Article(id=1325503782762709511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, issueId=1325502070660407522, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025146, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1713456000000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-19, revisedDate=1718726400000, revisedDateStr=2024-06-19, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793954328480, onlineDateStr=2026-11-06, pubDate=1748102400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793954328480, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793954328480, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793954328480, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1325502070660407522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, year='2025', volume='46', issue='5', pageStart='609', pageEnd='760', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1748102400000', pubDateStr='2025-05-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793953920283, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793953920283, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=681, endPage=684, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1325503783437992456, articleId=1325503782762709511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=EN, title=Correlation among picky eating levels in preschool children, parenting self-efficacy and parenting stress, columnId=1259565855189418448, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of School Health, columnName=Mental Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the correlation among picky eating levels in preschool children, parental self-efficacy and parenting stress.

Methods

A convenience sampling method was employed to conduct an electronic questionnaire survey among 459 children aged 3-6 years and their parents from five kindergartens in Urumqi in November 2023. The survey included a general information questionnaire, the Children's Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ), the Parenting Sense of Competence Scale (PSOC), and the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF). The Mann-Whitney U test was used for two-group comparisons, and the Kruskal-Wallis H test was applied for multi-group comparisons. Spearman correlation analysis was conducted to examine the relationships between children's picky eating levels and parenting self-efficacy as well as parenting stress.

Results

The picky eating score of preschool children was 10.00 (4.00), and the parenting self-efficacy score was 58.00 (12.00), both indicating a moderate level. The parenting stress score was 75.00 (16.00), reflecting a moderately low level. Spearman correlation analysis showed that children's picky eating levels were negatively correlated with the total score of parenting self-efficacy (r=-0.28) and positively correlated with the total score of parenting stress(r=0.25)(P < 0.01).

Conclusions

Picky eating levels of preschool children are closely associated with parenting self-efficacy and parenting stress. Picky eating behaviors in children can be reduced by implementing various effective measures to enhance parenting self-efficacy and alleviate parenting stress.

, authors=Jing YANG1, 2, Qian LIU3, Xia YIN4, Ling GU5, Jie ZHU6, authorsList=Jing YANG, Qian LIU, Xia YIN, Ling GU, Jie ZHU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Chinese Journal of School Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1325503783974863369, articleId=1325503782762709511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=CN, title=学龄前儿童挑食水平与父母教养效能感及育儿压力的相关性, columnId=1259565858817491410, journalTitle=中国学校卫生, columnName=心理卫生, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探讨学龄前儿童挑食水平与父母教养效能感及父母育儿压力的相关性。

方法

采用方便抽样方法,于2023年11月抽取乌鲁木齐市5所幼儿园中459名3~6岁儿童及其父母进行电子问卷调查,内容包括一般资料调查问卷、儿童饮食行为问卷、父母教养效能感量表、父母育儿压力简表。计量资料两组比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验,多组比较采用Kruskal-Wallis H检验。采用Spearman相关性分析检验儿童挑食水平与父母教养效能感、父母育儿压力间的相关性。

结果

学龄前儿童挑食得分为10.00(4.00)分,父母教养效能感得分为58.00(12.00)分,均呈中等水平;父母育儿压力得分为75.00(16.00)分,呈中等偏下水平。Sepearman相关性分析结果显示,儿童挑食水平与父母教养效能感总分呈负相关(r=-0.28),与父母育儿压力总分呈正相关(r=0.25)(P值均<0.01)。

结论

挑食水平与其父母教养效能感及父母育儿压力密切相关。应当采取各类有效措施提高父母教养效能感并缓解父母育儿压力,可有效降低儿童挑食水平。

, authors=杨静1, 2, 刘茜3, 殷霞4, 顾玲5, 朱婕6, authorsList=杨静, 刘茜, 殷霞, 顾玲, 朱婕, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

杨静(1992-),女,新疆乌鲁木齐市人,硕士,讲师,主要研究方向为儿童健康与妇儿保健

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杨静(1992-),女,新疆乌鲁木齐市人,硕士,讲师,主要研究方向为儿童健康与妇儿保健

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Comparison of picky eating scores in children with different characteristics[M(Q)]

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组别人数得分Z值P值
年龄/岁
  38610.00(4.00)31.24<0.01
  41299.00(3.00)
  514211.00(4.00)
  61029.50(6.00)
性别
  男25510.00(4.00)-0.630.53
  女20410.00(4.00)
主要照顾者文化程度
  本科及以上2069.00(4.00)21.21<0.01
  大专16510.00(2.50)
  高中8810.00(3.00)
家庭类型
  核心2869.00(3.00)24.27<0.01
  主干14411.50(4.00)
  联合2910.00(7.00)
), ArticleFig(id=1325503792447357499, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325503782762709511, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同特征儿童挑食得分比较[M(Q)]

