Article(id=1325502080986775864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, issueId=1325501865651216714, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025097, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1735747200000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-02, revisedDate=1739289600000, revisedDateStr=2025-02-12, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793953922744, onlineDateStr=2026-11-06, pubDate=1745510400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793953922744, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793953922744, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793953922744, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1325501865651216714, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, year='2025', volume='46', issue='4', pageStart='457', pageEnd='572 578', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1745510400000', pubDateStr='2025-04-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793953871404, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793953871404, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=519, endPage=523, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1325502083977314617, articleId=1325502080986775864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=EN, title=Analysis of influencing factors for maternal intentions to vaccinate age-appropriate girls against human papillomavirus, columnId=1259565859148804482, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of School Health, columnName=Health Education and Promotion, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the intentions of mothers of age-appropriate girls in Qingdao to vaccinate their daughters against human papillomavirus (HPV), so as to provide theoretical guidance for targeted health education in the future.

Methods

A multi-stage random sampling method was adopted to conduct a cross-sectional study among 2 244 mothers of girls aged 12-14 years in Qingdao from March to December 2023. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for group comparisons, and Logistic regression was performed to analyze the factors that influenced maternal intention to vaccinate their age-appropriate daughters against HPV.

Results

Among the surveyed mothers, 89.22% (n=2 002) intended to vaccinate their daughters against HPV, and 68.58% (n=1 539) had fully vaccinated or had plans to complete it for themselves. The knowledge score of mothers intended to vaccinate their daughters was 10 (8, 11). The multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that mothers aged >45 years (OR=0.19), those with an annual family income of 60 000- < 150 000 yuan (OR=0.65), 150 000-<300 000 yuan (OR=0.58), 300 000-500 000 yuan (OR=0.22), and those with higher knowledge scores (OR=0.90) were more likely to vaccinate their daughters (P<0.05). Mothers with a junior college or undergraduate degree (OR=1.66), those who never or occasionally screened for HPV (OR=1.58), those who were intended to be vaccinated, not planning to complete the full-course vaccination, or over-aged and unvaccinated (OR=7.13), those who were not concerned about their daughters' HPV infection (OR=2.54), and those whose daughters were not in adolescence (OR=1.93) were less intended to vaccinate their daughters (P<0.05). The primary reasons for vaccine hesitancy were vaccine safety concerns (65.06%), followed by the belief of mothers that "the children is to young, and can be vaccinated when they are older" (13.25%).

Conclusions

Mothers of eligible girls in Qingdao have relatively higher intentions to vaccinate their daughters against HPV, and willingness is influenced by factors such as the mother's vaccination status, knowledge level, and daughter's development stage. It is recommended to strengthen targeted health education, improve the cognitive level and acceptance of mother, and increase the vaccination rate of HPV vaccines.

, authors=Xiaofei* QIU1, Xiao KANG1, Wenwen ZHUANG2, Riyue GAO3, Delei ZHANG4, Yanyan SHAO5, Xuedan LI*, 6, Feng YANG*, 1, authorsList=Xiaofei* QIU, Xiao KANG, Wenwen ZHUANG, Riyue GAO, Delei ZHANG, Yanyan SHAO, Xuedan LI, Feng YANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xuedan LI, Feng YANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Chinese Journal of School Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1325502086527451450, articleId=1325502080986775864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=CN, title=母亲为适龄女生接种人乳头瘤病毒疫苗意愿影响因素分析, columnId=1259565859903779205, journalTitle=中国学校卫生, columnName=健康教育与健康促进, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

了解青岛市母亲为适龄女生接种人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)的意愿及影响因素,为开展有针对性的健康教育提供理论基础。

方法

采用多阶段随机抽样方法,于2023年3—12月选取青岛市2 244名12~14岁初中女生的母亲开展横断面研究。采用Mann-Whitney U检验比较组间差异以及Logistic回归分析母亲为适龄女儿接种HPV疫苗意愿影响因素。

