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Article(id=1325500839929983584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, issueId=1325500677975318675, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025042, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1729785600000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-25, revisedDate=1732896000000, revisedDateStr=2024-11-30, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793953626854, onlineDateStr=2026-11-06, pubDate=1740412800000, pubDateStr=2025-02-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793953626854, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793953626854, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793953626854, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1325500677975318675, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, year='2025', volume='46', issue='2', pageStart='153', pageEnd='304', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1740412800000', pubDateStr='2025-02-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793953588241, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793953588241, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=234, endPage=238, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1325500842845024865, articleId=1325500839929983584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=EN, title=Effectiveness and text analysis of Chinese adolescents mental health promotion policy, columnId=1259565855189418448, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of School Health, columnName=Mental Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyze the issuance of Chinese adolescents mental health promotion policies and policy objects, and to explore the use of different object policy tools and the effectiveness of the policy, so as to provide reference for the improvement of the subsequent policy.

Methods

Adolescents' mental health promotion policies published and policy documents that included adolescents in mental health promotion policies and regulations in China from 2014 to the present were obtained, with the search period of July to August 2024. Policy content and effectiveness were analyzed by using content cross-tabulation analysis and Policy Modeling Consistency Index Model (PMC index model). It coded with Nvivo 20 software to understand the types of tools that policy depends on.

Results

A total of 41 documents were included. The number of adolescent mental health promotion policy texts rose by year, most of which were issued independently, accounting for 70% of the total number of texts issued; 30% were jointly issued, with the Ministry of Education and the National Health Commission as the core subjects. Supply-type policy tools accounted for 47.45% of the total, while environment-type and demand-type policy tools accounted for 29.68% and 22.87% respectively; the use of policy tools by different policy targets varies, with families and social organizations using more supply-type and demand-type policy tools, while the education system and healthcare institutions were more inclined to supply-type policy tools, and the government departments were more inclined to supply-type policy tools and environment-type policy tools. In terms of policy effectiveness, there was a common problem of a lack of incentives and constraints, and the PMC values of two long-term planning mental health policies were high (7.76, 7.56), and both reached the excellent level.

Conclusions

China has paid more attention to adolescents' mental health, and the basic guarantees have been established and overall policy effectiveness is good, but the use of policy tools is uneven. There is a need to improve the operational content of medium- and long-term policies and to strengthen synergies between implementing departments.

, authors=Yajuan FANG1, Xiaoyan WU2, Xiaowan CHEN1, Ren CHEN1, Zhongliang BAI1, Jing YAN*, 1, authorsList=Yajuan FANG, Xiaoyan WU, Xiaowan CHEN, Ren CHEN, Zhongliang BAI, Jing YAN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jing YAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Chinese Journal of School Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1325500851703394919, articleId=1325500839929983584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=CN, title=中国青少年心理健康促进政策文本与效力分析, columnId=1259565858817491410, journalTitle=中国学校卫生, columnName=心理卫生, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

分析中国青少年心理健康促进政策的发文情况、政策主体，探究不同客体政策工具的使用以及政策效力，为后续政策的完善提供参考。

方法

获取2014年至今中国公布的青少年心理健康促进政策以及心理健康促进政策法规中包含青少年的政策文件，检索时间为2024年7—8月。使用内容交叉分析法和政策效能评估模型(PMC指数模型)对政策内容和效力进行分析，通过Nvivo 20软件进行编码了解政策依赖的工具类型。

结果

共纳入41份文件，青少年心理健康促进政策文本数量呈逐年上升趋势，多为独立发文，占发文总体的70%；联合发文占30%，其中教育部、国家卫生健康委为核心主体。供给型政策工具使用占47.45%，环境型及需求型使用占比分别为29.68%和22.87%；不同政策客体的政策工具使用侧重不同，家庭以及社会组织供给型以及需求型政策工具使用较多，而教育系统以及医疗机构更偏向于使用供给型政策工具，政府部门偏向于供给型以及环境型政策工具；政策效力方面，存在激励约束缺失的共性问题，2项长期指导性心理健康政策PMC值较高(7.76，7.56)，达到优秀等级。