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组别人数得分Z值P值
年龄/岁
  38610.00(4.00)31.24<0.01
  41299.00(3.00)
  514211.00(4.00)
  61029.50(6.00)
性别
  男25510.00(4.00)-0.630.53
  女20410.00(4.00)
主要照顾者文化程度
  本科及以上2069.00(4.00)21.21<0.01
  大专16510.00(2.50)
  高中8810.00(3.00)
家庭类型
  核心2869.00(3.00)24.27<0.01
  主干14411.50(4.00)
  联合2910.00(7.00)
), ArticleFig(id=1325503792678044220, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325503782762709511, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Correlation analysis of children's picky eating level with parental parenting efficacy and parental parenting stress (n=459, r)

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变量挑食父母教养效能感总分满足感效能感父母育儿压力总分育儿愁苦亲子互动失调
父母教养效能感总分-0.28**
满足感-0.11*0.70**
效能感-0.35**0.81**0.20**
父母育儿压力总分0.25**-0.13**0.09-0.29**
育儿愁苦0.32**-0.19**0.08-0.39**0.79**
亲子互动失调0.13**-0.14**0.04-0.36**0.88**0.52**
困难儿童0.14**-0.060.03-0.11*0.81**0.43**0.70**
), ArticleFig(id=1325503792749347389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325503782762709511, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

儿童挑食水平与父母教养效能感、父母育儿压力的相关性分析(n=459,r值)

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变量挑食父母教养效能感总分满足感效能感父母育儿压力总分育儿愁苦亲子互动失调
父母教养效能感总分-0.28**
满足感-0.11*0.70**
效能感-0.35**0.81**0.20**
父母育儿压力总分0.25**-0.13**0.09-0.29**
育儿愁苦0.32**-0.19**0.08-0.39**0.79**
亲子互动失调0.13**-0.14**0.04-0.36**0.88**0.52**
困难儿童0.14**-0.060.03-0.11*0.81**0.43**0.70**
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学龄前儿童挑食水平与父母教养效能感及育儿压力的相关性
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杨静 1, 2 , 刘茜 3 , 殷霞 4 , 顾玲 5 , 朱婕 6
中国学校卫生 | 心理卫生 2025,46(5): 681-684
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中国学校卫生 |心理卫生 2025 , 46 (5) : 681 -684
学龄前儿童挑食水平与父母教养效能感及育儿压力的相关性
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2新疆区域人群疾病与健康照护研究中心, bio={"content":"

杨静(1992-),女,新疆乌鲁木齐市人,硕士,讲师,主要研究方向为儿童健康与妇儿保健

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杨静(1992-),女,新疆乌鲁木齐市人,硕士,讲师,主要研究方向为儿童健康与妇儿保健

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杨静1, 2, 刘茜3, 殷霞4, 顾玲5, 朱婕6
作者信息
  • 1新疆医科大学护理学院,乌鲁木齐 830000
  • 2新疆区域人群疾病与健康照护研究中心
  • 3新疆乌鲁木齐高新区(新市区)教育局
  • 4乌鲁木齐市第43幼儿园
  • 5乌鲁木齐高新区(新市区)嘉福嘉华幼儿园
  • 6乌鲁木齐高新区(新市区)吉的堡华清私立幼儿园
作者简介:

杨静(1992-),女,新疆乌鲁木齐市人,硕士,讲师,主要研究方向为儿童健康与妇儿保健

Correlation among picky eating levels in preschool children, parenting self-efficacy and parenting stress
Jing YANG1, 2, Qian LIU3, Xia YIN4, Ling GU5, Jie ZHU6
Affiliations
  • 1College of Nursing, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi (830000), Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
出版时间: 2025-05-25 doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025146
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目的

探讨学龄前儿童挑食水平与父母教养效能感及父母育儿压力的相关性。

方法

采用方便抽样方法,于2023年11月抽取乌鲁木齐市5所幼儿园中459名3~6岁儿童及其父母进行电子问卷调查,内容包括一般资料调查问卷、儿童饮食行为问卷、父母教养效能感量表、父母育儿压力简表。计量资料两组比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验,多组比较采用Kruskal-Wallis H检验。采用Spearman相关性分析检验儿童挑食水平与父母教养效能感、父母育儿压力间的相关性。

结果

学龄前儿童挑食得分为10.00(4.00)分,父母教养效能感得分为58.00(12.00)分,均呈中等水平;父母育儿压力得分为75.00(16.00)分,呈中等偏下水平。Sepearman相关性分析结果显示,儿童挑食水平与父母教养效能感总分呈负相关(r=-0.28),与父母育儿压力总分呈正相关(r=0.25)(P值均<0.01)。

结论

挑食水平与其父母教养效能感及父母育儿压力密切相关。应当采取各类有效措施提高父母教养效能感并缓解父母育儿压力,可有效降低儿童挑食水平。

偏食  /  教育  /  压力  /  儿童,学龄前
Objective

To explore the correlation among picky eating levels in preschool children, parental self-efficacy and parenting stress.

