Article(id=1325520934081278596, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, issueId=1325520723858568134, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025175, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1733068800000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-02, revisedDate=1740672000000, revisedDateStr=2025-02-28, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793958417673, onlineDateStr=2026-11-06, pubDate=1750780800000, pubDateStr=2025-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793958417673, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793958417673, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793958417673, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1325520723858568134, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, year='2025', volume='46', issue='6', pageStart='761', pageEnd='912', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1750780800000', pubDateStr='2025-06-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793958367551, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793958367551, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=792, endPage=796, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1325520934920139397, articleId=1325520934081278596, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=EN, title=Iodine nutritional status of children aged 8-10 in Wuhan from 2019 to 2023, columnId=1259565862625862592, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of School Health, columnName=Student Nutrition, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the iodine nutrition status of children in Wuhan from 2019 to 2023, and to evaluate the effect of iodine deficiency disorders control in focus groups in Wuhan, so as to provide a basis for consolidating elimination of iodine deficiency disorders.

Methods

A total of 13 000 non-boarding primary school students aged 8-10 were selected from 13 districts of Wuhan by stratified random sampling method.Household salt samples were collected to measure salt iodine content, random urine samples were analyzed for urinary iodine concentration. And B-ultrasound was used to measure thyroid volume in students. The median of salt iodine, coverage rate of iodized salt, consumption rate of qualified iodized salt, median of urinary iodine, and the goiter rate were calculated. And Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis H test and Chi-square test were applied to compare between groups. Chi-square trend test was used to analyze the changing trends of coverage rate of iodized salt, consumption rate of qualified iodized salt and goiter rate among children in Wuhan.

Results

The median of iodine content of children's household salt was 23.8 (21.7, 26.1) mg/kg, and the coverage rate of iodized salt was 98.7%, and the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 94.5%. The consumption rates of qualified iodized salt showed an overall upward trend from 2019 to 2023 (χtrend2=5.57, P < 0.05). The median of urinary iodine of children was 220.1 (136.7, 326.0) μg/L, and boys had higher median of urinary iodine than girls (Z=6.60, P < 0.01). The median of urinary iodine of children in suburbs was higher than those in urban areas (Z=11.00, P < 0.01). A total of 4 600 children were examined for thyroid volume, and the range of goiter rates were 1.1% to 3.4%, with an average goiter rate of 2.5%, which showed an overall downward trend from 2019 to 2023 (χtrend2=5.11, P < 0.05).

Conclusions

The iodine nutrition is sufficient and iodine nutrition status is good among children in Wuhan. It should continue to carry out monitoring and evaluation of children's iodine nutrition, guide the public to supplement iodine scientifically, so as to maintain the appropriate level of iodine for children.

, authors=Shuai WANG, Fang CHEN, Yan YANG*, Huatang LUO, Cong LIU, Wenxiu XU, authorsList=Shuai WANG, Fang CHEN, Yan YANG, Huatang LUO, Cong LIU, Wenxiu XU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yan YANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Chinese Journal of School Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1325520937419944582, articleId=1325520934081278596, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=CN, title=武汉市2019—2023年8~10岁儿童碘营养状况, columnId=1259565866560119750, journalTitle=中国学校卫生, columnName=学生营养, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

了解2019—2023年武汉市儿童碘营养状况,评价武汉市重点人群碘缺乏病防治效果,为持续巩固消除碘缺乏病成果提供参考依据。

方法

2019—2023年,采用分层随机抽样方法从武汉市13个区抽取13 000名8~10岁非寄宿小学生,采集学生家庭食用盐检测盐碘,采集一次随机尿样检测学生尿碘,采用B超测量学生甲状腺容积。计算盐碘中位数、碘盐覆盖率、合格碘盐食用率、尿碘中位数、甲状腺肿大率(简称“甲肿率”)等指标,采用χ2检验、Mann-whitney U检验及Kruskal-Wallis H检验对组间进行比较,采用χ2趋势检验分析武汉市儿童碘盐覆盖率、合格碘盐食用率、甲肿率变化趋势。

