Article(id=1325500765204259238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, issueId=1325500677975318675, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025057, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1723564800000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-14, revisedDate=1735660800000, revisedDateStr=2025-01-01, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793953609038, onlineDateStr=2026-11-06, pubDate=1740412800000, pubDateStr=2025-02-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793953609038, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793953609038, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793953609038, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1325500677975318675, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, year='2025', volume='46', issue='2', pageStart='153', pageEnd='304', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1740412800000', pubDateStr='2025-02-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793953588241, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793953588241, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=205, endPage=209, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1325500766382858664, articleId=1325500765204259238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=EN, title=Knowledge, attitudes and practice regarding three major infectious diseases among freshmen in Jiangsu Province from 2019 to 2022, columnId=1259565859148804482, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of School Health, columnName=Health Education and Promotion, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To understand the changing trends and related factors of knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) regarding the three major infectious diseases (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, tuberculosis, hepatitis B) among freshmen in Jiangsu from 2019 to 2022, so as to provide a reference basis for the health education of infectious diseases in schools.

Methods

From 2019 to 2022, a total of 33 944 freshmen from 20 universities in Jiangsu Province were randomly selected for four consecutive years to investigate their KAP levels online through self-designed questionnaires on three major infectious diseases. The multiple linear regression model was used to analyze the changing trends of students' KAP levels of the three major infectious diseases, and to explore the influencing factors of KAP.

Results

From 2019 to 2022, the knowledge scores(18.0±3.1, 18.4±3.2, 18.7±3.2, 18.8±3.2), related to the three major infectious diseases showed an upward trend (F=436.50, P<0.01), and the positive attitude reporting rates were 81.77%, 81.46%, 82.68% and 81.74%, respectively. The reporting rates of positive practice were 80.11%, 79.25%, 79.08% and 79.04%, respectively. Multiple linear regression showed that school type, parental education level, mother's occupation, average income per person in family and living arrangements during high school all had an impact on the knowledge (β=-1.510-0.559), attitudes (β=-0.043-0.065) and practice (β=-0.028-0.027) of the three major infectious diseases (P<0.05). The family residence areas only affected the reporting rate of positive attitude scores (β=0.002-0.065), and whether only-children or not affected the reporting rate of positive practice scores (β=0.009)(P<0.05). The knowledge score showed an upward trend (β=0.297, P<0.01), the positive attitude reporting rate showed no statistically significant change (β=0.001, P=0.22), and the positive practice reporting rate showed a downward trend (β=-0.005, P<0.01).

Conclusions

Freshman in Jiangsu Province from 2019 to 2022 have shown a separation in KAP scores regarding the three major infectious diseases. Targeted measures should be taken to improve their health practice level.

, authors=Xiaolin ZHANG1, Guoping DU2, Xiaoyan CHEN2, Xiaoshan LI3, Yixuan WEI1, Yanhui LI1, Bingxin TAN1, Yuxiu YE*, 1, authorsList=Xiaolin ZHANG, Guoping DU, Xiaoyan CHEN, Xiaoshan LI, Yixuan WEI, Yanhui LI, Bingxin TAN, Yuxiu YE, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yuxiu YE, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Chinese Journal of School Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1325500768563896745, articleId=1325500765204259238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=CN, title=江苏籍大一新生2019—2022年三大传染病知识态度行为状况, columnId=1259565859903779205, journalTitle=中国学校卫生, columnName=健康教育与健康促进, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

了解江苏籍大一新生2019—2022年艾滋病、结核、乙肝三大传染病知识、态度和行为(KAP)变化趋势及相关因素,为开展学校传染病健康教育工作提供参考依据。

方法

2019—2022年连续4年采用分层随机抽样方法抽取江苏省20所高校的33 944名江苏籍大一新生,通过三大传染病自编问卷在线调查KAP状况。采用多重线性回归模型分析学生三大传染病KAP水平的变化趋势及其影响因素。

结果

2019—2022年,江苏籍大一新生三大传染病(艾滋病、结核、乙肝)知识得分(18.0±3.1, 18.4±3.2, 18.7±3.2, 18.8±3.2)呈上升趋势(F=436.50,P<0.01),正向态度报告率分别为81.77%,81.46%,82.68%,81.74%;正向行为报告率分别为80.11%,79.25%,79.08%,79.04%。多重线性回归分析显示,学校类型、父母亲文化程度、母亲职业、家庭人均月收入和高中居住方式对三大传染病的知识(β=-1.510~0.559)、态度(β=-0.043~0.065)、行为(β=-0.028~0.027)均有影响,家庭居住地仅影响正向态度报告率(β=0.002~0.065),是否为独生子女仅影响正向行为报告率(β=0.009)(P值均<0.05);知识得分随年份增加呈上升趋势(β=0.297,P<0.01),正向态度报告率变化无统计学意义(β=0.001,P=0.22),正向行为报告率呈下降趋势(β=-0.005,P<0.01)。

结论

江苏籍大一新生2019—2022年三大传染病KAP得分变化出现分离情况。应采取针对性措施,以提高大学生健康行为水平。

, authors=张晓琳1, 杜国平2, 陈笑艳2, 李小杉3, 卫艺璇1, 李妍慧1, 谈冰心1, 叶雨秀*, 1, authorsList=张晓琳, 杜国平, 陈笑艳, 李小杉, 卫艺璇, 李妍慧, 谈冰心, 叶雨秀, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=叶雨秀, authorNote=

