Article(id=1325501959767204667, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, issueId=1325501865651216714, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025110, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1722960000000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-07, revisedDate=1726675200000, revisedDateStr=2024-09-19, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793953893844, onlineDateStr=2026-11-06, pubDate=1745510400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793953893844, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793953893844, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793953893844, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1325501865651216714, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, year='2025', volume='46', issue='4', pageStart='457', pageEnd='572 578', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1745510400000', pubDateStr='2025-04-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793953871404, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793953871404, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=474, endPage=478, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1325501961562366780, articleId=1325501959767204667, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=EN, title=Association of joint effect of overweight and obesity with dyslipidemia on left ventricular hypertrophy in children, columnId=1325501866582352204, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of School Health, columnName=Column on the prevention and control of obesity in children and adolescents, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To examine the association of joint effect of overweight and obesity with dyslipidemia on left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in children, so as to provide scientific evidence for the prevention of early cardiovascular damage in children.

Methods

Data were obtained from the second follow-up cross-sectional survey of Huantai Childhood Cardiovascular Health Cohort study in 2021, comprising 1 047 children aged 10-15 years with complete information. Based on overweight and obesity status and dyslipidemia status, all participants were divided into four groups: normal weight with normal lipid levels, normal weight with dyslipidemia, overweight and obesity with normal lipid levels, and overweight and obesity with dyslipidemia. Left ventricular mass index (LVMI) levels and prevalence of LVH across four groups were compared. Multivariate Logistic regression model was used to examine the association of joint effect of overweight and obesity with dyslipidemia on LVH in children.

Results

There were significant differences in LVMI levels [(28.66±7.10, 29.63±4.71, 31.49±5.86, 32.65±4.80)g/m2.7] and prevalence of LVH (4.28%, 12.50%, 22.74%, 31.30%) across four groups (F/χ2=50.76, 90.92, P<0.05). After adjustment for confounding variables such as gender, age, screen time, sleep duration, fruit and vegetable intake, carbonated beverage consumption, physical activity and elevated blood pressure, compared to children with both normal weight and normal lipid levels, the risk of LVH in children with dyslipidemia alone increased (OR=3.27, 95%CI=1.57-6.82, P<0.05). Children with overweight and obesity alone also had a significantly increased risk of LVH (OR=6.33, 95%CI=3.76-10.66), and the highest risk was observed in those with both overweight and obesity with dyslipidemia (OR=9.66, 95%CI=5.35-17.43) (P<0.05).

Conclusions

The joint effect of overweight and obesity with dyslipidemia is positively correlated with LVH in children. To prevent LVH in children, both overweight and obesity with dyslipidemia should be paid attention to.

, authors=Silian AN1, 2, Ziqi LIU1, 2, Qian ZHANG3, Min ZHAO4, Bo XI*, 1, 2, authorsList=Silian AN, Ziqi LIU, Qian ZHANG, Min ZHAO, Bo XI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Bo XI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Chinese Journal of School Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1325501961973408574, articleId=1325501959767204667, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=CN, title=儿童超重肥胖和血脂异常联合作用与左心室肥厚的关联, columnId=1325501866821427534, journalTitle=中国学校卫生, columnName=儿童青少年肥胖防控专栏, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探讨儿童超重肥胖和血脂异常联合作用与左心室肥厚(LVH)的关联, 为预防儿童早期心血管损害提供科学依据。

方法

研究对象来自"桓台儿童心血管健康随访队列"2021年第2次随访横断面调查数据, 共纳入1 047名信息完整的10~15岁儿童。根据超重肥胖和血脂异常状态, 将研究对象分为正常体重且血脂正常组、正常体重且血脂异常组、超重肥胖且血脂正常组、超重肥胖且血脂异常组4组, 比较4组左心室质量指数(LVMI)水平及LVH检出率的差异, 采用多因素Logistic回归模型探讨超重肥胖和血脂异常的联合效应对LVH的影响。

