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Article(id=1325501755458462704, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, issueId=1325501647736156411, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025078, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1731340800000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-12, revisedDate=1735747200000, revisedDateStr=2025-01-02, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793953845133, onlineDateStr=2026-11-06, pubDate=1742832000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793953845133, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793953845133, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793953845133, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1325501647736156411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, year='2025', volume='46', issue='3', pageStart='305', pageEnd='456', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1742832000000', pubDateStr='2025-03-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793953819450, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793953819450, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=386, endPage=390, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1325501755877893106, articleId=1325501755458462704, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=EN, title=Association of physical activity and screen time with emotional and behavioral problems among first-year middle school students in one district of Shanghai, columnId=1259565855189418448, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of School Health, columnName=Mental Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the association of moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) and screen time (ST) with emotional and behavioral problems in middle school students, so as to provide a basis for improving the mental health level of adolescents.

Methods

Four public junior high schools in Jinshan District, Shanghai were selected by random cluster method from September 19 to October 18, 2023, with 779 first-grade students included. Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), as well as physical activity and screen time were collected. Binary Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between MVPA, ST and different dimensions of emotional and behavioral problems.

Results

Students with MVPA < 60 min/d accounted for 82.4%, and with ST>2 h/d accounted for 29.5%. The abnormal rate of SDQ dimensions among students ranged from 6.8% to 19.3%, with the highest abnormal rate observed in behavioral problems. The results of binary Logistic regression analysis showed that, compared with high level of MVPA, students with low level of MVPA had a significantly increased risk of developing problems in prosocial behavior [OR(95%CI)=2.16(1.37-3.41), P < 0.05]. Compared with low-level ST, students with high-level had an increased risk of experiencing emotional symptoms, behavioral problems and peer interaction problems [OR(95%CI)=2.00(1.25-3.22), 2.00(1.41-2.84), and 1.69(1.22-2.33), P < 0.05]. Compared with high MVPA and low ST, students with low MVPA and high ST had an increased risk of developing problems in the dimensions of conduct problems, prosocial behavior, and overall difficulty score [OR(95%CI)=1.92(1.13-3.23), 2.73(1.56-4.77), and 2.07(1.19-3.60), P < 0.05].

Conclusions

Physical activity and screen time are related to emotional and behavioral problems in middle school students. Insufficient physical activity time and excessive screen time might increase the risk of emotional and behavioral problems. Interventions can be administered on physical activity and screen time among adolescents to promote their mental health.

, authors=Cancan YIN, Chunyan LUO*, Qiong YAN, Yue QI, Guizhen YUE, authorsList=Cancan YIN, Chunyan LUO, Qiong YAN, Yue QI, Guizhen YUE, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Chunyan LUO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Chinese Journal of School Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1325501757996016627, articleId=1325501755458462704, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=CN, title=上海市某区初一学生体力活动屏幕时长与情绪行为问题的关联, columnId=1259565858817491410, journalTitle=中国学校卫生, columnName=心理卫生, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

了解中高等强度体力活动(MVPA)、屏幕时长(ST)与初中生情绪与行为问题的关联，为改善青少年心理健康水平提供依据。

方法

于2023年9月19日—10月18日，随机整群抽取上海市金山区4所公办初中，以779名初一年级学生为调查对象，填写长处与困难问卷(SDQ)并调查其体力活动和屏幕时长，使用二分类Logistic回归分析学生MVPA、ST与不同维度情绪行为问题的关联。

结果

平均每天MVPA＜60 min的学生占82.4%，平均每天屏幕时长＞2 h的学生占29.5%。学生SDQ各维度异常率为6.8%~19.3%，以品行问题异常率最高。二分类Logistic回归分析结果显示，相比于高水平MVPA者，低水平MVPA的学生在亲社会行为方面发生问题的风险增加[OR值(95%CI)=2.16(1.37~3.41)]；与低水平ST相比，高水平ST的学生在情绪症状、品行问题和同伴交往方面出现问题的风险均增加[OR值(95%CI)分别为2.00(1.25~3.22)，2.00(1.41~2.84)，1.69(1.22~2.33)]；与高MVPA低ST者相比，低MVPA和高ST的学生在品行问题、亲社会行为及困难总分的问题的发生风险均增加[OR值(95%CI)分别为1.92(1.13~3.23)，2.73(1.56~4.77)，2.07(1.19~3.60)](P值均 < 0.05)。