结论

国家对于青少年心理健康关注加强，基础保障已经建立，总体政策效力较好，但政策工具使用不均衡，需完善中长期政策的可操作性内容，并加强执行部门间的协同合作。

, authors=房亚娟1, 伍晓艳2, 陈晓婉1, 陈任1, 白忠良1, 严静*, 1, authorsList=房亚娟, 伍晓艳, 陈晓婉, 陈任, 白忠良, 严静, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=严静, authorNote=

房亚娟(2002-)，女，江苏盐城人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为儿童青少年心理健康

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严静，E-mail:
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房亚娟(2002-)，女，江苏盐城人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为儿童青少年心理健康

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房亚娟(2002-)，女，江苏盐城人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为儿童青少年心理健康

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(2024-05-09)[2024-11-08]. http://www.moe.gov.cn/srcsite/A17/moe_943/moe_946/202405/t20240511_1129911.html., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325500883542356684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500839929983584, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=23, rfOrder=34, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=董妍, 俞国良. 党的十八大以来青少年心理健康教育政策的演进[J]. 人民论坛·学术前沿, 2024(19): 91-100., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325500883609465549, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500839929983584, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=23, rfOrder=35, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DONG Y, YU G L. The evolution of adolescent mental health education policies since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China[J]. Frontiers, 2024(19): 91-100. (in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325500883672380110, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500839929983584, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=24, rfOrder=36, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HACK S M, MURALIDHARAN A, BROWN C H, et al. Stigma and discrimination as correlates of mental health treatment engagement among adults with serious mental illness[J]. Psychiatr Rehabil J, 2020, 43(2): 106-110., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1325500874419745445, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500839929983584, awardId=null, language=CN, fundingSource=国家社科基金一般项目(24BGL269)；安徽省教育厅杰出青年科研项目(2022AH020049)；安徽省高校优秀科研创新团队项目(2023AH010036), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1325500853334979176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500839929983584, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325500853351756393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500839929983584, companyId=1325500853334979176, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Health Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei (230032), Anhui Province, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325500853368533610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500839929983584, companyId=1325500853334979176, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1安徽医科大学卫生管理学院，合肥 230032)]), AuthorCompany(id=1325500853800546923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500839929983584, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325500854186422892, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500839929983584, companyId=1325500853800546923, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2安徽医科大学公共卫生学院)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1325500870275773078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500839929983584, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Collaborative publication network diagram of the main body of the joint issuance policy, figureFileSmall=XzowOn5J+E9A6WfPovOiww==, figureFileBig=fJsOWze7wC8ROKGvv7g4cw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325500870636483223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500839929983584, language=CN, label=图1, caption=政策主体联合发文网络关系, figureFileSmall=XzowOn5J+E9A6WfPovOiww==, figureFileBig=fJsOWze7wC8ROKGvv7g4cw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325500871785722520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500839929983584, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Cross-analysis of policy instruments and policy targets of adolescent mental health policies, figureFileSmall=XVxglhn/uCu1HJWIBPsNUQ==, figureFileBig=KPsh3lF2m7dbxTdCI2i70w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325500873073373850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500839929983584, language=CN, label=图2, caption=青少年心理健康促进政策工具与政策客体交叉分析, figureFileSmall=XVxglhn/uCu1HJWIBPsNUQ==, figureFileBig=KPsh3lF2m7dbxTdCI2i70w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325500873174037147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500839929983584, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

PMC variable settings

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
一级变量二级变量
政策性质预测；监管；建议；支持；指导
政策时效长期；中期；短期
政策内容政策体系建设；健全服务；宣传引导；相关教育；监测评估；积极干预
政策评价依据充分；目标明确；方案科学；权责清晰
政策工具供给型；环境型；需求型
激励约束政策法规；财政支持；人才培养
作用方式强制性；激励性；服务性
政策客体社会组织；学校；家庭；医疗机构；政府部门
政策主体国务院或国务院办公厅；国家卫生健康委；教育部；其他政府部门
), ArticleFig(id=1325500873463444124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500839929983584, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