结果

愿意为女儿接种HPV疫苗的母亲有2 002名(89.22%),自身已全程接种或准备全程接种的母亲1 539名(68.58%),愿意为女儿接种的母亲认知得分为10(8,11)分。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,>45岁(OR=0.19)、家庭年总收入(6~<15)万元(OR=0.65)、(15~<30)万元(OR=0.58)、(30~50)万元(OR=0.22)、认知得分越高(OR=0.90)的母亲更愿意为女儿接种;学历为大专或本科(OR=1.66)、从不进行HPV筛查或偶尔筛查(OR=1.58)、不愿意接种、不准备全程接种或超龄未接种(OR=7.13)、不担心女儿感染(OR=2.54)、女儿处于非青春期(OR=1.93)的母亲更不愿意为女儿接种(P值均<0.05)。不愿意接种的主要原因是担心疫苗安全(65.06%),其次为母亲认为“孩子年龄太小,长大后再接种”(13.25%)。

结论

青岛市适龄女生母亲为女儿接种HPV疫苗意愿较高,意愿受母亲自身接种情况、认知水平、女儿发育时期等因素影响。建议加强针对性健康教育,提高母亲认知水平和接受程度,提升HPV疫苗接种率。

, authors=邱晓菲1, 康晓1, 庄文文2, 高日月3, 张德磊4, 邵燕燕5, 李雪丹*, 6, 杨峰*, 1, authorsList=邱晓菲, 康晓, 庄文文, 高日月, 张德磊, 邵燕燕, 李雪丹, 杨峰, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=李雪丹, 杨峰, authorNote=

邱晓菲(1991-),女,山东青岛人,硕士,主管医师,主要从事免疫规划工作

, correspAuthorsNote=
杨峰,E-mail:
李雪丹,E-mail:
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邱晓菲(1991-),女,山东青岛人,硕士,主管医师,主要从事免疫规划工作

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(in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325502156647825827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325502080986775864, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=26, rfOrder=28, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=高士锐, 所佳宁, 焦阳, 等. 2024年黑龙江省9-18岁女孩父母人乳头瘤病毒及其疫苗相关知识和为女孩接种疫苗意愿调查[J]. 中国疫苗和免疫, 2024, 30(6): 703-707., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325502158640120228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325502080986775864, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=26, rfOrder=29, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GAO S R, SUO J N, JIAO Y, et al. Parents' knowledge about human papillomavirus (HPV)/HPV vaccine and their willingness for HPV vaccination of 9-18-year-old girls in Heilongjiang Province in 2024[J]. Chin J Vaccines Immun, 2024, 30(6): 703-707. (in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325502159059550629, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325502080986775864, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=27, rfOrder=30, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=THOMPSON E L, ROSEN B L, VAMOS C A, et al. Human papillomavirus vaccination: what are the reasons for nonvaccination among U.S. adolescents?[J]. J Adolesc Health, 2017, 61(3): 288-293., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325502159399289254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325502080986775864, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=28, rfOrder=31, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PERKINS R B, CLARK J A. Providers' perceptions of parental concerns about HPV vaccination[J]. 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Univariate analysis of mothers' intentions to vaccinate their daughters against HPV(n=2 244)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别选项人数有意愿人数报告率/%OR值(95%CI)P值
年龄/岁≤451 8691 65988.761.00
>4537534391.470.74(0.49~1.07)0.13
民族汉族2 1951 96089.291.00
其他494285.711.39(0.57~2.94)0.43
文化程度中学及以下1 4691 31089.181.00
大专或本科70963289.141.00(0.75~1.34)0.98
硕士及以上666090.910.82(0.31~1.79)0.66
职业服务业人员24722892.311.00
自由职业者11610893.100.89(0.36~2.03)0.79
工厂工人16714586.831.82(0.95~3.51)0.07
公司职员56551090.271.29(0.76~2.28)0.35
商人或公司负责人17315891.331.14(0.55~2.30)0.72
事业单位/公务员/政府人员897786.521.87(0.85~3.99)0.11
医务人员756789.331.43(0.57~3.32)0.42
教师928592.390.99(0.38~2.34)0.98
家庭主妇30626686.931.81(1.03~3.27)0.04
其他41435886.471.88(1.11~3.32)0.02
婚姻状况已婚2 1271 90189.371.00
离异或丧偶11710186.321.33(0.75~2.24)0.30
家庭年总收入/万元< 660050484.001.00
6~ < 1590281390.130.58(0.42~0.78)< 0.01
15~ < 3051146891.590.48(0.33~0.70)< 0.01
30~5015114596.030.22(0.08~0.47)< 0.01
>50807290.000.58(0.25~1.18)0.17
家庭居住地类型城市1 6451 47889.851.00
农村59952487.481.27(0.94~1.69)0.11
女儿发育时期青春期1 9941 79690.071.00
非青春期25020682.401.94(1.34~2.75)< 0.01
宫颈癌家族史有373594.591.00
无2 2071 96789.132.14(0.65~13.20)0.30
HPV筛查频率定期筛查62558192.961.00
从不筛查或偶尔筛查1 6191 42187.771.84(1.32~2.62)< 0.01
HPV感染情况感染过或正在感染504590.001.00
未感染或不清楚2 1941 95789.201.09(0.47~3.17)0.86
母亲疫苗接种情况已全程接种或准备全程接种1 5391 44794.021.00
不愿意接种、不准备全程接种或超龄未接种70555578.724.25(3.23~5.63)< 0.01
是否担心女儿感染担心1 9251 75891.321.00
不担心31924476.493.24(2.38~4.37)< 0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1325502127560327553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325502080986775864, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

