset. Preliminary comparative analysis was conducted using the Mann-Whitney U test, while binary Logistic regression models were applied to quantify the relationship between PM2.5 exposure and overweight/obesity. Restricted cubic spline analysis was further utilized to examine the nonlinear association between PM2.5 concentration and overweight/obesity risk.

Results

The detection rate of overweight/obesity among Guangxi students in 2023 was 19.5%. The median PM2.5 concentration in the year prior to the study was higher in the overweight/obesity group (23.22 μg/m3) compared to the non-overweight/obesity group (22.63 μg/m3) (Z=-15.66, P < 0.01), and consistent trends were observed across gender (male/female) and educational stage (primary/junior/senior high school) subgroups (all P < 0.01). Binary Logistic regression revealed that for every 10 μg/m3 increase in the annual average PM2.5 concentration, the risk of overweight/obesity increased by 12% (OR=1.12, 95%CI=1.09-1.15, P < 0.01). Restricted cubic spline analysis indicated a nonlinear relationship between monthly PM2.5 levels and overweight/obesity risk (Ptrend < 0.01). Below 22.68 μg/m3, PM2.5 exposure showed no significant association with obesity risk; above the threshold, the risk increased with rising PM2.5 levels.

Conclusion

Medium- to long-term PM2.5 exposure around school environments is significantly associated with overweight/obesity among primary and secondary school students.