结论

体力活动和屏幕时长与初中生的情绪行为问题均有关，同时存在体力活动时长不足且屏幕时长过高可能会增加情绪行为问题的发生风险。可对初中生的体力活动和屏幕时长进行干预，以促进心理健康发展。

, authors=尹灿灿, 罗春燕*, 严琼, 祁月, 乐贵珍, authorsList=尹灿灿, 罗春燕, 严琼, 祁月, 乐贵珍, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=罗春燕, authorNote=

尹灿灿(1996-)，女，安徽淮南人，硕士，医师，主要从事学校卫生工作

, correspAuthorsNote=
罗春燕，E-mail:
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Comparison of emotional and behavioral problems among middle school students at different levels of physical activity and screen time

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因素分组人数统计值情绪症状品行问题多动障碍同伴交往亲社会行为困难总分
体力活动低水平64276(11.8)182(28.3)97(15.1)316(49.2)224(34.9)173(26.9)
高水平13722(16.1)37(27.0)19(13.9)66(48.2)28(20.4)36(26.3)
χ2值1.830.100.140.0510.780.03
P值0.180.750.710.82< 0.010.87
屏幕时长低水平54958(10.6)131(23.9)73(13.3)248(45.2)169(30.8)126(23.0)
高水平23040(17.4)88(38.3)43(18.7)134(58.3)83(36.1)83(36.1)
χ2值6.8716.633.7311.112.0814.25
P值0.01< 0.010.05< 0.010.15< 0.01
合计77998(12.6)219(28.1)116(14.9)382(49.0)252(32.3)209(26.8)
), ArticleFig(id=1325501762634915869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325501755458462704, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同水平体力活动和屏幕时长初中生情绪行为问题检出率比较

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因素分组人数统计值情绪症状品行问题多动障碍同伴交往亲社会行为困难总分
体力活动低水平64276(11.8)182(28.3)97(15.1)316(49.2)224(34.9)173(26.9)
高水平13722(16.1)37(27.0)19(13.9)66(48.2)28(20.4)36(26.3)
χ2值1.830.100.140.0510.780.03
P值0.180.750.710.82< 0.010.87
屏幕时长低水平54958(10.6)131(23.9)73(13.3)248(45.2)169(30.8)126(23.0)
高水平23040(17.4)88(38.3)43(18.7)134(58.3)83(36.1)83(36.1)
χ2值6.8716.633.7311.112.0814.25
P值0.01< 0.010.05< 0.010.15< 0.01
合计77998(12.6)219(28.1)116(14.9)382(49.0)252(32.3)209(26.8)
), ArticleFig(id=1325501762777522206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325501755458462704, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Logistic regression analysis of physical activity, screen time and emotional behavioral problems among middle school students[OR(95%CI), n=779]

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自变量分组情绪症状品行问题多动障碍同伴交往亲社会行为困难总分
屏幕时长低水平1.001.001.001.001.001.00
高水平2.00(1.25~3.22)**2.00(1.41~2.84)**1.50(0.97~2.33)1.69(1.22~2.33)**1.20(0.85~1.68)1.93(1.35~2.76)**
体力活动高水平1.001.001.001.001.001.00
低水平0.68(0.39~1.18)0.98(0.64~1.52)1.14(0.65~1.99)0.97(0.66~1.41)2.16(1.37~3.41)**0.98(0.63~1.53)
联合暴露高MVPA低ST1.001.001.001.001.001.00
高MVPA高ST3.19(0.99~10.28)1.58(0.57~4.44)4.05(1.27~12.90)*1.25(0.48~3.22)1.88(0.65~5.51)3.90(1.42~10.72)**
低MVPA低ST0.78(0.41~1.50)0.93(0.57~1.51)1.52(0.78~2.95)0.91(0.60~1.38)2.38(1.42~3.98)**1.17(0.70~1.96)
低MVPA高ST1.44(0.72~2.89)1.92(1.13~3.23)*1.98(0.97~4.06)1.59(0.99~2.55)2.73(1.56~4.77)**2.07(1.19~3.60)*
), ArticleFig(id=1325501762865602591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325501755458462704, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

初中生体力活动、ST与情绪行为问题的Logistic回归分析[OR值(95%CI)，n=779]

