Article(id=1325501741113942957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, issueId=1325501647736156411, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025066, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1729267200000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-19, revisedDate=1732464000000, revisedDateStr=2024-11-25, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793953841713, onlineDateStr=2026-11-06, pubDate=1742832000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793953841713, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793953841713, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793953841713, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1325501647736156411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, year='2025', volume='46', issue='3', pageStart='305', pageEnd='456', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1742832000000', pubDateStr='2025-03-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793953819450, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793953819450, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=416, endPage=420, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1325501741323658158, articleId=1325501741113942957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=EN, title=Time series analysis of weight changes among Han primary and secondary school students in Xinjiang from 1985 to 2019, columnId=1259565862181286284, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of School Health, columnName=Growth, Development and Surveillance, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyze the time-varying characteristics of weight among Han primary and secondary school students in Xinjiang from 1985 to 2019, so as to provide a scientific basis for formulating nutrition policies for adolescents in ethnic minority areas.

Methods

Weight data of Han primary and secondary school students aged 7-18 in Xinjiang from the National Student Physical Fitness and Health Survey from 1985 to 2019 were selected. Statistical analysis was conducted by using general linear model test, one-way ANOVA and t-test. The weight development trends in 2025 and 2030 were predicted through time-series analysis.

Results

From 1985 to 2019, the weight of Han Chinese boys and girls from primary and secondary schools in Xinjiang showed a continuous upward trend (boys: B=0.25, girls: B=0.16, P < 0.01). There were statistically significant differences in weight between boys and girls aged 7-18 in different years (boys: F=102.35-142.05, girls: F=98.03-140.59, P < 0.01). Compared with 1985, the weight of urban boys and girls increased by 11.92 and 7.95 kg in 2019, as well as rural boys and girls by 11.36 and 5.61 kg, and the average weight gain of urban students was greater than that of rural students. From 1985 to 2019, the weight of urban boys and girls were higher than that of rural boys and girls (boys: t=30.12-37.55, girls: t=30.12-38.64, P < 0.01). In 2005, the weight difference between urban and rural boys and girls was the largest, at 4.23 and 2.32 kg. The average weight of boys and girls in the age groups of 7-18 would continue to increase in 2025 and 2030; compared with 2019, the 7-year-old age group for boys and the 17-year-old age group for girls would have the largest growth in 2030 by 2.29 and 3.75 kg.

Conclusions

From 1985 to 2019, the weight of students aged 7-18 in Xinjiang showed an upward trend, and the weights of both boys and girls would gradually increase in 2025 and 2030. Attention should be paid to students' physical health and adopt comprehensive measures to prevente overweight and obesity.

, authors=Wen MA, Yixin LIU*, authorsList=Wen MA, Yixin LIU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yixin LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Chinese Journal of School Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1325501741764060079, articleId=1325501741113942957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=CN, title=新疆1985—2019年汉族中小学生体重变化时间序列分析, columnId=1259565866786632093, journalTitle=中国学校卫生, columnName=生长发育与健康监测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

分析1985—2019年新疆汉族中小学生体重变化规律,为少数民族地区青少年制定营养政策提供科学依据。

方法

选取1985—2019年全国学生体质与健康调研中新疆7~18岁汉族中小学生的体重测试数据,采用一般线性模型检验、单因素方差分析、t检验进行统计学分析,通过时间序列分析法预测2025和2030年的体重发育趋势。

结果

1985—2019年,新疆汉族男、女中小学生的体重呈现持续上升趋势(男生:B=0.25,女生:B=0.16);7~18岁各年龄组新疆男、女生体重各年份间差异均有统计学意义(男生:F=102.35~142.05,女生:F=98.03~140.59)(P值均 < 0.01)。与1985年相比,2019年城市男、女生和乡村男、女生体重分别增长了11.92,7.95;11.36,5.61 kg,城市学生体重增长均值大于乡村。1985—2019年,城市男、女生的体重均高于乡村男、女生(男生:t=30.12~37.55,女生:t=30.12~38.64,P值均 < 0.01);其中2005年城乡男、女生的体重差距最大,分别为4.23和2.32 kg。2025和2030年7~18各年龄组男女生体重均值继续增加;与2019年相比,2030年男生7岁年龄组增长最大(2.29 kg),女生17岁年龄组增长最大(3.75 kg)。

结论

1985—2019年新疆7~18岁学生体重呈现上升趋势,2025和2030年男女生体重均逐渐增加。需关注学生身体健康,预防并综合施策超重肥胖。

, authors=马雯, 刘一心*, authorsList=马雯, 刘一心, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=刘一心, authorNote=