结果

武汉市儿童食用碘盐中位数为23.8(21.7,26.1)mg/kg,碘盐覆盖率为98.7%,合格碘盐食用率为94.5%。2019—2023年合格碘盐食用率整体呈现上升趋势(χ趋势2=5.57,P<0.05)。儿童尿碘中位数为220.1(136.7,326.0)μg/L,其中男童尿碘水平高于女童;郊区儿童尿碘水平高于城区(Z值分别为6.60,11, 00,P值均<0.01)。对其中4 600名儿童进行甲状腺B超检查,2019—2023年儿童甲肿率范围为1.1%~3.4%,平均甲肿率为2.5%,呈现整体下降趋势(χ趋势2=5.11,P<0.05)。

结论

武汉市儿童碘营养充足,碘营养状况良好。应持续开展人群碘营养监测与评估工作,引导群众科学补碘,维持儿童碘适宜水平。

, authors=王帅, 陈芳, 杨燕*, 罗华堂, 刘聪, 徐文秀, authorsList=王帅, 陈芳, 杨燕, 罗华堂, 刘聪, 徐文秀, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=杨燕, authorNote=

王帅(1993-),男,湖北钟祥人,硕士,主管技师,主要从事寄生虫病与地方病防控工作

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杨燕,E-mail:
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The prevalence and influencing factors of thyroid nodules in children and adolescents in Jurong City, Jiangsu Province in 2021[J]. Chin J Endemiol, 2024, 43(5): 376-382. (in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325520964200575709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325520934081278596, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=19, rfOrder=35, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=简鸿帮, 李津蜀, 张莉莉, 等. 2022年四川省8~10岁儿童碘营养监测结果分析[J]. 预防医学情报杂志, 2024, 40(5): 470-473., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325520964276073182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325520934081278596, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=19, rfOrder=36, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JIAN H B, LI J S, ZHANG L L, et al. Analysis on iodine nutritional surveillance results of children aged 8-10 years in Sichuan Province 2022[J]. J Prev Med Inf, 2024, 40(5): 470-473. (in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325520964599034591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325520934081278596, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=20, rfOrder=37, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KALOUMENOU I, DUNTAS L H, ALEVIZAKI M, et al. Gender, age, puberty, and BMI related changes of TSH and thyroid hormones in schoolchildren living in a long-standing iodine replete area[J]. 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Chin J Prev Control Chronic Dis, 2008, 16(4): 331-333. (in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325520965169459940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325520934081278596, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=23, rfOrder=42, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU T, LI Y, TENG D, et al. The characteristics of iodine nutrition status in China after 20 years of universal salt iodization: an epidemiology study covering 31 provinces[J]. Thyroid, 2021, 31(12): 1858-1867., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1325520954973106873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325520934081278596, awardId=null, language=CN, fundingSource=武汉市卫生健康委科研基金项目(WG20Q02), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1325520938623709831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325520934081278596, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325520938653069960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325520934081278596, companyId=1325520938623709831, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Institute of Schistosomiasis and Endemic Disease Control, Wuhan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan (430021), Hubei Province, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325520938678235785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325520934081278596, companyId=1325520938623709831, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=武汉市疾病预防控制中心血吸虫病与地方病防制所,湖北 430021)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1325520950468424368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325520934081278596, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Iodized salt consumption of children in Wuhan from 2019 to 2023

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别选项份数碘盐覆盖数合格碘盐食用数
年份20192 6002 569(98.8)2 434(93.6)
20202 6002 555(98.3)2 429(93.4)
20212 6002 564(98.6)2 482(95.5)
20222 6002 577(99.1)2 488(95.7)
20232 6002 567(98.7)2 448(94.2)
年龄/岁≤82 3562 318(98.4)2 228(94.6)
95 4945 430(98.8)5 213(94.9)
≥105 1505 084(98.7)4 840(94.0)
性别男6 6146 530(98.7)6 261(94.7)
女6 3866 302(98.7)6 020(94.3)
地区市区7 0006 879(98.3)6 615(94.5)
郊区6 0005 953(99.2)5 666(94.4)
), ArticleFig(id=1325520950560699057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325520934081278596, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

