Article(id=1325520877399442077, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, issueId=1325520723858568134, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025113, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1736784000000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-14, revisedDate=1739980800000, revisedDateStr=2025-02-20, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793958404159, onlineDateStr=2026-11-06, pubDate=1750780800000, pubDateStr=2025-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793958404159, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793958404159, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793958404159, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1325520723858568134, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, year='2025', volume='46', issue='6', pageStart='761', pageEnd='912', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1750780800000', pubDateStr='2025-06-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793958367551, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793958367551, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=811, endPage=815, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1325520883187581599, articleId=1325520877399442077, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=EN, title=Relationship between the use of disposable plastic food containers and executive function among primary school students in a district of Chongqing, columnId=1259565859148804482, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of School Health, columnName=Health Education and Promotion, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the impact of disposable plastic food container usage on the executive function among primary school students, so as to provide the evidence for the formulation of relevant health policies.

Methods

From November 2023 to May 2024, a convenience sampling method was employed to select 1 118 grade 1-3 students from three primary schools in a central district of Chongqing. A self-developed questionnaire was used to collect demographic characteristics and data on disposable plastic food container usage. Executive function of primary school students was assessed using the Childhood Executive Functioning Inventory (CHEXI). Multivariate linear regression analysis was conducted to explore the associations between disposable plastic food container usage and heating with executive function among primary school students.

Results

Median scores for working memory, inhibition and total executive function among primary school students were 32 (26, 39), 33 (28, 38), and 66 (54, 75), respectively. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that among girls, higher frequencies of eating meals from plastic lunchboxes were associated with higher CHEXI working memory scores (β=1.29), inhibition scores (β=1.57), and total executive function scores (β=2.85) (P < 0.05). Compared to girls who did not use plastic cups or drank bottled water, those who used plastic cups for drinking or drank bottled water had higher scores in working memory (β=2.63), inhibition (β=2.10), and total executive function (β=4.73); compared to girls who did not eat canned food from metal cans, those who ate such food had higher scores in working memory (β=3.62), inhibition (β=1.89), and total executive function (β=5.50) (P < 0.05).Among boys, higher frequencies of eating meals from plastic lunchboxes were associated with higher inhibition scores (β=1.13) (P < 0.05). Compared to girls who ate with a plastic lunch box and did not heat it when they ate, girls who more frequent heating plastic lunchboxes with food inside had higher working memory scores (β=5.39), inhibition scores (β=4.29), and total executive function scores (β=9.68) (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

The use of disposable plastic food containers may adversely affect executive function of primary school students, with a more pronounced effect observed in girls. Strengthened regulation of disposable plastic products and health education are urgently needed.

, authors=Wenhe WANG, Dan WU, Shudan LIU, Siyan YE, Chengpeng CUI, Qin LIU*, authorsList=Wenhe WANG, Dan WU, Shudan LIU, Siyan YE, Chengpeng CUI, Qin LIU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Qin LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Chinese Journal of School Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1325520886215869088, articleId=1325520877399442077, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=CN, title=重庆市某区小学生一次性塑料食品容器使用与执行功能的关联, columnId=1259565859903779205, journalTitle=中国学校卫生, columnName=健康教育与健康促进, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探讨一次性塑料食品容器使用对小学生执行功能的影响,为制定相关健康政策提供依据。

方法

2023年11月至2024年5月,采用方便抽样方法从重庆市某主城区3所小学抽取1 118名一至三年级小学生进行调查。通过自编问卷收集一般人口学特征及一次性塑料食品容器使用情况,采用儿童执行功能量表(CHEXI)评估小学生执行功能,并通过多因素线性回归分析小学生一次性塑料食品容器接触及加热情况与执行功能的关联。