结果

4组儿童LVMI水平[(28.66±7.10, 29.63±4.71, 31.49±5.86, 32.65±4.80)g/m2.7]及LVH检出率(4.28%, 12.50%, 22.74%, 31.30%)差异均有统计学意义(F/χ2值分别为50.76, 90.92, P值均<0.05)。调整性别、年龄、视屏时间、睡眠时间、果蔬摄入、碳酸饮料摄入、体力活动以及血压偏高等协变量后, 相较于正常体重且血脂正常组, 正常体重且血脂异常组、超重肥胖且血脂正常组的LVH风险均增加(OR=3.27, 95%CI=1.57~6.82;OR=6.33, 95%CI=3.76~10.66), 超重肥胖且血脂异常组的LVH风险达到最高(OR=9.66, 95%CI=5.35~17.43)(P值均<0.05)。

结论

儿童期超重肥胖与血脂异常的联合效应与LVH呈正相关。预防儿童LVH应该同时关注儿童超重肥胖和血脂异常。

, authors=安思莲1, 2, 刘姿琪1, 2, 张茜3, 赵敏4, 席波*, 1, 2, authorsList=安思莲, 刘姿琪, 张茜, 赵敏, 席波, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=席波, authorNote=

安思莲(1998-), 女, 山西晋中人, 在读硕士, 主要研究方向为儿童心血管流行病学

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席波,E-mail:
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Comparison of basic characteristics between LVH group and normal group children

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组别人数果蔬摄入充足碳酸饮料摄入过多体力活动充足血压偏高超重肥胖高TC高TG低HDL-C高LDL-C血脂异常
正常组899126(14.02)149(16.57)803(89.32)155(17.24)338(37.60)109(12.12)52(5.78)52(5.78)45(5.01)181(20.13)
LVH组14821(14.19)26(17.57)133(89.86)49(33.11)114(77.03)26(17.57)17(11.49)20(13.51)12(8.11)54(36.49)
χ2值0.000.090.0420.3980.533.356.7111.862.3819.52
P值0.960.760.84<0.01<0.010.070.01<0.010.12<0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1325501966494868339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325501959767204667, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

正常组与LVH组儿童基本情况比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别人数果蔬摄入充足碳酸饮料摄入过多体力活动充足血压偏高超重肥胖高TC高TG低HDL-C高LDL-C血脂异常
正常组899126(14.02)149(16.57)803(89.32)155(17.24)338(37.60)109(12.12)52(5.78)52(5.78)45(5.01)181(20.13)
LVH组14821(14.19)26(17.57)133(89.86)49(33.11)114(77.03)26(17.57)17(11.49)20(13.51)12(8.11)54(36.49)
χ2值0.000.090.0420.3980.533.356.7111.862.3819.52
P值0.960.760.84<0.01<0.010.070.01<0.010.12<0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1325501966566171508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325501959767204667, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

LVMI levels in different combination groups of overweight and obesity with dyslipidemia[(X±S ), g/m2.7]

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组别人数性别年龄/岁
男生女生10~1213~15
正常体重且血脂正常49128.78±7.4728.67±7.0228.86±5.9728.59±7.77
正常体重且血脂异常10429.35±4.6129.93±4.9029.73±4.1028.62±5.00
超重肥胖且血脂正常32131.80±6.2731.31±5.5930.03±5.0933.37±6.25
超重肥胖且血脂异常13133.13±5.0432.27±4.6531.42±4.0734.59±5.25
), ArticleFig(id=1325501966658446198, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325501959767204667, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同超重肥胖和血脂异常联合组别LVMI水平[(X±S ),g/m2.7]

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组别人数性别年龄/岁
男生女生10~1213~15
正常体重且血脂正常49128.78±7.4728.67±7.0228.86±5.9728.59±7.77
正常体重且血脂异常10429.35±4.6129.93±4.9029.73±4.1028.62±5.00
超重肥胖且血脂正常32131.80±6.2731.31±5.5930.03±5.0933.37±6.25
超重肥胖且血脂异常13133.13±5.0432.27±4.6531.42±4.0734.59±5.25
), ArticleFig(id=1325501966780081015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325501959767204667, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