PMC变量设置

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
一级变量二级变量
政策性质预测；监管；建议；支持；指导
政策时效长期；中期；短期
政策内容政策体系建设；健全服务；宣传引导；相关教育；监测评估；积极干预
政策评价依据充分；目标明确；方案科学；权责清晰
政策工具供给型；环境型；需求型
激励约束政策法规；财政支持；人才培养
作用方式强制性；激励性；服务性
政策客体社会组织；学校；家庭；医疗机构；政府部门
政策主体国务院或国务院办公厅；国家卫生健康委；教育部；其他政府部门
), ArticleFig(id=1325500873543135901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500839929983584, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Distribution chart of independent publishing entities and publication quantities on adolescent mental health promotion policies

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
发文主体数量百分比/%
国务院310.34
国务院办公厅26.90
国家卫生健康委517.24
健康中国行动推进委员会310.34
教育部办公厅724.14
教育部310.34
全国人大常委会620.70
), ArticleFig(id=1325500873614439070, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500839929983584, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

青少年心理健康促进政策独立发文主体及数量分布

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
发文主体数量百分比/%
国务院310.34
国务院办公厅26.90
国家卫生健康委517.24
健康中国行动推进委员会310.34
教育部办公厅724.14
教育部310.34
全国人大常委会620.70
), ArticleFig(id=1325500873689936543, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500839929983584, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Classification table of the use of policy instruments of adolescent mental health promotion policies

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
政策工具类型子类含义
供给型财政支持政府向学校和社会组织等部门提供资金，用以购买设备等基础设施
关爱及必要干预对心理状态不良的青少年采取关爱行动，并对心理健康状况较差的青少年采取必要的干预措施
健康教育向青少年、家长以及教师等进行心理健康相关知识的教育培训
健全服务供给健全医疗机构、学校以及社区社会心理健康服务供给渠道
人才支撑引进心理方面人才，建立心理健康促进人才队伍
信息平台创建使用完善医疗信息平台，获取心理健康医疗信息
环境型基础与应用研究对青少年心理健康影响因素、干预方法进行科学研究并运用
评价评估监测青少年心理健康状况，评价干预以及政策实行效果并反馈
社会氛围创建开展心理健康相关活动，营造良好心理健康促进社会氛围
体制机制创建建立社会心理服务体系以及心理健康状态较差者保障体系
政策规制完善心理健康相关服务及保障政策
需求型多元主体参与政府、学校、家庭等多个主体共同参与心理健康促进行动
宣传引导宣传青少年心理健康相关内容，引导关注心理健康及咨询服务
政府领导政府鼓励并引导社会提供心理健康相关服务
总结经验推广总结青少年心理健康政策实施相关经验，进一步推广
), ArticleFig(id=1325500873778016928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500839929983584, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

青少年心理健康促进政策工具使用分类表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
政策工具类型子类含义
供给型财政支持政府向学校和社会组织等部门提供资金，用以购买设备等基础设施
关爱及必要干预对心理状态不良的青少年采取关爱行动，并对心理健康状况较差的青少年采取必要的干预措施
健康教育向青少年、家长以及教师等进行心理健康相关知识的教育培训
健全服务供给健全医疗机构、学校以及社区社会心理健康服务供给渠道
人才支撑引进心理方面人才，建立心理健康促进人才队伍
信息平台创建使用完善医疗信息平台，获取心理健康医疗信息
环境型基础与应用研究对青少年心理健康影响因素、干预方法进行科学研究并运用
评价评估监测青少年心理健康状况，评价干预以及政策实行效果并反馈
社会氛围创建开展心理健康相关活动，营造良好心理健康促进社会氛围
体制机制创建建立社会心理服务体系以及心理健康状态较差者保障体系
政策规制完善心理健康相关服务及保障政策
需求型多元主体参与政府、学校、家庭等多个主体共同参与心理健康促进行动
宣传引导宣传青少年心理健康相关内容，引导关注心理健康及咨询服务
政府领导政府鼓励并引导社会提供心理健康相关服务
总结经验推广总结青少年心理健康政策实施相关经验，进一步推广
), ArticleFig(id=1325500873882874529, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500839929983584, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Types of adolescent mental health policy tools and the usage status of their sub-types of tools