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自变量分组情绪症状品行问题多动障碍同伴交往亲社会行为困难总分
屏幕时长低水平1.001.001.001.001.001.00
高水平2.00(1.25~3.22)**2.00(1.41~2.84)**1.50(0.97~2.33)1.69(1.22~2.33)**1.20(0.85~1.68)1.93(1.35~2.76)**
体力活动高水平1.001.001.001.001.001.00
低水平0.68(0.39~1.18)0.98(0.64~1.52)1.14(0.65~1.99)0.97(0.66~1.41)2.16(1.37~3.41)**0.98(0.63~1.53)
联合暴露高MVPA低ST1.001.001.001.001.001.00
高MVPA高ST3.19(0.99~10.28)1.58(0.57~4.44)4.05(1.27~12.90)*1.25(0.48~3.22)1.88(0.65~5.51)3.90(1.42~10.72)**
低MVPA低ST0.78(0.41~1.50)0.93(0.57~1.51)1.52(0.78~2.95)0.91(0.60~1.38)2.38(1.42~3.98)**1.17(0.70~1.96)
低MVPA高ST1.44(0.72~2.89)1.92(1.13~3.23)*1.98(0.97~4.06)1.59(0.99~2.55)2.73(1.56~4.77)**2.07(1.19~3.60)*
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上海市某区初一学生体力活动屏幕时长与情绪行为问题的关联
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尹灿灿 , 罗春燕 * , 严琼 , 祁月 , 乐贵珍
中国学校卫生 | 心理卫生 2025,46(3): 386-390
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中国学校卫生 |心理卫生 2025 , 46 (3) : 386 -390
上海市某区初一学生体力活动屏幕时长与情绪行为问题的关联
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尹灿灿, 罗春燕* , 严琼, 祁月, 乐贵珍
作者信息
  • 上海市疾病预防控制中心儿童青少年健康所，200336
通讯作者:
罗春燕，E-mail:
作者简介:

尹灿灿(1996-)，女，安徽淮南人，硕士，医师，主要从事学校卫生工作

Association of physical activity and screen time with emotional and behavioral problems among first-year middle school students in one district of Shanghai
Cancan YIN, Chunyan LUO* , Qiong YAN, Yue QI, Guizhen YUE
Affiliations
  • Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai (200336), China
出版时间: 2025-03-25 doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025078
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摘要
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目的

了解中高等强度体力活动(MVPA)、屏幕时长(ST)与初中生情绪与行为问题的关联，为改善青少年心理健康水平提供依据。

方法

于2023年9月19日—10月18日，随机整群抽取上海市金山区4所公办初中，以779名初一年级学生为调查对象，填写长处与困难问卷(SDQ)并调查其体力活动和屏幕时长，使用二分类Logistic回归分析学生MVPA、ST与不同维度情绪行为问题的关联。

结果

平均每天MVPA＜60 min的学生占82.4%，平均每天屏幕时长＞2 h的学生占29.5%。学生SDQ各维度异常率为6.8%~19.3%，以品行问题异常率最高。二分类Logistic回归分析结果显示，相比于高水平MVPA者，低水平MVPA的学生在亲社会行为方面发生问题的风险增加[OR值(95%CI)=2.16(1.37~3.41)]；与低水平ST相比，高水平ST的学生在情绪症状、品行问题和同伴交往方面出现问题的风险均增加[OR值(95%CI)分别为2.00(1.25~3.22)，2.00(1.41~2.84)，1.69(1.22~2.33)]；与高MVPA低ST者相比，低MVPA和高ST的学生在品行问题、亲社会行为及困难总分的问题的发生风险均增加[OR值(95%CI)分别为1.92(1.13~3.23)，2.73(1.56~4.77)，2.07(1.19~3.60)](P值均 < 0.05)。

结论

体力活动和屏幕时长与初中生的情绪行为问题均有关，同时存在体力活动时长不足且屏幕时长过高可能会增加情绪行为问题的发生风险。可对初中生的体力活动和屏幕时长进行干预，以促进心理健康发展。

运动活动  /  注视，眼  /  时长  /  情绪  /  精神卫生  /  学生
Objective

To investigate the association of moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) and screen time (ST) with emotional and behavioral problems in middle school students, so as to provide a basis for improving the mental health level of adolescents.

Methods

Four public junior high schools in Jinshan District, Shanghai were selected by random cluster method from September 19 to October 18, 2023, with 779 first-grade students included. Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), as well as physical activity and screen time were collected. Binary Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between MVPA, ST and different dimensions of emotional and behavioral problems.