LVH detection rates in different combination groups of overweight and obesity with dyslipidemia

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组别人数性别年龄/岁
男生女生10~1213~15
正常体重且血脂正常49110(3.95)11(4.62)13(5.31)8(3.25)
正常体重且血脂异常1044(10.26)9(13.85)10(14.93)3(8.11)
超重肥胖且血脂正常32134(18.89)39(27.66)32(17.30)41(30.15)
超重肥胖且血脂异常13126(31.71)15(30.61)24(30.77)17(32.08)
), ArticleFig(id=1325501966851384184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325501959767204667, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同超重肥胖和血脂异常联合组别LVH检出率

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组别人数性别年龄/岁
男生女生10~1213~15
正常体重且血脂正常49110(3.95)11(4.62)13(5.31)8(3.25)
正常体重且血脂异常1044(10.26)9(13.85)10(14.93)3(8.11)
超重肥胖且血脂正常32134(18.89)39(27.66)32(17.30)41(30.15)
超重肥胖且血脂异常13126(31.71)15(30.61)24(30.77)17(32.08)
), ArticleFig(id=1325501966926881657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325501959767204667, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Association of combined effects of overweight and obesity with dyslipidemia with LVH in boys and girls

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性别自变量模型1模型2
OR值(95%CI)P值OR值(95%CI)P值
男生(n=554)正常体重且血脂正常1.001.00
正常体重且血脂异常2.91(0.86~9.85)0.092.89(0.85~9.85)0.09
超重肥胖且血脂正常5.77(2.76~12.06)<0.015.59(2.63~11.86)<0.01
超重肥胖且血脂异常11.38(5.19~24.97)<0.0110.65(4.71~24.08)<0.01
女生(n=493)正常体重且血脂正常1.001.00
正常体重且血脂异常3.34(1.32~8.48)0.013.93(1.52~10.14)<0.01
超重肥胖且血脂正常7.93(3.90~16.13)<0.017.22(3.51~14.88)<0.01
超重肥胖且血脂异常9.15(3.88~21.60)<0.018.50(3.53~20.45)<0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1325501967035933562, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325501959767204667, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

超重肥胖和血脂异常联合效应与男女童LVH的关联

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性别自变量模型1模型2
OR值(95%CI)P值OR值(95%CI)P值
男生(n=554)正常体重且血脂正常1.001.00
正常体重且血脂异常2.91(0.86~9.85)0.092.89(0.85~9.85)0.09
超重肥胖且血脂正常5.77(2.76~12.06)<0.015.59(2.63~11.86)<0.01
超重肥胖且血脂异常11.38(5.19~24.97)<0.0110.65(4.71~24.08)<0.01
女生(n=493)正常体重且血脂正常1.001.00
正常体重且血脂异常3.34(1.32~8.48)0.013.93(1.52~10.14)<0.01
超重肥胖且血脂正常7.93(3.90~16.13)<0.017.22(3.51~14.88)<0.01
超重肥胖且血脂异常9.15(3.88~21.60)<0.018.50(3.53~20.45)<0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1325501967144985467, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325501959767204667, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

Association of combined effects of overweight and obesity with dyslipidemia with LVH in children of different age groups

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年龄/岁自变量模型1模型2
OR值(95%CI)P值OR值(95%CI)P值
10~12(n=575)正常体重且血脂正常1.001.00
正常体重且血脂异常3.10(1.29~7.43)0.013.15(1.31~7.56)0.01
超重肥胖且血脂正常3.81(1.93~7.50)<0.013.92(1.97~7.80)<0.01
超重肥胖且血脂异常8.17(3.89~17.12)<0.018.32(3.90~17.76)<0.01
13~15(n=472)正常体重且血脂正常1.001.00
正常体重且血脂异常2.37(0.60~9.46)0.222.67(0.66~10.81)0.17
超重肥胖且血脂正常13.09(5.91~29.02)<0.0112.28(5.38~28.07)<0.01
超重肥胖且血脂异常15.05(6.00~37.76)<0.0112.76(4.85~33.54)<0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1325501967203705724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325501959767204667, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