Particulate matter  /  Overweight  /  Obesity  /  Regression analysis  /  Students
罗月梅, 张登城, 秦阳, 陆武韬, 蒋家诺, 陈力, 郭桐君, 马军, 董彦会, 李艳. 校园周边中长期PM2.5暴露与中小学生超重肥胖的关联. 中国学校卫生, 2025 , 46 (7) : 937 -940 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025222
Yuemei LUO, Dengcheng ZHANG, Yang QIN, Wutao LU, Jianuo JIANG, Li CHEN, Tongjun GUO, Jun MA, Yanhui DONG, Yan LI. Association between medium- to long-term ambient PM2.5 exposure and overweight/obesity among primary and secondary school students[J]. Chinese Journal of School Health, 2025 , 46 (7) : 937 -940 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025222
在生活方式转变的背景下,儿童青少年肥胖已成为全球性的公共卫生问题。2019年世界肥胖联合会估计,到2025年全球将有2.06亿名5~19岁儿童青少年患有肥胖症,预计到2030年,儿童青少年肥胖人数将达2.54亿[1]。中国儿童青少年的超重肥胖率自20世纪90年代开始上升,目前正处于迅速上升期,一些大城市的儿童肥胖流行程度已接近发达国家水平[2]。儿童肥胖可能带来一系列严重后果,包括儿童青少年时期的心理健康问题以及慢性非传染性疾病的风险增加,如心脑血管疾病、2型糖尿病等[3-4]。儿童青少年肥胖的影响因素众多,包括遗传[5]、饮食[6-7]、运动习惯[8]、社会经济状态[9]等。近年来,有研究表明环境因素尤其是空气污染物,可能是影响超重肥胖的潜在因素[10-11]。然而,PM2.5暴露时间与超重肥胖的关联仍有待进一步研究。为此,本文旨在分析中长期PM2.5暴露与中小学生超重肥胖的关联,为预防和干预措施的制定提供科学依据。
调查依托广西“学生常见病和健康影响因素监测”项目,研究对象覆盖广西全区14个设区市111个区县,于2023年9—11月采用分层整群随机抽样方法,按照小学、初中、高中进行分层,用抽签法在城区监测点选取7所学校(2所小学、2所初中、2所高中,1所中等职业高中),郊县监测点选取5所学校(2所小学、2所初中、1所高中),在被选取小学、初中和高中学校,利用抽签法,每个年级抽取2个及以上班级,被抽取班级全体学生参加监测,确保每个年级至少80人。按照国家监测方案的要求,年龄范围<5或>27岁的样本均剔除,共筛查251 526人,剔除343人。最终调查251 183名小学一年级至高中三年级学生。其中男生128 570名,女生122 613名;城区学生103 901名,郊县学生147 282名;小学生133 025名,初中生65 809名,高中生52 349名(普通高中学生44 034名,中等职业高中学生8 315名)。研究已通过广西壮族自治区疾病预防控制中心医学伦理委员会批准(审批号:GXCDCIRB2023-0010),并取得监测对象及家长的知情同意。
对学生身高、体重进行测量,身高采用机械式身高计测量,精确到0.1 cm;体重采用电子体重计测量,精确到0.1 kg。年龄的计算方法为实足年龄,以半岁为单位。计算体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)=体重(kg)/[身高(m)]2,根据《学龄儿童青少年超重与肥胖筛查》(WS/T 586—2018)[12],判定学生超重肥胖情况。
PM2.5质量体积浓度(μg/m3)数据来源于中国大气成分近实时追踪数据集(tracking air pollution in China,TAP)[13]。研究采用1 km分辨率的PM2.5月均数据,数据收集时间为2022年9月1日到2023年8月31日。
从学生常见病监测数据库中提取每名学生的学校地址信息,利用高德地图应用程序编程接口批量获取这些学校地址的经纬度数据。将TAP数据中的含经纬度信息的PM2.5数据与个体健康数据匹配。
所有检查均由经过严格培训并考核合格的专业技术人员执行,确保检查的专业性。数据统一利用“广西学生常见病监测信息管理系统”小程序端录入,设置数据录入校验逻辑,并于体检当天抽取5%的学生进行身高、体重的复测,复测错误率不超过5%,以保证数据的准确性。
使用R软件(4.4.1版本)进行统计分析,对PM2.5数据进行正态性检验(K-S检验),D=0.08,P<0.01,不服从正态分布,因此采用中位数和四分位数间距描述。计数资料用频数或百分率描述,组间比较采用χ2检验。使用Mann-Whitney U检验、比较不同性别、监测点、学段亚组间PM2.5水平在肥胖与非肥胖组间的差异。采用二元Logistic回归模型评估PM2.5对中小学生超重和肥胖发生风险的影响,并在不同性别、监测点、学段亚组内进行分析。使用限制性立方样条图(restricted cubic spline, RCS)进行可视化,展示PM2.5与肥胖风险之间的非线性关系。双侧检验水准α=0.05。
中小学生超重肥胖率为19.5%(49 029名)。城区学生超重肥胖率高于郊县学生,男生高于女生,小学生高于高中生和初中生,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。见表1。
非超重肥胖学生所在校园周边的PM2.5浓度中位数为22.63(5.86)μg/m3,超重肥胖学生的PM2.5浓度中位数为23.22(6.47)μg/m3,差异有统计学意义(Z=-15.66,P<0.01)。在不同性别、学段和监测点为城区的调查对象中,超重肥胖组的PM2.5暴露水平均高于非超重肥胖组(P值均<0.01),但这一差异在郊县组间无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见表2。
