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Article(id=1325502016822321225, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, issueId=1325501865651216714, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025127, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1731513600000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-14, revisedDate=1739548800000, revisedDateStr=2025-02-15, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793953907447, onlineDateStr=2026-11-06, pubDate=1745510400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793953907447, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793953907447, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793953907447, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1325501865651216714, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, year='2025', volume='46', issue='4', pageStart='457', pageEnd='572 578', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1745510400000', pubDateStr='2025-04-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793953871404, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793953871404, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=504, endPage=508, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1325502017958977610, articleId=1325502016822321225, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=EN, title=Effect of zero-time exercise intervention on physical activity levels and sedentary behavior among college students, columnId=1259565859148804482, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of School Health, columnName=Health Education and Promotion, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the effects of a zero-time exercise (ZTEx) intervention on physical activity levels and sedentary behavior among college students, providing evidence for improving physical activity and reducing sedentary habits.

Methods

In September 2023, 45 sedentary college students from a university in Fuzhou were recruited and randomly assigned to either the ZTEx group (23 students) or the control group (22 students) according to a random number table method. ZTEx group received two ZTEx focus group meetings for 3 months, while the control group received safety and health education. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire and a three-axis accelerometer were used to evaluate the sedentary and physical activity levels of college students. At the same time, evaluations related to physical health and psychological questionnaires were completed. Mixed effects analysis of variance and non-parametric tests were used to statistically analyze the physical health, psychological questionnaire, and sedentary and physical activity data of the college students.

Results

Post-intervention, the ZTEx group showed significant improvements in the duration of low-intensity physical activity [pre-test(1 492.78±369.50)min; post-test(1 918.93±354.63)min] and the number of sedentary interruptions [pre-test(45.26±13.69)times; post-test(73.78±16.74)times]; grip strength [pre-test(28.77±9.23)kg; post-test(31.78±8.00)kg]; sitting up continuously for 30 seconds [pre-test(22.52±4.90)times; post-test(26.96±4.87)times]; general self-efficacy [pre-test(26.52±4.14)points; post-test(32.96±5.24)points]; body composition summary [pre-test(66.44±4.83)points; post-test(72.62±4.88)points]; and psychological composition summary [pre-test(61.21±9.88)points; post-test(63.98±9.57)points], while reducing sedentary time [pre-test(3 694.28±687.56)min; post-test(2 865.90±493.81)min] in the past 7 days, the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). The control group exhibited no significant changes(P>0.05).

Conclusion

ZTEx effectively improve the low-intensity physical activity, increases sedentary breaks, and reduces prolonged sitting among college students, fostering healthier habits and improving physical/mental well-being.

, authors=Jingsong WANG, Rao FU, Shen WANG, Chuangtao LI, authorsList=Jingsong WANG, Rao FU, Shen WANG, Chuangtao LI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Chinese Journal of School Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1325502020907573323, articleId=1325502016822321225, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=CN, title=零时间运动干预对大学生身体活动水平和久坐行为的影响, columnId=1259565859903779205, journalTitle=中国学校卫生, columnName=健康教育与健康促进, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探讨零时间运动(ZTEx)干预对大学生身体活动水平和久坐行为的影响，为有效提高大学生身体活动水平、减少久坐行为提供参考。

方法

2023年9月，在福州市招募某高校45名久坐大学生，按照随机数字表法分为ZTEx组(23名)和对照组(22名)；2023年10月—2024年1月，ZTEx组接受为期3个月共2次的焦点小组会议，对照组进行安全健康教育。在干预前后，分别采用国际体力活动问卷和三轴加速度计对大学生久坐和身体活动水平进行测评，同时完成有关身体健康和心理问卷的评估。采用混合效应方差分析和非参数检验对大学生身体健康、心理问卷、久坐和身体活动数据进行统计分析。