超重肥胖和血脂异常联合效应与不同年龄组儿童LVH的关联

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年龄/岁自变量模型1模型2
OR值(95%CI)P值OR值(95%CI)P值
10~12(n=575)正常体重且血脂正常1.001.00
正常体重且血脂异常3.10(1.29~7.43)0.013.15(1.31~7.56)0.01
超重肥胖且血脂正常3.81(1.93~7.50)<0.013.92(1.97~7.80)<0.01
超重肥胖且血脂异常8.17(3.89~17.12)<0.018.32(3.90~17.76)<0.01
13~15(n=472)正常体重且血脂正常1.001.00
正常体重且血脂异常2.37(0.60~9.46)0.222.67(0.66~10.81)0.17
超重肥胖且血脂正常13.09(5.91~29.02)<0.0112.28(5.38~28.07)<0.01
超重肥胖且血脂异常15.05(6.00~37.76)<0.0112.76(4.85~33.54)<0.01
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儿童超重肥胖和血脂异常联合作用与左心室肥厚的关联
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安思莲 1, 2 , 刘姿琪 1, 2 , 张茜 3 , 赵敏 4 , 席波 *, 1, 2
中国学校卫生 | 儿童青少年肥胖防控专栏 2025,46(4): 474-478
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中国学校卫生 |儿童青少年肥胖防控专栏 2025 , 46 (4) : 474 -478
儿童超重肥胖和血脂异常联合作用与左心室肥厚的关联
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安思莲1, 2, 刘姿琪1, 2, 张茜3, 赵敏4, 席波*, 1, 2
作者信息
  • 1山东大学齐鲁医学院公共卫生学院流行病学系/儿少卫生与妇幼保健学系, 济南 250012
  • 2山东大学儿童心血管研究中心
  • 3淄博市疾病预防控制中心食品营养与学生保健所
  • 4山东大学齐鲁医学院公共卫生学院营养与食品卫生学系
通讯作者:
席波,E-mail:
作者简介:

安思莲(1998-), 女, 山西晋中人, 在读硕士, 主要研究方向为儿童心血管流行病学

Association of joint effect of overweight and obesity with dyslipidemia on left ventricular hypertrophy in children
Silian AN1, 2, Ziqi LIU1, 2, Qian ZHANG3, Min ZHAO4, Bo XI*, 1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Epidemiology/Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan (250012), Shandong Province, China
出版时间: 2025-04-25 doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025110
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目的

探讨儿童超重肥胖和血脂异常联合作用与左心室肥厚(LVH)的关联, 为预防儿童早期心血管损害提供科学依据。

方法

研究对象来自"桓台儿童心血管健康随访队列"2021年第2次随访横断面调查数据, 共纳入1 047名信息完整的10~15岁儿童。根据超重肥胖和血脂异常状态, 将研究对象分为正常体重且血脂正常组、正常体重且血脂异常组、超重肥胖且血脂正常组、超重肥胖且血脂异常组4组, 比较4组左心室质量指数(LVMI)水平及LVH检出率的差异, 采用多因素Logistic回归模型探讨超重肥胖和血脂异常的联合效应对LVH的影响。

结果

4组儿童LVMI水平[(28.66±7.10, 29.63±4.71, 31.49±5.86, 32.65±4.80)g/m2.7]及LVH检出率(4.28%, 12.50%, 22.74%, 31.30%)差异均有统计学意义(F/χ2值分别为50.76, 90.92, P值均<0.05)。调整性别、年龄、视屏时间、睡眠时间、果蔬摄入、碳酸饮料摄入、体力活动以及血压偏高等协变量后, 相较于正常体重且血脂正常组, 正常体重且血脂异常组、超重肥胖且血脂正常组的LVH风险均增加(OR=3.27, 95%CI=1.57~6.82;OR=6.33, 95%CI=3.76~10.66), 超重肥胖且血脂异常组的LVH风险达到最高(OR=9.66, 95%CI=5.35~17.43)(P值均<0.05)。