Results

Students with MVPA < 60 min/d accounted for 82.4%, and with ST>2 h/d accounted for 29.5%. The abnormal rate of SDQ dimensions among students ranged from 6.8% to 19.3%, with the highest abnormal rate observed in behavioral problems. The results of binary Logistic regression analysis showed that, compared with high level of MVPA, students with low level of MVPA had a significantly increased risk of developing problems in prosocial behavior [OR(95%CI)=2.16(1.37-3.41), P < 0.05]. Compared with low-level ST, students with high-level had an increased risk of experiencing emotional symptoms, behavioral problems and peer interaction problems [OR(95%CI)=2.00(1.25-3.22), 2.00(1.41-2.84), and 1.69(1.22-2.33), P < 0.05]. Compared with high MVPA and low ST, students with low MVPA and high ST had an increased risk of developing problems in the dimensions of conduct problems, prosocial behavior, and overall difficulty score [OR(95%CI)=1.92(1.13-3.23), 2.73(1.56-4.77), and 2.07(1.19-3.60), P < 0.05].

Conclusions

Physical activity and screen time are related to emotional and behavioral problems in middle school students. Insufficient physical activity time and excessive screen time might increase the risk of emotional and behavioral problems. Interventions can be administered on physical activity and screen time among adolescents to promote their mental health.