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
政策工具类型子类数量各项内部占比/%各项总占比/%
供给型财政支持73.591.70
(n=195)关爱及必要干预4020.519.73
健康教育4523.0810.95
健全服务供给5025.6412.17
人才支撑4020.519.73
信息平台创建使用136.673.16
环境型基础与应用研究1411.483.41
(n=122)评价评估2621.316.33
社会氛围创建2822.956.81
体制机制创建2722.136.57
政策规制2722.136.57
需求型多元主体参与4042.559.73
(n=94)宣传引导2021.284.87
政府领导2223.405.35
总结经验推广1212.772.92
), ArticleFig(id=1325500873958372002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500839929983584, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

青少年心理健康促进政策工具类型及各子类使用状况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
政策工具类型子类数量各项内部占比/%各项总占比/%
供给型财政支持73.591.70
(n=195)关爱及必要干预4020.519.73
健康教育4523.0810.95
健全服务供给5025.6412.17
人才支撑4020.519.73
信息平台创建使用136.673.16
环境型基础与应用研究1411.483.41
(n=122)评价评估2621.316.33
社会氛围创建2822.956.81
体制机制创建2722.136.57
政策规制2722.136.57
需求型多元主体参与4042.559.73
(n=94)宣传引导2021.284.87
政府领导2223.405.35
总结经验推广1212.772.92
), ArticleFig(id=1325500874025480867, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500839929983584, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

Calculation and ranking of first-level index variable values and total PMC index for each typical mental health policy of adolescents

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
政策编号政策名称政策性质政策时效政策内容政策评价政策工具激励约束作用方式政策受体政策主体PMC指数排名政策等级
P1教育部办公厅关于实施中小学心理健康教育特色学校争创计划的通知[15]0.800.670.501.000.670.330.330.400.254.956一般
P3教育部办公厅关于印发《中小学心理辅导室建设指南》的通知[16]0.600.670.831.001.000.670.670.200.255.895良好
P14关于印发健康中国行动——儿童青少年心理健康行动方案(2019—2022年)的通知[17]1.000.671.001.001.000.670.671.000.757.761优秀
P21教育部办公厅关于加强学生心理健康管理工作的通知[18]0.600.671.000.751.000.670.670.600.256.214良好
P34教育部等十七部门关于印发《全面加强和改进新时代学生心理健康工作专项行动计划(2023—2025年)》的通知[19]0.800.671.001.001.000.670.671.000.757.562优秀
P35民政部教育部国家卫生健康委共青团中央全国妇联关于加强困境儿童心理健康关爱服务工作的指导意见[20]0.600.670.831.001.000.000.671.000.756.523良好
P36教育部办公厅关于成立全国学生心理健康工作咨询委员会的通知[21]0.600.330.500.751.000.330.670.200.254.638一般
P38教育部办公厅关于开展首个全国学生心理健康宣传教育月活动的通知[22]0.600.330.500.750.670.330.670.600.254.707一般
均值0.700.590.770.910.920.460.630.630.446.03
), ArticleFig(id=1325500874293916324, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500839929983584, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