结果

小学生工作记忆、抑制力及执行功能总分分别为32(26,39),33(28,38),66(54,75)分。多因素线性回归分析显示,使用塑料饭盒吃饭频率越高的女生CHEXI工作记忆得分(β=1.29)、抑制力得分(β=1.57)、执行功能总分(β=2.85)越高;与未使用塑料杯或饮用桶装水的女生相比,使用塑料杯喝水或饮用桶装水的女生工作记忆得分(β=2.63)、抑制力得分(β=2.10)、执行功能总分(β=4.73)更高;与未吃金属易拉罐食品的女生相比,吃金属易拉罐食品的女生工作记忆得分(β=3.62)、抑制力得分(β=1.89)、执行功能总分(β=5.50)更高;使用塑料饭盒吃饭频率越高的男生抑制力得分(β=1.13)越高(P值均<0.05);与使用塑料饭盒吃饭时且带饭盒时未加热的女生相比,加热的女生工作记忆得分(β=5.39)、抑制力得分(β=4.29)、执行功能总分(β=9.68)更高(P值均<0.05)。

结论

一次性塑料食品容器的使用可能影响小学生执行功能,在女生中更为明显。应加强对一次性塑料制品使用的监管,提高公众健康意识。

, authors=王文诃, 吴丹, 刘舒丹, 叶思言, 崔铖朋, 刘琴*, authorsList=王文诃, 吴丹, 刘舒丹, 叶思言, 崔铖朋, 刘琴, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=刘琴, authorNote=

王文诃(1998-),男,新疆维吾尔自治区人,在读硕士,主要研究方向为环境因素与儿童健康

, correspAuthorsNote=
刘琴,E-mail:
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王文诃(1998-),男,新疆维吾尔自治区人,在读硕士,主要研究方向为环境因素与儿童健康

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Environ Int, 2024, 189: 108791., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325520947016499962, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325520877399442077, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=32, rfOrder=33, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘忠瑞, 孙立文, 李洋洋, 等. 塑料食品包装材料中双酚A的迁移量检测[J]. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2018, 9(10): 2350-2355., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325520947385598715, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325520877399442077, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=32, rfOrder=34, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU Z R, SUN L W, LI Y Y, et al. Determination of migration quantity of bisphenol A from plastic packaging materials of food[J]. J Food Saf Qual, 2018, 9(10): 2350-2355. (in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325520947494650620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325520877399442077, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=33, rfOrder=35, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HONG S, WU S, WAN Z, et al. Associations between multiple metals exposure and cognitive function in the middle-aged and older adults from China: a cross-sectional study[J]. Environ Res, 2024, 263: 120038., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325520947817612031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325520877399442077, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=34, rfOrder=36, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CARVALHO C F, SANTOS-LIMA C, SOUZA-MARQUES B, et al. Executive functions in school-aged children exposed to airborne manganese: a multilevel analysis[J]. Environ Res, 2022, 210: 112940., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325520948316734208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325520877399442077, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=35, rfOrder=37, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SOETRISNO F N, DELGADO-SABORIT J M. Chronic exposure to heavy metals from informal E-waste recycling plants and children's attention, executive function and academic performance[J]. Sci Total Environ, 2020, 717: 137099., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1325520922689536726, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325520877399442077, awardId=null, language=CN, fundingSource=重庆市博士后科学基金项目(CSTB2023NSCQ-BHX0061);重庆市自然科学基金面上项目(CSTB2023NSCQ-MSX0133);重庆医科大学未来医学青年创新团队发展支持计划项目(W0054), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1325520889915245218, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325520877399442077, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325520890364035747, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325520877399442077, companyId=1325520889915245218, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Research Center for Environment and Population Health, College of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing (400016), China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325520890376618660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325520877399442077, companyId=1325520889915245218, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=重庆医科大学公共卫生学院环境与人群健康研究中心,重庆 400016)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1325520917161444048, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325520877399442077, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Comparison of CHEXI scores among primary school students with different groups