武汉市2019—2023年儿童碘盐食用情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别选项份数碘盐覆盖数合格碘盐食用数
年份20192 6002 569(98.8)2 434(93.6)
20202 6002 555(98.3)2 429(93.4)
20212 6002 564(98.6)2 482(95.5)
20222 6002 577(99.1)2 488(95.7)
20232 6002 567(98.7)2 448(94.2)
年龄/岁≤82 3562 318(98.4)2 228(94.6)
95 4945 430(98.8)5 213(94.9)
≥105 1505 084(98.7)4 840(94.0)
性别男6 6146 530(98.7)6 261(94.7)
女6 3866 302(98.7)6 020(94.3)
地区市区7 0006 879(98.3)6 615(94.5)
郊区6 0005 953(99.2)5 666(94.4)
), ArticleFig(id=1325520951210816178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325520934081278596, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Salt iodine and urinary iodine test results of children in Wuhan from 2019 to 2023[M(P25, P75)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别选项份数盐碘/(mg·kg-1)尿碘/(μg·L-1)
年份20192 60023.5(21.1,26.0)244.4(147.5,359.2)
20202 60024.7(22.6,26.7)210.2(130.4,308.0)
20212 60024.1(21.8,26.5)231.9(140.3,349.3)
20222 60023.8(22.0,26.2)211.7(131.2,302.8)
20232 60023.0(21.5,24.9)209.3(136.1,307.8)
年龄/岁≤82 35624.3(22.1,26.4)222.2(137.8,327.2)
95 49423.8(21.8,26.1)216.8(134.0,322.6)
≥105 15023.6(21.5,25.9)222.0(138.9,330.4)
性别男6 61423.8(21.7,26.2)228.3(143.2,336.0)
女6 38623.7(21.7,26.0)210.2(129.1,315.7)
地区市区7 00023.2(21.1,25.4)207.1(124.5,309.8)
郊区6 00024.5(22.4,26.8)236.3(150.7,342.2)
), ArticleFig(id=1325520951760270003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325520934081278596, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

武汉市2019—2023年儿童盐碘及尿检测结果[M(P25,P75)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别选项份数盐碘/(mg·kg-1)尿碘/(μg·L-1)
年份20192 60023.5(21.1,26.0)244.4(147.5,359.2)
20202 60024.7(22.6,26.7)210.2(130.4,308.0)
20212 60024.1(21.8,26.5)231.9(140.3,349.3)
20222 60023.8(22.0,26.2)211.7(131.2,302.8)
20232 60023.0(21.5,24.9)209.3(136.1,307.8)
年龄/岁≤82 35624.3(22.1,26.4)222.2(137.8,327.2)
95 49423.8(21.8,26.1)216.8(134.0,322.6)
≥105 15023.6(21.5,25.9)222.0(138.9,330.4)
性别男6 61423.8(21.7,26.2)228.3(143.2,336.0)
女6 38623.7(21.7,26.0)210.2(129.1,315.7)
地区市区7 00023.2(21.1,25.4)207.1(124.5,309.8)
郊区6 00024.5(22.4,26.8)236.3(150.7,342.2)
), ArticleFig(id=1325520952120980148, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325520934081278596, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Urinary iodine test results of children in different districts of Wuhan from 2019 to 2023[M(P25, P75), μg/L]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
行政区2019年2020年2021年2022年2023年
蔡甸区306.0(221.6,406.4)229.5(168.0,316.1)255.4(170.8,342.2)286.8(211.7,395.2)247.8(181.9,296.5)
汉南区337.0(216.3,459.8)286.0(200.5,392.0)176.0(112.0,273.0)208.0(143.8,280.5)237.5(148.5,334.8)
汉阳区159.5(97.3,250.3)175.1(119.0,248.7)146.1(66.1,256.4)210.3(82.8,344.4)198.4(116.6,301.0)
洪山区281.4(201.1,434.4)154.5(103.7,226.5)301.3(226.7,428.5)269.2(229.8,345.0)196.2(121.4,279.8)
黄陂区221.1(105.4,295.2)228.0(158.7,309.7)243.6(147.7,399.8)183.2(117.2,254.2)232.6(170.2,322.4)
江岸区158.2(95.5,227.9)160.0(88.0,235.7)242.1(141.6,359.6)172.1(119.3,239.6)163.8(111.3,259.3)
江汉区277.0(174.0,395.4)180.7(99.0,257.3)215.4(141.3,300.5)208.7(134.0,289.3)202.5(120.1,301.2)
江夏区293.6(196.5,443.0)287.8(179.6,394.8)193.0(112.4,306.4)110.0(62.1,180.9)185.4(136.0,316.5)
硚口区239.8(151.3,332.7)132.0(69.8,222.8)192.5(130.0,329.0)166.5(97.0,259.7)173.0(94.7,291.8)
青山区252.0(161.5,394.4)272.5(198.9,460.4)302.7(196.9,414.6)240.0(136.4,403.3)192.3(123.6,274.2)
武昌区234.5(130.4,294.3)234.1(162.3,327.0)224.9(135.1,341.8)222.3(150.0,300.2)144.2(73.4,211.8)
东西湖区179.0(99.5,269.0)160.6(93.1,251.8)298.2(171.6,382.1)199.7(134.2,262.8)220.8(152.2,358.5)
新洲区275.8(182.4,407.7)254.0(174.5,365.1)216.5(161.6,318.3)249.1(173.9,322.2)351.5(259.5,450.8)
), ArticleFig(id=1325520952485884597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325520934081278596, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