结果

干预后，过去7 d ZTEx组大学生提高了低强度身体活动时长[前测(1 492.78±369.50)min；后测(1 918.93±354.63)min]、久坐间断次数[前测(45.26±13.69)次；后测(73.78±16.74)次]、握力[前测(28.77±9.23)kg；后测(31.78±8.00)kg]、30 s连续坐起[前测(22.52±4.90)次；后测(26.96±4.87)次]、一般自我效能感[前测(26.52±4.14)分；后测(32.96±5.24)分]、身体成分总结[前测(66.44±4.83)分；后测(72.62±4.88)分]、心理成分总结[前测(61.21±9.88)分；后测(63.98±9.57)分]，同时降低其久坐时长[前测(3 694.28±687.56)min；后测(2 865.90±493.81)min]，差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.01)。干预前后，对照组身体活动及健康指标均无明显变化(P值均>0.05)。

结论

ZTEx可以有效提高久坐大学生的低强度身体活动水平和久坐间断次数并减少久坐行为，进一步促成大学生良好运动习惯的培养，提高身体和心理健康水平。

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王静松(1994-)，男，山东招远人，在读博士，主要研究方向为运动心理学

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Sleep Med, 2018, 52: 118-127., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1325502022618849356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325502016822321225, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325502022635626573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325502016822321225, companyId=1325502022618849356, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Sports Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou (350000), Fujian Province, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325502022660792398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325502016822321225, companyId=1325502022618849356, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=福建师范大学体育科学学院，福州 350000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1325502033540817004, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325502016822321225, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Comparison of sedentary and physical activity indicators among college students in the past 7 days before and after intervention(x±s)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别干预前后人数久坐时长/minLPA时长/minMPA时长/minVPA时长/min久坐间断次数/次
对照组干预前223 786.32±1 416.551 465.82±1 143.10146.32±112.100.42(0.00，7.29)45.45±18.47
干预后223 742.15±925.841 492.13±1 161.04123.40±23.370.92(0.00，7.29)44.77±19.74
ZTEx组干预前233 694.28±687.561 492.78±369.50131.57±33.342.50(2.00，5.00)45.26±13.69
干预后232 865.90±493.81ab1 918.93±354.63ab154.03±131.801.67(0.50，4.83)73.78±16.74ab
F组间值4.70*0.960.120.0210.62**
F时间值6.64*5.24*0.000.6127.83**
F组间×时间值5.36*4.05*1.100.0030.62**
), ArticleFig(id=1325502033616314477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325502016822321225, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

大学生干预前后过去7 d久坐和身体活动指标比较(x±s)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别干预前后人数久坐时长/minLPA时长/minMPA时长/minVPA时长/min久坐间断次数/次
对照组干预前223 786.32±1 416.551 465.82±1 143.10146.32±112.100.42(0.00，7.29)45.45±18.47
干预后223 742.15±925.841 492.13±1 161.04123.40±23.370.92(0.00，7.29)44.77±19.74
ZTEx组干预前233 694.28±687.561 492.78±369.50131.57±33.342.50(2.00，5.00)45.26±13.69
干预后232 865.90±493.81ab1 918.93±354.63ab154.03±131.801.67(0.50，4.83)73.78±16.74ab
F组间值4.70*0.960.120.0210.62**
F时间值6.64*5.24*0.000.6127.83**
F组间×时间值5.36*4.05*1.100.0030.62**
), ArticleFig(id=1325502033893138542, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325502016822321225, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Comparison of physical health indicators of college students before and after intervention(x±s)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别干预前后人数心率/(次·min-1)收缩压/mmHg舒张压/mmHg体重/kg
对照组干预前2274.95±11.1765.41±5.63106.95±10.1559.39±12.68
干预后2277.55±12.5667.23±5.80107.14±10.0958.53±14.78
ZTEx组干预前2382.91±11.8571.57±9.07110.39±10.0561.25±7.84
干预后2379.83±8.3969.39±8.90106.04±14.4661.78±7.98
F组间值2.934.650.150.64
F时间值0.030.022.150.03
F组间×时间值4.062.90*2.540.51
组别干预前后人数体脂率/%30 s连续坐起/次握力/kg单脚闭眼站立/s
对照组干预前2225.10±5.5920.67±6.6528.89±12.4620.79±15.89
干预后2225.10±5.8421.36±6.6829.35±11.9119.99±14.74
ZTEx组干预前2327.38±7.0022.52±4.9028.77±9.2321.23±19.73
干预后2325.85±4.5726.96±4.87ab31.78±8.00b30.73±21.42
F组间值0.855.09*0.141.87
F时间值1.6022.39**12.10**1.61
F组间×时间值1.5811.91**6.59*2.62
), ArticleFig(id=1325502033968636015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325502016822321225, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