结论

儿童期超重肥胖与血脂异常的联合效应与LVH呈正相关。预防儿童LVH应该同时关注儿童超重肥胖和血脂异常。

超重  /  肥胖症  /  血脂异常  /  心肌病  /  肥厚性  /  回归分析  /  儿童
Objective

To examine the association of joint effect of overweight and obesity with dyslipidemia on left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in children, so as to provide scientific evidence for the prevention of early cardiovascular damage in children.

Methods

Data were obtained from the second follow-up cross-sectional survey of Huantai Childhood Cardiovascular Health Cohort study in 2021, comprising 1 047 children aged 10-15 years with complete information. Based on overweight and obesity status and dyslipidemia status, all participants were divided into four groups: normal weight with normal lipid levels, normal weight with dyslipidemia, overweight and obesity with normal lipid levels, and overweight and obesity with dyslipidemia. Left ventricular mass index (LVMI) levels and prevalence of LVH across four groups were compared. Multivariate Logistic regression model was used to examine the association of joint effect of overweight and obesity with dyslipidemia on LVH in children.

Results

There were significant differences in LVMI levels [(28.66±7.10, 29.63±4.71, 31.49±5.86, 32.65±4.80)g/m2.7] and prevalence of LVH (4.28%, 12.50%, 22.74%, 31.30%) across four groups (F/χ2=50.76, 90.92, P<0.05). After adjustment for confounding variables such as gender, age, screen time, sleep duration, fruit and vegetable intake, carbonated beverage consumption, physical activity and elevated blood pressure, compared to children with both normal weight and normal lipid levels, the risk of LVH in children with dyslipidemia alone increased (OR=3.27, 95%CI=1.57-6.82, P<0.05). Children with overweight and obesity alone also had a significantly increased risk of LVH (OR=6.33, 95%CI=3.76-10.66), and the highest risk was observed in those with both overweight and obesity with dyslipidemia (OR=9.66, 95%CI=5.35-17.43) (P<0.05).

Conclusions

The joint effect of overweight and obesity with dyslipidemia is positively correlated with LVH in children. To prevent LVH in children, both overweight and obesity with dyslipidemia should be paid attention to.