青少年各典型心理健康政策的一级指标变量值和总PMC指数计算与排名

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
政策编号政策名称政策性质政策时效政策内容政策评价政策工具激励约束作用方式政策受体政策主体PMC指数排名政策等级
P1教育部办公厅关于实施中小学心理健康教育特色学校争创计划的通知[15]0.800.670.501.000.670.330.330.400.254.956一般
P3教育部办公厅关于印发《中小学心理辅导室建设指南》的通知[16]0.600.670.831.001.000.670.670.200.255.895良好
P14关于印发健康中国行动——儿童青少年心理健康行动方案(2019—2022年)的通知[17]1.000.671.001.001.000.670.671.000.757.761优秀
P21教育部办公厅关于加强学生心理健康管理工作的通知[18]0.600.671.000.751.000.670.670.600.256.214良好
P34教育部等十七部门关于印发《全面加强和改进新时代学生心理健康工作专项行动计划(2023—2025年)》的通知[19]0.800.671.001.001.000.670.671.000.757.562优秀
P35民政部教育部国家卫生健康委共青团中央全国妇联关于加强困境儿童心理健康关爱服务工作的指导意见[20]0.600.670.831.001.000.000.671.000.756.523良好
P36教育部办公厅关于成立全国学生心理健康工作咨询委员会的通知[21]0.600.330.500.751.000.330.670.200.254.638一般
P38教育部办公厅关于开展首个全国学生心理健康宣传教育月活动的通知[22]0.600.330.500.750.670.330.670.600.254.707一般
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中国青少年心理健康促进政策文本与效力分析
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房亚娟 1 , 伍晓艳 2 , 陈晓婉 1 , 陈任 1 , 白忠良 1 , 严静 *, 1
中国学校卫生 | 心理卫生 2025,46(2): 234-238
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中国学校卫生 |心理卫生 2025 , 46 (2) : 234 -238
中国青少年心理健康促进政策文本与效力分析
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房亚娟1, 伍晓艳2, 陈晓婉1, 陈任1, 白忠良1, 严静*, 1
作者信息
  • 1安徽医科大学卫生管理学院，合肥 230032
  • 2安徽医科大学公共卫生学院
通讯作者:
严静，E-mail:
作者简介:

房亚娟(2002-)，女，江苏盐城人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为儿童青少年心理健康

Effectiveness and text analysis of Chinese adolescents mental health promotion policy
Yajuan FANG1, Xiaoyan WU2, Xiaowan CHEN1, Ren CHEN1, Zhongliang BAI1, Jing YAN*, 1
Affiliations
  • 1School of Health Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei (230032), Anhui Province, China
出版时间: 2025-02-25 doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025042
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摘要
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目的

分析中国青少年心理健康促进政策的发文情况、政策主体，探究不同客体政策工具的使用以及政策效力，为后续政策的完善提供参考。

方法

获取2014年至今中国公布的青少年心理健康促进政策以及心理健康促进政策法规中包含青少年的政策文件，检索时间为2024年7—8月。使用内容交叉分析法和政策效能评估模型(PMC指数模型)对政策内容和效力进行分析，通过Nvivo 20软件进行编码了解政策依赖的工具类型。

结果

共纳入41份文件，青少年心理健康促进政策文本数量呈逐年上升趋势，多为独立发文，占发文总体的70%；联合发文占30%，其中教育部、国家卫生健康委为核心主体。供给型政策工具使用占47.45%，环境型及需求型使用占比分别为29.68%和22.87%；不同政策客体的政策工具使用侧重不同，家庭以及社会组织供给型以及需求型政策工具使用较多，而教育系统以及医疗机构更偏向于使用供给型政策工具，政府部门偏向于供给型以及环境型政策工具；政策效力方面，存在激励约束缺失的共性问题，2项长期指导性心理健康政策PMC值较高(7.76，7.56)，达到优秀等级。

结论

国家对于青少年心理健康关注加强，基础保障已经建立，总体政策效力较好，但政策工具使用不均衡，需完善中长期政策的可操作性内容，并加强执行部门间的协同合作。

精神卫生  /  政府政策  /  健康促进  /  青少年
Objective

To analyze the issuance of Chinese adolescents mental health promotion policies and policy objects, and to explore the use of different object policy tools and the effectiveness of the policy, so as to provide reference for the improvement of the subsequent policy.

