Article(id=1325521122757849512, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, issueId=1325521023759691810, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025215, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1746460800000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-06, revisedDate=1749744000000, revisedDateStr=2025-06-13, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793958462657, onlineDateStr=2026-11-06, pubDate=1753372800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793958462657, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793958462657, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793958462657, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1325521023759691810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, year='2025', volume='46', issue='7', pageStart='913', pageEnd='1064', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1753372800000', pubDateStr='2025-07-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793958439054, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793958439054, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1032, endPage=1036, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1325521125677085097, articleId=1325521122757849512, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=EN, title=Analysis of classroom environment hygiene in primary and secondary schools in Guizhou Province from 2022 to 2024, columnId=1325500884406379444, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of School Health, columnName=Disease Control, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective To understand classroom environmental conditions and their association with spinal curvature abnormalities among students of primary and secondary schools in Guizhou Province, so as to provide a basis for formulating school health policies and scientific prevention and control measures for abnormal spinal curvature in students.
Methods Using a stratified random sampling method, 471 schools (2 811 classrooms) were selected annually across the province from 2022 to 2024 in order to monitor and evaluate classroom environment according to national standards. Spinal examinations were conducted for 196 606 (2022), 194 876 (2023), and 195 048 (2024) students, and χ2 test was used to analyze the correlation of desk and chair compliance with student spinal curvature abnormalities.
Results The qualified rates of classroom blackboard illuminance uniformity (85.41%) and the blackboard size (82.24%) were the highest in primary and secondary schools in Guizhou Province, while the average blackboard surface illumination qualified rate (20.10%) was the lowest. The average desk illumination (50.11%-58.63%), desk illumination uniformity (61.92%-72.27%) and qualified noise rate (50.04%-51.94%) increased significantly in 3 years; in addition, the compliance rate of desks and chairs decreased from 25.00% to 13.52%, and the differences were all statistically significant (χ2=42.48, 80.93, 46.09, 129.72, all P < 0.05). Middle school classrooms outperformed primary schools in terms of per capita area, average blackboard illuminance, blackboard illuminance uniformity, average desktop illuminance, desktop illuminance uniformity, and noise compliance (χ2=311.55, 12.41, 20.64, 40.76, 10.25, 52.47), but had lower compliance for blackboard size and reflectance (χ2=537.29, 7.59) (all P < 0.01). Urban schools had higher compliance than suburban schools for per capita area, average blackboard illuminance, average desktop illuminance, and desktop illuminance uniformity (χ2=73.71, 17.68, 29.30, 36.03), but lower compliance for desk-chair suitability, blackboard size, and blackboard reflectance (χ2=4.72, 26.02, 5.43) (all P < 0.05). The spinal curvature abnormality detection rate was 0.83%. A significant association was found between abnormality detection and desk-chair non-compliance (χ2=223.85, P < 0.01).