大学生干预前后身体健康指标比较(x±s)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别干预前后人数心率/(次·min-1)收缩压/mmHg舒张压/mmHg体重/kg
对照组干预前2274.95±11.1765.41±5.63106.95±10.1559.39±12.68
干预后2277.55±12.5667.23±5.80107.14±10.0958.53±14.78
ZTEx组干预前2382.91±11.8571.57±9.07110.39±10.0561.25±7.84
干预后2379.83±8.3969.39±8.90106.04±14.4661.78±7.98
F组间值2.934.650.150.64
F时间值0.030.022.150.03
F组间×时间值4.062.90*2.540.51
组别干预前后人数体脂率/%30 s连续坐起/次握力/kg单脚闭眼站立/s
对照组干预前2225.10±5.5920.67±6.6528.89±12.4620.79±15.89
干预后2225.10±5.8421.36±6.6829.35±11.9119.99±14.74
ZTEx组干预前2327.38±7.0022.52±4.9028.77±9.2321.23±19.73
干预后2325.85±4.5726.96±4.87ab31.78±8.00b30.73±21.42
F组间值0.855.09*0.141.87
F时间值1.6022.39**12.10**1.61
F组间×时间值1.5811.91**6.59*2.62
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零时间运动干预对大学生身体活动水平和久坐行为的影响
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王静松 , 付娆 , 王深 , 李闯涛
中国学校卫生 | 健康教育与健康促进 2025,46(4): 504-508
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中国学校卫生 |健康教育与健康促进 2025 , 46 (4) : 504 -508
零时间运动干预对大学生身体活动水平和久坐行为的影响
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王静松, 付娆, 王深, 李闯涛
作者信息
  • 福建师范大学体育科学学院，福州 350000
作者简介:

王静松(1994-)，男，山东招远人，在读博士，主要研究方向为运动心理学

Effect of zero-time exercise intervention on physical activity levels and sedentary behavior among college students
Jingsong WANG, Rao FU, Shen WANG, Chuangtao LI
Affiliations
  • School of Sports Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou (350000), Fujian Province, China
出版时间: 2025-04-25 doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025127
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摘要
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目的

探讨零时间运动(ZTEx)干预对大学生身体活动水平和久坐行为的影响，为有效提高大学生身体活动水平、减少久坐行为提供参考。

方法

2023年9月，在福州市招募某高校45名久坐大学生，按照随机数字表法分为ZTEx组(23名)和对照组(22名)；2023年10月—2024年1月，ZTEx组接受为期3个月共2次的焦点小组会议，对照组进行安全健康教育。在干预前后，分别采用国际体力活动问卷和三轴加速度计对大学生久坐和身体活动水平进行测评，同时完成有关身体健康和心理问卷的评估。采用混合效应方差分析和非参数检验对大学生身体健康、心理问卷、久坐和身体活动数据进行统计分析。

结果

干预后，过去7 d ZTEx组大学生提高了低强度身体活动时长[前测(1 492.78±369.50)min；后测(1 918.93±354.63)min]、久坐间断次数[前测(45.26±13.69)次；后测(73.78±16.74)次]、握力[前测(28.77±9.23)kg；后测(31.78±8.00)kg]、30 s连续坐起[前测(22.52±4.90)次；后测(26.96±4.87)次]、一般自我效能感[前测(26.52±4.14)分；后测(32.96±5.24)分]、身体成分总结[前测(66.44±4.83)分；后测(72.62±4.88)分]、心理成分总结[前测(61.21±9.88)分；后测(63.98±9.57)分]，同时降低其久坐时长[前测(3 694.28±687.56)min；后测(2 865.90±493.81)min]，差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.01)。干预前后，对照组身体活动及健康指标均无明显变化(P值均>0.05)。

结论

ZTEx可以有效提高久坐大学生的低强度身体活动水平和久坐间断次数并减少久坐行为，进一步促成大学生良好运动习惯的培养，提高身体和心理健康水平。

运动活动  /  干预性研究  /  久坐生活方式  /  学生
Objective

To explore the effects of a zero-time exercise (ZTEx) intervention on physical activity levels and sedentary behavior among college students, providing evidence for improving physical activity and reducing sedentary habits.