马雯(1989-),女,新疆乌鲁木齐人,硕士,副教授,主要研究方向为体质与健康

, correspAuthorsNote=
刘一心,E-mail:
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(in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1325501742024106928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325501741113942957, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325501742036689841, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325501741113942957, companyId=1325501742024106928, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of Physical Education, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi(830054), Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325501742040884146, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325501741113942957, companyId=1325501742024106928, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=新疆师范大学体育学院,乌鲁木齐 830054)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1325501749167006662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325501741113942957, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Comparison of body weight of Han students of different ages in Xinjiang from 1985 to 2019(x ± s, kg)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄/岁男生女生
1985年1995年2005年2014年2019年F值1985年1995年2005年2014年2019年F值
720.93±0.0322.43±0.04*23.63±0.11*24.67±0.10*25.48±0.06*102.3520.13±0.0221.55±0.06*22.43±0.04*23.23±0.04*22.22±0.10*98.03
822.97±0.0324.42±0.03*25.96±0.11*26.57±0.10*27.03±0.16*114.7821.56±0.0223.70 ±0.06*24.96±0.04*25.47±0.04*24.97±0.11*102.90
925.11±0.0327.63±0.03*28.20±0.11*29.61±0.11*32.18±0.16*117.9224.44±0.0226.33±0.06*27.44±0.04*28.54±0.04*29.59±0.12*119.99
1027.42±0.0230.46±0.06*31.35±0.13*34.36±0.12*35.13±0.17*110.4525.13±0.0229.75 ±0.06*30.41±0.04*30.97±0.04*31.65±0.10*107.83
1130.33±0.0233.93±0.06*36.13±0.13*39.13±0.12*41.24±0.11*113.6729.34±0.0234.03±0.05*35.80±0.04*37.32±0.06*37.11±0.06*118.73
1233.05±0.0237.39±0.06*38.78±0.13*45.40±0.12*44.69±0.17*118.2338.98±0.0238.46±0.05*39.76±0.05*41.38±0.06*41.77±0.06*129.93
1338.39±0.0544.19±0.05*47.38±0.13*46.34±0.13*51.56±0.18*120.8937.44±0.0243.18±0.05*44.18±0.08*45.82±0.07*47.42±0.06*128.69
1444.00±0.0550.35±0.05*50.56±0.13*55.00±0.15*59.08±0.11*125.3443.55±0.0245.81±0.05*47.32±0.08*49.70±0.07*51.58±0.06*132.33
1554.94±0.0452.14±0.12*53.59±0.14*58.88±0.16*63.77±0.19*130.1247.55±0.0247.95±0.07*48.74±0.08*49.82±0.08*53.71±0.07*136.67
1655.49±0.0455.38±0.09*56.66±0.14*61.37±0.18*64.88±0.19*138.5648.78±0.0249.52±0.07*50.74±0.08*51.56±0.08*55.59±0.12*143.31
1758.57±0.0456.78±0.07*59.62±0.16*60.89±0.19*64.58±0.19*139.7949.21±0.0250.16±0.07*51.38±0.08*52.55±0.12*56.68±0.12*136.24
1860.02±0.0358.51±0.08*62.19±0.16*62.09±0.1968.12±0.25*142.0549.77±0.0250.50±0.07*51.44±0.08*51.90±0.08*56.30±0.12*140.59
), ArticleFig(id=1325501749259281351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325501741113942957, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