Conclusions Classroom environment hygiene in Guizhou schools is suboptimal. Strengthening school environmental hygiene infrastructure and greater attention to its impact on student's health are essential.
, authors=Xiaoli HUANG, Xiaoqin ZHANG, Xin LI, Xiying PENG, Zhuan WANG, Xiujuan LU
*, authorsList=Xiaoli HUANG, Xiaoqin ZHANG, Xin LI, Xiying PENG, Zhuan WANG, Xiujuan LU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xiujuan LU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Chinese Journal of School Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1325521128709566890, articleId=1325521122757849512, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=CN, title=贵州省2022—2024年中小学校教学环境卫生状况, columnId=1325500884628677558, journalTitle=中国学校卫生, columnName=疾病控制, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的 了解贵州省中小学校教学环境卫生状况及其与学生脊柱弯曲异常之间的关联性，为制定学校卫生政策以及学生脊柱弯曲异常的科学防控措施提供依据。
方法 采用分层随机抽样的方法，于2022—2024年每年在贵州省范围内抽取471所学校，2 811间教室，根据国家相关标准进行教学环境监测和评价。2022，2023，2024年分别抽取196 606，194 876，195 048名学生进行脊柱弯曲异常体格检查，采用χ2检验分析课桌椅符合情况与学生脊柱弯曲异常之间的关联性。
结果 贵州省中小学校教室合格率最高的为黑板面照度均匀度(85.41%)、黑板尺寸(82.24%)，黑板面平均照度合格率(20.10%)最低。课桌面平均照度(50.11%~58.63%)、课桌面照度均匀度(61.92%~72.27%)及噪声合格率(50.04%~51.94%)在3年内显著升高, 课桌椅符合率由25.00%下降至13.52%，差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为42.48，80.93，46.09，129.72，P值均 < 0.05)。中学教室人均面积、黑板面平均照度和均匀度、课桌面平均照度和均匀度及噪声合格率均高于小学教室(χ2值分别为311.55，12.41，20.64，40.76，10.25，52.47)，黑板尺寸及黑板反射比合格率均低于小学教室(χ2值分别为537.29，7.59)(P值均 < 0.01)。城区学校教室人均面积、黑板面平均照度及课桌面平均照度和均匀度合格率均高于郊县学校(χ2值分别为73.71，17.68，29.30，36.03)，课桌椅符合率、黑板尺寸、黑板反射比合格率均低于郊县学校(χ2值分别为4.72，26.02，5.43)(P值均 < 0.05)。中小学生脊柱弯曲异常检出率为0.83%，检出情况与课桌椅符合情况存在关联性(χ2=223.85，P < 0.01)。
结论 贵州省中小学校整体教学环境卫生状况偏低，需继续加强学校教学环境卫生建设，重视其对学生健康的影响。
, authors=黄小丽, 张晓琴, 李忻, 彭西英, 王转, 卢秀娟
*, authorsList=黄小丽, 张晓琴, 李忻, 彭西英, 王转, 卢秀娟, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=卢秀娟, authorNote=
黄小丽(1996-)，女，贵州遵义人，硕士，医师，主要从事学校卫生工作
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(in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1325521162159141346, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521122757849512, awardId=null, language=CN, fundingSource=贵州省卫生健康委科学技术基金项目(gzwkj2022-449), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1325521133323301292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521122757849512, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325521133663039917, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521122757849512, companyId=1325521133323301292, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of School Health, Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325521133709177262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521122757849512, companyId=1325521133323301292, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=贵州省疾病预防控制中心学校卫生科，贵阳 550004)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1325521155087544798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521122757849512, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=
Monitoring indicators of teaching and environmental health in primary and secondary schools in Guizhou Province from 2022 to 2024
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 组别 | 选项 | 统计值 | 教室人均面积 | | 课桌椅 | | 黑板尺寸 | | 黑板反射比 | | 黑板面平均照度 |
|---|
| 检测数 | 合格数 | 检测数 | 符合数 | 检测数 | 合格数 | 检测数 | 合格数 | 检测数 | 合格数 |
|---|
| 年份 | 2022 | | 2 802 | 849(30.30) | | 2 712 | 678(25.00) | | 2 756 | 2 231(80.95) | | 2 594 | 897(34.58) | | 2 661 | 502(18.87) |