Methods

In September 2023, 45 sedentary college students from a university in Fuzhou were recruited and randomly assigned to either the ZTEx group (23 students) or the control group (22 students) according to a random number table method. ZTEx group received two ZTEx focus group meetings for 3 months, while the control group received safety and health education. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire and a three-axis accelerometer were used to evaluate the sedentary and physical activity levels of college students. At the same time, evaluations related to physical health and psychological questionnaires were completed. Mixed effects analysis of variance and non-parametric tests were used to statistically analyze the physical health, psychological questionnaire, and sedentary and physical activity data of the college students.

Results

Post-intervention, the ZTEx group showed significant improvements in the duration of low-intensity physical activity [pre-test(1 492.78±369.50)min; post-test(1 918.93±354.63)min] and the number of sedentary interruptions [pre-test(45.26±13.69)times; post-test(73.78±16.74)times]; grip strength [pre-test(28.77±9.23)kg; post-test(31.78±8.00)kg]; sitting up continuously for 30 seconds [pre-test(22.52±4.90)times; post-test(26.96±4.87)times]; general self-efficacy [pre-test(26.52±4.14)points; post-test(32.96±5.24)points]; body composition summary [pre-test(66.44±4.83)points; post-test(72.62±4.88)points]; and psychological composition summary [pre-test(61.21±9.88)points; post-test(63.98±9.57)points], while reducing sedentary time [pre-test(3 694.28±687.56)min; post-test(2 865.90±493.81)min] in the past 7 days, the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). The control group exhibited no significant changes(P>0.05).

Conclusion

ZTEx effectively improve the low-intensity physical activity, increases sedentary breaks, and reduces prolonged sitting among college students, fostering healthier habits and improving physical/mental well-being.