Motor activity  /  Fixation, ocular  /  Time  /  Emotions  /  Mental health  /  Students
尹灿灿, 罗春燕, 严琼, 祁月, 乐贵珍. 上海市某区初一学生体力活动屏幕时长与情绪行为问题的关联. 中国学校卫生, 2025 , 46 (3) : 386 -390 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025078
Cancan YIN, Chunyan LUO, Qiong YAN, Yue QI, Guizhen YUE. Association of physical activity and screen time with emotional and behavioral problems among first-year middle school students in one district of Shanghai[J]. Chinese Journal of School Health, 2025 , 46 (3) : 386 -390 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025078
正文
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青少年心理健康问题是重要的公共卫生问题，全球数据表明10%~20%的儿童青少年受不同程度心理问题的困扰[1]。儿童青少年的心理行为问题可能会延伸至成年[2]，产生负面影响。目前我国约有3 000万青少年遭受不同程度的情绪障碍和行为问题的困扰，且这一数据呈现逐渐上升趋势[3]。在社会快速发展形势下，青少年的生活方式也随之发生改变，使用手机、电脑等电子设备的时间变长，而过度的屏幕使用与运动时间减少密切相关[4]。研究表明，随着视屏时间的延长，学龄前儿童的情绪、品行等出现异常的可能性增加[5]；高水平的体力活动与儿童情绪和行为问题呈负相关[6]，充足的体力活动对青少年的情绪症状也具有保护作用[7]；健康危险行为聚集的现象[8]也提示需关注体力活动和屏幕时长的联合作用。因此，本研究旨在调查分析体力活动、屏幕时长与初一学生情绪与行为问题的关联，以期为改善青少年心理健康水平提供依据。
1　对象与方法
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1.1　对象
基于上海市疾病预防控制中心在金山区开展的儿童青少年行为与环境因素健康效应调查工作，于2023年9月19日—10月18日，随机整群抽取上海市金山区4所公办初中，以抽取学校初一年级学生为调查对象。研究共纳入779名初中生，其中男生406名，女生373名；平均年龄(12.76±0.54)岁。本研究经上海市疾病预防控制中心伦理审查委员会批准(批号：2022-31)，所有被调查学生和监护人均知情同意。
1.2　方法
学生在调查员的指导下填写问卷，研究涉及的内容有：(1)中高强度体力活动(moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity, MVPA)。要求填写最近一周中强度和高强度体力活动的频率和每天活动的时间，平均每天MVPA=(中等强度体力活动平均时间×天数+高强度体力活动平均时间×天数)/7[9]。根据《中国儿童青少年身体活动指南》(以下简称《指南》)[10]中建议每天进行至少60 min及以上MVPA，将研究对象划分为高水平组(MVPA≥60 min/d)和低水平组(MVPA＜60 min/d)。(2)屏幕时长(screen time, ST)。调查对象报告过去一周内，周内或周末每天的屏幕使用行为(每天看电视、手机、平板、笔记本或台式电脑等有多久)，ST为各类屏幕使用时间相加。根据《指南》[10]将研究对象划分为低水平组(ST≤2 h/d)和高水平组(ST＞2 h/d)。(3)情绪行为问题。长处与困难问卷学生版(Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, SDQ)由Goodman于1997年编制，中文版信效度均较好[11]。问卷共有25个条目，每个条目按0~2三级评分，分别为不符合、有点符合及完全符合。包含情绪症状、品行问题、多动障碍、同伴交往问题和亲社会行为5个因子及困难总分(前4个因子得分之和)，每个因子及困难总分均分为正常、边缘或异常三类。(4)其他相关因素。包括性别、户籍、父亲文化程度、是否独生子女、睡眠质量(使用匹兹堡睡眠指数量表衡量，以得分≥8分表示睡眠质量差[12])。课题组调查人员对被试者进行现场体格检查，包括身高、体重，并计算体质量指数(body mass index, BMI)=体重(kg)/[身高(m)]2。
1.3　质量控制
在调查前对参加现场调查的调查员进行统一培训，熟练掌握各项指标的测量方法及精确程度的把握，熟练掌握调查表的内容和填写规范。质控人员现场解答调查人员的疑问，并负责审核调查表，发现调查表中存在缺失项或逻辑错误将其退回，督促调查人员补充完整或修改。调查结束后，质控人员将质控资料整理存档。
1.4　统计学分析
使用SPSS 25.0软件建立数据库进行统计学分析。计量资料采用(x ± s)描述，计数变量采用百分率或百分比进行描述。将情绪行为问题的边缘或异常水平合并为有情绪行为问题，采用χ2检验比较不同水平体力活动和屏幕时长初中生情绪行为问题检出率。将不同水平MVPA与ST交叉分组得到一个新的四分类变量，分别为低水平MVPA高水平ST组、低水平MVPA低水平ST组、高水平MVPA高水平ST组、高水平MVPA低水平ST组，使用二分类Logistic回归分析体力活动、屏幕时长与不同维度情绪行为问题的关联。检验水准α=0.05。
2　结果
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2.1　不同水平体力活动和屏幕时长初中生情绪行为问题检出率
初中生平均每天MVPA < 60 min的检出率为82.4%(642/779)，平均每天屏幕时长>2 h的检出率为29.5%(230/779)。被试学生情绪行为问题各维度异常检出率从高到低分别为品行问题(19.3%)、亲社会行为(15.4%)、同伴交往问题(9.5%)、情绪症状(8.9%)和多动障碍(6.8%)，SDQ困难总分的异常检出率为15.9%。不同水平屏幕时长的中学生情绪症状、品行问题、同伴交往问题及困难总分的检出率差异均有统计学意义(P值均 < 0.05)，高水平屏幕时长的中学生上述维度的问题检出率(分别为17.4%，38.3%，58.3%)高于低水平屏幕时长者(分别为10.6%，23.9%，45.2%)。低水平体力活动的中学生亲社会行为问题检出率(34.9%)高于高水平体力活动者(20.4%)，差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。见表1。