Methods

Adolescents' mental health promotion policies published and policy documents that included adolescents in mental health promotion policies and regulations in China from 2014 to the present were obtained, with the search period of July to August 2024. Policy content and effectiveness were analyzed by using content cross-tabulation analysis and Policy Modeling Consistency Index Model (PMC index model). It coded with Nvivo 20 software to understand the types of tools that policy depends on.

Results

A total of 41 documents were included. The number of adolescent mental health promotion policy texts rose by year, most of which were issued independently, accounting for 70% of the total number of texts issued; 30% were jointly issued, with the Ministry of Education and the National Health Commission as the core subjects. Supply-type policy tools accounted for 47.45% of the total, while environment-type and demand-type policy tools accounted for 29.68% and 22.87% respectively; the use of policy tools by different policy targets varies, with families and social organizations using more supply-type and demand-type policy tools, while the education system and healthcare institutions were more inclined to supply-type policy tools, and the government departments were more inclined to supply-type policy tools and environment-type policy tools. In terms of policy effectiveness, there was a common problem of a lack of incentives and constraints, and the PMC values of two long-term planning mental health policies were high (7.76, 7.56), and both reached the excellent level.

Conclusions

China has paid more attention to adolescents' mental health, and the basic guarantees have been established and overall policy effectiveness is good, but the use of policy tools is uneven. There is a need to improve the operational content of medium- and long-term policies and to strengthen synergies between implementing departments.