Methods

A convenience sampling method was employed to conduct an electronic questionnaire survey among 459 children aged 3-6 years and their parents from five kindergartens in Urumqi in November 2023. The survey included a general information questionnaire, the Children's Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ), the Parenting Sense of Competence Scale (PSOC), and the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF). The Mann-Whitney U test was used for two-group comparisons, and the Kruskal-Wallis H test was applied for multi-group comparisons. Spearman correlation analysis was conducted to examine the relationships between children's picky eating levels and parenting self-efficacy as well as parenting stress.

Results

The picky eating score of preschool children was 10.00 (4.00), and the parenting self-efficacy score was 58.00 (12.00), both indicating a moderate level. The parenting stress score was 75.00 (16.00), reflecting a moderately low level. Spearman correlation analysis showed that children's picky eating levels were negatively correlated with the total score of parenting self-efficacy (r=-0.28) and positively correlated with the total score of parenting stress(r=0.25)(P < 0.01).

Conclusions

Picky eating levels of preschool children are closely associated with parenting self-efficacy and parenting stress. Picky eating behaviors in children can be reduced by implementing various effective measures to enhance parenting self-efficacy and alleviate parenting stress.

Food preferences  /  Education  /  Pressure  /  Child, preschool
杨静, 刘茜, 殷霞, 顾玲, 朱婕. 学龄前儿童挑食水平与父母教养效能感及育儿压力的相关性. 中国学校卫生, 2025 , 46 (5) : 681 -684 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025146
Jing YANG, Qian LIU, Xia YIN, Ling GU, Jie ZHU. Correlation among picky eating levels in preschool children, parenting self-efficacy and parenting stress[J]. Chinese Journal of School Health, 2025 , 46 (5) : 681 -684 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025146
《中国儿童发展纲要(2021—2030)》提出“5岁以下儿童贫血率和生长迟缓率分别控制在10%和5%以下,儿童超重、肥胖上升趋势得到有效控制”的儿童健康目标[1]。这一目标的实现与儿童饮食行为密切相关,饮食行为是受有关食物和健康观念支配的摄食活动,包括食物的选购和摄取食物的种类、量、频度、时间、地点、方式及场景等[2]。学龄前期是儿童形成饮食行为的关键期[3],一旦形成不良饮食行为将严重影响其生长发育及健康水平[4]。挑食通常被定义为不愿意尝试新食物或食用某些种类的食物,是儿童常见的不良饮食行为[5]。父母教养效能感是指父母对自身养育角色胜任能力的自我感知以及对自己积极影响子女行为和发展能力的信念[6],提升父母教养效能感可降低儿童行为问题的发生[7-8]。父母育儿压力是指作为父母的责任压力、与孩子的亲密度和抚养孩子的困难程度3个部分带来的心理反应[9]。研究显示父母育儿压力与儿童行为问题相关[10],母亲的育儿压力能够正向预测儿童情绪症状、品行问题、多动或注意力不集中等行为问题的发生[11]。挑食作为一种常见的不良饮食行为问题,属于儿童习惯性行为问题[12],与儿童的健康状况息息相关[13]。因此,本研究调查3~6岁学龄前儿童挑食水平及其父母教养效能感、育儿压力现状,分析挑食水平与二者间的关系,为改善儿童挑食行为,培养健康饮食行为习惯提供参考依据。