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别选项人数工作记忆抑制力总分
M(P25, P75)H/Z值M(P25, P75)H/Z值M(P25, P75)H/Z值
父亲文化程度初中及以下18735(27, 41)23.89**35(30, 40)9.47**70(59, 79)19.14**
高中或中专28733(27, 39)33(29, 38)67(55, 75)
大专及以上64431(25, 38)33(27, 38)65(52, 74)
母亲文化程度初中及以下16535(29, 39)23.03**34(29, 40)5.7070(57, 79)16.52**
高中或中专29733(26, 39)33(29, 39)68(55, 76)
大专及以上65631(25, 37)33(28, 37)64(53, 74)
家庭人均月收入<4 00018235(28, 39)22.94**34(30, 40)14.84**70(59, 78)21.93**
水平/元a4 000~6 00019533(27, 39)33(29, 39)66(57, 77)
>6 000~8 00019433(26, 39)35(30, 39)68(56, 77)
>8 000~10 00019231(25, 37)32(28, 37)65(54, 73)
>10 00028430(24, 38)33(27, 37)64(52, 73)
学校学校120632(26, 39)1.6333(28, 37)0.9766(53, 74)1.85
学校265232(26, 39)33(28, 38)66(55, 75)
学校326033(27, 39)34(29, 39)68(55, 77)
性别男55833(26, 39)-3.67**34(29, 39)-3.91**68(56, 77)-4.10**
女56031(25, 37)33(27, 37)64(52, 74)
), ArticleFig(id=1325520918478455505, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325520877399442077, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同组别小学生执行功能量表得分比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别选项人数工作记忆抑制力总分
M(P25, P75)H/Z值M(P25, P75)H/Z值M(P25, P75)H/Z值
父亲文化程度初中及以下18735(27, 41)23.89**35(30, 40)9.47**70(59, 79)19.14**
高中或中专28733(27, 39)33(29, 38)67(55, 75)
大专及以上64431(25, 38)33(27, 38)65(52, 74)
母亲文化程度初中及以下16535(29, 39)23.03**34(29, 40)5.7070(57, 79)16.52**
高中或中专29733(26, 39)33(29, 39)68(55, 76)
大专及以上65631(25, 37)33(28, 37)64(53, 74)
家庭人均月收入<4 00018235(28, 39)22.94**34(30, 40)14.84**70(59, 78)21.93**
水平/元a4 000~6 00019533(27, 39)33(29, 39)66(57, 77)
>6 000~8 00019433(26, 39)35(30, 39)68(56, 77)
>8 000~10 00019231(25, 37)32(28, 37)65(54, 73)
>10 00028430(24, 38)33(27, 37)64(52, 73)
学校学校120632(26, 39)1.6333(28, 37)0.9766(53, 74)1.85
学校265232(26, 39)33(28, 38)66(55, 75)
学校326033(27, 39)34(29, 39)68(55, 77)
性别男55833(26, 39)-3.67**34(29, 39)-3.91**68(56, 77)-4.10**
女56031(25, 37)33(27, 37)64(52, 74)
), ArticleFig(id=1325520918872720082, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325520877399442077, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Linear regression analysis of disposable plastic food container usage and CHEXI scores among primary school students [β(95%CI)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因变量自变量男生(n=558)女生(n=560)
单因素多因素单因素多因素
工作记忆使用塑料饭盒吃饭频率0.78(-0.32~1.87)—1.26(0.24~2.29)*1.29(0.15~2.43)*
是否使用塑料杯喝水或饮用桶装水1.46(-0.16~3.07)—2.47(0.95~3.99)**2.63(1.13~4.13)**
是否吃金属易拉罐食品-0.93(-2.60~0.74)—3.57(1.95~5.19)**3.62(2.02~5.21)**
抑制力使用塑料饭盒吃饭频率1.03(0.13~1.93)*1.13(0.14~2.12)*1.34(0.50~2.17)**1.57(0.63~2.50)**
是否使用塑料杯喝水或饮用桶装水1.01(-0.32~2.35)—1.98(0.78~3.22)**2.10(0.85~3.35)**
是否吃金属易拉罐食品-0.43(-1.81~0.94)—1.94(0.61~3.28)**1.89(0.55~3.23)**
CHEXI总分使用塑料饭盒吃饭频率1.80(-0.07~3.68)—2.60(0.84~4.36)**2.85(0.89~4.82)**
是否使用塑料杯喝水或饮用桶装水2.47(-0.31~5.25)—4.44(1.84~7.05)**4.73(2.13~7.33)**
是否吃金属易拉罐食品-1.37(-4.23~1.50)—5.51(2.71~8.30)**5.50(2.73~8.27)**
), ArticleFig(id=1325520919308927699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325520877399442077, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