Mental health  /  Public policy  /  Health promotion  /  Adolescent
房亚娟, 伍晓艳, 陈晓婉, 陈任, 白忠良, 严静. 中国青少年心理健康促进政策文本与效力分析. 中国学校卫生, 2025 , 46 (2) : 234 -238 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025042
Yajuan FANG, Xiaoyan WU, Xiaowan CHEN, Ren CHEN, Zhongliang BAI, Jing YAN. Effectiveness and text analysis of Chinese adolescents mental health promotion policy[J]. Chinese Journal of School Health, 2025 , 46 (2) : 234 -238 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025042
正文
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我国青少年心理健康教育整体水平尚处于初级阶段，部分青少年在面对心理健康问题时难以及时有效化解[1-4]，需要发挥社会各主体的功能，尤其是需要以学校为核心主体，探索构建符合区域特点的心理健康教育模式[1, 5]。发挥社会各主体作用，构建青少年心理健康的社会环境离不开相关健康促进政策的部署和系统落实。目前对于青少年政策的研究主要聚焦体质健康相关政策[2, 6]，而心理健康政策的研究仅涵盖宏观心理健康政策(不针对具体群体)[7]，缺乏针对青少年这个特殊且重要群体的研究。基于此，本文聚焦2014年至今有关青少年心理健康促进政策，旨在了解当前政策特征，探究政策本身及执行的局限，为进一步促进青少年心理健康，保障青少年健康发展提供可行的政策建议。
1　资料来源与方法
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1.1　资料来源
研究以“青少年”“学生”“心理健康”等为关键词，在北大法宝数据库、中国知网以及教育部、国务院等官方网站进行检索(检索时间：2024年7—8月)，获取2014年至今我国公布的青少年心理健康促进政策以及心理健康促进政策法规中包含青少年的政策文件。筛选标准：(1)2014年至今，发布主体为国家层面的中央和党政机关以及相关职能部门；(2)政策类型为通知、意见、规划以及相关的法律法规；(3)文件具备完整性、权威性和关联性。最终，纳入分析的政策文件共41份。
1.2　方法
运用内容交叉分析法和政策效能评估模型(Policy Modeling Consistency Index Model, PMC指数模型)进行分析。首先分析政策发文数量变化并使用Gephio 0.10.1软件形成发文主体关系网络合作图。其次，运用Nvivo 20软件建立政策工具-政策客体的二维分析框架，政策工具即政策目标实现的方式和路径，根据政策工具理论[8]，将其分为供给型、环境型和需求型；政策客体即需要落实以及执行政策的部门，分为政府部门、教育系统、家庭、社会组织以及医疗机构。最后，对政策中包含青少年心理健康促进的条款进行编码，以一个完整语句为编码单元，建立矩阵字码编写查询，探讨不同客体侧重的政策工具及其使用状况，并运用PMC指数模型对政策效力进行分析。
效力评价即应用科学的方法理清政策条款的概念内涵，对政策的充分性、可持续性和实施效率予以综合考察[9]。PMC指数模型是目前使用广泛的政策效力分析工具[10-11]。基于该模型，本文将政策效力分析分为2个步骤：(1)建立政策的变量与参数；(2)计算一级变量值及PMC指数。
基于以往研究[11]及政策文本挖掘，确定了9个一级变量和36个二级变量(表1)。根据文本内容对二级变量进行赋值，当待评价的政策满足相应的二级变量时，赋值为1，反之则赋值为0，得出各项政策的PMC值。运用PMC相关公式计算指数[12]，探究政策制定的优劣，并根据评价标准界定PMC指数值标准：8~9为完美政策，7~<8为优秀政策，5~<7为良好政策，0~<5为一般政策[10, 13]。
2　结果
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2.1　青少年心理健康政策的年度发文趋势
青少年心理健康政策的发文数量2014—2024年分别为2，1，3，2，3，3，5，9，4，5，4条。2014—2021年总体呈上升趋势，于2021年达到最大值；2021年之后呈现下降趋势，但此后的发文数量仍然多于2021年之前。
2.2　青少年心理健康政策发文主体特征
独立发文数量29篇，占总体数量的70%。独立发文机构主要包括国家卫生健康委、教育部办公厅、全国人大常委会，其中教育部办公厅为最主要发文机构。这些机构在政策落实中具有较强的指导性和可实施性，为政策实施明确了目标及具体任务。见表2。
联合发文数量12篇，占总体数量的30%。联合发文涉及主体较多，且主体之间的联系较为紧密，其中教育部、国家卫生健康委、财政部为核心主体。见图1。
2.3　政策工具使用类型及“工具-客体”二维交叉分析
供给型政策工具对青少年心理健康发挥直接作用，如提供健康促进所需的人才以及服务设施等基础需求；环境型政策工具对心理健康促进产生间接作用，提供适宜的外部环境并监测评估政策实施效果。需求型政策工具则是通过政府宣传、引导等方式，促进对青少年心理健康服务的需要。此外，根据政策子工具[13-14]的分类方法，进一步将政策工具分为15种。见表3。
运用Nvivo 20对政策工具进行编码，共编码411条，其中供给型政策工具占比47.45%(195条)，环境型占29.68%(122条)，需求型占22.87%(94条)。在3种政策工具内部，具体工具使用也存在一定的结构差异。见表4。