Overweight  /  Obesity  /  Dyslipidemias  /  Cardiomyopathy  /  hypertrophic  /  Regression analysis  /  Child
安思莲, 刘姿琪, 张茜, 赵敏, 席波. 儿童超重肥胖和血脂异常联合作用与左心室肥厚的关联. 中国学校卫生, 2025 , 46 (4) : 474 -478 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025110
Silian AN, Ziqi LIU, Qian ZHANG, Min ZHAO, Bo XI. Association of joint effect of overweight and obesity with dyslipidemia on left ventricular hypertrophy in children[J]. Chinese Journal of School Health, 2025 , 46 (4) : 474 -478 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025110
近年来,我国儿童青少年的肥胖问题迅速加剧[1-2]。1985—2019年,中国7~18岁儿童青少年的超重肥胖检出率从1.2%上升至23.4%,其中肥胖检出率从0.1%上升至9.6%[2]。同时,血脂异常作为心血管疾病(cardiovascular diseases,CVD)的重要危险因素之一[3],在我国儿童青少年中的检出率也呈上升趋势[4]。左心室肥厚(left ventricular hypertrophy,LVH)是心脏结构异常的早期表现,已被证实会增加远期CVD事件和相关死亡的风险[5-6]。儿童青少年时期的LVH通常只是轻度损害,早期识别和干预可能有助于恢复至正常状态,对预防远期CVD的发生具有重要意义。
已有研究表明,儿童肥胖是导致LVH最重要的独立危险因素[7-8],然而关于血脂异常与LVH的关联研究相对较少且结论不一致[9-10]。本研究依托“桓台儿童心血管健康随访队列”数据,旨在探讨儿童超重肥胖和血脂异常的联合效应对LVH的影响,从而为预防儿童早期心血管损害提供科学依据。
基于“桓台儿童心血管健康随访队列”。基线调查采用方便整群抽样方法,于2017年11月至2018年1月在山东淄博桓台县的1所九年一贯制公立学校进行,研究对象为该校6~11岁的小学阶段学龄儿童。调查内容涵盖问卷调查、体格检查、超声检查及实验室检测。此后每2年进行一次随访,随访内容与基线保持一致,至今已于2019,2021,2023年成功完成3轮随访。本研究使用2021年第2次随访横断面调查数据,共随访到1 357名儿童,剔除信息不完整数据后最终纳入1 047名儿童作为研究对象,其中男生554名,女生493名;年龄10~15岁,平均年龄(12.14±1.54)岁。所有参与儿童及其家长均签署书面知情同意书,研究获得了山东大学齐鲁医学院公共卫生学院伦理委员会批准(批号:20160308)。
使用自行设计的调查问卷,通过自我报告的方式获取受试对象的一般人口学特征(年龄、性别等)和生活行为方式(包括视屏时间、睡眠时间、果蔬摄入、碳酸饮料摄入和体力活动等)。
身高和体重测量使用HGM 300型电子身高体重计。测量前要求受试对象脱去鞋帽和厚重外套,仅穿轻便衣物站立于仪器踏板中央,保持身体直立、平视前方进行测量。待仪器显示数值稳定后,由测量人员读取、记录数据,并计算体质量指数(body mass index, BMI),BMI=体重(kg)/[身高(m)]2[11]。使用欧姆龙HBP-1300型电子血压计进行血压测量[12],测量人员根据受试对象的上臂尺寸选择合适的袖带,并确保受试对象的心脏与肘关节、血压计处于同一水平面。每位受试者进行3次血压测量,要求任意两次测量值之间的差异不超过4 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),若超过则增加测量次数,并取最后两次测量的平均值用于分析。
由专业人员使用彩色多普勒超声诊断仪,严格遵循儿科心脏测量指南[13],对左心室结构指标进行测量。这些指标包括左心室舒张末期内径(left ventricular enddiastolic dimension,LVDD)、室间隔厚度(interventricular septal thickness,IVST)、左心室后壁厚度(left ventricular posterior wall thickness,LVPWT)等,基于以上测量数据,进一步计算左心室质量(left ventricular mass,LVM)[14]和左室质量指数(left ventricular mass index,LVMI)[15]。计算公式:
$LVM(\mathrm{~g})=0.8 \times 1.04 \times\left[(LVDD+IVST+LVPWT)^3-LVDD^3\right]+0.6$