小学生一次性塑料食品容器接触与执行功能得分的线性回归分析[β值(95%CI)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因变量自变量男生(n=558)女生(n=560)
单因素多因素单因素多因素
工作记忆使用塑料饭盒吃饭频率0.78(-0.32~1.87)—1.26(0.24~2.29)*1.29(0.15~2.43)*
是否使用塑料杯喝水或饮用桶装水1.46(-0.16~3.07)—2.47(0.95~3.99)**2.63(1.13~4.13)**
是否吃金属易拉罐食品-0.93(-2.60~0.74)—3.57(1.95~5.19)**3.62(2.02~5.21)**
抑制力使用塑料饭盒吃饭频率1.03(0.13~1.93)*1.13(0.14~2.12)*1.34(0.50~2.17)**1.57(0.63~2.50)**
是否使用塑料杯喝水或饮用桶装水1.01(-0.32~2.35)—1.98(0.78~3.22)**2.10(0.85~3.35)**
是否吃金属易拉罐食品-0.43(-1.81~0.94)—1.94(0.61~3.28)**1.89(0.55~3.23)**
CHEXI总分使用塑料饭盒吃饭频率1.80(-0.07~3.68)—2.60(0.84~4.36)**2.85(0.89~4.82)**
是否使用塑料杯喝水或饮用桶装水2.47(-0.31~5.25)—4.44(1.84~7.05)**4.73(2.13~7.33)**
是否吃金属易拉罐食品-1.37(-4.23~1.50)—5.51(2.71~8.30)**5.50(2.73~8.27)**
), ArticleFig(id=1325520919774495444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325520877399442077, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Linear regression analysis of the behaviors of heating disposable plastic food containers and CHEXI scores among primary school students[β(95%CI)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因变量自变量男生(n=558)女生(n=560)
人数单因素多因素人数单因素多因素
工作记忆是否使用塑料饭盒吃饭时带饭盒加热2401.26(-1.32~3.83)—2195.61(3.04~8.18)**5.39(2.69~8.10)**
是否使用塑料杯喝温/热水或饮用桶装温/热水3121.21(-1.11~3.52)—3112.33(0.12~4.54)*1.90(-0.28~4.09)
是否吃金属易拉罐食品时带罐加热2050.80(-2.16~3.76)—1742.87(-0.27~6.01)—
抑制力是否使用塑料饭盒吃饭时带饭盒加热2400.98(-1.15~3.11)—2194.53(2.45~6.61)**4.29(2.07~6.50)**
是否使用塑料杯喝温/热水或饮用桶装温/热水3120.00(-1.89~1.89)—3110.63(-1.14~2.40)—
是否吃金属易拉罐食品时带罐加热205-0.55(-2.97~1.86)—174-0.35(-2.74~2.03)—
CHEXI总分是否使用塑料饭盒吃饭时带饭盒加热2402.24(-2.18~6.65)—21910.13(5.77~14.50)**9.68(5.04~14.31)**
是否使用塑料杯喝温/热水或饮用桶装温/热水3121.20(-2.76~5.17)—3112.96(-0.83~6.75)—
是否吃金属易拉罐食品时带罐加热2050.25(-4.86~5.35)—1142.52(-2.72~7.77)—
), ArticleFig(id=1325520920550441685, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325520877399442077, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

