Article(id=1325502256719725139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, issueId=1325501865651216714, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025102, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1732032000000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-20, revisedDate=1739721600000, revisedDateStr=2025-02-17, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793953964642, onlineDateStr=2026-11-06, pubDate=1745510400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793953964642, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793953964642, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793953964642, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1325501865651216714, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, year='2025', volume='46', issue='4', pageStart='457', pageEnd='572 578', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1745510400000', pubDateStr='2025-04-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793953871404, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793953871404, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=597, endPage=600, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1325502258389058132, articleId=1325502256719725139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=EN, title=Associations between caregivers' nutrition literacy and pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease of children aged 8- 10, columnId=1325500884406379444, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of School Health, columnName=Disease Control, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the associations between caregivers' nutrition literacy and pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), so as to provide scientific evidence for the key contents of family intervention measures.

Methods

In September 2022, a study involving 1 609 third-grade students and their caregivers from six schools in Yinzhou, Haishu, and Zhenhai Districts of Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, was conducted. Venous blood samples were collected to measure lipid profiles and investigate the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) among the children. Family Food Environment Questionnaire was used to assess the nutrition literacy levels of the caregivers. Generalized linear regression analysis was employed to explore the correlation between caregivers' nutrition literacy levels and the prevalence of NAFLD in children.

Results

Among the surveyed students, 191 were in the NAFLD group, whereas 1 418 were in the non-NAFLD group. The median nutrition literacy score of caregivers in the NAFLD group and non-NAFLD group all were 11.00 (9.00, 12.00), which was not significantly different (Z=-0.40, P=0.71). The generalized linear regression results revealed that the level of nutrition literacy of caregivers had no significant effect on children's Triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and Triglyceride-glucose-Waist-to-height ratio (TyG-WHtR) [β(95%CI) were 0.001(-0.005-0.006) and 0.000(-0.014-0.014), P>0.05].

Conclusions

The nutrition literacy level of caregivers has no significant correlation with the direct incidence of NAFLD in children. As for family intervention measures, it is necessary not only to improve the nutrition literacy level of caregivers but also to effectively apply nutritional knowledge in practice to optimize health management.

, authors=Yifan YANG1, Li LI2, Pingping ZHANG3, Youxin WANG1, Mingyue WANG1, Shuhan YANG1, Yuying WU1, Hui WANG*, 1, authorsList=Yifan YANG, Li LI, Pingping ZHANG, Youxin WANG, Mingyue WANG, Shuhan YANG, Yuying WU, Hui WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Hui WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Chinese Journal of School Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1325502263514497621, articleId=1325502256719725139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=CN, title=照护者营养素养与8~10岁儿童非酒精性脂肪性肝病的相关性, columnId=1325500884628677558, journalTitle=中国学校卫生, columnName=疾病控制, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探讨照护者营养素养水平与儿童非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)的相关性,为后期制定家庭干预措施提供理论依据。

方法

2022年9月,以浙江省宁波市鄞州区、海曙区、镇海区6所学校招募的1 609名小学三年级学生及其照护者为研究对象,通过采集空腹静脉血,测量血脂指标调查儿童NAFLD患病情况,采用儿童家庭食物环境问卷调查照护者的营养素养水平。采用广义线性回归方法探究照护者营养素养水平与儿童NAFLD患病率之间的相关性。

结果

调查儿童中,NAFLD组有191名,非NAFLD组1 418名。NAFLD组与非NAFLD组照护者营养素养得分中位数均为11.00(9.00,12.00),差异无统计学意义(Z=-0.40,P=0.71)。广义线性回归分析结果显示,照护者的营养素养水平与儿童甘油三酯-葡萄糖指数和甘油三酯-葡萄糖腰高比指数的相关性均无统计学意义[β值(95%CI)分别为0.001(-0.005~0.006)和0.000(-0.014~0.014),P值均>0.05]。