供给型政策子工具使用不平衡，“财政支持”(3.59%)和“信息平台创建使用”(6.67%)使用频率低；而“健康教育”(23.08%)、“人才支撑”(20.51%)、“关爱及必要干预”(20.51%)、“健全服务供给”(25.64%)使用较为均衡，构成了青少年心理健康预防、干预以及治疗的完整链条。环境型政策子工具中，“体制机制创建”(22.13%)等应用较多。此外，通过评价评估(21.31%)相关政策实行，保障政策机制的有效运行。“基础与应用研究”(11.48%)则是为青少年心理健康促进提供理论环境。需求型政策子工具中，“多元主体参与”(42.55%)使用频率最高，“宣传引导”(21.28%)等工具应用相对较少。
进一步对政策工具与政策客体进行交叉分析，家庭和社会组织政策客体涉及供给型和需求型政策工具较多；教育系统和医疗机构更偏向于使用供给型政策工具；政府部门涉及的政策工具最多，偏向于供给型政策工具以及环境型政策工具。见图2。此外，国家对青少年心理健康促进过程中，涉及家庭和医疗机构较少，需进一步加强其协同作用。
2.4　青少年心理健康政策的效力分析
对效应评价的政策进行筛选，删去不具有代表性、考核文件以及涉及青少年心理健康促进内容过少的政策，对8项青少年心理健康促进专项政策进行效力分析。如表5所示，8项政策文件中，政策等级为优秀的有2项(P14和P34)，为长期指导性政策；良好的3项(P3、P21、P35)，均为短期政策；一般的3项(P1、P36、P38)，属于特定心理健康促进行动相关政策文件。总体来看，8项典型政策的政策评价、政策工具、政策性质、政策内容一级变量均分较高，高于0.7。在各个变量的均值中，激励约束与政策主体变量的均低于0.5。此外，政策发文主体以教育部为主，发文主体多样性存在不足。
3　讨论
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2014—2024年，我国越来越重视青少年心理健康状况[23]。实现青少年心理健康是一个持久的系统工程，其指导与服务不能仅局限于大政方针以及教育部对学校的指令，而是需要不同部门共同努力，来保障制定的政策能够关注到心理需求的各个方面。因此，未来政策的完善应以各个部门的价值共创为导向，保障资源合理分配，协调不同部门的工作流程、工作责任，制定统一的心理健康认识标准，保障青少年心理健康政策的稳定性、科学性以及权威性。
本研究结果显示，我国青少年心理健康促进政策呈现供给型政策工具“强依赖”，环境型政策工具和需求型政策工具“弱相关”的现状。保障青少年心理健康基础需求的资源供给是落实政策的根基，但我国当前对于青少年心理健康的促进仍旧停留在健康知识传授方面，学校以及社区等地缺乏拥有专业心理咨询、疏导知识的人才，致使获取专业心理健康服务较为困难。
此外，研究还发现政府部门、教育系统以及社会组织政策工具使用较多，而家庭作为政策客体，各类政策工具使用较少。家庭作为青少年心理健康促进的重要场域，应当注重其在健康促进中的作用，加强家庭干预和健康教育，营造良好的家庭氛围；并引导青少年了解自己为健康的第一责任人，认识到自己对于健康的需求同样重要。当前，社会对于心理健康问题的接受度以及理解度相对较低，无法认识自身对于心理健康服务的需求，还会产生“就医羞耻”[24]。因此，未来青少年心理健康政策要注重“自下而上”的可操作性建设，如落实多组织合作的心理健康促进活动，营造全社会关注且正常看待心理健康问题的良好氛围；提高针对家庭的需求型以及环境型政策工具的使用，引导心理服务走进个人，试点推广社区心理工作室等。
最后对8项典型政策进行政策效力分析，结果显示5项政策都达到良好及以上水平。在政策时效方面多为短期政策，如进行健康促进活动等，缺乏对于青少年心理健康长期的规划以及中期的健康促进指导。未来在政策制定中，要注重长期、中期以及短期的协调，全面覆盖整个青少年心理健康促进计划。根据政策效力排名结合政策内容分析得出，青少年心理健康长期指导性政策的PMC指数较高，该政策内容丰富，制定未来3年青少年心理健康促进的行动计划，提出健康教育、监测、干预以及人才培养等一系列行为措施。而有关成立工作咨询委员会等特定心理健康促进行动，其PMC值相对较低，原因在于其主要为针对某一特定建设，行动有一定的局限性，内容也较为单一。总体来看，联合发文的政策效力要高于单独发文，再次得出青少年心理健康的促进需要各部门协同组织，发挥合力作用。
基金
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  • 国家社科基金一般项目(24BGL269)；安徽省教育厅杰出青年科研项目(2022AH020049)；安徽省高校优秀科研创新团队项目(2023AH010036)
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2025年第46卷第2期
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doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025042
  • 接收时间：2024-10-25
  • 首发时间：2026-11-06
  • 出版时间：2025-02-25
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  • 收稿日期：2024-10-25
  • 修回日期：2024-11-30
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国家社科基金一般项目(24BGL269)；安徽省教育厅杰出青年科研项目(2022AH020049)；安徽省高校优秀科研创新团队项目(2023AH010036)
作者信息
    1安徽医科大学卫生管理学院，合肥 230032
    2安徽医科大学公共卫生学院

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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