武汉市不同行政区2019—2023年儿童尿碘检测结果[M(P25,P75),μg/L]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
行政区2019年2020年2021年2022年2023年
蔡甸区306.0(221.6,406.4)229.5(168.0,316.1)255.4(170.8,342.2)286.8(211.7,395.2)247.8(181.9,296.5)
汉南区337.0(216.3,459.8)286.0(200.5,392.0)176.0(112.0,273.0)208.0(143.8,280.5)237.5(148.5,334.8)
汉阳区159.5(97.3,250.3)175.1(119.0,248.7)146.1(66.1,256.4)210.3(82.8,344.4)198.4(116.6,301.0)
洪山区281.4(201.1,434.4)154.5(103.7,226.5)301.3(226.7,428.5)269.2(229.8,345.0)196.2(121.4,279.8)
黄陂区221.1(105.4,295.2)228.0(158.7,309.7)243.6(147.7,399.8)183.2(117.2,254.2)232.6(170.2,322.4)
江岸区158.2(95.5,227.9)160.0(88.0,235.7)242.1(141.6,359.6)172.1(119.3,239.6)163.8(111.3,259.3)
江汉区277.0(174.0,395.4)180.7(99.0,257.3)215.4(141.3,300.5)208.7(134.0,289.3)202.5(120.1,301.2)
江夏区293.6(196.5,443.0)287.8(179.6,394.8)193.0(112.4,306.4)110.0(62.1,180.9)185.4(136.0,316.5)
硚口区239.8(151.3,332.7)132.0(69.8,222.8)192.5(130.0,329.0)166.5(97.0,259.7)173.0(94.7,291.8)
青山区252.0(161.5,394.4)272.5(198.9,460.4)302.7(196.9,414.6)240.0(136.4,403.3)192.3(123.6,274.2)
武昌区234.5(130.4,294.3)234.1(162.3,327.0)224.9(135.1,341.8)222.3(150.0,300.2)144.2(73.4,211.8)
东西湖区179.0(99.5,269.0)160.6(93.1,251.8)298.2(171.6,382.1)199.7(134.2,262.8)220.8(152.2,358.5)
新洲区275.8(182.4,407.7)254.0(174.5,365.1)216.5(161.6,318.3)249.1(173.9,322.2)351.5(259.5,450.8)
), ArticleFig(id=1325520952641073846, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325520934081278596, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Comparison of thyroid volume examination rates of children in Wuhan from 2019 to 2023 of different groups

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别选项人数甲肿人数χ2值P值
年份20191 00030(3.0)12.680.01
20201 00034(3.4)
202160014(2.3)
20221 00011(1.1)
20231 00024(2.4)
性别男2 31550(2.2)1.710.19
女2 28563(2.8)
年龄/岁≤81 02728(2.7)0.620.74
91 97049(2.5)
≥101 60336(2.2)
地区城区2 80072(2.6)0.390.53
郊区1 80041(2.3)
), ArticleFig(id=1325520954645951160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325520934081278596, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