新疆1985—2019年汉族不同年龄中小学生体重比较(x ± s, kg)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄/岁男生女生
1985年1995年2005年2014年2019年F值1985年1995年2005年2014年2019年F值
720.93±0.0322.43±0.04*23.63±0.11*24.67±0.10*25.48±0.06*102.3520.13±0.0221.55±0.06*22.43±0.04*23.23±0.04*22.22±0.10*98.03
822.97±0.0324.42±0.03*25.96±0.11*26.57±0.10*27.03±0.16*114.7821.56±0.0223.70 ±0.06*24.96±0.04*25.47±0.04*24.97±0.11*102.90
925.11±0.0327.63±0.03*28.20±0.11*29.61±0.11*32.18±0.16*117.9224.44±0.0226.33±0.06*27.44±0.04*28.54±0.04*29.59±0.12*119.99
1027.42±0.0230.46±0.06*31.35±0.13*34.36±0.12*35.13±0.17*110.4525.13±0.0229.75 ±0.06*30.41±0.04*30.97±0.04*31.65±0.10*107.83
1130.33±0.0233.93±0.06*36.13±0.13*39.13±0.12*41.24±0.11*113.6729.34±0.0234.03±0.05*35.80±0.04*37.32±0.06*37.11±0.06*118.73
1233.05±0.0237.39±0.06*38.78±0.13*45.40±0.12*44.69±0.17*118.2338.98±0.0238.46±0.05*39.76±0.05*41.38±0.06*41.77±0.06*129.93
1338.39±0.0544.19±0.05*47.38±0.13*46.34±0.13*51.56±0.18*120.8937.44±0.0243.18±0.05*44.18±0.08*45.82±0.07*47.42±0.06*128.69
1444.00±0.0550.35±0.05*50.56±0.13*55.00±0.15*59.08±0.11*125.3443.55±0.0245.81±0.05*47.32±0.08*49.70±0.07*51.58±0.06*132.33
1554.94±0.0452.14±0.12*53.59±0.14*58.88±0.16*63.77±0.19*130.1247.55±0.0247.95±0.07*48.74±0.08*49.82±0.08*53.71±0.07*136.67
1655.49±0.0455.38±0.09*56.66±0.14*61.37±0.18*64.88±0.19*138.5648.78±0.0249.52±0.07*50.74±0.08*51.56±0.08*55.59±0.12*143.31
1758.57±0.0456.78±0.07*59.62±0.16*60.89±0.19*64.58±0.19*139.7949.21±0.0250.16±0.07*51.38±0.08*52.55±0.12*56.68±0.12*136.24
1860.02±0.0358.51±0.08*62.19±0.16*62.09±0.1968.12±0.25*142.0549.77±0.0250.50±0.07*51.44±0.08*51.90±0.08*56.30±0.12*140.59
), ArticleFig(id=1325501749582242760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325501741113942957, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

The time series of increase amount and rate in average body weight of Han male and female students aged 7 to 18 in Xinjiang from 1985 to 2019

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄/岁年份男生增长量/kg男生增长速度/%女生增长量/kg女生增长速度/%
逐期累计逐期累计逐期累计逐期累计
719950.410.221.993.212.402.683.534.08
20051.141.903.044.752.633.183.904.46
20141.052.912.863.612.754.622.065.46
20191.325.152.956.112.821.903.514.42
819952.833.473.466.804.514.052.651.76
20054.776.270.948.664.253.572.812.00
20143.804.145.264.364.665.654.162.13
20193.456.877.524.693.864.412.402.72
919956.161.793.241.401.320.650.222.40
20053.882.49-0.481.201.170.340.402.63
20143.762.291.870.621.881.09-0.382.75
20191.11-0.303.540.012.250.290.772.82
1019951.731.993.212.832.683.534.084.51
20051.903.044.754.773.183.904.464.25
20142.912.863.613.804.622.065.464.66
20195.152.956.113.451.903.514.423.86
1119953.473.466.806.164.052.651.761.32
20056.270.948.663.883.572.812.001.17
20144.145.264.363.765.652.754.622.06
20196.877.524.691.114.412.402.722.25
1219951.793.241.401.730.650.222.402.68
20052.49-0.481.201.900.340.402.633.18
20142.291.870.622.915.464.665.654.16
2019-0.303.540.015.150.290.772.821.90
1319950.410.221.993.212.402.683.534.08
20051.141.903.044.752.633.183.904.46
20141.052.912.863.612.754.622.065.46
20191.325.152.956.112.821.903.514.42
1419952.833.473.466.804.514.052.651.76
20054.776.270.948.664.253.572.812.00
20143.804.145.264.364.665.654.162.13
20193.456.877.524.693.864.412.402.72
1519956.161.793.241.401.320.650.222.40
20053.882.49-0.481.201.170.340.402.63
20143.762.291.870.621.881.09-0.382.75
20191.11-0.303.540.012.250.290.772.82
1619951.731.993.212.832.683.534.084.51
20051.903.044.754.773.183.904.464.25
20142.912.863.613.804.622.065.464.66
20195.152.956.113.451.903.514.423.86
1719953.473.466.806.164.052.651.761.32
20056.270.948.663.883.572.812.001.17
20144.145.264.363.765.652.754.622.06
20196.877.524.691.114.412.402.722.25
1819951.793.241.401.730.650.222.402.68
20052.49-0.481.201.900.340.402.633.18
20142.291.870.622.915.464.665.654.16
2019-0.303.540.015.150.290.772.821.90
), ArticleFig(id=1325501749678711753, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325501741113942957, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