母亲为女儿接种HPV疫苗意愿的单因素分析(n=2 244)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别选项人数有意愿人数报告率/%OR值(95%CI)P值
年龄/岁≤451 8691 65988.761.00
>4537534391.470.74(0.49~1.07)0.13
民族汉族2 1951 96089.291.00
其他494285.711.39(0.57~2.94)0.43
文化程度中学及以下1 4691 31089.181.00
大专或本科70963289.141.00(0.75~1.34)0.98
硕士及以上666090.910.82(0.31~1.79)0.66
职业服务业人员24722892.311.00
自由职业者11610893.100.89(0.36~2.03)0.79
工厂工人16714586.831.82(0.95~3.51)0.07
公司职员56551090.271.29(0.76~2.28)0.35
商人或公司负责人17315891.331.14(0.55~2.30)0.72
事业单位/公务员/政府人员897786.521.87(0.85~3.99)0.11
医务人员756789.331.43(0.57~3.32)0.42
教师928592.390.99(0.38~2.34)0.98
家庭主妇30626686.931.81(1.03~3.27)0.04
其他41435886.471.88(1.11~3.32)0.02
婚姻状况已婚2 1271 90189.371.00
离异或丧偶11710186.321.33(0.75~2.24)0.30
家庭年总收入/万元< 660050484.001.00
6~ < 1590281390.130.58(0.42~0.78)< 0.01
15~ < 3051146891.590.48(0.33~0.70)< 0.01
30~5015114596.030.22(0.08~0.47)< 0.01
>50807290.000.58(0.25~1.18)0.17
家庭居住地类型城市1 6451 47889.851.00
农村59952487.481.27(0.94~1.69)0.11
女儿发育时期青春期1 9941 79690.071.00
非青春期25020682.401.94(1.34~2.75)< 0.01
宫颈癌家族史有373594.591.00
无2 2071 96789.132.14(0.65~13.20)0.30
HPV筛查频率定期筛查62558192.961.00
从不筛查或偶尔筛查1 6191 42187.771.84(1.32~2.62)< 0.01
HPV感染情况感染过或正在感染504590.001.00
未感染或不清楚2 1941 95789.201.09(0.47~3.17)0.86
母亲疫苗接种情况已全程接种或准备全程接种1 5391 44794.021.00
不愿意接种、不准备全程接种或超龄未接种70555578.724.25(3.23~5.63)< 0.01
是否担心女儿感染担心1 9251 75891.321.00
不担心31924476.493.24(2.38~4.37)< 0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1325502127996535170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325502080986775864, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Multivariate analysis of mothers' intentions to vaccinate their daughters against HPV(n=2 244)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
自变量选项β值标准误Wald χ2值OR值(95%CI)P值
年龄/岁≤451.00
>45-1.670.2353.910.19(0.12~0.29)< 0.01
文化程度中学及以下1.00
大专或本科0.510.206.521.66(1.12~2.46)0.01
硕士及以上0.320.550.331.37(0.43~3.77)0.56
家庭年总收入/万元<61.00
6~<15-0.440.185.920.65(0.45~0.92)0.02
15~<30-0.550.245.490.58(0.36~0.91)0.02
30~50-1.530.4710.450.22(0.08~0.51)<0.01
>50-0.610.491.590.54(0.20~1.34)0.21
女儿发育时期青春期1.00
非青春期0.660.2110.251.93(1.28~2.86)<0.01
HPV筛查频率定期筛查1.00
从不筛查或偶尔筛查0.460.214.931.58(1.06~2.39)0.03
母亲疫苗接种情况已全程接种或准备全程接种1.00
不愿意接种、不准备全程接种或超龄未接种1.960.17137.907.13(5.14~9.91)<0.01
是否担心女儿感染担心1.00
不担心0.930.1827.812.54(1.79~3.59)<0.01
认知得分-0.110.0313.550.90(0.84~0.95)<0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1325502128462102915, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325502080986775864, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