| 2023 | | 2 781 | 856(30.78) | | 2 731 | 639(23.40) | | 2 776 | 2 332(84.01) | | 2 651 | 1 215(45.83) | | 2 687 | 563(20.95) |
| 2024 | | 2 787 | 819(29.39) | | 2 759 | 373(13.52) | | 2 757 | 2 254(81.76) | | 2 686 | 953(35.48) | | 2 713 | 555(20.46) |
| | χ2值 | | 1.33 | | | 129.72 | | | 9.51 | | | 87.17 | | | 3.96 |
| | P值 | | < 0.01 | | | 0.52 | | | < 0.01 | | | < 0.01 | | | 0.14 |
| 学段 | 小学 | | 3 222 | 611(18.96) | | 3 143 | 625(19.89) | | 3 170 | 2 999(94.61) | | 3 012 | 1 222(40.57) | | 3 078 | 557(18.10) |
| 中学 | | 5 148 | 1 913(37.16) | | 5 059 | 1 065(21.05) | | 5 119 | 3 818(74.58) | | 4 919 | 1 843(37.47) | | 4 983 | 1 063(21.33) |
| | χ2值 | | 311.55 | | | 1.61 | | | 537.29 | | | 7.59 | | | 12.41 |
| | P值 | | < 0.01 | | | 0.20 | | | < 0.01 | | | < 0.01 | | | < 0.01 |
| 城乡 | 城区 | | 1 448 | 573(39.57) | | 1 458 | 270(18.52) | | 1 430 | 1 109(77.55) | | 1 396 | 501(35.89) | | 1 420 | 343(24.15) |
| 郊县 | | 6 922 | 1 951(28.19) | | 6 744 | 1 420(21.06) | | 6 859 | 5 708(83.22) | | 6 535 | 2 564(39.23) | | 6 641 | 1 277(19.23) |
| | χ2值 | | 73.71 | | | 4.72 | | | 26.02 | | | 5.43 | | | 17.68 |
| | P值 | | < 0.01 | | | 0.03 | | | < 0.01 | | | 0.02 | | | < 0.01 |
| 合计 | | | 8 370 | 2 524(30.16) | | 8 202 | 1 690(20.60) | | 8 289 | 6 817(82.24) | | 7 931 | 3 065(38.65) | | 8 061 | 1 620(20.10) |
|
| 组别 | 选项 | 统计值 | 黑板面照度均匀度 | | 课桌面平均照度 | | 课桌面照度均匀度 | | 噪声 |
| 检测数 | 合格数 | 检测数 | 合格数 | 检测数 | 合格数 | 检测数 | 合格数 |
| 年份 | 2022 | | 2 661 | 2 299(86.40) | | 2 796 | 1 401(50.11) | | 2 796 | 1 759(62.91) | | 2 746 | 1 374(50.04) |
| 2023 | | 2 687 | 2 247(83.62) | | 2 807 | 1 487(52.97) | | 2 807 | 1 739(61.95) | | 2 768 | 1 198(43.28) |
| 2024 | | 2 713 | 2 339(86.21) | | 2 809 | 1 647(58.63) | | 2 809 | 2 030(72.27) | | 2 811 | 1 460(51.94) |
| | χ2值 | | 10.36 | | | 42.48 | | | 80.93 | | | 46.09 |
| | P值 | | < 0.01 | | | < 0.01 | | | < 0.01 | | | < 0.01 |
| 学段 | 小学 | | 3 078 | 2 559(83.14) | | 3 218 | 1 593(49.50) | | 3 218 | 2 047(63.61) | | 3 187 | 1 383(43.40) |
| 中学 | | 4 983 | 4 326(86.82) | | 5 194 | 2 942(56.64) | | 5 194 | 3 481(67.02) | | 5 138 | 2 649(51.56) |
| | χ2值 | | 20.64 | | | 40.76 | | | 10.25 | | | 52.47 |
| | P值 | | < 0.01 | | | < 0.01 | | | < 0.01 | | | < 0.01 |
| 城乡 | 城区 | | 1 420 | 1 226(86.34) | | 1 455 | 878(60.34) | | 1 455 | 1 055(72.51) | | 1 446 | 718(49.65) |
| 郊县 | | 6 641 | 5 659(85.21) | | 6 957 | 3 657(52.57) | | 6 957 | 4 473(64.29) | | 6 879 | 3 314(48.18) |
| | χ2值 | | 1.19 | | | 29.30 | | | 36.03 | | | 1.05 |
| | P值 | | 0.28 | | | < 0.01 | | | < 0.01 | | | 0.31 |
| 合计 | | | 8 061 | 6 885(85.41) | | 8 412 | 4 535(53.91) | | 8 412 | 5 528(65.72) | | 8 325 | 4 032(48.43) |
), ArticleFig(id=1325521156329058783, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521122757849512, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
贵州省2022—2024年不同组别中小学校教学环境卫生监测指标合格率比较
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 组别 | 选项 | 统计值 | 教室人均面积 | | 课桌椅 | | 黑板尺寸 | | 黑板反射比 | | 黑板面平均照度 |
|---|
| 检测数 | 合格数 | 检测数 | 符合数 | 检测数 | 合格数 | 检测数 | 合格数 | 检测数 | 合格数 |
|---|
| 年份 | 2022 | | 2 802 | 849(30.30) | | 2 712 | 678(25.00) | | 2 756 | 2 231(80.95) | | 2 594 | 897(34.58) | | 2 661 | 502(18.87) |
| 2023 | | 2 781 | 856(30.78) | | 2 731 | 639(23.40) | | 2 776 | 2 332(84.01) | | 2 651 | 1 215(45.83) | | 2 687 | 563(20.95) |
| 2024 | | 2 787 | 819(29.39) | | 2 759 | 373(13.52) | | 2 757 | 2 254(81.76) | | 2 686 | 953(35.48) | | 2 713 | 555(20.46) |
| | χ2值 | | 1.33 | | | 129.72 | | | 9.51 | | | 87.17 | | | 3.96 |
| | P值 | | < 0.01 | | | 0.52 | | | < 0.01 | | | < 0.01 | | | 0.14 |
| 学段 | 小学 | | 3 222 | 611(18.96) | | 3 143 | 625(19.89) | | 3 170 | 2 999(94.61) | | 3 012 | 1 222(40.57) | | 3 078 | 557(18.10) |