结论

照护者营养素养水平与儿童NAFLD患病率无相关性。在家庭干预措施中,不仅要提高父母的营养素养,更要将营养知识有效运用于实践中、优化健康管理。

, authors=杨依凡1, 励丽2, 张萍萍3, 王佑新1, 王明月1, 杨树涵1, 吴玉莹1, 王辉*, 1, authorsList=杨依凡, 励丽, 张萍萍, 王佑新, 王明月, 杨树涵, 吴玉莹, 王辉, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=王辉, authorNote=

杨依凡(2000- ),女,山西临汾人,在读硕士,主要研究方向为儿童健康影响因素。

, correspAuthorsNote=
王辉,E-mail:
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杨依凡(2000- ),女,山西临汾人,在读硕士,主要研究方向为儿童健康影响因素。

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Arch Med Res, 2024, 55(6): 103043., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325502342694568633, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325502256719725139, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=23, rfOrder=28, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=中华人民共和国国家卫生健康委员会关于印发儿童青少年肥胖防控实施方案的通知[EB/OL]. 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Comparison of NAFLD-related metabolic indexes indicators of children among different caregivers' nutritional literacy levels[M(P25, P75)]

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照护者营养素养水平人数BMI/(kg·m-2)腰围/cm臀围/cm收缩压/mmHg舒张压/mmHg空腹胰岛素/(pmol·L-1)
非优秀1 24715.80(14.70, 17.75)56.00(53.00, 61.00)70.00(65.00, 74.00)100.00(94.50, 108.00)63.00(59.00, 67.00)46.58(33.04, 63.91)
优秀36215.80(14.68, 17.33)55.35(52.53, 60.00)69.00(66.00, 74.00)102.00(96.00, 108.00)63.00(59.00, 67.00)44.74(31.35, 60.08)
总体1 60915.80(14.70, 17.70)56.00(53.00, 61.00)70.00(66.00, 74.00)101.00(95.00, 108.00)63.00(59.00, 67.00)46.00(32.80, 63.14)
Z值-0.79-0.91-0.13-1.24-0.98-1.59
P值0.430.360.900.210.330.11
照护者营养素养水平人数空腹血糖/(mmol·L-1)甘油三酯/(mmol·L-1)总胆固醇/(mmol·L-1)低密度脂蛋白胆固醇/(mmol·L-1)高密度脂蛋白胆固醇/(mmol·L-1)TyG指数TyG-WHtR指数
非优秀1 2474.91(4.68, 5.15)0.70(0.56, 0.92)4.57(4.10, 5.12)2.76(2.36, 3.12)1.56(1.39, 1.76)7.92(7.69, 8.20)3.37(3.14, 3.68)
优秀3624.86(4.61, 5.08)0.71(0.60, 0.91)4.68(4.19, 5.27)2.79(2.45, 3.26)1.57(1.41, 1.77)7.93(7.73, 8.17)3.35(3.14, 3.65)
总体1 6094.89(4.66, 5.13)0.70(0.56, 0.92)4.60(4.12, 5.15)2.77(2.38, 3.15)1.56(1.39, 1.76)7.92(7.69, 8.19)3.36(3.14, 3.68)
Z值-2.54-1.51-2.28-2.29-0.81-1.01-0.73
P值0.010.130.020.020.420.310.47
), ArticleFig(id=1325502310427787922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325502256719725139, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同营养素养水平照护者间儿童NAFLD相关代谢指标比较[M(P25, P75)]