武汉市2019—2023年不同组别儿童甲肿率比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别选项人数甲肿人数χ2值P值
年份20191 00030(3.0)12.680.01
20201 00034(3.4)
202160014(2.3)
20221 00011(1.1)
20231 00024(2.4)
性别男2 31550(2.2)1.710.19
女2 28563(2.8)
年龄/岁≤81 02728(2.7)0.620.74
91 97049(2.5)
≥101 60336(2.2)
地区城区2 80072(2.6)0.390.53
郊区1 80041(2.3)
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武汉市2019—2023年8~10岁儿童碘营养状况
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王帅 , 陈芳 , 杨燕 * , 罗华堂 , 刘聪 , 徐文秀
中国学校卫生 | 学生营养 2025,46(6): 792-796
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中国学校卫生 |学生营养 2025 , 46 (6) : 792 -796
武汉市2019—2023年8~10岁儿童碘营养状况
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王帅, 陈芳, 杨燕* , 罗华堂, 刘聪, 徐文秀
作者信息
  • 武汉市疾病预防控制中心血吸虫病与地方病防制所,湖北 430021
通讯作者:
杨燕,E-mail:
作者简介:

王帅(1993-),男,湖北钟祥人,硕士,主管技师,主要从事寄生虫病与地方病防控工作

Iodine nutritional status of children aged 8-10 in Wuhan from 2019 to 2023
Shuai WANG, Fang CHEN, Yan YANG* , Huatang LUO, Cong LIU, Wenxiu XU
Affiliations
  • Institute of Schistosomiasis and Endemic Disease Control, Wuhan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan (430021), Hubei Province, China
出版时间: 2025-06-25 doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025175
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目的

了解2019—2023年武汉市儿童碘营养状况,评价武汉市重点人群碘缺乏病防治效果,为持续巩固消除碘缺乏病成果提供参考依据。

方法

2019—2023年,采用分层随机抽样方法从武汉市13个区抽取13 000名8~10岁非寄宿小学生,采集学生家庭食用盐检测盐碘,采集一次随机尿样检测学生尿碘,采用B超测量学生甲状腺容积。计算盐碘中位数、碘盐覆盖率、合格碘盐食用率、尿碘中位数、甲状腺肿大率(简称“甲肿率”)等指标,采用χ2检验、Mann-whitney U检验及Kruskal-Wallis H检验对组间进行比较,采用χ2趋势检验分析武汉市儿童碘盐覆盖率、合格碘盐食用率、甲肿率变化趋势。

结果

武汉市儿童食用碘盐中位数为23.8(21.7,26.1)mg/kg,碘盐覆盖率为98.7%,合格碘盐食用率为94.5%。2019—2023年合格碘盐食用率整体呈现上升趋势(χ趋势2=5.57,P<0.05)。儿童尿碘中位数为220.1(136.7,326.0)μg/L,其中男童尿碘水平高于女童;郊区儿童尿碘水平高于城区(Z值分别为6.60,11, 00,P值均<0.01)。对其中4 600名儿童进行甲状腺B超检查,2019—2023年儿童甲肿率范围为1.1%~3.4%,平均甲肿率为2.5%,呈现整体下降趋势(χ趋势2=5.11,P<0.05)。

结论

武汉市儿童碘营养充足,碘营养状况良好。应持续开展人群碘营养监测与评估工作,引导群众科学补碘,维持儿童碘适宜水平。

碘  /  营养状况  /  儿童  /  合格鉴定
Objective

To explore the iodine nutrition status of children in Wuhan from 2019 to 2023, and to evaluate the effect of iodine deficiency disorders control in focus groups in Wuhan, so as to provide a basis for consolidating elimination of iodine deficiency disorders.