${LVMI}\left(\mathrm{g} / \mathrm{m}^{2.7}\right)=L V M / \text { 身高 }^{2.7}$
测量前日受试者保持空腹10 h以上,第二天清晨由专业护士抽取5 mL静脉血样。利用罗氏cobas c702全自动生化分析仪(美国)对血样进行生化检测。分别采用胆固醇氧化酶法测量总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、酶比色法测量甘油三酯(triglycerides,TG)、均相酶比色法测量高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)。
(1) 超重肥胖。本研究参照《学龄儿童青少年超重与肥胖筛查》(WS/T 586—2018)[11],将BMI≥性别、年龄别的超重界值定义为超重肥胖。(2)血脂异常。根据《儿童青少年血脂异常防治专家共识》[16],血脂异常为4项血脂指标中至少有一项出现异常。具体为TC≥5.18 mmol/L,TG≥1.70 mmol/L,HDL-C≤1.04 mmol/L,或LDL-C≥3.37 mmol/L。(3)LVH。参照先前的研究[17],本研究将LVMI≥本人群性别、年龄别的P90定义为LVH。(4)血压偏高。参照“中国3~17岁儿童性别、年龄别和身高别血压参照标准”[18],将收缩压和/或舒张压≥性别、年龄别和身高别的P95定义为血压偏高。(5)体力活动充足。平均每日中等强度、高强度体力活动和步行时间总时长合计≥1 h[19]。(6)果蔬摄入充足。平均果蔬摄入总量≥5份/d[20]。(7)碳酸饮料摄入过多。平均碳酸饮料摄入次数≥1次/周。
在开始现场调查之前,所有调查人员均接受标准化的统一培训。问卷填写过程中由专人负责解答疑问,受试对象独立完成问卷后,由专人核查问卷的完整性和逻辑性。所有测量仪器包括电子身高体重计、电子血压计和超声仪器等均在测量前经过测试和校准。所有受试对象的心脏超声检查均由1名专业超声医生完成,质控人员与该超声医生在正式测量之前分别进行测量,测量结果相关系数为0.94。血样采集由专业医护人员执行,调查人员遵循严格的标准进行现场操作,包括血样的离心、分装以及冷冻保存,并及时送往专业机构进行血生化检测。
使用SAS 9.4统计软件进行数据分析。对连续变量进行正态性检验,服从正态分布用(X±S)表示,不服从正态分布采用M(P25,P75)表示,分别采用t检验和Wilcoxon秩和检验进行组间比较。分类变量用频数(百分比)表示,组间比较采用χ2检验。根据超重肥胖状态(是或否)和血脂异常状态(是或否),将所有研究对象分为4组:正常体重且血脂正常、正常体重且血脂异常、超重肥胖且血脂正常以及超重肥胖且血脂异常组,对4组儿童LVMI水平进行协方差分析比较。采用多因素Logistic回归模型分析超重肥胖和血脂异常的联合作用与儿童LVH的关联,模型1调整性别和年龄;模型2在模型1基础上调整视屏时间、睡眠时间、果蔬摄入、碳酸饮料摄入、体力活动以及血压偏高。采用双侧检验,检验水准α=0.05。
LVH组儿童BMI[(24.67±5.09)kg/m2]高于正常组[(20.60±3.98)kg/m2],差异有统计学意义(t=11.05,P<0.01),正常组和LVH组儿童年龄[(12.14±1.54,12.14±1.55)岁]、视屏时间[0.57(0.29, 0.93),0.57(0.29, 0.93)h/d]、睡眠时间[(8.51±0.98,8.54±1.00)h/d]差异均无统计学意义(t/Z值分别为-0.05,0.51,-0.34,P值均>0.05)。LVH组儿童的超重肥胖、血压偏高、高TG、低HDL-C和血脂异常检出率均高于正常组,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05),LVH组与正常组儿童的果蔬摄入、碳酸饮料摄入、体力活动充足、高TC、高LDL-C检出率差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。见表1。
调整所有潜在协变量后,协方差分析结果表明,正常体重且血脂正常、正常体重且血脂异常、超重肥胖且血脂正常、超重肥胖且血脂异常组的LVMI水平[(28.66±7.10,29.63±4.71,31.49±5.86,32.65±4.80)g/m2.7]及LVH检出率(4.28%,12.50%,22.74%,31.30%)差异均有统计学意义(F/χ2值分别为50.76,90.92,P值均<0.01)。按性别分层后,4组LVMI水平和检出率差异均有统计学意义(男:F/χ2值分别为31.85,48.28;女:F/χ2值分别为20.40,47.24,P值均<0.01);按年龄分层后,差异均有统计学意义(10~12岁:F/χ2值分别为13.41,35.85;13~15岁:F/χ2值分别为46.55,65.93,P值均<0.01)。见表2,3。