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照护者营养素养水平人数BMI/(kg·m-2)腰围/cm臀围/cm收缩压/mmHg舒张压/mmHg空腹胰岛素/(pmol·L-1)
非优秀1 24715.80(14.70, 17.75)56.00(53.00, 61.00)70.00(65.00, 74.00)100.00(94.50, 108.00)63.00(59.00, 67.00)46.58(33.04, 63.91)
优秀36215.80(14.68, 17.33)55.35(52.53, 60.00)69.00(66.00, 74.00)102.00(96.00, 108.00)63.00(59.00, 67.00)44.74(31.35, 60.08)
总体1 60915.80(14.70, 17.70)56.00(53.00, 61.00)70.00(66.00, 74.00)101.00(95.00, 108.00)63.00(59.00, 67.00)46.00(32.80, 63.14)
Z值-0.79-0.91-0.13-1.24-0.98-1.59
P值0.430.360.900.210.330.11
照护者营养素养水平人数空腹血糖/(mmol·L-1)甘油三酯/(mmol·L-1)总胆固醇/(mmol·L-1)低密度脂蛋白胆固醇/(mmol·L-1)高密度脂蛋白胆固醇/(mmol·L-1)TyG指数TyG-WHtR指数
非优秀1 2474.91(4.68, 5.15)0.70(0.56, 0.92)4.57(4.10, 5.12)2.76(2.36, 3.12)1.56(1.39, 1.76)7.92(7.69, 8.20)3.37(3.14, 3.68)
优秀3624.86(4.61, 5.08)0.71(0.60, 0.91)4.68(4.19, 5.27)2.79(2.45, 3.26)1.57(1.41, 1.77)7.93(7.73, 8.17)3.35(3.14, 3.65)
总体1 6094.89(4.66, 5.13)0.70(0.56, 0.92)4.60(4.12, 5.15)2.77(2.38, 3.15)1.56(1.39, 1.76)7.92(7.69, 8.19)3.36(3.14, 3.68)
Z值-2.54-1.51-2.28-2.29-0.81-1.01-0.73
P值0.010.130.020.020.420.310.47
), ArticleFig(id=1325502310994018963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325502256719725139, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Generalized linear regression on NAFLD-related metabolic indexes of children and nutritional literacy levels of caregivers[β(95%CI), n=1 609]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
NAFLD相关代谢指标模型1模型2
BMI-0.007(-0.025~0.010)-0.003(-0.021~0.015)
腰围/cm-0.004(-0.017~0.009)-0.001(-0.015~0.013)
臀围/cm0.002(-0.009~0.012)0.000(-0.011~0.011)
收缩压/mmHg0.003(-0.009~0.016)0.003(-0.009~0.016)
舒张压/mmHg0.007(-0.007~0.021)0.012(-0.002~0.026)
空腹胰岛素/(pmol·L-1)-0.061(-0.125~0.003)-0.053(-0.118~0.013)
空腹血糖/(mmol·L-1)-0.009(-0.018~-0.001)*-0.006(-0.015~0.003)
甘油三酯/(mmol·L-1)0.025(-0.019~0.068)0.007(-0.038~0.051)
总胆固醇/(mmol·L-1)0.024(0.003~0.045)*0.006(-0.015~0.027)
低密度脂蛋白胆固醇/(mmol·L-1)0.035(0.008~0.061)*0.013(-0.014~0.040)
高密度脂蛋白胆固醇/(mmol·L-1)0.006(-0.015~0.027)-0.007(-0.029~0.015)
TyG指数0.003(-0.003~0.008)0.001(-0.005~0.006)
TyG-WHtR指数-0.002(-0.016~0.012)0.000(-0.014~0.014)
), ArticleFig(id=1325502311690273428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325502256719725139, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

儿童NAFLD相关代谢指标与照护者营养素养水平的广义线性回归分析[β值(95%CI), n=1 609]