新疆1985—2019年7~18岁不同性别汉族学生体重均值时间序列增长量和增长速度

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年龄/岁年份男生增长量/kg男生增长速度/%女生增长量/kg女生增长速度/%
逐期累计逐期累计逐期累计逐期累计
719950.410.221.993.212.402.683.534.08
20051.141.903.044.752.633.183.904.46
20141.052.912.863.612.754.622.065.46
20191.325.152.956.112.821.903.514.42
819952.833.473.466.804.514.052.651.76
20054.776.270.948.664.253.572.812.00
20143.804.145.264.364.665.654.162.13
20193.456.877.524.693.864.412.402.72
919956.161.793.241.401.320.650.222.40
20053.882.49-0.481.201.170.340.402.63
20143.762.291.870.621.881.09-0.382.75
20191.11-0.303.540.012.250.290.772.82
1019951.731.993.212.832.683.534.084.51
20051.903.044.754.773.183.904.464.25
20142.912.863.613.804.622.065.464.66
20195.152.956.113.451.903.514.423.86
1119953.473.466.806.164.052.651.761.32
20056.270.948.663.883.572.812.001.17
20144.145.264.363.765.652.754.622.06
20196.877.524.691.114.412.402.722.25
1219951.793.241.401.730.650.222.402.68
20052.49-0.481.201.900.340.402.633.18
20142.291.870.622.915.464.665.654.16
2019-0.303.540.015.150.290.772.821.90
1319950.410.221.993.212.402.683.534.08
20051.141.903.044.752.633.183.904.46
20141.052.912.863.612.754.622.065.46
20191.325.152.956.112.821.903.514.42
1419952.833.473.466.804.514.052.651.76
20054.776.270.948.664.253.572.812.00
20143.804.145.264.364.665.654.162.13
20193.456.877.524.693.864.412.402.72
1519956.161.793.241.401.320.650.222.40
20053.882.49-0.481.201.170.340.402.63
20143.762.291.870.621.881.09-0.382.75
20191.11-0.303.540.012.250.290.772.82
1619951.731.993.212.832.683.534.084.51
20051.903.044.754.773.183.904.464.25
20142.912.863.613.804.622.065.464.66
20195.152.956.113.451.903.514.423.86
1719953.473.466.806.164.052.651.761.32
20056.270.948.663.883.572.812.001.17
20144.145.264.363.765.652.754.622.06
20196.877.524.691.114.412.402.722.25
1819951.793.241.401.730.650.222.402.68
20052.49-0.481.201.900.340.402.633.18
20142.291.870.622.915.464.665.654.16
2019-0.303.540.015.150.290.772.821.90
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Body weight difference between urban and rural areas of Han primary and secondary school students of different genders in Xinjiang from 1985 to 2019(x ± s, kg)

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性别年份城市乡村t值
人数体重人数体重
男19853 66838.68±13.624 28336.88±13.4030.12
19951 80042.44±14.901 80039.17±13.9637.55
20052 60846.07±16.282 53041.84±14.7830.45
20141 80049.13±17.171 80046.05±16.2436.44
20191 81350.60±18.381 69348.20±17.6135.64
女19854 28336.86±11.634 28335.93±12.1630.12
19951 80039.33±12.101 80037.40±12.0732.55
20052 61541.41±12.582 50239.09±12.1432.45
20141 80043.57±13.001 80041.78±12.6237.44
20191 78944.81±13.961 70243.56±13.5938.64
), ArticleFig(id=1325501749888426955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325501741113942957, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

新疆1985—2019年汉族不同性别中小学生体重城乡比较(x ± s,kg)

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性别年份城市乡村t值
人数体重人数体重
男19853 66838.68±13.624 28336.88±13.4030.12
19951 80042.44±14.901 80039.17±13.9637.55
20052 60846.07±16.282 53041.84±14.7830.45
20141 80049.13±17.171 80046.05±16.2436.44
20191 81350.60±18.381 69348.20±17.6135.64
女19854 28336.86±11.634 28335.93±12.1630.12
19951 80039.33±12.101 80037.40±12.0732.55
20052 61541.41±12.582 50239.09±12.1432.45
20141 80043.57±13.001 80041.78±12.6237.44
20191 78944.81±13.961 70243.56±13.5938.64
), ArticleFig(id=1325501750005867468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325501741113942957, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Estimation and prediction of body weight model parameters of primary and secondary school students of different genders from 1985 to 2019 in Xinjiang in 2025 and 2030