采用方便抽样方法,于2023年11月抽取乌鲁木齐市5所幼儿园中符合纳入标准的3~6岁儿童及其父母作为研究对象。纳入标准:(1)儿童主要照顾者签署知情同意书,自愿参加本项研究;(2)主要照顾者为孩子父母;(3)主要照顾者无认知障碍,可正确填写问卷。排除标准:(1)存在食物过敏的情况;(2)存在器质性疾病;(3)年龄<3岁或≥7岁。研究共收回472份问卷,剔除重复规律作答的无效问卷13份,共收回有效问卷459份,有效收回率为97.25%。其中男童255名,女童204名;年龄3~6岁。本项目获得新疆医科大学伦理委员会审批(审批号:XJYKDXR20220725036)。
通过问卷星平台生成调查问卷的二维码。在取得幼儿园园长同意后,由经过统一培训的幼儿园各班班主任召开家长会向家长说明本次研究的目的、意义及问卷填写方法,现场发放调查问卷二维码,问卷首页为知情同意书, 家长通过扫码现场签署电子知情同意书及完成调查问卷。采用匿名的方式作答,1个IP地址只能作答一次,所有条目均为必答题。
由研究者自行设计,包括儿童年龄、性别、父母文化程度、家庭类型等。其中核心家庭指由已婚夫妇和未婚子女或收养子女两代构成的家庭;主干家庭指由父母、有孩子的已婚子女三代人所构成的家庭;联合家庭指由两对或两对以上的同代夫妇及其未婚子女组成的家庭,包括由父母同几对已婚子女及孙子女构成的家庭,两对以上已婚兄弟姐妹组成的家庭等[14]。
该问卷已被广泛应用于评价2~13岁儿童的饮食行为,包括35个条目,由食物响应、情绪性过度饮食、食物喜好、渴望饮料、过饱响应、进食缓慢、情绪性饮食减少、挑食8个维度构成。采用Likert 5级计分法,按照“从不、偶尔、有时、经常、总是”分别计0~4分。本研究采用挑食维度(6个条目)对儿童挑食行为进行测量,总分范围0~24分,得分越高说明挑食行为越严重。问卷信度74%~91%,效度52%~64%。量表具有较好的内部一致性重测信度和结构效度满意。
又称亲职胜任感量表或子女管教效能感量表,包含17个条目,由满足感和效能感2个维度构成。采用Likert 6级评分法,从“非常同意”到“非常不同意”分别为1~6分,总分范围17~102分。满足感主要评估在照顾子女方面遇到的挫败、焦虑和动力等情感因素;效能反映家长在履行养育职责时的能量和解决问题的能力。满足感的9个条目直接计分,得分越高表明满足感越强;效能感的8个条目反向计分,得分越高表明效能越高,量表总分越高表明父母的养育效能感越强。此量表Cronbach α系数为0.85,重测信度为0.87。
该量表包含育儿愁苦、亲子互动失调、困难儿童3个维度,36个条目,每个维度含12个条目,采用5级评分法,1~5分分别表示“非常不同意”~“非常同意”,总分范围36~180分,得分越高表明压力越大。育儿愁苦维度反映父母对育儿能力、与配偶间冲突处理、社会支持及其他生活压力;亲子互动失调维度评估的是父母对孩子不能满足期望及与儿童间不能良好互动时的态度;困难儿童维度调查的是父母对儿童情绪化,抵触及不合作时的反应。量表具有良好的信效度,育儿愁苦、亲子互动失调、困难儿童3个维度内部一致性系数分别为0.87,0.88,0.79。
在问卷设计阶段,基于问卷星平台的逻辑跳转功能优化流程,以减少逻辑错误;所有条目均设置为必答题目,以防数据缺失情况的发生。在问卷调查阶段,研究者使用统一的指导语指导家长进行问卷填写。在数据处理阶段,问卷回收后由研究者本人进行问卷筛选核查,答案具有明显规律性,多数选项答案一致则视为无效,予以剔除此问卷处理。
采用Excel表格录入数据并进行双人核对,采用SPSS 27.0软件对数据进行分析。计量资料(挑食、父母教养效能感总分、满足感、效能感、养育压力总分、育儿愁苦、亲子互动失调、困难儿童得分)K-S检验及S-W检验均P<0.01,提示均呈非正态分布,采用中位数(四分位数间距)进行描述,两组比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验,多组比较采用Kruskal-Wallis H检验。采用Spearman相关性分析检验儿童挑食水平与父母教养效能感、父母育儿压力间的相关性。以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
儿童挑食、父母教养效能感、父母育儿压力总分分别为10.00(4.00),58.00(12.00),75.00(16.00)分。父母教养效能感的满足感和效能感维度得分分别为27.00(7.00),21.00(9.00);父母育儿压力的育儿愁苦、亲子互动失调、困难儿童得分分别为30.00(12.00),20.00(10.00),26.00(10.00)。
不同年龄、主要照顾者文化程度、家庭类型间儿童挑食行为总分差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01)。见表1。
Spearman相关性分析结果显示,儿童挑食水平与父母教养效能感总分呈负相关,与父母育儿压力总分呈正相关(P值均<0.01)。见表2。