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NAFLD相关代谢指标模型1模型2
BMI-0.007(-0.025~0.010)-0.003(-0.021~0.015)
腰围/cm-0.004(-0.017~0.009)-0.001(-0.015~0.013)
臀围/cm0.002(-0.009~0.012)0.000(-0.011~0.011)
收缩压/mmHg0.003(-0.009~0.016)0.003(-0.009~0.016)
舒张压/mmHg0.007(-0.007~0.021)0.012(-0.002~0.026)
空腹胰岛素/(pmol·L-1)-0.061(-0.125~0.003)-0.053(-0.118~0.013)
空腹血糖/(mmol·L-1)-0.009(-0.018~-0.001)*-0.006(-0.015~0.003)
甘油三酯/(mmol·L-1)0.025(-0.019~0.068)0.007(-0.038~0.051)
总胆固醇/(mmol·L-1)0.024(0.003~0.045)*0.006(-0.015~0.027)
低密度脂蛋白胆固醇/(mmol·L-1)0.035(0.008~0.061)*0.013(-0.014~0.040)
高密度脂蛋白胆固醇/(mmol·L-1)0.006(-0.015~0.027)-0.007(-0.029~0.015)
TyG指数0.003(-0.003~0.008)0.001(-0.005~0.006)
TyG-WHtR指数-0.002(-0.016~0.012)0.000(-0.014~0.014)
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照护者营养素养与8~10岁儿童非酒精性脂肪性肝病的相关性
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杨依凡 1 , 励丽 2 , 张萍萍 3 , 王佑新 1 , 王明月 1 , 杨树涵 1 , 吴玉莹 1 , 王辉 *, 1
中国学校卫生 | 疾病控制 2025,46(4): 597-600
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中国学校卫生 |疾病控制 2025 , 46 (4) : 597 -600
照护者营养素养与8~10岁儿童非酒精性脂肪性肝病的相关性
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杨依凡(2000- ),女,山西临汾人,在读硕士,主要研究方向为儿童健康影响因素。

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杨依凡(2000- ),女,山西临汾人,在读硕士,主要研究方向为儿童健康影响因素。

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杨依凡1, 励丽2, 张萍萍3, 王佑新1, 王明月1, 杨树涵1, 吴玉莹1, 王辉*, 1
作者信息
  • 1北京大学公共卫生学院妇幼卫生学系, 北京 100191
  • 2宁波大学附属第一医院内分泌科
  • 3宁波大学附属第一医院慢病管理办公室健康生活方式研究中心
通讯作者:
王辉,E-mail:
作者简介:

杨依凡(2000- ),女,山西临汾人,在读硕士,主要研究方向为儿童健康影响因素。

Associations between caregivers' nutrition literacy and pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease of children aged 8- 10
Yifan YANG1, Li LI2, Pingping ZHANG3, Youxin WANG1, Mingyue WANG1, Shuhan YANG1, Yuying WU1, Hui WANG*, 1
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Maternal and Child Health Medicine, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing (100191), China
出版时间: 2025-04-25 doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025102
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目的

探讨照护者营养素养水平与儿童非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)的相关性,为后期制定家庭干预措施提供理论依据。

方法

2022年9月,以浙江省宁波市鄞州区、海曙区、镇海区6所学校招募的1 609名小学三年级学生及其照护者为研究对象,通过采集空腹静脉血,测量血脂指标调查儿童NAFLD患病情况,采用儿童家庭食物环境问卷调查照护者的营养素养水平。采用广义线性回归方法探究照护者营养素养水平与儿童NAFLD患病率之间的相关性。

结果

调查儿童中,NAFLD组有191名,非NAFLD组1 418名。NAFLD组与非NAFLD组照护者营养素养得分中位数均为11.00(9.00,12.00),差异无统计学意义(Z=-0.40,P=0.71)。广义线性回归分析结果显示,照护者的营养素养水平与儿童甘油三酯-葡萄糖指数和甘油三酯-葡萄糖腰高比指数的相关性均无统计学意义[β值(95%CI)分别为0.001(-0.005~0.006)和0.000(-0.014~0.014),P值均>0.05]。

结论

照护者营养素养水平与儿童NAFLD患病率无相关性。在家庭干预措施中,不仅要提高父母的营养素养,更要将营养知识有效运用于实践中、优化健康管理。

营养素养  /  法定监护人  /  脂肪肝  /  回归分析  /  儿童
Objective

To explore the associations between caregivers' nutrition literacy and pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), so as to provide scientific evidence for the key contents of family intervention measures.