以中小学生是否超重肥胖为因变量(以否为参照),以调查前一年的月平均PM2.5质量体积浓度为自变量,在全部调查对象和不同性别、监测点、学段亚组中进行二元Logistic回归分析,结果显示,PM2.5月平均质量体积浓度每增加10 μg/m3,学生超重肥胖的风险为原来的1.21倍(OR=1.21,95%CI=1.18~1.24),这一关联在男生(OR=1.23,95%CI=1.19~1.27)、女生(OR=1.19,95%CI=1.14~1.24)、城区(OR=1.26,95%CI=1.21~1.31),小学生(OR=1.15,95%CI=1.12~1.19)、初中生(OR=1.31,95%CI=1.24~1.38)和高中生中(OR=1.33,95%CI=1.25~1.41)均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。
进一步调整监测点、性别、学段后,二元Logistic回归分析结果显示,调查前一年的PM2.5月平均质量体积浓度每增加10 μg/m3,学生超重肥胖的风险为原来的1.12倍(OR=1.12,95%CI=1.09~1.15,P<0.01)。
见图1。
RCS曲线图显示,PM2.5的月均水平与中小学生超重肥胖发生风险间存在非线性关联(P<0.01)。在PM2.5暴露水平较低时(<22.68 μg/m3),其与中小学生超重肥胖发生风险的关联无统计学意义;随着PM2.5暴露水平的增加,尤其是≥22.68 μg/m3后,中小学生超重肥胖发生风险上升。
根据PM2.5暴露与超重肥胖发生风险预测模型,将PM2.5暴露水平>22.68 μg/m3的观察对象进行亚组回归分析,结果显示,在调整监测点、性别、学段等协变量的影响后,PM2.5质量体积浓度每增加1 μg/m3,学生超重肥胖的发生风险为原来的1.03倍(OR=1.03,95%CI=1.02~1.03,P<0.01)。
本研究结果显示,广西中小学生超重肥胖的检出情况与PM2.5质量体积浓度密切相关,在不同性别、学段中亦观察到此关联性。这一结果不仅揭示了空气污染物PM2.5与中小学生超重肥胖的关联,也为后续研究提供了重要线索,为制定科学合理的预防干预策略奠定了坚实的理论基础。
本研究探究了PM2.5暴露与中小学生超重肥胖之间的内在联系,其成果对于理解环境因素在肥胖流行中的作用具有重大意义。研究发现,在监测项目启动前一年,超重肥胖个体所处环境的月均PM2.5暴露浓度高于非超重肥胖人群,这一现象在城区学生中尤为突出,而郊县学生中二者相关性无统计学意义。这一差异可能源于城区交通密度大[14-15],工业排放量以及人口密集度均高于郊区,导致PM2.5污染更为严重,而郊县地区自然环境优越、空气质量良好,饮食习惯、运动量、社会经济状况等其他因素对中小学生超重肥胖的影响力相对更强,可能在一定程度上掩盖了PM2.5对肥胖的潜在作用。进一步分析不同性别和学段的学生群体,结果显示超重肥胖人群在各亚组中的PM2.5暴露浓度均高于非超重肥胖人群,表明高质量体积浓度PM2.5暴露对不同性别、学段中小学生超重肥胖的促进效应具有一致性。
现有研究表明,PM2.5暴露可能通过多种机制影响超重与肥胖发生。一方面,在动物研究中发现幼年小鼠暴露于真实环境空气污染下,PM2.5可通过扰乱线粒体的功能引起脂质代谢异常和肥胖的发生[16]。另一方面,有研究表明,PM2.5进入体内后会激活免疫系统,导致体内的炎症因子(如肿瘤坏死因子α、白介素-6等)水平升高,这些炎症因子引起慢性炎症,可干扰脂肪代谢,最终导致体重增加[17-18]。因此,PM2.5诱发的炎症反应,可能是超重肥胖风险增加的一个关键机制。其次,PM2.5可能通过内分泌干扰机制影响体重调节。一些学者发现PM2.5暴露可能影响胰岛素、瘦素、脂联素等激素的水平,进而干扰脂肪的存储和代谢[19-20],从而增加超重肥胖的发生率。此外,PM2.5的暴露可能通过氧化应激机制促进脂肪的积累[21]。另外PM2.5暴露还可能通过影响肠道微生物群的结构,导致肠道屏障功能受损,进而引发系统性炎症、改变能量的吸收和代谢,导致超重肥胖的发生[22]。
本研究以Logistic回归分析,精准量化了PM2.5暴露与中小学生超重肥胖风险之间的关系。在深入的亚组分析中,除了郊县地区,城区、不同性别以及不同学段的学生群体中,PM2.5水平增加均提高学生超重肥胖风险,凸显出PM2.5对中小学生体重管理的广泛影响。即便在控制了城乡、性别与学段等关键变量后,PM2.5的暴露效应依然有统计学意义,进一步凸显了减少PM2.5污染在预防中小学生超重肥胖问题上的紧迫性与重要性,为制定针对性的环境干预政策和健康促进策略提供了科学依据。研究进一步揭示了PM2.5暴露水平与儿童青少年超重肥胖发生风险之间的非线性关联。在PM2.5暴露水平较低时,与中小学生超重肥胖发生风险的关联无统计学意义,但随着PM2.5暴露水平的增加,尤其是在超过22.68 μg/m3后,肥胖发生风险上升。
本研究存在一定的局限性:首先,研究为横断面设计,无法做出因果推断。其次,以学生所在学校地址作为PM2.5的暴露地,未考虑室内空气污染物的暴露等问题,可能存在一定的偏倚。本研究未考虑行为生活方式的影响及交互效应,未来仍需更为深入的研究验证PM2.5与儿童青少年超重肥胖的关联。
  • 广西壮族自治区卫生健康委自筹经费科研课题项目(Z-A20230422);广西医疗卫生适宜技术开发与推广应用项目(S2021065)
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2025年第46卷第7期
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doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025222
  • 接收时间:2025-03-13
  • 首发时间:2026-11-06
  • 出版时间:2025-07-25
补充材料
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-13
  • 修回日期:2025-07-01
基金
广西壮族自治区卫生健康委自筹经费科研课题项目(Z-A20230422);广西医疗卫生适宜技术开发与推广应用项目(S2021065)
作者信息
    1广西壮族自治区疾病预防控制中心学校卫生所, 南宁 530028
    2北京大学公共卫生学院/儿童青少年卫生研究所
    3西藏自治区疾病预防控制中心公共卫生监测所

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李艳,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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