小学生一次性塑料食品容器的加热行为与CHEXI得分的线性回归分析[β值(95%CI)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因变量自变量男生(n=558)女生(n=560)
人数单因素多因素人数单因素多因素
工作记忆是否使用塑料饭盒吃饭时带饭盒加热2401.26(-1.32~3.83)—2195.61(3.04~8.18)**5.39(2.69~8.10)**
是否使用塑料杯喝温/热水或饮用桶装温/热水3121.21(-1.11~3.52)—3112.33(0.12~4.54)*1.90(-0.28~4.09)
是否吃金属易拉罐食品时带罐加热2050.80(-2.16~3.76)—1742.87(-0.27~6.01)—
抑制力是否使用塑料饭盒吃饭时带饭盒加热2400.98(-1.15~3.11)—2194.53(2.45~6.61)**4.29(2.07~6.50)**
是否使用塑料杯喝温/热水或饮用桶装温/热水3120.00(-1.89~1.89)—3110.63(-1.14~2.40)—
是否吃金属易拉罐食品时带罐加热205-0.55(-2.97~1.86)—174-0.35(-2.74~2.03)—
CHEXI总分是否使用塑料饭盒吃饭时带饭盒加热2402.24(-2.18~6.65)—21910.13(5.77~14.50)**9.68(5.04~14.31)**
是否使用塑料杯喝温/热水或饮用桶装温/热水3121.20(-2.76~5.17)—3112.96(-0.83~6.75)—
是否吃金属易拉罐食品时带罐加热2050.25(-4.86~5.35)—1142.52(-2.72~7.77)—
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重庆市某区小学生一次性塑料食品容器使用与执行功能的关联
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王文诃 , 吴丹 , 刘舒丹 , 叶思言 , 崔铖朋 , 刘琴 *
中国学校卫生 | 健康教育与健康促进 2025,46(6): 811-815
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中国学校卫生 |健康教育与健康促进 2025 , 46 (6) : 811 -815
重庆市某区小学生一次性塑料食品容器使用与执行功能的关联
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王文诃, 吴丹, 刘舒丹, 叶思言, 崔铖朋, 刘琴*
作者信息
  • 重庆医科大学公共卫生学院环境与人群健康研究中心,重庆 400016
通讯作者:
刘琴,E-mail:
作者简介:

王文诃(1998-),男,新疆维吾尔自治区人,在读硕士,主要研究方向为环境因素与儿童健康

Relationship between the use of disposable plastic food containers and executive function among primary school students in a district of Chongqing
Wenhe WANG, Dan WU, Shudan LIU, Siyan YE, Chengpeng CUI, Qin LIU*
Affiliations
  • Research Center for Environment and Population Health, College of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing (400016), China
出版时间: 2025-06-25 doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025113
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目的

探讨一次性塑料食品容器使用对小学生执行功能的影响,为制定相关健康政策提供依据。

方法

2023年11月至2024年5月,采用方便抽样方法从重庆市某主城区3所小学抽取1 118名一至三年级小学生进行调查。通过自编问卷收集一般人口学特征及一次性塑料食品容器使用情况,采用儿童执行功能量表(CHEXI)评估小学生执行功能,并通过多因素线性回归分析小学生一次性塑料食品容器接触及加热情况与执行功能的关联。

结果

小学生工作记忆、抑制力及执行功能总分分别为32(26,39),33(28,38),66(54,75)分。多因素线性回归分析显示,使用塑料饭盒吃饭频率越高的女生CHEXI工作记忆得分(β=1.29)、抑制力得分(β=1.57)、执行功能总分(β=2.85)越高;与未使用塑料杯或饮用桶装水的女生相比,使用塑料杯喝水或饮用桶装水的女生工作记忆得分(β=2.63)、抑制力得分(β=2.10)、执行功能总分(β=4.73)更高;与未吃金属易拉罐食品的女生相比,吃金属易拉罐食品的女生工作记忆得分(β=3.62)、抑制力得分(β=1.89)、执行功能总分(β=5.50)更高;使用塑料饭盒吃饭频率越高的男生抑制力得分(β=1.13)越高(P值均<0.05);与使用塑料饭盒吃饭时且带饭盒时未加热的女生相比,加热的女生工作记忆得分(β=5.39)、抑制力得分(β=4.29)、执行功能总分(β=9.68)更高(P值均<0.05)。

结论

一次性塑料食品容器的使用可能影响小学生执行功能,在女生中更为明显。应加强对一次性塑料制品使用的监管,提高公众健康意识。

塑料  /  食品  /  执行功能  /  回归分析  /  学生
Objective

To investigate the impact of disposable plastic food container usage on the executive function among primary school students, so as to provide the evidence for the formulation of relevant health policies.