母亲为女儿接种HPV疫苗意愿的多因素分析(n=2 244)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
自变量选项β值标准误Wald χ2值OR值(95%CI)P值
年龄/岁≤451.00
>45-1.670.2353.910.19(0.12~0.29)< 0.01
文化程度中学及以下1.00
大专或本科0.510.206.521.66(1.12~2.46)0.01
硕士及以上0.320.550.331.37(0.43~3.77)0.56
家庭年总收入/万元<61.00
6~<15-0.440.185.920.65(0.45~0.92)0.02
15~<30-0.550.245.490.58(0.36~0.91)0.02
30~50-1.530.4710.450.22(0.08~0.51)<0.01
>50-0.610.491.590.54(0.20~1.34)0.21
女儿发育时期青春期1.00
非青春期0.660.2110.251.93(1.28~2.86)<0.01
HPV筛查频率定期筛查1.00
从不筛查或偶尔筛查0.460.214.931.58(1.06~2.39)0.03
母亲疫苗接种情况已全程接种或准备全程接种1.00
不愿意接种、不准备全程接种或超龄未接种1.960.17137.907.13(5.14~9.91)<0.01
是否担心女儿感染担心1.00
不担心0.930.1827.812.54(1.79~3.59)<0.01
认知得分-0.110.0313.550.90(0.84~0.95)<0.01
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母亲为适龄女生接种人乳头瘤病毒疫苗意愿影响因素分析
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邱晓菲 1 , 康晓 1 , 庄文文 2 , 高日月 3 , 张德磊 4 , 邵燕燕 5 , 李雪丹 *, 6 , 杨峰 *, 1
中国学校卫生 | 健康教育与健康促进 2025,46(4): 519-523
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中国学校卫生 |健康教育与健康促进 2025 , 46 (4) : 519 -523
母亲为适龄女生接种人乳头瘤病毒疫苗意愿影响因素分析
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邱晓菲1, 康晓1, 庄文文2, 高日月3, 张德磊4, 邵燕燕5, 李雪丹*, 6 , 杨峰*, 1
作者信息
  • 1青岛市疾病预防控制中心,山东 266000
  • 2胶州市疾病预防控制中心
  • 3莱西市疾病预防控制中心
  • 4青岛西海岸新区疾病预防控制中心
  • 5莱西市妇幼保健计划生育服务中心
  • 6青岛市崂山区疾病预防控制中心
通讯作者:
杨峰,E-mail:
李雪丹,E-mail:
作者简介:

邱晓菲(1991-),女,山东青岛人,硕士,主管医师,主要从事免疫规划工作

Analysis of influencing factors for maternal intentions to vaccinate age-appropriate girls against human papillomavirus
Xiaofei* QIU1, Xiao KANG1, Wenwen ZHUANG2, Riyue GAO3, Delei ZHANG4, Yanyan SHAO5, Xuedan LI*, 6 , Feng YANG*, 1
Affiliations
  • 1*Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao (266000), Shandong Province, China
出版时间: 2025-04-25 doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025097
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目的

了解青岛市母亲为适龄女生接种人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)的意愿及影响因素,为开展有针对性的健康教育提供理论基础。

方法

采用多阶段随机抽样方法,于2023年3—12月选取青岛市2 244名12~14岁初中女生的母亲开展横断面研究。采用Mann-Whitney U检验比较组间差异以及Logistic回归分析母亲为适龄女儿接种HPV疫苗意愿影响因素。

结果

愿意为女儿接种HPV疫苗的母亲有2 002名(89.22%),自身已全程接种或准备全程接种的母亲1 539名(68.58%),愿意为女儿接种的母亲认知得分为10(8,11)分。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,>45岁(OR=0.19)、家庭年总收入(6~<15)万元(OR=0.65)、(15~<30)万元(OR=0.58)、(30~50)万元(OR=0.22)、认知得分越高(OR=0.90)的母亲更愿意为女儿接种;学历为大专或本科(OR=1.66)、从不进行HPV筛查或偶尔筛查(OR=1.58)、不愿意接种、不准备全程接种或超龄未接种(OR=7.13)、不担心女儿感染(OR=2.54)、女儿处于非青春期(OR=1.93)的母亲更不愿意为女儿接种(P值均<0.05)。不愿意接种的主要原因是担心疫苗安全(65.06%),其次为母亲认为“孩子年龄太小,长大后再接种”(13.25%)。

结论

青岛市适龄女生母亲为女儿接种HPV疫苗意愿较高,意愿受母亲自身接种情况、认知水平、女儿发育时期等因素影响。建议加强针对性健康教育,提高母亲认知水平和接受程度,提升HPV疫苗接种率。

母亲  /  乳头状瘤病毒疫苗  /  态度  /  回归分析  /  学生  /  女(雌)性
Objective

To investigate the intentions of mothers of age-appropriate girls in Qingdao to vaccinate their daughters against human papillomavirus (HPV), so as to provide theoretical guidance for targeted health education in the future.

Methods

A multi-stage random sampling method was adopted to conduct a cross-sectional study among 2 244 mothers of girls aged 12-14 years in Qingdao from March to December 2023. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for group comparisons, and Logistic regression was performed to analyze the factors that influenced maternal intention to vaccinate their age-appropriate daughters against HPV.

Results

Among the surveyed mothers, 89.22% (n=2 002) intended to vaccinate their daughters against HPV, and 68.58% (n=1 539) had fully vaccinated or had plans to complete it for themselves. The knowledge score of mothers intended to vaccinate their daughters was 10 (8, 11). The multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that mothers aged >45 years (OR=0.19), those with an annual family income of 60 000- < 150 000 yuan (OR=0.65), 150 000-<300 000 yuan (OR=0.58), 300 000-500 000 yuan (OR=0.22), and those with higher knowledge scores (OR=0.90) were more likely to vaccinate their daughters (P<0.05). Mothers with a junior college or undergraduate degree (OR=1.66), those who never or occasionally screened for HPV (OR=1.58), those who were intended to be vaccinated, not planning to complete the full-course vaccination, or over-aged and unvaccinated (OR=7.13), those who were not concerned about their daughters' HPV infection (OR=2.54), and those whose daughters were not in adolescence (OR=1.93) were less intended to vaccinate their daughters (P<0.05). The primary reasons for vaccine hesitancy were vaccine safety concerns (65.06%), followed by the belief of mothers that "the children is to young, and can be vaccinated when they are older" (13.25%).

Conclusions

Mothers of eligible girls in Qingdao have relatively higher intentions to vaccinate their daughters against HPV, and willingness is influenced by factors such as the mother's vaccination status, knowledge level, and daughter's development stage. It is recommended to strengthen targeted health education, improve the cognitive level and acceptance of mother, and increase the vaccination rate of HPV vaccines.