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性别年龄/岁ARIMA模型AR系数t值P值Box-Ljung Test P值2019年均值/kg2025年预测值(95%CI)/kg2030年预测值(95%CI)/kg
男73, 2, 00.920.67< 0.010.8527.0328.43(27.12~29.32)29.32(28.11~29.66)
82, 1, 00.951.78< 0.010.0131.6832.24(31.45~33.65)33.46(32.56~34.25)
93, 2, 00.621.03< 0.010.0334.6735.09(34.66~35.96)36.23(34.96~37.12)
103, 2, 0-0.4129.79< 0.010.0140.6841.21(40.68~42.35)41.27(40.68~42.35)
113, 1, 0-0.52-0.18< 0.010.0644.1344.64(44.12~45.32)44.76(44.12~45.32)
122, 1, 00.9523.03< 0.010.7650.9351.42(50.96~52.14)51.63(50.96~52.14)
133, 1, 0-0.587.54< 0.010.2258.6058.91(57.98~59.67)59.13(57.98~59.67)
143, 1, 00.9430.87< 0.010.9662.4462.96(61.34~64.23)63.84(61.34~64.23)
153, 1, 00.9437.19< 0.010.6064.0064.56(63.56~66.45)65.21(63.56~66.45)
163, 2, 00.910.71< 0.010.9963.8264.80(63.56~66.45)65.32(63.56~66.45)
173, 2, 00.8910.23< 0.010.7467.7768.22(67.34~68.45)68.69(67.76~69.23)
183, 1, 00.927.71< 0.010.2367.8568.54(67.76~69.23)69.12(68.76~69.97)
女72, 1, 00.9417.38< 0.010.8921.9122.26(21.95~23.42)23.45(22.35~24.12)
83, 1, 00.9213.22< 0.010.4024.7025.00(24.36~25.68)25.78(24.69~26.22)
91, 3, 0-0.98-43.28< 0.010.9727.9628.57(27.63~29.14)29.71(28.14~30.21)
101, 2, 0-0.99-74.53< 0.010.9630.7531.22(30.52~32.14)31.74(30.78~32.54)
113, 2, 00.9618.13< 0.010.3435.6936.81(34.96~37.12)37.38(35.75~38.23)
123, 1, 00.976.57< 0.010.5339.9541.42(40.68~42.35)42.03(41.21~42.98)
133, 1, 00.983.06< 0.010.7744.9845.72(44.35~46.32)47.36(45.68~48.21)
142, 1, 00.973.96< 0.010.7448.2649.63(48.12~50.16)51.32(50.96~52.14)
153, 1, 00.983.21< 0.010.9450.6853.66(51.65~54.32)54.12(53.69~55.32)
160, 2, 00.9510.25< 0.010.0452.7553.74(51.65~54.32)54.68(53.69~55.32)
170, 3, 0-0.97-23.56< 0.010.0353.4456.16(55.32~56.98)57.19(55.32~58.21)
180, 2, 00.992.47< 0.010.0453.6355.45(54.32~56.51)56.96(55.32~58.21)
), ArticleFig(id=1325501750093947853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325501741113942957, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

新疆不同性别中小学生体重模型参数估计及2025和2030年预测值

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性别年龄/岁ARIMA模型AR系数t值P值Box-Ljung Test P值2019年均值/kg2025年预测值(95%CI)/kg2030年预测值(95%CI)/kg
男73, 2, 00.920.67< 0.010.8527.0328.43(27.12~29.32)29.32(28.11~29.66)
82, 1, 00.951.78< 0.010.0131.6832.24(31.45~33.65)33.46(32.56~34.25)
93, 2, 00.621.03< 0.010.0334.6735.09(34.66~35.96)36.23(34.96~37.12)
103, 2, 0-0.4129.79< 0.010.0140.6841.21(40.68~42.35)41.27(40.68~42.35)
113, 1, 0-0.52-0.18< 0.010.0644.1344.64(44.12~45.32)44.76(44.12~45.32)
122, 1, 00.9523.03< 0.010.7650.9351.42(50.96~52.14)51.63(50.96~52.14)
133, 1, 0-0.587.54< 0.010.2258.6058.91(57.98~59.67)59.13(57.98~59.67)
143, 1, 00.9430.87< 0.010.9662.4462.96(61.34~64.23)63.84(61.34~64.23)
153, 1, 00.9437.19< 0.010.6064.0064.56(63.56~66.45)65.21(63.56~66.45)
163, 2, 00.910.71< 0.010.9963.8264.80(63.56~66.45)65.32(63.56~66.45)
173, 2, 00.8910.23< 0.010.7467.7768.22(67.34~68.45)68.69(67.76~69.23)
183, 1, 00.927.71< 0.010.2367.8568.54(67.76~69.23)69.12(68.76~69.97)
女72, 1, 00.9417.38< 0.010.8921.9122.26(21.95~23.42)23.45(22.35~24.12)
83, 1, 00.9213.22< 0.010.4024.7025.00(24.36~25.68)25.78(24.69~26.22)
91, 3, 0-0.98-43.28< 0.010.9727.9628.57(27.63~29.14)29.71(28.14~30.21)
101, 2, 0-0.99-74.53< 0.010.9630.7531.22(30.52~32.14)31.74(30.78~32.54)
113, 2, 00.9618.13< 0.010.3435.6936.81(34.96~37.12)37.38(35.75~38.23)
123, 1, 00.976.57< 0.010.5339.9541.42(40.68~42.35)42.03(41.21~42.98)
133, 1, 00.983.06< 0.010.7744.9845.72(44.35~46.32)47.36(45.68~48.21)
142, 1, 00.973.96< 0.010.7448.2649.63(48.12~50.16)51.32(50.96~52.14)
153, 1, 00.983.21< 0.010.9450.6853.66(51.65~54.32)54.12(53.69~55.32)
160, 2, 00.9510.25< 0.010.0452.7553.74(51.65~54.32)54.68(53.69~55.32)
170, 3, 0-0.97-23.56< 0.010.0353.4456.16(55.32~56.98)57.19(55.32~58.21)
180, 2, 00.992.47< 0.010.0453.6355.45(54.32~56.51)56.96(55.32~58.21)
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新疆1985—2019年汉族中小学生体重变化时间序列分析
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马雯 , 刘一心 *
中国学校卫生 | 生长发育与健康监测 2025,46(3): 416-420
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中国学校卫生 |生长发育与健康监测 2025 , 46 (3) : 416 -420
新疆1985—2019年汉族中小学生体重变化时间序列分析
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马雯, 刘一心*
作者信息
  • 新疆师范大学体育学院,乌鲁木齐 830054
通讯作者:
刘一心,E-mail:
作者简介:

马雯(1989-),女,新疆乌鲁木齐人,硕士,副教授,主要研究方向为体质与健康

Time series analysis of weight changes among Han primary and secondary school students in Xinjiang from 1985 to 2019
Wen MA, Yixin LIU*
Affiliations
  • Department of Physical Education, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi(830054), Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
出版时间: 2025-03-25 doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025066
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目的

分析1985—2019年新疆汉族中小学生体重变化规律,为少数民族地区青少年制定营养政策提供科学依据。

方法

选取1985—2019年全国学生体质与健康调研中新疆7~18岁汉族中小学生的体重测试数据,采用一般线性模型检验、单因素方差分析、t检验进行统计学分析,通过时间序列分析法预测2025和2030年的体重发育趋势。

结果

1985—2019年,新疆汉族男、女中小学生的体重呈现持续上升趋势(男生:B=0.25,女生:B=0.16);7~18岁各年龄组新疆男、女生体重各年份间差异均有统计学意义(男生:F=102.35~142.05,女生:F=98.03~140.59)(P值均 < 0.01)。与1985年相比,2019年城市男、女生和乡村男、女生体重分别增长了11.92,7.95;11.36,5.61 kg,城市学生体重增长均值大于乡村。1985—2019年,城市男、女生的体重均高于乡村男、女生(男生:t=30.12~37.55,女生:t=30.12~38.64,P值均 < 0.01);其中2005年城乡男、女生的体重差距最大,分别为4.23和2.32 kg。2025和2030年7~18各年龄组男女生体重均值继续增加;与2019年相比,2030年男生7岁年龄组增长最大(2.29 kg),女生17岁年龄组增长最大(3.75 kg)。

结论

1985—2019年新疆7~18岁学生体重呈现上升趋势,2025和2030年男女生体重均逐渐增加。需关注学生身体健康,预防并综合施策超重肥胖。

体重  /  时间  /  序列分析  /  学生
Objective

To analyze the time-varying characteristics of weight among Han primary and secondary school students in Xinjiang from 1985 to 2019, so as to provide a scientific basis for formulating nutrition policies for adolescents in ethnic minority areas.

Methods

Weight data of Han primary and secondary school students aged 7-18 in Xinjiang from the National Student Physical Fitness and Health Survey from 1985 to 2019 were selected. Statistical analysis was conducted by using general linear model test, one-way ANOVA and t-test. The weight development trends in 2025 and 2030 were predicted through time-series analysis.

Results

From 1985 to 2019, the weight of Han Chinese boys and girls from primary and secondary schools in Xinjiang showed a continuous upward trend (boys: B=0.25, girls: B=0.16, P < 0.01). There were statistically significant differences in weight between boys and girls aged 7-18 in different years (boys: F=102.35-142.05, girls: F=98.03-140.59, P < 0.01). Compared with 1985, the weight of urban boys and girls increased by 11.92 and 7.95 kg in 2019, as well as rural boys and girls by 11.36 and 5.61 kg, and the average weight gain of urban students was greater than that of rural students. From 1985 to 2019, the weight of urban boys and girls were higher than that of rural boys and girls (boys: t=30.12-37.55, girls: t=30.12-38.64, P < 0.01). In 2005, the weight difference between urban and rural boys and girls was the largest, at 4.23 and 2.32 kg. The average weight of boys and girls in the age groups of 7-18 would continue to increase in 2025 and 2030; compared with 2019, the 7-year-old age group for boys and the 17-year-old age group for girls would have the largest growth in 2030 by 2.29 and 3.75 kg.