Methods

From November 2023 to May 2024, a convenience sampling method was employed to select 1 118 grade 1-3 students from three primary schools in a central district of Chongqing. A self-developed questionnaire was used to collect demographic characteristics and data on disposable plastic food container usage. Executive function of primary school students was assessed using the Childhood Executive Functioning Inventory (CHEXI). Multivariate linear regression analysis was conducted to explore the associations between disposable plastic food container usage and heating with executive function among primary school students.

Results

Median scores for working memory, inhibition and total executive function among primary school students were 32 (26, 39), 33 (28, 38), and 66 (54, 75), respectively. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that among girls, higher frequencies of eating meals from plastic lunchboxes were associated with higher CHEXI working memory scores (β=1.29), inhibition scores (β=1.57), and total executive function scores (β=2.85) (P < 0.05). Compared to girls who did not use plastic cups or drank bottled water, those who used plastic cups for drinking or drank bottled water had higher scores in working memory (β=2.63), inhibition (β=2.10), and total executive function (β=4.73); compared to girls who did not eat canned food from metal cans, those who ate such food had higher scores in working memory (β=3.62), inhibition (β=1.89), and total executive function (β=5.50) (P < 0.05).Among boys, higher frequencies of eating meals from plastic lunchboxes were associated with higher inhibition scores (β=1.13) (P < 0.05). Compared to girls who ate with a plastic lunch box and did not heat it when they ate, girls who more frequent heating plastic lunchboxes with food inside had higher working memory scores (β=5.39), inhibition scores (β=4.29), and total executive function scores (β=9.68) (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

The use of disposable plastic food containers may adversely affect executive function of primary school students, with a more pronounced effect observed in girls. Strengthened regulation of disposable plastic products and health education are urgently needed.