以超重肥胖和血脂异常联合作用的4个分组为自变量(以正常体重且血脂正常为参照),以是否检出LVH为因变量(以否为参照),调整所有潜在协变量后,多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,相较于正常体重且血脂正常组,正常体重且血脂异常组、超重肥胖且血脂正常组LVH检出风险均有所增加(OR=3.27,95%CI=1.57~6.82;OR=6.33,95%CI=3.76~10.66);超重肥胖且血脂异常组LVH检出风险最高(OR=9.66,95%CI=5.35~17.43)(P值均<0.01)。按照性别和年龄进行分层分析,除男生和年龄13~15岁儿童的正常体重且血脂异常组LVH检出的风险未见增加外(P值均>0.05),其余组别LVH检出风险均增加(P值均<0.05)。见表4,5。
本研究结果显示,单纯超重肥胖或单纯血脂异常都会增加儿童青少年LVH的风险,但超重肥胖的关联强度高于血脂异常。对于同时存在超重肥胖和血脂异常的儿童,LVH的风险最高。
目前,国内外已有多项研究探讨了儿童超重肥胖对LVH的影响。一项基于美国68名8~17岁儿童的研究发现,BMI-Z评分与LVMI水平存在正向关联[7];美国另一项针对343名平均14岁的非裔青少年进行的研究结果显示,肥胖组的LVMI水平高于正常体重组[21]。多项研究证实,肥胖可增加儿童LVH的风险[22],并与左心室重构密切相关[23-24]。本课题组前期的研究也表明,相较于正常体重组,超重肥胖儿童的LVH风险均增加[25]。以上研究结果与本研究结论一致。关于儿童血脂异常与LVH的关联研究,一项基于70名9~17岁肥胖儿童的研究发现,TG与LVMI呈正相关,而TC、HDL-C和LDL-C水平与LVMI无显著相关性,然而在多元线性回归分析中TG与LVMI的关联消失[9]。Tang等[10]学者对平均年龄10岁的188名儿童进行的研究显示,HDL-C与LVMI呈负相关,但TC、TG、LDL-C水平与LVMI关联无统计学意义。另一项纳入166名6~14岁儿童的研究发现,TG偏高、LDL-C偏高、HDL-C偏低与LVH存在关联[26]。
目前儿童超重肥胖和血脂异常导致LVH的具体机制尚不清楚。超重肥胖引起的心脏结构变化是多种因素综合作用的结果,不仅受到血流动力学的影响,还涉及多种代谢指标紊乱的参与[27]。LVH是肥胖儿童亚临床靶器官结构性损害的一个常见指标。研究表明,左心室内脂肪堆积是LVH的直接危险因素[28],在肥胖儿童中主要表现为脂质代谢异常[9]。另外,高脂血症可能通过各种机制诱发LVH的发生,例如心肌细胞内或周围的脂质聚积、局部和全身组织炎症、胰岛素抵抗以及氧化应激等[29]。
本项研究存在以下不足:(1)研究采用方便整群抽样方法,故结论外推性需谨慎;(2)横断面研究无法确定儿童超重肥胖和血脂异常的联合效应与LVH的因果关联,有待队列随访数据加以证实;(3)分层分析中部分亚组样本量不足,可能影响统计效能。
综上所述,本研究结果表明儿童青少年超重肥胖、血脂异常与LVH之间存在正向关联,同时合并血脂异常的超重肥胖儿童LVH的风险最高。因此,有必要重点关注超重肥胖和血脂异常儿童,从而预防心血管靶器官的损害。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(81673195, 82173538)
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2025年第46卷第4期
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doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025110
  • 接收时间:2024-08-07
  • 首发时间:2026-11-06
  • 出版时间:2025-04-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-07
  • 修回日期:2024-09-19
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国家自然科学基金项目(81673195, 82173538)
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    1山东大学齐鲁医学院公共卫生学院流行病学系/儿少卫生与妇幼保健学系, 济南 250012
    2山东大学儿童心血管研究中心
    3淄博市疾病预防控制中心食品营养与学生保健所
    4山东大学齐鲁医学院公共卫生学院营养与食品卫生学系

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
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多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
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