| 中学 | | 5 148 | 1 913(37.16) | | 5 059 | 1 065(21.05) | | 5 119 | 3 818(74.58) | | 4 919 | 1 843(37.47) | | 4 983 | 1 063(21.33) |
| | χ2值 | | 311.55 | | | 1.61 | | | 537.29 | | | 7.59 | | | 12.41 |
| | P值 | | < 0.01 | | | 0.20 | | | < 0.01 | | | < 0.01 | | | < 0.01 |
| 城乡 | 城区 | | 1 448 | 573(39.57) | | 1 458 | 270(18.52) | | 1 430 | 1 109(77.55) | | 1 396 | 501(35.89) | | 1 420 | 343(24.15) |
| 郊县 | | 6 922 | 1 951(28.19) | | 6 744 | 1 420(21.06) | | 6 859 | 5 708(83.22) | | 6 535 | 2 564(39.23) | | 6 641 | 1 277(19.23) |
| | χ2值 | | 73.71 | | | 4.72 | | | 26.02 | | | 5.43 | | | 17.68 |
| | P值 | | < 0.01 | | | 0.03 | | | < 0.01 | | | 0.02 | | | < 0.01 |
| 合计 | | | 8 370 | 2 524(30.16) | | 8 202 | 1 690(20.60) | | 8 289 | 6 817(82.24) | | 7 931 | 3 065(38.65) | | 8 061 | 1 620(20.10) |
|
| 组别 | 选项 | 统计值 | 黑板面照度均匀度 | | 课桌面平均照度 | | 课桌面照度均匀度 | | 噪声 |
| 检测数 | 合格数 | 检测数 | 合格数 | 检测数 | 合格数 | 检测数 | 合格数 |
| 年份 | 2022 | | 2 661 | 2 299(86.40) | | 2 796 | 1 401(50.11) | | 2 796 | 1 759(62.91) | | 2 746 | 1 374(50.04) |
| 2023 | | 2 687 | 2 247(83.62) | | 2 807 | 1 487(52.97) | | 2 807 | 1 739(61.95) | | 2 768 | 1 198(43.28) |
| 2024 | | 2 713 | 2 339(86.21) | | 2 809 | 1 647(58.63) | | 2 809 | 2 030(72.27) | | 2 811 | 1 460(51.94) |
| | χ2值 | | 10.36 | | | 42.48 | | | 80.93 | | | 46.09 |
| | P值 | | < 0.01 | | | < 0.01 | | | < 0.01 | | | < 0.01 |
| 学段 | 小学 | | 3 078 | 2 559(83.14) | | 3 218 | 1 593(49.50) | | 3 218 | 2 047(63.61) | | 3 187 | 1 383(43.40) |
| 中学 | | 4 983 | 4 326(86.82) | | 5 194 | 2 942(56.64) | | 5 194 | 3 481(67.02) | | 5 138 | 2 649(51.56) |
| | χ2值 | | 20.64 | | | 40.76 | | | 10.25 | | | 52.47 |
| | P值 | | < 0.01 | | | < 0.01 | | | < 0.01 | | | < 0.01 |
| 城乡 | 城区 | | 1 420 | 1 226(86.34) | | 1 455 | 878(60.34) | | 1 455 | 1 055(72.51) | | 1 446 | 718(49.65) |
| 郊县 | | 6 641 | 5 659(85.21) | | 6 957 | 3 657(52.57) | | 6 957 | 4 473(64.29) | | 6 879 | 3 314(48.18) |
| | χ2值 | | 1.19 | | | 29.30 | | | 36.03 | | | 1.05 |
| | P值 | | 0.28 | | | < 0.01 | | | < 0.01 | | | 0.31 |
| 合计 | | | 8 061 | 6 885(85.41) | | 8 412 | 4 535(53.91) | | 8 412 | 5 528(65.72) | | 8 325 | 4 032(48.43) |
), ArticleFig(id=1325521157985808864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521122757849512, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=
Analysis on the correlation between the compliance school desk and chair and abnormal spinal curvature in primary and secondary schools in Guizhou Province from 2022 to 2024
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 年份 | 课桌椅符合 | 检测人数 | 脊柱弯曲人数 | χ2值 | P值 |
|---|
| 2022 | 合格 | 79 985 | 379(0.47) | 2.99 | 0.09 |
| 不合格 | 116 621 | 618(0.53) | | |
| 2023 | 合格 | 52 810 | 388(0.73) | 99.99 | < 0.01 |
| 不合格 | 142 066 | 1 808(1.27) | | |
| 2024 | 合格 | 41 831 | 204(0.49) | 83.89 | < 0.01 |
| 不合格 | 153 217 | 1 459(0.95) | | |
| 合计 | 合格 | 174 626 | 971(0.56) | 223.85 | < 0.01 |
| 不合格 | 411 904 | 3 885(0.94) | | |
), ArticleFig(id=1325521158073889249, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325521122757849512, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
贵州省2022—2024年中小学课桌椅符合情况与学生脊柱弯曲关联性分析
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 年份 | 课桌椅符合 | 检测人数 | 脊柱弯曲人数 | χ2值 | P值 |
|---|
| 2022 | 合格 | 79 985 | 379(0.47) | 2.99 | 0.09 |
| 不合格 | 116 621 | 618(0.53) | | |
| 2023 | 合格 | 52 810 | 388(0.73) | 99.99 | < 0.01 |
| 不合格 | 142 066 | 1 808(1.27) | | |
| 2024 | 合格 | 41 831 | 204(0.49) | 83.89 | < 0.01 |
| 不合格 | 153 217 | 1 459(0.95) | | |
| 合计 | 合格 | 174 626 | 971(0.56) | 223.85 | < 0.01 |
| 不合格 | 411 904 | 3 885(0.94) | | |
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