Plastics  /  Food  /  Executive function  /  Regression analysis  /  Students
王文诃, 吴丹, 刘舒丹, 叶思言, 崔铖朋, 刘琴. 重庆市某区小学生一次性塑料食品容器使用与执行功能的关联. 中国学校卫生, 2025 , 46 (6) : 811 -815 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025113
Wenhe WANG, Dan WU, Shudan LIU, Siyan YE, Chengpeng CUI, Qin LIU. Relationship between the use of disposable plastic food containers and executive function among primary school students in a district of Chongqing[J]. Chinese Journal of School Health, 2025 , 46 (6) : 811 -815 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025113
执行功能是一系列基于大脑的功能,包含工作记忆、抑制力、控制力、认知灵活性、规划能力和解决问题等能力,是高级认知功能的重要组成部分[1-4],执行功能较好的儿童可以更好地执行计划和保持专注。研究表明,影响执行功能的因素主要分为生物因素、家庭社会环境和生活方式3个方面[5]。内分泌干扰物(endocrine disrupting chemicals, EDCs)是影响神经功能的一类重要物质,包括双酚类物质(bisphenols, BPs)、邻苯二甲酸盐、阻燃剂、全氟和多氟烷基化合物(polyfluoroalkyl substances, PFAS)等在内的多种EDCs均会对儿童的神经功能造成影响[6-7]。现实生活中EDCs往往是以混合物的形式暴露,可能产生有别于单一暴露的毒性[8],且暴露情况会受到个人生活习惯的影响。一次性塑料食品容器中存在多种EDCs,同时也是重要的日常暴露来源,加热又可能加速EDCs释放,从而对儿童的神经发育、执行功能等方面造成不良影响[9]。本文旨在通过分析与食品或饮品直接接触的多种重要的一次性塑料制品的接触及加热情况与小学一至三年级学生执行功能之间的关联,为改进学校餐饮管理和饮食健康教育提供科学依据。
采用方便抽样方法,于2023年11月至2024年5月选取重庆市某主城区内3所小学一至三年级学生。剔除无效问卷后,共调查学生1 118名,其中男生558名,女生560名;平均年龄(7.80±0.84)岁。本研究通过重庆医科大学医学研究伦理委员会的伦理审查(批号:2023003),所有受试者及其父母在参与研究前均已提交知情同意书。
采用自编问卷了解小学生一般情况及一次性塑料容器使用和加热情况。主要包括小学生出生日期、父母文化程度、家庭收入水平、出生孕周、出生时母亲年龄等一般人口学信息,以及近一个月小学生使用一次性塑料饭盒吃饭频率及加热情况、是否使用塑料包装饮用水及使用时温度、吃金属易拉罐食品频率及加热情况等。
采用儿童执行功能量表(Childhood Executive Functioning Inventory, CHEXI)向母亲调查小学生的执行功能,该问卷由Thorell等[10]编制,用于评估4~12岁儿童的执行功能,此量表包含24个条目,各条目采用5分制(1代表“完全不正确”至5代表“完全正确”),包含工作记忆(含工作记忆副量表和计划力副量表,共13个条目)和抑制力(含调节力副量表和抑制力副量表,共11个条目)2个维度;总分范围为24~120分,2个维度得分范围分别为13~65和11~55分,分数越高代表对应能力越差。本研究中量表Cronbach α系数为0.94。
问卷调查由医学专业研究生负责实施,调查前对调查人员进行统一培训,确保其能熟练掌握调查目的、电子问卷的填写方法和注意事项。在电子问卷的设计过程中对重点概念进行高亮标记,对可能存在歧义的问题加备注说明,以避免被试对题目的理解偏差;对被试的回答设定合理取值,其中连续变量的回答规定符合逻辑的范围,对分类变量以单选形式作答,避免无效回答。问卷由调查人员核实身份后发给学生,并由学生回家后将问卷二维码交给学生父母进行线上填写。问卷作答结束后,对存在明显逻辑错误回答或随意作答的问卷,择机再次向被试发放问卷作答。由质控员在后期对电子问卷数据进行审核,以确保最终数据的准确性和完整性。
采用SPSS 26.0软件进行数据清洗、整理和统计分析。计数资料采用频数或百分率描述;计量资料由于分析涉及的变量不符合正态分布,故采用中位数M(P25, P75)描述,通过Kruskal-Wallis、Mann-Whitney U检验对不同人口学特征组小学生执行功能得分进行比较。以小学生执行功能得分作为因变量,以近一个月小学生使用塑料饭盒吃饭频率(从不=1,<1次/周=2,1~3次/周=3,4~6次/周=4,每天=5)、是否使用塑料杯喝水或饮用桶装水(否=0,是=1)、是否吃金属易拉罐食品(否=0,是=1)、使用塑料饭盒吃饭时带饭盒加热频率(从不=1,偶尔=2,经常=3)、使用塑料杯喝水或饮用桶装水时温度(凉水=1,温水=2,热水=3)、吃金属易拉罐食品时带罐加热频率(从不=1,偶尔=2,经常=3)作为自变量;参考现有关于影响儿童执行功能因素的研究[11-18],将小学生年龄、父母文化程度、家庭人均月收入、出生孕周、出生体重作为协变量纳入模型,进行单因素线性回归分析,将单因素分析中有统计学意义的自变量纳入多因素线性回归分析。由于在“使用塑料饭盒吃饭时带饭盒加热、使用塑料杯喝水或饮用桶装水时温度、吃金属易拉罐食品时带罐加热频率”这3个自变量中经常加热或热水为主的样本较少,故对2和3赋值进行合并,合并结果为“是否使用塑料饭盒吃饭时带饭盒加热(否=0,是=1)、是否使用塑料杯喝温/热水或饮用桶装温/热水(否=0,是=1)、是否吃金属易拉罐食品时带罐加热(否=0,是=1)”。检验水准α=0.05。