Conclusions

From 1985 to 2019, the weight of students aged 7-18 in Xinjiang showed an upward trend, and the weights of both boys and girls would gradually increase in 2025 and 2030. Attention should be paid to students' physical health and adopt comprehensive measures to prevente overweight and obesity.

Body weight  /  Time  /  Sequence analysis  /  Students
马雯, 刘一心. 新疆1985—2019年汉族中小学生体重变化时间序列分析. 中国学校卫生, 2025 , 46 (3) : 416 -420 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025066
Wen MA, Yixin LIU. Time series analysis of weight changes among Han primary and secondary school students in Xinjiang from 1985 to 2019[J]. Chinese Journal of School Health, 2025 , 46 (3) : 416 -420 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025066
从1985年起,我国依托学校系统建立了具有中国特色的、每5年一次的学生体质调研制度,已成为我国学生体质与健康状况的权威调研机制[1]。自改革开放以来,中国经历了快速的经济增长和城市化,但城市地区和农村地区的经济发展、公共卫生条件、教育水平等方面依然存在差异[2]。体重作为评价儿童和青少年生长发育的重要指标之一,对其进行长期追踪具有重要的理论和实践意义,有助于为政策制定者提供科学依据,以制定针对性的健康干预措施[3-4]。笔者采用时间序列分析方法,通过对新疆汉族学生体重数据的长期追踪,探讨体重发育的趋势和相关因素,为政策制定者提供科学依据。
选用1985—2019年全国学生体质与健康调研中新疆汉族7~18岁中小学生的体重测试数据。1985—1991年的测试时间为3—6月,后续每次调查的测试时间为9—11月。样本量分别为1985年男生7 951名、女生8 566名,1995年男生3 600名、女生3 600名,2005年男生5 138名、女生5 117名,2014年男生3 600名、女生3 600名,2019年男生3 509名、女生3 491名。所有研究对象及监护人均自愿参加,同时签署知情同意书。研究为公开数据,可免除伦理审查。
依据全国学生体质与健康调研工作手册要求[5],由经过统一培训并考核合格的调查员测量体重,精确到0.1 kg,同时现场配有专门的监督人员进行质量控制。
依据全国学生体质与健康调研工作手册要求,检测队伍由体育和卫生专业技术人员组成,检测过程严格按照工作手册的步骤进行体重的测量,采用统一规定的体重计,并在使用前先对仪器进行校正,以确保仪器的精度和灵敏度,被测者在测量前排空大小便、仅着单衣,采用规定的站姿立于测量台上,精确到0.1 kg,检测人员接受统一的培训且考核合格后参与检测工作,为保证质量,每轮现场检测安排专家进行监督,数据统一采用双人录入的方式且保证随测随录。若2名录入人员所录结果相差较大则按时反馈、及时重测。
利用Excel 2021软件录入数据,采用SPSS 27.0统计软件对数据进行描述性统计分析,符合正态分布的计量资料用(x ± s)描述。男、女生总体的身高和体重趋势使用一般线性模型检验。采用单因素方差分析检验男、女生各年龄组体重在各年份间的差异,使用Bonferroni法进行事后比较,检验相邻年份间均值的差异。计算各年龄男女生体重的逐期和累计增长量(kg)和增长速度(%),男女生的城乡体重差异分析使用t检验。检验水准α=0.05。
通过时间序列分析法[6-7]预测2025和2030年中小学生体重变化趋势,该法的两个主要目标为通过构建数据生成模型来阐明观测序列的随机生成机制;利用历史数据和其他相关序列或因素,对序列的未来值进行预测或预报[8-9]。根据原序列的平稳特性以及回归模型中的不同成分,自回归求和移动平均(autoregressive integrated moving average,ARIMA)模型可以细分为移动平均(moving average,MA)、自回归(autoregressive,AR)、自回归移动平均(auto regressive moving average,ARMA)及ARIMA等4个过程[10]。其中MA模型关注当前值与过去误差项之间的关系,表示当前值与前几个时间点误差之间的线性关系;AR模型关注当前值与过去值之间的关系,表示当前值与前几个时间点的值之间的线性关系;ARMA模型是AR模型和MA模型的有机组合,适用于处理时间序列通过预处理之后为平稳非白噪声序列的数据;ARIMA模型是在ARMA模型的基础上,通过加入差分(I)运算适应非平稳时间序列数据,差分运算可以将非平稳数据转换成平稳数据,然后继续使用ARMA模型进行拟合。ARIMA模型结合AR和MA的概念,以及差分(I)的操作,其核心思想是利用过去的观测值来预测未来的值。