本研究结果显示,学龄前儿童挑食得分为10.00(4.00)分,父母教养效能感得分为58.00(12.00)分,父母育儿压力得分为75.00(16.00)分。现有研究表明儿童挑食的发生、父母教养效能感及父母育儿压力均与主要照顾者的文化程度有关[16-18],本研究中儿童主要照顾者为其父母,文化程度以大专及以上为主(371名),因此具有较高的认知水平,自主学习能力较强、获取育儿知识的渠道较多,可有效提升自身育儿知识素养。
本研究结果显示,不同年龄的儿童挑食水平存在动态变化,挑食行为的发生呈先增高后逐渐降低的趋势,5岁时儿童挑食水平达到高峰后,随着年龄的增长,挑食水平有所下降。分析可能的原因为随着年龄的增长,儿童进入味觉发育敏感期,如在味觉发育敏感期儿童摄入食物的种类单一,则更易出现挑食的行为[19];随着味觉发育的逐渐成熟及接触食物的多样性,使得挑食水平逐渐下降[20]。
家庭不仅是影响个体健康的微环境,也是培养儿童健康饮食等各种行为习惯的重要场所,最常见的家庭类型为核心家庭、主干家庭及联合家庭。本研究结果显示主干家庭学龄前儿童挑食水平高于核心家庭及联合家庭,可能由于相较于核心家庭,主干家庭由于老人参与照顾孩子,易发生溺爱等情况,增加了儿童发生挑食行为的风险。联合家庭相较于主干家庭,家庭中孩子数量较多,不易发生挑食行为。
Spearman相关分析显示,儿童挑食水平与父母教养效能感呈负相关,与父母育儿压力总分呈正相关,说明父母教养效能感越低、父母育儿压力越高、儿童挑食水平越严重。父母教养效能感可直接影响儿童问题行为的发生,父母教养效能感越高,儿童问题行为越少,挑食行为作为常见的儿童饮食行为问题,也受到父母教养效能感的影响[7-8]。此外,父母教养效能感与亲子互动质量密切相关,具有较高的父母教养效能感的父母更可能采用积极、耐心和理解的态度与孩子互动,进行有效沟通,提供适宜的指导和支持,有助于培养孩子积极的行为模式[21]。同时,较高的父母教养效能感更可能对孩子的需求和情绪做出及时、适当的响应,有助于建立孩子的安全感,促进其情绪稳定,减少行为问题的发生[22]。因此,较高水平的父母教养效能感其孩子的挑食水平较低。
父母育儿压力可能会影响父母的喂养方式,喂养方式可能会直接影响儿童的饮食行为,当父母处在较高水平的育儿压力下,通常会采用逼迫进食的喂养方式[23]。当父母采用逼迫进食的喂养方式时,将对儿童产生心理压力,造成挑食行为的发生[24]。另外,育儿压力较高时,父母更倾向于向儿童提供非营养性食物及零食,这些食物将影响儿童对营养性食物的摄入,造成挑食行为的发生[25]。而在育儿压力较低的情况下,父母较少将食物作为奖励,降低了挑食发生的可能性[26]。根据压力与应对理论,压力是个体与环境相互作用的结果,当个体感受到来自内部或外部的刺激超过其应对能力和资源时,就会产生压力,压力源作用于个体后,个体压力的发生与否主要受认知评价与应对的制约[27]。育儿压力作为压力源作用于父母,当超过父母的应对能力时,父母将有包括心理、生理和行为反应,这些反应将造成亲子互动质量下降并影响父母管教方式,父母更可能采用更为严厉、惩罚性的管教方式,或过度保护、溺爱等极端行为[28],这两种极端行为均可能导致儿童挑食的发生。
本研究也存在一定的局限性。研究为横断面研究,无法确认挑食与父母教养效能感、父母育儿压力间的因果关系,需进行进一步的纵向研究以证实本研究的结果。此外,本研究中的研究对象为新疆乌鲁木齐市学龄前儿童,由于各地区文化背景略有不同,因此需后期进行多地区抽样,扩大样本量,以此增加研究结果的外推性。
  • 新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金—(第二批)联合基金青年项目(2022D01C708)
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2025年第46卷第5期
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doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025146
  • 接收时间:2024-04-19
  • 首发时间:2026-11-06
  • 出版时间:2025-05-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-19
  • 修回日期:2024-06-19
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新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金—(第二批)联合基金青年项目(2022D01C708)
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    1新疆医科大学护理学院,乌鲁木齐 830000
    2新疆区域人群疾病与健康照护研究中心
    3新疆乌鲁木齐高新区(新市区)教育局
    4乌鲁木齐市第43幼儿园
    5乌鲁木齐高新区(新市区)嘉福嘉华幼儿园
    6乌鲁木齐高新区(新市区)吉的堡华清私立幼儿园
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
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