Mothers  /  Papillomavirus vaccines  /  Attitude  /  Regression analysis  /  Students  /  Female
邱晓菲, 康晓, 庄文文, 高日月, 张德磊, 邵燕燕, 李雪丹, 杨峰. 母亲为适龄女生接种人乳头瘤病毒疫苗意愿影响因素分析. 中国学校卫生, 2025 , 46 (4) : 519 -523 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025097
Xiaofei* QIU, Xiao KANG, Wenwen ZHUANG, Riyue GAO, Delei ZHANG, Yanyan SHAO, Xuedan LI, Feng YANG. Analysis of influencing factors for maternal intentions to vaccinate age-appropriate girls against human papillomavirus[J]. Chinese Journal of School Health, 2025 , 46 (4) : 519 -523 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025097
宫颈癌是女性常见的恶性肿瘤之一。近年来,宫颈癌的发病呈低龄化趋势,严重影响女性健康[1-2]。高危型人乳头瘤病毒(human papillomavirus, HPV)的持续感染是引起宫颈癌的主要原因之一,约有70%的宫颈癌与HPV16和18型密切相关[3],此外HPV还可能与肛门癌、阴道癌等有关[4-5]。Meta分析结果显示,我国女性HPV总感染率为84.37%[6]。接种HPV疫苗被广泛认为是预防HPV感染的有效手段。多项研究表明,9~14岁没有性生活的女生接种HPV疫苗可以达到较好预防效果[7]。为积极消除宫颈癌,青岛市将适龄女生(新进入七年级且无HPV疫苗接种史的女生)免费接种国产双价HPV疫苗纳入市办实事。但是HPV疫苗接种遵从自愿原则,母亲为女儿接种的意愿对女生接种行为影响至关重要[8]。本调查对符合免费接种HPV疫苗条件的女生母亲进行横断面调查,评估相关指标与接种意愿的关联,分析其影响因素,为今后开展有针对性的健康教育和正确引导提供理论基础。
2023年3—12月,采用多阶段随机抽样方法,通过抽签法抽取青岛市24所初中学校,每所学校抽取2~5个班级,将抽取的所有班级女生的母亲作为参与者,女生年龄为12~14岁。初始样本共2 899名母亲,经严格筛查,排除数据质量欠佳、存在漏答多项关键问题、随意作答的问卷和拒不配合调查者,最终2 244名母亲纳入研究。其中≤45岁者1 869名,占83.29%;中学及以下文化程度1 469名,占65.46%;女儿已处于青春期者1 994名(88.86%),非青春期者250名(11.14%);母亲定期进行HPV筛查者625名(27.85%),从不筛查或偶尔筛查者1 619名(72.15%)。本次调查均获得调查女生和母亲的知情同意,并获得青岛市疾病预防控制中心医学伦理委员会批准(批号:2023审字第16号)。
问卷题目涉及母亲的一般特征(年龄、民族、文化程度、职业、婚姻状况、家庭年总收入、家庭居住地类型、女儿发育时期、宫颈癌家族史、HPV筛查频率、HPV感染情况、母亲疫苗接种情况、是否担心女儿感染、认知得分等)、对HPV和疫苗的认识、对HPV疫苗的态度和接受程度、为女儿接种疫苗的意愿等,其中认知得分共13题,每题1分,答对得1分,答错0分,得分0~13分,涉及宫颈癌病因、HPV传播途径、HPV感染的预防、HPV疫苗的种类和接种程序等;对不愿意为女儿接种HPV疫苗的母亲,设置开放式问题“不愿意的原因”。问卷通过“问卷星”网络在线发放,对调查员进行统一培训,问卷填写设置严格的逻辑控制,对回收的问卷进行复核和质量按制。本研究中该问卷的Cronbach α系数为0.703。
所有统计分析均使用R软件v4.3.0。对母亲认知得分进行正态性检验,为非正态分布,以中位数和四分位数表示,组间差异采用Mann-Whitney U检验比较。计数资料用频数或百分率描述。接种意愿作为因变量(愿意=0,不愿意=1),一般特征、母亲HPV筛查频率、HPV感染情况、母亲疫苗接种情况、是否担心女儿感染等作为自变量进行Logistic回归,以分析母亲为女儿接种意愿的影响因素。双侧检验水准α=0.05。