Motor activity  /  Intervention studies  /  Sedentary lifestyle  /  Students
王静松, 付娆, 王深, 李闯涛. 零时间运动干预对大学生身体活动水平和久坐行为的影响. 中国学校卫生, 2025 , 46 (4) : 504 -508 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025127
Jingsong WANG, Rao FU, Shen WANG, Chuangtao LI. Effect of zero-time exercise intervention on physical activity levels and sedentary behavior among college students[J]. Chinese Journal of School Health, 2025 , 46 (4) : 504 -508 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025127
正文
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久坐和身体活动不足是当今社会生活环境下的新常态[1-2]。“零时间运动”(zero-time exercise, ZTEx)旨在将简单的提升力量和耐力的体育活动融入日常生活中，坐着或站着时进行简单的运动[3]。2015年4月—2017年3月间，香港实施的ZTEx项目涉及约1 000名社区参与者，参与者报告其身体活动水平和体能水平均显著增加，幸福感也有所改善[4]。对小样本社区工作者的研究也发现，ZTEx可以增加体育活动，减少久坐行为，改善身体健康[3]。
大学生群体由于学习和工作的需要，容易陷入长时间坐立的状态。有研究显示，大学生平均每天的久坐时间长达9.76 h[5]，体力活动水平较低[6]。本研究旨在探讨ZTEx是否可以调整久坐大学生的行为方式，有效提高身体活动水平并减少久坐行为，以期为提高大学生整体健康水平提供实践基础和理论前提。
1　对象与方法
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1.1　对象
于2023年9月—2024年1月，在福州市招募某高校久坐在校大学生(18~35岁)50名。纳入标准: 年龄18~35岁；每天久坐时长≥8 h；依据《国际体力活动问卷短卷(International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form, IPAQ-SF)》[7]以及《运动测试与运动处方指南(第九版)》[8]中对久坐生活方式的定义：无每周≥3 d、每天≥30 min的中等强度身体活动，且这种状态已持续超过3个月。排除标准：既往有器质性疾病，既往有抑郁症、焦虑症等精神疾病史。按照随机数字表法将研究对象分配到两个组：零时间运动(ZTEx)组和对照组，每组各25名；其中中途退出5人，退出率为10%，最终纳入分析ZTEx组23名、对照组22名。ZTEx组和对照组平均年龄分别为(22.77±3.16，22.17±2.41)岁。受试者均签署知情同意书并自愿参与，本研究经福建师范大学伦理委员会批准(批号：FNV-L 2024003)。
1.2　方法
首先经过IPAQ初筛后进行三轴加速度计测量，筛选满足纳入标准的大学生为研究对象(2023年9月)，随后通过随机数字表法将受试者分为ZTEx组和对照组。前测后，ZTEx组进行1次有关动机激励的焦点小组核心会议，1个月后进行1次强化会议，3个月后进行后测(2023年10月—2024年1月)；对照组进行安全健康教育。
1.2.1　ZTEx干预
ZTEx组进行为期3个月的ZTEx干预，ZTEx干预包括试验开始时的3 h核心会议和1个月后的2 h强化会议，参照国外学者制定完善详细的ZTEx动作[3]，ZTEx培训内容具体如下：(1)核心会议。基线问卷测评和身体健康评估(30 min)；解读健康测评结果(30 min)；鼓励受试者比较结果与标准数据之间的差距(15 min)；休息(15 min)；学习ZTEx动作(30 min)；与受试者分享组织者的个人经验和感受，定期练习ZTEx的好处(15 min)；邀请参与者制定目标和计划，并鼓励受试者当场宣读他们的计划(30 min)；进行总结和关键陈述(15 min)。(2)强化会议。邀请受试者进行身体健康评估和问卷测评(30 min)；询问参与者进行ZTEx的经验和遇到的障碍，并一起探索解决方案(10 min)；对参与者的所有积极变化给予鼓励(5 min)；ZTEx集体练习(30 min)；休息(10 min)；介绍自己和别人成功的案例(15 min)；回顾缺乏体育活动的负面效果，提醒个体定期进行ZTEx的益处(15 min)；总结结束并提供鼓励和支持(5 min)。
1.2.2　久坐行为和身体活动的测量
采用IPAQ-SF[7]中文版评估大学生过去7 d的体力活动水平。在中国大学生人群中，该问卷具有较好的信度和效度(重测信度为0.78，效标效度为0.72)。