Methods

A total of 13 000 non-boarding primary school students aged 8-10 were selected from 13 districts of Wuhan by stratified random sampling method.Household salt samples were collected to measure salt iodine content, random urine samples were analyzed for urinary iodine concentration. And B-ultrasound was used to measure thyroid volume in students. The median of salt iodine, coverage rate of iodized salt, consumption rate of qualified iodized salt, median of urinary iodine, and the goiter rate were calculated. And Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis H test and Chi-square test were applied to compare between groups. Chi-square trend test was used to analyze the changing trends of coverage rate of iodized salt, consumption rate of qualified iodized salt and goiter rate among children in Wuhan.

Results

The median of iodine content of children's household salt was 23.8 (21.7, 26.1) mg/kg, and the coverage rate of iodized salt was 98.7%, and the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 94.5%. The consumption rates of qualified iodized salt showed an overall upward trend from 2019 to 2023 (χtrend2=5.57, P < 0.05). The median of urinary iodine of children was 220.1 (136.7, 326.0) μg/L, and boys had higher median of urinary iodine than girls (Z=6.60, P < 0.01). The median of urinary iodine of children in suburbs was higher than those in urban areas (Z=11.00, P < 0.01). A total of 4 600 children were examined for thyroid volume, and the range of goiter rates were 1.1% to 3.4%, with an average goiter rate of 2.5%, which showed an overall downward trend from 2019 to 2023 (χtrend2=5.11, P < 0.05).

Conclusions

The iodine nutrition is sufficient and iodine nutrition status is good among children in Wuhan. It should continue to carry out monitoring and evaluation of children's iodine nutrition, guide the public to supplement iodine scientifically, so as to maintain the appropriate level of iodine for children.