Methods

In September 2022, a study involving 1 609 third-grade students and their caregivers from six schools in Yinzhou, Haishu, and Zhenhai Districts of Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, was conducted. Venous blood samples were collected to measure lipid profiles and investigate the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) among the children. Family Food Environment Questionnaire was used to assess the nutrition literacy levels of the caregivers. Generalized linear regression analysis was employed to explore the correlation between caregivers' nutrition literacy levels and the prevalence of NAFLD in children.

Results

Among the surveyed students, 191 were in the NAFLD group, whereas 1 418 were in the non-NAFLD group. The median nutrition literacy score of caregivers in the NAFLD group and non-NAFLD group all were 11.00 (9.00, 12.00), which was not significantly different (Z=-0.40, P=0.71). The generalized linear regression results revealed that the level of nutrition literacy of caregivers had no significant effect on children's Triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and Triglyceride-glucose-Waist-to-height ratio (TyG-WHtR) [β(95%CI) were 0.001(-0.005-0.006) and 0.000(-0.014-0.014), P>0.05].

Conclusions

The nutrition literacy level of caregivers has no significant correlation with the direct incidence of NAFLD in children. As for family intervention measures, it is necessary not only to improve the nutrition literacy level of caregivers but also to effectively apply nutritional knowledge in practice to optimize health management.