采用Actigraph wGT3X-BT型加速度计，受试者将加速度计配戴在髋部右侧一周，采用30 s的时间间隔记录测量数据[9]。按照Freedson公式[10]划分身体活动水平，每天配戴时间不少于10 h为1个有效日，1周至少配戴3个有效日(2个上学日+1个周末日)为有效身体活动数据。其中，0~99 counts/min为久坐行为；100~1 951 counts/min为轻体力活动(LPA)；1 952~5 724 counts/min为中体力活动(MPA)；>5 725 counts/min为高强度体力活动(VPA)，≥1 952 counts/min为中高强度体力活动(MVPA)，穿戴时间=MVPA时间+LPA时间+久坐行为时间。久坐时间断次数同样采用加速度计进行测量。
1.2.3　身体健康指标
(1) 安静心率和血压：使用日本欧姆龙公司生产的D11型号电子血压计对受试者进行安静时心率和血压的测量。受试者采用坐位，血压计保持和手臂、心脏在同一水平线上。静息血压一般测试2次，首次测量后间隔1 min后进行第2次测量，取2次读数的平均值记录。(2)体重和身体成分：采用中国清华同方公司生产的BCA-1A人体成分分析仪对受试者进行身体成分测试，记录体重(单位：kg)、体脂率、腰臀比、内脏脂肪指数等指标。(3)握力：采用中国领康公司生产的LK-T 5076电子握力计对受试者进行握力测试。共测试3次惯用手的握力，测试结束后松开即可读数，取最大值作为最终结果并记录[11]。(4)30 s连续坐起：用于评估下肢力量的经典测试。测试开始时被试坐在高43 cm、无扶手的椅子中间，后背挺直，两脚与肩同宽，双手环抱于胸前。听到“开始”口令后，被试起立站直，然后坐下，再起立再坐下，循环往复，记录被试30 s的时间内连续坐起的次数[12]。(5)闭眼单脚站立：是一种静态平衡的测量方法。受试者在闭上眼睛的状态下，依赖于大脑前庭器官和肢体关节协调全身肌肉保持身体平衡。保持平衡时间的长短与静态平衡能力呈正比[13]。
1.2.4　心理问卷测评
一般自我效能感量表(General Self-efficacy Scale, GSES)：该量表由Schwarzer等[14]编制翻译，王才康[15]修订。采用4点计分制，“完全不正确”1分至“完全正确”4分，所有条目的得分合计除以10即为总量表分；分数越高，表示自我效能感越高。GSES具有较高的信度，内部一致性系数为0.85，重测信度为0.83，分半信度为0.82。同时该量表经验证具有很好的预测效度。
36题简明健康调查量表(Item Short from Health Survey, SF-36)：采用李鲁等[16]研制的中文版。SF-36工具用于分析个体的健康相关生存质量，共有36个条目，分为8个维度和1个健康变化条目。8个维度分别为生理功能(physical functioning，PF)(包含10个条目，1=“有很多限制”~3=“根本没限制”)、生理职能(role-physical, RP)[包含4个条目，回答“有”(1分)或“没有”(2分)，得分范围为4~8分]、躯体疼痛(bodilypain, BP)[由2个条目组成，条目7根据疼痛程度赋分(1分“极严重疼痛”~6分“无疼痛”)，条目8结合条目7的答案调整计分]、总体健康(general health, GH)[包括5个条目，条目1从“非常好”(5分)到“差”(1分)计分有2个条目为反向计分(如“绝对正确”为1分)，有2个条目正向计分(如“绝对正确”为5分)]、活力(vitality, VT)[共4个条目，2个条目为正向计分(6=“所有时间”至1=“无此感觉”)，2个条目为反向计分]、社会功能(social functioning, SF)[有6个条目，按影响程度赋分(1=“无影响”至5=“极大影响”)]、情感职能(role-emotional, RE)[有3个条目，回答“有”(1分)或“没有”(2分)]、精神健康(mental health, MH)(有5个条目)、健康变化[独立评估，答案从“比一年前好多了”(5分)到“差多了”(1分)]。若某维度缺失条目不超过50%，以该维度已答条目均值替代；缺失超过50%则剔除该维度。所有维度得分均转换为0~100分，分数越高表示健康状况越佳。将各个参数组合成组，增加关于生存质量的物理领域评估的4个参数和心理领域的4个参数，进行以下分配：PF+RF+BT+GH=身体成分总结(physical component summary, PCS)；VT+SF+RE+MH=心理成分总结(mental component summary, MCS)。每个维度标准化得分范围为0~100分，得分越接近100表示生存质量越高。SF-36在大学生群体中应用具有良好的信度和效度，Cronbach α系数为0.90[17]。结构效度方面，因子分析的8个公因子与理论结构基本一致，累积方差贡献率为72.09%。
1.3　质量控制
所有受试者在测试前签署知情同意书，在试验前均通过风险筛查，熟知整个测试流程，积极配合并按要求完成测试。试验全程由作者共同进行操作，测试前培训合格。
1.4　统计学分析
使用SPSS 22.0软件进行统计分析，计数资料用频数或百分率描述。计量资料符合正态分布，使用(x±s)进行描述；数据不符合正态分布则采用M(P25，P75)进行描述，并采用非参数检验进行统计分析。采用混合效应方差分析对干预前后的身体健康、心理问卷、久坐和身体活动数据进行统计分析，分别分析组别、时间、组别×时间的交互作用的影响；在进行混合效应方差分析前，首先测试数据是否满足方差齐性。Shapiro-Wilk检验用于检验正态分布的假设，Levene检验用于评估均匀性，Mauchly检验用于验证样本的球形度。当交互作用具有统计学意义时，进行简单效应分析；若无统计学意义，使用Bonferroni方法比较组内的时间点。检验水准α=0.05。