2.2　体力活动和屏幕时长与初中生情绪行为问题的关联
二分类Logistic回归分析结果显示，在对性别、年龄、母亲文化程度、父亲文化程度、户籍、是否独生子女、睡眠质量及BMI进行控制后，相比于高水平MVPA者，低水平体力活动的初中生在亲社会行为方面发生问题的风险增加(OR=2.16)；与低水平ST相比，高水平ST的初中生在情绪症状、品行问题和同伴交往方面出现问题的风险均增加(OR值分别为2.00，2.00，1.69)(P值均 < 0.05)。进一步对二者联合暴露与情绪行为问题的关联进行分析，结果显示，与高MVPA低ST的中学生相比，高MVPA高ST的中学生多动障碍问题发生风险增加(OR=4.05)，低MVPA低ST的中学生亲社会行为问题发生风险增加(OR=2.38)，低MVPA高ST的中学生品行问题、亲社会行为及困难总分问题的发生风险均增加(OR值分别为1.92，2.73，2.07)(P值均 < 0.05)。见表2。
3　讨论
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本研究结果显示，上海市金山区部分学校的初一学生MVPA达标率较低，29.5%的初中生每天屏幕时长超过2 h。体力活动和屏幕时长与初中生的情绪行为问题有关，同时存在体力活动时长不足且屏幕时长过高会增加中学生情绪行为问题的风险。
青少年身心快速发展，容易受到外界影响而产生负面情绪，充足的体力活动有利于缓解焦虑、紧张、抑郁等心理健康问题[13]。2017年进行的一项研究表明，只有29.9%的儿童青少年达到世界卫生组织建议的体力活动标准[14]。一项Meta分析显示我国儿童青少年MVPA的平均时间为每天37.6 min[15]；海口市一项针对初中生的调查显示，平均每天体力活动时间<60 min的占45.23%[16]；对上海市青少年的调查显示初中生和高中生24 h活动时长达标率分别为47.8%和33.9%[17]，本研究中不足20%的初中生能够做到每天≥60 min的MVPA，与其他研究的结果相比较低[18]。本研究所选调查对象为初一学生，可能与学习压力的增加和静态活动变多如屏幕使用时间变长有关，此外可能也受到样本量的影响。
宋艮高等[19]对农村10岁儿童情绪行为问题调查以及韩贝贝等[5]对学龄前儿童调查均显示同伴交往问题和多动症状异常率较高。本次调查的SDQ各维度异常初中生所占比例为6.8%~19.3%，以品行问题异常率最高，其次是亲社会行为，多动障碍异常率最低，提示应关注心理健康状况特点采取相应措施，对初中生尤其要关注品行问题。
本研究分析显示，体力活动不达标的中学生在亲社会行为方面发生问题的风险增加。英国一项关于12~13岁青少年的队列研究显示，高水平的MVPA青少年发生SDQ中的情绪症状风险较低[7]，具体机制尚不明确，有研究提出体力活动可能通过一系列生物学和社会机制发挥改善青少年心理健康的作用[20]。屏幕时长与情绪行为问题有关，如焦虑与抑郁，还与儿童青少年的低自尊、孤独等存在关联[21]。兰州市学龄前儿童的调查显示，总视屏时长每天超过2 h是困难总分异常的风险因素[22]；相关研究表明儿童过度使用媒体可能与外化问题有关，包括品行问题和多动[23]。本研究中ST超标的中学生在情绪症状、品行问题和同伴交往方面出现问题的风险增加，过多的视屏时间可能会减少中学生与同龄人和父母的接触交流及体力活动时间等[9]，进而影响个体的情绪和行为。此外，随着视屏活动形式不断发生变化，还应该对视屏的类型和内容予以关注[19]。进一步分析结果显示，低MVPA高ST的初中生品行问题和困难总分发生异常的风险增加。在一项针对青少年的研究中也发现低MVPA高ST者抑郁症状发生风险最高，体力活动可能会在一定程度上改变青少年使用电子设备时的心理及生理反应，从而降低抑郁症状风险[24]。无论屏幕时长水平如何，低水平的MVPA都会增加中学生亲社会行为问题发生的风险，提示在改善儿童青少年心理健康方面，增加和提高体力活动的时间和水平可能会发挥更大作用。
本研究调查了初中生的体力活动、ST与情绪行为问题，并分析了它们的关联，提示可通过干预体力活动和ST改善情绪行为问题。可以发挥父母、学校和社会多方面作用，父母营造良好的家庭环境，形成健康的体育习惯和屏幕使用行为；学校应加强健康教育和指导，鼓励学生增加体力活动时间，减少手机、电脑等电子产品使用；社会可以从提供设施支持等方面促进身体活动，进而降低中学生屏幕使用时长，以改善青少年心理健康水平。本研究也存在不足之处：对中学生体力活动和ST的计算为学生自主报告后计算得出，未来可采取更加客观的监测方法；在屏幕使用方面，除调查使用时长，可以拓展到视屏的类型和内容；研究分析基于横断面调查，无法推断因果关联，未来可以持续追踪，进一步探讨体力活动、ST与儿童青少年情绪行为问题的关联。
基金
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  • 上海市第六轮公共卫生三年行动计划重点学科项目(2023—2025年)(GWVI-11.1-31)
文献
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2025年第46卷第3期
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doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025078
  • 接收时间：2024-11-12
  • 首发时间：2026-11-06
  • 出版时间：2025-03-25
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  • 收稿日期：2024-11-12
  • 修回日期：2025-01-02
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上海市第六轮公共卫生三年行动计划重点学科项目(2023—2025年)(GWVI-11.1-31)
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    上海市疾病预防控制中心儿童青少年健康所，200336

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