小学生执行功能工作记忆、抑制力得分及总分分别为32(26, 39),33(28, 38),66(54, 75)分。不同父亲文化程度、家庭人均月收入水平、性别的小学生执行功能各维度得分及总分差异均有统计学意义,不同母亲文化程度的小学生工作记忆和执行功能总分差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。见表1。
多因素线性回归分析结果显示,男生使用塑料饭盒吃饭频率越高、抑制力得分越高(β=1.13);女生使用塑料饭盒吃饭频率越高、执行功能得分越高(工作记忆:β=1.29;抑制力:β=1.57;总分:β=2.85),使用塑料杯喝水或饮用桶装水的女生执行功能得分更高(工作记忆:β=2.63;抑制力:β=2.10;总分:β=4.73),吃金属易拉罐食品的女生执行功能得分更高(工作记忆:β=3.62;抑制力:β=1.89;总分:β=5.50)(P值均<0.05)。见表2。
多因素线性回归分析结果显示,使用塑料饭盒吃饭时带饭盒加热的女生执行功能得分更高(工作记忆:β=5.39;抑制力:β=4.29;总分:β=9.68)(P值均<0.05)。见表3。
随着外卖行业的发展,用于食品盛放的一次性塑料制品已成为重要的EDCs混合暴露来源,其中包含的多种物质对儿童的执行功能和行为造成不良影响[19-23]。2021年一项Meta分析表明,执行功能和小学生的数学、阅读、语言等学习能力高度相关[24],研究影响儿童执行功能的风险因素具有重要的现实意义。
由于生理特性,同年龄的男、女童在智力、认知、执行能力等方面存在差异[18]。本研究中的男、女生对危险物质的易感性有所不同,其中女生使用多种一次性塑料食品容器与更差的执行功能有关;而男生中仅发现使用塑料饭盒吃饭频率与抑制力更差有关,且以上结果在调整协变量后仍有影响。一次性塑料制品中的EDCs与儿童认知、执行功能关系的研究亦表明其中存在性别差异[21-22, 25-26],且相关动物和人群研究表明以上物质可以导致神经行为学改变[19, 27-30]。
进一步分析发现,加热一次性塑料饭盒可能与女生更差的执行功能有关。一次性塑料饭盒相较于其他容器更多用于富含油脂的食物,而盛放油脂等有机物的塑料包装更易将危险物质释放[31],加热可能加速有害物质的析出,从而危害女生执行功能[32]。金属易拉罐的加热不仅可能引起塑料内衬中物质的释放,还可能释放部分金属元素,而部分金属可能对认知、执行功能具有保护作用。在一项巴西的研究中发现锰含量与儿童的执行、认知功能呈正相关[33],而多数重金属的暴露会对认知、执行功能造成危害[34-35];另外,金属易拉罐塑料内衬使用的材料种类不同也可能导致不同的结果。
本研究存在一定的局限:首先,本研究中的人群样本接触的一次性塑料食品包装类型和比例可能不同,未来研究应增加儿童暴露代谢物的检测,以明确暴露情况与吸收代谢结局之间的关系;其次,研究采用横断面设计,无法明确因果关系,未来可通过队列研究进一步探讨;最后,研究选取重庆市某区3所小学一至三年级学生,样本在地区和年龄上的代表性有限;未来研究可扩大采样范围,包括不同地区及年龄段的儿童,以提高结果的推广性。
  • 重庆市博士后科学基金项目(CSTB2023NSCQ-BHX0061);重庆市自然科学基金面上项目(CSTB2023NSCQ-MSX0133);重庆医科大学未来医学青年创新团队发展支持计划项目(W0054)
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2025年第46卷第6期
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doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025113
  • 接收时间:2025-01-14
  • 首发时间:2026-11-06
  • 出版时间:2025-06-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-14
  • 修回日期:2025-02-20
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重庆市博士后科学基金项目(CSTB2023NSCQ-BHX0061);重庆市自然科学基金面上项目(CSTB2023NSCQ-MSX0133);重庆医科大学未来医学青年创新团队发展支持计划项目(W0054)
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    重庆医科大学公共卫生学院环境与人群健康研究中心,重庆 400016

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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