Iodine  /  Nutritional status  /  Child  /  Eligibility detemination
王帅, 陈芳, 杨燕, 罗华堂, 刘聪, 徐文秀. 武汉市2019—2023年8~10岁儿童碘营养状况. 中国学校卫生, 2025 , 46 (6) : 792 -796 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025175
Shuai WANG, Fang CHEN, Yan YANG, Huatang LUO, Cong LIU, Wenxiu XU. Iodine nutritional status of children aged 8-10 in Wuhan from 2019 to 2023[J]. Chinese Journal of School Health, 2025 , 46 (6) : 792 -796 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025175
碘是人体必需的微量元素之一[1],其通过与酪氨酸合成甲状腺激素,在体内发挥生理功能[2]。儿童期是生长发育的关键时期,对碘的生理需求量大[3]。碘缺乏会造成儿童生长发育迟缓、智力发育低下及神经系统功能受损等严重后果,适宜的碘营养水平对儿童健康至关重要[4]。武汉市自然环境普遍缺碘,历史上曾是碘缺乏病区,1995年实施普遍食盐加碘政策,有效控制了碘缺乏病流行,于2010年全市达到了碘缺乏病消除标准[5],但武汉市自然环境缺碘的现状未发生改变[6]。另外,2016年盐业体制改革后,不同种类的食盐供应增加,居民购买未加碘食盐的途径更加便利[7]。加之目前地方性甲状腺肿和克汀病等碘缺乏病已较为罕见,群众碘营养知识水平和碘缺乏病防治意识逐渐下降[8]。本研究通过分析2019—2023年武汉市学龄儿童碘缺乏病调查数据,旨在评价武汉市儿童碘营养现状,为指导儿童科学补碘、消除碘缺乏病提供参考依据。
2019—2023年,采用分层随机抽样方法于每年5—6月,在武汉市每个行政区(共13个行政区)按东、南、西、北、中5个抽样片区采用抽签法各抽取1所小学,每所小学采用抽签法抽取8~10岁非寄宿学生40名,共调查儿童13 000名。其中男童6 614名,女童6 386名;8岁组2 356名,9岁组5 494名,10岁组5 150名;市区7 000名,郊区6 000名。本研究已获得学生及家长知情同意,经过武汉市疾病预防控制中心伦理委员会审查和批准(批号:WHCDCIRB-K2021007)。
在被调查学生所在学校,由区疾病预防控制中心工作人员采集学生一次随机尿样(不少于5 mL)和家庭食用盐样(不少于30 g),并使用B超检查甲状腺容积(全市每年随机抽取5个行政区开展儿童甲状腺检查,2021年为3个行政区)。
按照《制盐工业通用试验方法碘的测定》(GB/T 13025.7—2012)[9]进行食用盐中碘的测定。依据《食品安全国家标准食用盐碘含量》(GB 26878—2011)[10],食用盐碘含量<5 mg/kg为未加碘食盐;18~33 mg/kg为合格碘盐;5~<18或>33 mg/kg为不合格碘盐。碘盐覆盖率=碘盐份数/盐样份数×100%;合格碘盐食用率=合格碘盐份数/盐样份数×100%。
按照《尿中碘的测定第1部分:砷铈催化分光光度法》(WS/T 107.1—2016)[11]进行尿中总碘浓度的测定。依据世界卫生组织人群碘营养评价标准[12],儿童碘营养状况:尿碘中位数<100 μg/L为碘缺乏(尿碘中位数<20 μg/L为严重碘缺乏;20~<50 μg/L为中度碘缺乏;50~<100 μg/L为轻度碘缺乏),100~<200 μg/L为碘适宜,200~<300 μg/L为大于适宜量,≥300 μg/L为碘过量。
按照《地方性甲状腺肿诊断标准》(WS 276—2007)[13],采用B超法测量儿童甲状腺容积,判定是否为甲状腺肿。
对参与调查的工作人员进行统一培训、考核;样品采集、运输和检测等过程严格按照统一标准和方案组织实施;每年武汉市疾病预防控制中心对各区的检测盐样、尿样随机抽取5%进行复核;调查数据分别由专人进行录入、审核。
采用Excel 2019软件录入数据,建立数据库,使用SPSS 27.0软件进行统计分析。计量资料的正态分布检验采用单样本K-S检验,不符合正态分布的资料采用M(P25,P75)描述,两样本或多样本的组间比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验或Kruskal-Wallis H检验;计数资料用频数或百分率描述,率的比较采用χ2检验;多样本组间两两比较采用Bonferroni法。采用χ2趋势检验分析碘盐覆盖率、合格碘盐食用率、甲状腺肿大率(简称“甲肿率”)变化趋势。检验水准α=0.05。
2019—2023年武汉市共检测盐样13 000份,盐碘中位数为23.8(21.7,26.1)mg/kg。其中碘盐12 832份,覆盖率为98.7%;合格碘盐12 281份,合格率为94.5%。不同年份儿童盐碘中位数差异有统计学意义(H=293.21,P<0.01)。不同年份合格碘盐食用率差异有统计学意义(χ2=21.91,P<0.01);合格碘盐食用率整体呈上升趋势(χ趋势2=5.57,P=0.02)。不同年份碘盐覆盖率差异无统计学意义(χ2=7.70,P=0.10);碘盐覆盖率随年份变化趋势无统计学意义(χ趋势2=1.00,P=0.32)。见表1~2。
男女童盐碘中位数、碘盐覆盖率、合格碘盐食用率差异均无统计学意义(Z/χ2值分别为1.33,0.05,0.97,P值均>0.05);不同年龄儿童盐碘中位数差异有统计学意义(H=44.54,P<0.01),碘盐覆盖率、合格碘盐食用率差异均无统计学意义(χ2值分别为2.60,4.22,P值均>0.05);郊区儿童盐碘中位数和碘盐覆盖率均高于城区儿童,差异有统计学意义(Z/χ2值分别为21.70,22.63,P值均<0.01),合格碘盐食用率差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.87,P>0.05)。见表1~2。