2　结果
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2.1　大学生干预前后久坐和身体活动评估
混合效应方差分析结果显示，过去7 d久坐时长、LPA时长、久坐间断次数存在时间效应，久坐时长和久坐间断次数存在组别效应，久坐时长、LPA时长、久坐间断次数组别和时间之间存在交互效应(P值均<0.05)。与干预前相比，ZTEx组干预后久坐时长降低，LPA时长、久坐间断次数均增加，且优于对照组(P值均<0.05)。见表1。
2.2　大学生干预前后身体健康指标评估
混合效应方差分析结果显示，30 s连续坐起(F=22.39)、握力(F=12.10)存在时间效应，30 s连续坐起(F=5.09)存在组别效应，组别和时间之间存在交互效应(30 s连续坐起：F=11.91；握力：F=6.59)(P值均<0.05)。与干预前相比，ZTEx组干预后30 s连续坐起、握力均增加，且30 s连续坐起优于对照组(P值均<0.05)。见表2。
2.3　大学生干预前后心理问卷评估
混合效应方差分析结果显示，一般自我效能感(F=24.55)、PCS(F=35.51)、MCS(F=8.77)存在时间效应，组别和时间之间均存在交互效应(一般自我效能感：F=43.36；PCS：F=21.57；MCS：F=5.05)(P值均<0.05)。干预后，ZTEx组一般自我效能感(32.96±5.24)、PCS(72.62±4.88)、MCS(63.98±9.57)较干预前(26.52±4.14，66.44±4.83，61.21±9.88)均增加(P值均<0.05)，且同时高于干预后的对照组(27.23±4.43，70.08±6.68，61.46±5.56)(P值均<0.05)；对照组一般自我效能感、PCS、MCS与干预前(28.14±4.58，69.32±5.76，61.08±5.37)比较差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。
3　讨论
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本研究显示通过ZTEx能够提高久坐大学生低强度身体活动水平、增加久坐间断次数并减少久坐时长，身体和心理健康得到提升。
从经济性方面来说，目前针对久坐行为干预的研究大多集中于强制久坐间断[18]、可穿戴设备干预[19]、碎片化运动[20]等导致行为改变等方面。ZTEx干预与以上干预方式相比更加关注个体内部动机的培养并强调个体自主性的发挥，个体一旦形成健康的行为习惯后，其健康行为效益的维持时间则更长久；同时现实生活中推广ZTEx不需要耗费大量的人力和物力，可操作性和经济性大大提升。
从可行性方面来说，ZTEx可以提高久坐大学生低强度身体活动水平和久坐间断次数，并减少久坐时长。在Lai等[3]对社区志愿者进行的一项ZTEx小样本研究中得出相似的研究结果。运动的最小程度努力理论可以较好地进行解释，即个体倾向于消耗较少的能量获得较多的健康收益，同时获得最大收益的个体对所需付出最小程度努力所产生的自动化情感能促使个体行为改变或维持[21]。
本研究还发现，ZTEx可以提高大学生的身体和心理健康水平。其他类似的研究中，针对身体活动量低且患失眠症人群以及社区志愿者的ZTEx干预也同样发现了身体和心理健康状况的提升[3, 22]。此外，本研究中ZTEx出于内部动机鼓励个体在不同的场合进行一些低强度的力量和耐力训练，在活动之初增加人们的低强度身体活动水平，以此不断提高受试者的自我效能感并促进自我行为的调节；后续人们切身感受到自己身体健康(握力、30 s坐起)发生积极的变化，体验到积极情绪并乐意维持此行为，不断增加久坐间断的次数和LPA、减少久坐时长，最终生存质量得到提高。
本研究也存在一定的局限性：首先，中高强度身体活动水平并未得到显著提高，这与干预时间较短及干预课程的内容传授有关，未来将适度增加ZTEx干预的时长。其次，部分身体健康结果指标未发生显著变化，可能与依从性监控低有关，未来将增加填写运动日记、进行线上打卡等各种提高依从性的措施。

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2025年第46卷第4期
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doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025127
  • 接收时间：2024-11-14
  • 首发时间：2026-11-06
  • 出版时间：2025-04-25
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  • 收稿日期：2024-11-14
  • 修回日期：2025-02-15
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    福建师范大学体育科学学院，福州 350000
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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