1985—2019年男生[B值(95%CI)= 0.25(0.15~0.35)]和女生的体重[B值(95%CI)=0.16 (0.11~0.21)]均呈线性增长趋势(P值均 < 0.01)。
由表1可见,1985—2019年7~18岁各年龄组男、女生体重各年份间差异均有统计学意义(P值均 < 0.01);与前一年份相比,除2014年18岁男生外,各组间体重差异均有统计学意义(P值均 < 0.05)。1995年男生7~18岁的体重环比增长均值下降了1.24 kg。此后2005—2019年,男生体重增长均值持续上升,分别达到1.84,1.52,1.67,2.04和2.44 kg。其中在2014—2019年间,增长均值达到最高(2.44 kg)。女生体重环比增长均值与男生相似,其中2014—2019年间增长均值达到最高。见表2。
由表3可知,各年份新疆城市男生的体重均值均大于乡村(P值均 < 0.01)。1985年城乡差异为1.80 kg,随时间差距逐渐增加;其中在2005年城乡差距最大,为4.23 kg,随后在2019年差异减小到2.40 kg,但总体上34年间城乡体重差距增加。各年份新疆城市女生的体重均值均大于乡村(P值均 < 0.01)。1985年城乡差异为0.93 kg,1995—2014年城乡女生的体重均值相差在2 kg以上,2014—2019年城乡差异减少,但仍大于1985年。
所有性别和年龄组模型的AR系数统计检验P值均 < 0.01;除8~11岁男生和16~18岁女生的模型外,其余模型均通过Box-Ljung检验(P值均>0.05)。ARIMA模型预测结果显示,2025和2030年新疆7~18岁各年龄组汉族学生体重均值将持续增加。2025年男生预测体重均值较2019年增加并不多,而女生在15,17和18岁预测体重均值增长的较多,分别为2.98,2.72和1.82 kg,提示未来新疆7~18岁汉族女生体重增长幅度大于男生,女生面临超重肥胖的风险大于男生。见表4。
1985—2019年新疆7~18岁汉族学生体重随时间而逐渐增加,2014—2019年期间体重均值增量减少,环比增长速度男生大于女生;男生体重增长快速期为13~14岁,而女生为11~12岁。特别是在经济快速发展和生活方式改变的地区[11],相关研究结果表明,中国7~18岁儿童青少年在2004,2006和2009年超重肥胖比例分别为13.2%,14.7%和18.0%,而全学龄段的肥胖比例正不断增加[12]。经济的发展和城镇化促进了农村儿童青少年的营养转型,营养转型期儿童青少年的饮食特征主要表现为传统食品消费量减少,“超加工”高糖、高脂肪食品消费量增加,久坐活动时间增加[13-15]。随着农村与城市一体化的逐步深入和人均国内生产总值的提升,城市与乡村儿童青少年在身高和体重方面的差异正慢慢变小[16]。此外,社会经济状态的改变可能会影响儿童青少年的生活方式和饮食习惯,从而影响体重[17]。研究结果显示,城市学生体重增长均值大于乡村,但差异逐渐减小。主要原因可能是随着我国经济的快速发展,农村与城市之间的差距逐渐缩小,使得城市与乡村学生在身高和体重方面的差异逐渐减小。1985—2014年体重上的差异持续扩大,然而到了2014年,无论男女,城乡之间的体重差异均呈现缩减态势。随着农村与城市融合发展的加快和居民人均国内生产总值的增长,城乡儿童青少年的身高和体重发育差异正在缩小。尽管城市儿童肥胖症的发病率较农村儿童更高,但自1995年始,农村儿童肥胖症的发病率增长速度超过了城市,城乡之间的差异正在缩小[18]。本研究结果显示,学生体重增长性别间存在明显的差异。具体来说,1985—2005年,男生的体重巅峰增长年龄保持在13岁,然而在1995年之后,该年龄提前至12岁。相较之下,女生的体重增长模式则展现出不同趋势,其体重最大增加年龄从12岁提前到了11岁。
体重预测结果表明,2025和2030年新疆学生体重均逐渐增加,女生预测体重增长幅度大于男生。需加强对青少年的体育锻炼,通过综合措施,保持良好的生活习惯和饮食结构,防止超重肥胖的发生。

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2025年第46卷第3期
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doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025066
  • 接收时间:2024-10-19
  • 首发时间:2026-11-06
  • 出版时间:2025-03-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-10-19
  • 修回日期:2024-11-25
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    新疆师范大学体育学院,乌鲁木齐 830054

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