2 244名母亲中,有意愿为女儿接种者为2 002名(89.22%)。母亲已全程接种或准备全程接种者1 539名(68.58%),不愿意接种、不准备全程接种或超龄未接种者705名(31.42%)。愿意为女儿接种的母亲认知得分为10(8, 11)分,不愿意的母亲认知得分为9(6,11)分,经Mann-Whitney U检验,为女儿接种者持有不同意愿的母亲之间认知得分差异有统计学意义(Z=5.76,P<0.05)。不同职业、家庭年总收入、女儿发育时期、HPV筛查频率、母亲疫苗接种情况及是否担心女儿感染的母亲为女儿接种意愿报告率差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。其中,与家庭年总收入<6万元者相比,(6~<15)万元、(15~<30)万元、(30~50)万元者接种意愿较高;与服务业人员相比,家庭主妇和其他职业者接种意愿较低(P值均<0.05)。与女儿处于青春期者相比,女儿处于非青春期者为女儿接种意愿较低;从不进行HPV筛查或偶尔筛查者,不愿意接种、不准备全程接种或超龄未接种HPV疫苗者,不担心女儿感染HPV者,均更倾向于不愿意为女儿接种HPV疫苗(P值均<0.05)。见表1。
Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄>45岁(OR=0.19)、家庭年总收入为(6~<15)万元(OR=0.65)、(15~<30)万元(OR=0.58)、(30~50)万元(OR=0.22)、认知得分越高(OR=0.90)的母亲更愿意为女儿接种HPV疫苗;而学历为大专或本科(OR=1.66),从不进行HPV筛查或偶尔筛查(OR=1.58),不愿意接种、不准备全程接种或超龄未接种HPV疫苗(OR=7.13),不担心女儿感染(OR=2.54),女儿非青春期(OR=1.93)的母亲更倾向于不愿意为女儿接种(P值均<0.05)。见表2。
在242名不愿意为女儿接种HPV疫苗的母亲中,开放式问题“不愿意接种的原因”应答83名。65.06%(54名)的母亲担心疫苗安全,13.25%(11名)的母亲认为“孩子年龄太小,长大后再接种”,9.64%(8名)的母亲担心疫苗效果,7.23%(6名)有疫苗接种禁忌,4.82%(4名)不知道HPV疫苗。
宫颈癌发病与高危型HPV持续感染相关,HPV疫苗是一种经济有效的预防方式[9]。世界卫生组织提出,到2030年,90%的女生在15岁前完成HPV疫苗接种[10]。既往研究表明,HPV疫苗在青春期具有极佳的安全性和较强的免疫反应[11]。全球已有126个WHO成员国引入HPV疫苗接种计划[12],我国多地也为适龄女生免费接种HPV疫苗[13]。但有关数据显示,我国女生HPV疫苗接种率可能远低于WHO的目标[13-14],因此促进女生接种迫在眉睫。虽然医务人员和学校可能影响女生的疫苗接种,但母亲在女生疫苗接种中发挥的重要作用同样不容忽视[15]。
一项Meta分析发现,对接种HPV疫苗有了解、持积极态度和愿意为子女接种疫苗的母亲的综合估计比例分别为38%,58%和74%[16]。本研究中母亲为女儿接种HPV疫苗意愿率为89.22%,与国内研究结果相似[17-18],但高于日本等国家的研究结果[19-20],可能与地域间人口特征、文化差异、经济状况等有关。
本研究结果显示,母亲为女儿接种HPV疫苗意愿受多种因素影响,包括母亲的年龄、文化程度、家庭年总收入、女儿发育时期、HPV筛查频率、母亲疫苗接种情况以及对女儿感染HPV的担忧程度和认知情况。社会人口因素对接种疫苗意愿的决定作用已在其他研究中得到证实[21],在教育和收入方面,与上海的研究结果相似[17];与中学及以下文化程度的母亲相比,大专和本科的母亲接种意愿更低,但与硕士及以上学历者无明显差别,推测接受更高教育水平的母亲可能有更多的考量。多项研究显示,收入越高,接种意愿越高,免费疫苗的接受率与付费接种的疫苗接受率之间的差距也间接证明了该点[21-22],因此提供免费HPV疫苗可能对提高疫苗覆盖率非常重要[23]。值得关注的是,青春期女生的母亲更愿意为其接种HPV疫苗,青春期女孩的免疫系统相对活跃但也尚未完全成熟,对病毒的抵抗力相可能对较弱[24],出于对女儿健康的担忧,更倾向于让女儿尽早接种HPV疫苗,以获得有效的免疫保护。