Nutrition literacy  /  Legal guardians  /  Fatty liver  /  Regression analysis  /  Child
杨依凡, 励丽, 张萍萍, 王佑新, 王明月, 杨树涵, 吴玉莹, 王辉. 照护者营养素养与8~10岁儿童非酒精性脂肪性肝病的相关性. 中国学校卫生, 2025 , 46 (4) : 597 -600 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025102
Yifan YANG, Li LI, Pingping ZHANG, Youxin WANG, Mingyue WANG, Shuhan YANG, Yuying WU, Hui WANG. Associations between caregivers' nutrition literacy and pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease of children aged 8- 10[J]. Chinese Journal of School Health, 2025 , 46 (4) : 597 -600 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025102
目前全球超重肥胖儿童的非酒精性脂肪性肝病(non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,NAFLD)患病率已高达39.17%[1],在中国普通儿童的NAFLD患病率为6.0%,超重肥胖儿童的患病率上升至40.4%[2]。既往研究发现,照护者的营养素养水平会影响儿童的营养素养水平、饮食行为及健康状况等[3-8]。对美国成年人的调查发现[9],NAFLD患者与非NAFLD患者相比,其营养素养水平差异无统计学意义,但NAFLD患者的日常膳食质量及自我评价的膳食质量均较差,提示营养素养转化为膳食行为仍需要实践指导。
前期研究表明,通过对照护者进行健康宣教,调整膳食结构,倡导健康的生活方式,不仅有助于降低儿童发生肥胖、代谢障碍等疾病的风险,还有可能降低儿童NAFLD的发病率[10-12]。鉴于此,本研究将从家庭层面探讨中国照护者的营养素养水平与儿童NAFLD患病率的相关性,为后期明确家庭干预措施的重点内容提供依据。
研究数据来源于浙江省宁波市儿童青少年体重管理项目的基线数据。采用整群随机对照试验,研究对象为宁波市鄞州区、海曙区、镇海区6所学校的小学三年级全部学生,项目自2022年9月开始,共招募1 640名学生。排除非空腹血糖值3名,空腹血糖值缺失17名,照护者营养素养问卷缺失4名,父母不是主要照护者7名,最终纳入1 609名8~10岁三年级学生及其照护者。该项目经宁波大学附属第一医院伦理委员会批准(批准号:2021-R168),所有调查对象和其监护人均签署知情同意书。
儿童身高、体重、腰围、臀围、血压等身体指标测量由经过统一培训的社区卫生院工作人员按照标准方案进行。儿童空腹胰岛素、空腹血糖、甘油三酯、总胆固醇等血生化代谢指标的测量,要求受试者禁食10~14 h,由经过培训的护士在学校体检的当日早晨按照标准方案采集5 mL静脉血,4 ℃冷藏,并于当天送检。体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)=体重(kg)/[身高(m)]2。根据《儿童青少年发育水平的综合评价》中对BMI的划分依据,将学生分为消瘦、正常、超重及肥胖4组[13]。
2022年的一项研究表明,甘油三酯-葡萄糖(triglyceride-glucose,TyG)指数及相关指数可以作为青少年NAFLD的预测指标。TyG=Ln[甘油三酯(mg/dL)×空腹血糖(mg/dL)/2],腰高比指数(waist-to-height ratio,WHtR)=腰围(cm)/身高(cm),TyG-WHtR指数=TyG指数×WHtR指数;当TyG指数大于8.391时,提示该儿童可能患有NAFLD[14]。
使用经过验证的《儿童家庭食物环境问卷》[15]调查儿童照护者的营养素养水平,该问卷的Cronbach α系数为0.78,具有较高的可靠性。问卷以电子问卷的形式发放,由班主任将问卷二维码发送至家长群,由儿童的主要照护者填写。营养素养问卷的内容包括照护者的营养理念(3题)、营养知识(4题)。其中营养理念为Likert 5级评分,从“非常不符合”到“非常符合”按0~4等级计分。营养知识部分每道题仅对应一个正确答案,回答正确计1分,错误不计分。营养理念及营养知识部分所有题目的累计得分即为该照护者的营养素养得分,总分为0~16分,≥12.8分为优秀,<12.8分为非优秀[16-17]。问卷还收集了主要照护者与儿童的关系、父母年龄、父母受教育水平、父母职业、家庭年收入等基本社会人口学信息。根据《中华人民共和国2023年国民经济和社会发展统计公报》,将家庭年收入分为中等收入及以下和中等偏上收入两组[18]。
采用SPSS 27.0软件进行统计分析。经Kolmogorov-Smirnov检验,NAFLD相关代谢指标及照护者的营养素养得分呈偏态分布,故使用M(P25, P75)表示,并使用频数或率描述计数资料。采用χ2检验比较NAFLD组与非NAFLD组间的基本情况,采用Wilcoxon配对秩和检验分析照护者不同营养素养水平间NAFLD相关代谢指标的差异。NAFLD相关代谢指标与营养素养得分均呈线性趋势,采用广义线性回归分析照护者营养素养水平对NAFLD相关代谢指标及预测指标的影响。双侧检验水准α=0.05。
调查的三年级学生中,NAFLD组有191名,非NAFLD组有1 418名。NAFLD组的TyG指数[8.60(8.47,8.74)]和TyG-WHtR指数[3.84(3.60,4.27)]均高于非NAFLD组[7.87(7.67,8.08),3.31(3.13,3.58)](Z值分别-22.47,-15.05,P值均<0.01)。NAFLD组超重和肥胖的检出率(15.7%,30/191;23.6%,45/191)均高于非NAFLD组(10.7%,153/1 418;8.2%,124/1 418),差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为8.51,42.69,P值均<0.01)。NAFLD组与非NAFLD组照护者营养素养得分中位数均为11.00(9.00,12.00),差异无统计学意义(Z=-0.40,P=0.71)。