2019—2023年武汉市共检测儿童尿样13 000份,尿碘为220.1(136.7,326.0)μg/L,各年份尿碘中位数分别为244.4,210.2,231.9,211.7,209.3 μg/L,武汉市儿童碘营养状况为碘大于适宜量(200~300 μg/L)。不同年份儿童尿碘水平差异有统计学意义(H=95.92,P<0.01);两两比较发现,2019年儿童尿碘水平均高于其他年份(P值均<0.01)。性别间比较,男童尿碘水平高于女童,差异有统计学意义(Z=6.60,P<0.01);不同年龄的儿童尿碘水平差异无统计学意义(H=-1.33,P=0.18);郊区儿童尿碘水平高于城区,差异有统计学意义(Z=11.00,P<0.01)。见表2。
武汉市2019—2023年各年度13个行政区的儿童尿碘中位数范围分别为158.2~337.0,132.0~287.8,146.1~302.7,110.0~286.8,144.2~351.5 μg/L。2019—2023年儿童碘营养状况达到推荐的碘适宜水平(100~<200 μg/L)的行政区数分别为3,6,4,5,7个。见表3。
2019—2023年武汉市共进行儿童甲状腺B超检查4 600名,检出甲状腺肿大113例,甲肿率范围为1.1%~3.4%,平均甲肿率为2.5%。各年份儿童甲肿率均小于5%,达到碘缺乏病消除标准。不同年份儿童甲肿率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);2019—2023年儿童甲肿率呈现整体下降趋势(χ趋势2= 5.11,P=0.02)。不同性别、年龄、地区儿童甲肿率差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。见表4。
武汉市绝大部分地区外环境缺碘,2014年一项调查显示全市水碘中位数为7.2 μg/L[14],现阶段食盐加碘仍是预防碘缺乏病最安全、有效的方式。2019—2023年武汉市儿童碘盐覆盖率为98.7%,合格碘盐食用率为94.5%。各年份碘盐覆盖率均大于95.0%,各年份合格碘盐食用率均大于90.0%,达到碘缺乏病消除标准。2019—2023年武汉市合格碘盐食用率呈整体上升趋势。2016年盐业体制改革后各级盐业部门加强食盐质量监管,有效保障合格碘盐供应,碘盐质量趋于稳定[7, 15]。本研究发现,城区儿童碘盐覆盖率和盐碘中位数均低于郊区,可能与当前食盐加碘引起甲状腺结节等甲状腺疾病的不正确舆论影响有关[16]。
2019—2023年武汉市8~10岁儿童尿碘中位数由244.4 μg/L下降至209.3 μg/L,低于湖北省8~10岁儿童(251.1 μg/L)[7],略高于世界卫生组织推荐适宜量[12]。本研究发现,男童尿碘中位数高于女童,与苟钊等[17-19]研究结果一致,有学者认为尿碘水平的性别差异可能与男女童性激素水平影响有关[20]。郊区儿童尿碘水平高于城区,与天津市结果相一致[21],可能与农村居民食盐摄入量高于城市居民[22],以及郊区儿童盐碘含量高于城区等因素有关。2023年调查结果显示蔡甸区、汉南区、黄陂区、江汉区、东西湖区儿童碘营养状况为大于适宜量,新洲区儿童碘营养状况为碘过量,提示上述地区应重点关注儿童碘摄入过量,避免碘超适宜向碘过量转变的趋势。
2019—2023年武汉市儿童甲肿率为1.1%~3.4%,平均甲肿率为2.5%,低于全国儿童甲肿率(3.5%)[23]。各年份儿童甲肿率均小于5%,达到碘缺乏病消除标准。趋势性分析结果显示,2019—2023年武汉市儿童甲肿率呈现整体下降趋势。表明目前普遍食盐加碘政策对改善武汉市儿童碘营养状况具有良好效果。
综上所述,武汉市8~10儿童碘营养充足,儿童甲肿率呈现整体下降趋势,碘盐覆盖率和合格碘盐食用率较高,符合碘缺乏病消除标准。但部分地区儿童碘营养状况高于世界卫生组织推荐的适宜水平。因此在预防儿童碘摄入不足的同时,也应高度关注儿童碘摄入过量情况。应持续开展儿童碘盐和碘营养监测,加大居民碘营养健康宣教力度,引导群众科学、合理补碘,维持儿童碘营养适宜水平,巩固碘缺乏病消除成果。
  • 武汉市卫生健康委科研基金项目(WG20Q02)
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2025年第46卷第6期
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doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025175
  • 接收时间:2024-12-02
  • 首发时间:2026-11-06
  • 出版时间:2025-06-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-02
  • 修回日期:2025-02-28
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武汉市卫生健康委科研基金项目(WG20Q02)
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    武汉市疾病预防控制中心血吸虫病与地方病防制所,湖北 430021

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
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属数
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genus
种数
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species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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