母亲HPV疫苗接种情况与为女儿接种的意愿呈正相关,不愿意接种、不准备全程接种或超龄未接种的母亲也更不愿意为女儿接种疫苗,与得克萨斯州的研究结果一致[23]。母亲自身对HPV疫苗的接受程度和实际接种行为,可能会影响她们为女儿做出的接种决策,准备全程接种或已全程接种的母亲,可能更能认识到HPV疫苗在预防疾病方面的重要性,对疫苗的安全性和有效性有更直观的感受,进而更愿意为女儿提供同样的健康保障。本研究还发现,父母的认知对孩子的接种率影响至关重要[25],认知得分更高的父母为女儿接种疫苗的意愿越强[26],女儿处于青春期和担心女儿感染的母亲更倾向于为女儿接种疫苗。Mihretie等[20]研究结果显示,惧怕HPV感染的母亲为孩子接种HPV疫苗的可能性是不惧怕感染者的2.29倍。此外,定期筛查HPV的母亲可能有较好的健康管理习惯,推测她们注重自身健康的同时,可能会将健康意识延伸到女儿健康呵护上,更愿意为女儿疫苗。提示做好母亲的宣传教育、倡导母亲接种HPV疫苗、做好定期筛查和健康管理,可能是提高女生HPV疫苗接种率有效方法。
此外,本研究调查的部分母亲不愿意为女儿接种疫苗的原因主要包括“担心疫苗安全”“认为孩子年龄太小而推迟接种”等,12~14岁的女生母亲可能更关注疫苗的安全性和长期效果[8, 17],以及对疫苗可能促使女儿过早或不安全性行为的担忧[27-28]。提示健康教育工作要加强对HPV疫苗安全性的解释,强调适龄接种的重要性,提高母亲对疫苗的信心和为女儿接种的意愿。
但本研究仍存在部分局限性:首先,研究仅选取部分初中女生的母亲作为研究对象,样本量有限,结论外推到全部女生时可能存在偏差。其次,研究分析的影响因素有限,还有混杂因素存在,如医疗保健服务的可及性也会影响研究结果。为更全面地了解母亲为女儿接种HPV疫苗的影响,后续仍需完善调查问卷并开展大样本的调查。
综上所述,具有定期筛查、已全程接种或准备全程接种HPV疫苗、对HPV和疫苗有较高认知水平、女儿青春期等因素的母亲可能更愿意为女儿接种HPV疫苗,为未来制定针对性的健康教育策略和宣传科普工作提供了有力工具,对其他群体的接种意愿影响因素研究也有一定的参考意义。
  • 山东省医药卫生科技项目(202312030958)
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2025年第46卷第4期
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doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025097
  • 接收时间:2025-01-02
  • 首发时间:2026-11-06
  • 出版时间:2025-04-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-02
  • 修回日期:2025-02-12
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山东省医药卫生科技项目(202312030958)
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    1青岛市疾病预防控制中心,山东 266000
    2胶州市疾病预防控制中心
    3莱西市疾病预防控制中心
    4青岛西海岸新区疾病预防控制中心
    5莱西市妇幼保健计划生育服务中心
    6青岛市崂山区疾病预防控制中心

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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species
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Percentage of
total species (%)
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种数
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species
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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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