照护者营养素养优秀的儿童空腹血糖值较低,总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇均较高,组间差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。照护者营养素养优秀组和非优秀组儿童的TyG指数和TyG-WHtR指数差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。见表1。
以照护者的营养素养水平(0=非优秀,1=优秀)为自变量,以各NAFLD相关代谢指标(连续性变量)为因变量进行广义线性回归分析,模型2结果显示,在调整照护者的文化程度及家庭年收入后,照护者的营养素养水平与儿童NAFLD各指标相关性均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。见表2。此外,对333名超重/肥胖的儿童进行了肝脏纤维化无创(Echosens,巴黎,法国)检查,广义线性回归分析结果显示,照护者的营养素养水平与儿童肝脏硬度值和受控衰减参数相关性均无统计学意义[β值(95%CI)分别为-0.02(-0.08~0.04),-0.01(-0.07~0.04),P值均>0.05]。
近年来,营养素养作为影响个体健康行为的关键因素,尤其在儿童与青少年群体中受到广泛的学术关注与研究[19]。照护者作为儿童饮食行为与生活习惯的重要塑造者,其营养素养水平会对儿童的饮食行为产生影响[6]。
本研究未发现NAFLD组与非NAFLD组在照护者营养素养水平上存在统计学差异,与针对美国成年人的研究结论相呼应[9],提示单纯的营养素养水平可能并不足以直接决定NAFLD的发生。值得注意的是,照护者营养素养优秀的儿童表现出较低的空腹血糖值,而总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平相对较高,这在一定程度上反映了照护者营养素养水平对儿童代谢状态的潜在影响。但本研究广义线性回归分析结果发现,照护者的营养素养水平对儿童空腹血糖等NAFLD相关代谢指标影响均无统计学意义,与一项加拿大的研究结果相吻合[20]。
本研究还发现,照护者营养素养水平对儿童NAFLD的预测指标(如TyG指数和TyG-WHtR指数)并无统计学影响。一项韩国营养教育干预试验结果提示,单纯通过营养教育难以改善NAFLD患者的疾病状态[21],该研究在一定程度上支持了本研究的结论,即仅提升照护者的营养素养可能不足以直接逆转NAFLD疾病进程。一项对成年NAFLD患者的干预研究结果表明,膳食、运动和个性化营养咨询相结合的综合干预措施能够有效降低其脂肪衰减参数、BMI、空腹血糖、甘油三酯等指标[10]。提示在儿童NAFLD的干预策略中,如何将照护者的营养知识运用于家庭综合干预实践中是需要重视的问题。
本研究也存在一定的局限性:首先体现在样本的地域代表性和年龄特异性上。其次,本研究未将儿童的营养素养水平、膳食结构、身体活动水平等因素纳入考量,未来研究应致力于扩大样本来源的地域范围和儿童年龄范围,并综合评估儿童自身营养素养及生活方式因素对其NAFLD的影响。此外,本研究未使用肝活检进行NAFLD的诊断,无法从病因和病理学上对NAFLD进行分类[22],存在一定的局限性。
综上所述,照护者的营养素养水平对儿童NAFLD患病率的影响无统计学意义,但在调节儿童空腹血糖等代谢指标方面具有积极作用。这一发现强调了提高照护者营养素养水平在预防儿童NAFLD相关代谢风险中的作用;但同时也指出,单纯依靠营养教育不足以逆转NAFLD的疾病进程,需在结合饮食调整、运动干预等多元化策略的同时,将营养知识有效运用于实践中,这将是未来家庭干预措施的重点内容。2020年《儿童青少年肥胖防控实施方案》及2024年《中小学生超重肥胖公共卫生综合防控技术导则》中,均提出要提高父母及照护者的营养健康素养,塑造良好的家庭食物环境[23-24],未来应持续优化家庭营养教育,尤其要提供符合当地食物供应种类的具体操作指南,共同促进儿童健康行为与生活方式的养成,为儿童NAFLD的预防与治疗提供坚实的支撑。
  • 浙江省卫生健康重大科技计划项目(WKJ-ZJ-2216);宁波市公益性科技计划项目(2022S182);唐仲英基金会(2022-B126)
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2025年第46卷第4期
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doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025102
  • 接收时间:2024-11-20
  • 首发时间:2026-11-06
  • 出版时间:2025-04-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-11-20
  • 修回日期:2025-02-17
基金
浙江省卫生健康重大科技计划项目(WKJ-ZJ-2216);宁波市公益性科技计划项目(2022S182);唐仲英基金会(2022-B126)
作者信息
    1北京大学公共卫生学院妇幼卫生学系, 北京 100191
    2宁波大学附属第一医院内分泌科
    3宁波大学附属第一医院慢病管理办公室健康生活方式研究中心

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王辉,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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