张晓琳(2003-),女,山东枣庄人,在读本科,主要研究方向为大学生健康教育与健康促进

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叶雨秀,E-mail:
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(in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1325500782430265834, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500765204259238, awardId=null, language=CN, fundingSource=江苏省教育科学“十四五”规划2021年度重点课题(T-a/2021/01);江苏省高等教育学会“十四五”高等教育科学研究规划一般课题(YB041), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1325500769356620202, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500765204259238, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325500769373397419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500765204259238, companyId=1325500769356620202, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong (226019), Jiangsu Province, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325500769385980332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500765204259238, companyId=1325500769356620202, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1南通大学公共卫生学院,江苏 226019)]), AuthorCompany(id=1325500770564579757, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500765204259238, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325500770572968366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500765204259238, companyId=1325500770564579757, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2东南大学医院全科医学科)]), AuthorCompany(id=1325500770682020271, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500765204259238, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325500770736546224, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500765204259238, companyId=1325500770682020271, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3南京医科大学附属无锡人民医院肺移植中心)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1325500780664463846, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500765204259238, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Multiple linear regression analysis of related factors of KAP regarding three major infectious diseases among freshmen from Jiangsu Province(n=33 944)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
自变量选项知识得分正向态度报告率正向行为报告率
β值(95%CI)P值β值(95%CI)P值β值(95%CI)P值
学校类型公办本科1.0001.0001.000
专科-1.510(-1.594~-1.425)<0.01-0.028(-0.031~-0.024)<0.01-0.028(-0.032~-0.024)<0.01
民办本科-0.556(-0.643~-0.467)<0.01-0.003(-0.007~0.001)0.18-0.013(-0.016~-0.009)<0.01
家庭居住地城区——1.000——
镇区——0.002(-0.001~0.006)0.23——
乡村——0.065(0.014~0.115)0.01——
父亲文化程度小学及以下1.0001.0001.000
初中0.074(-0.072~0.220)0.320.007(0.000~0.014)0.040.006(-0.000~0.013)0.07
高中0.179(0.023~0.336)0.030.066(-0.001~0.014)0.070.014(0.007~0.022)<0.01
大专/本科0.324(0.153~0.495)<0.010.004(-0.004~0.012)0.280.019(0.012~0.027)<0.01
硕士及以上0.235(-0.062~0.531)0.12-0.011(-0.024~0.003)0.130.017(0.004~0.031)0.01
母亲文化程度小学及以下1.0001.0001.000
初中0.157(0.047~0.268)0.010.007(0.001~0.012)0.010.007(0.002~0.012)<0.01
高中0.278(0.151~0.404)<0.010.006(-0.000~0.012)0.060.012(0.006~0.018)<0.01
大专/本科0.476(0.325~0.626)<0.010.013(0.006~0.020)<0.010.020(0.013~0.027)<0.01
硕士及以上0.559(0.209~0.910)<0.010.015(-0.001~0.031)0.070.027(0.011~0.043)<0.01
母亲职业工人1.0001.0001.000
农民-0.057(-0.218~0.105)0.49-0.000(-0.008~0.008)0.990.008(0.000~0.015)0.04
医务工作者-0.118(-0.322~0.087)0.26-0.006(-0.015~0.004)0.250.023(0.014~0.033)<0.01
教育工作者-0.233(-0.395~-0.072)0.01-0.006(-0.014~0.001)0.090.013(0.006~0.020)<0.01
科研人员-0.671(-1.113~-0.228)<0.01-0.024(-0.044~-0.003)0.020.023(0.003~0.043)0.03
商业、服务行业-0.022(-0.123~0.079)0.670.004(-0.001~0.008)0.140.005(0.000~0.009)0.05
无业-0.047(-0.176~0.082)0.480.005(-0.000~0.011)0.080.009(0.003~0.015)<0.01
其他-0.311(-0.412~-0.211)<0.01-0.005(-0.010~-0.001)0.020.002(-0.003~0.007)0.40
家庭人均月收入/元<1 0001.0001.0001.000
1 000~<3 0000.141(-0.085~0.367)0.220.019(0.008~0.029)<0.010.011(0.001~0.021)0.03
3 000~<5 0000.309(0.094~0.524)0.010.023(0.013~0.033)<0.010.013(0.003~0.022)0.01
5 000~<7 0000.351(0.135~0.568)<0.010.026(0.016~0.036)<0.010.015(0.005~0.025)<0.01
7 000~<9 0000.373(0.150~0.597)<0.010.024(0.013~0.034)<0.010.017(0.007~0.027)<0.01
≥9 0000.343(0.121~0.565)<0.010.018(0.008~0.028)<0.010.018(0.008~0.028)<0.01
独生子女是————1.000
否————0.009(0.006~0.013)<0.01
高中居住方式与父母同住1.0001.0001.000
与父亲同住-0.129(-0.331~0.073)0.21-0.003(-0.013~0.007)0.600.009(-0.001~0.019)0.07
与母亲同住-0.038(-0.145~0.069)0.490.004(-0.005~0.014)0.370.015(0.006~0.024)<0.01
与祖/外祖父母同住-0.175(-0.344~-0.006)0.04-0.004(-0.016~0.008)0.49-0.001(-0.012~0.011)0.93
学校集体宿舍-0.078(-0.162~0.006)0.07-0.001(-0.011~0.009)0.82-0.004(-0.005~0.014)0.37
其他-1.008(-1.230~-0.785)<0.01-0.043(-0.057~-0.030)<0.01-0.016(-0.029~-0.003)0.02
), ArticleFig(id=1325500781142614503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500765204259238, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

江苏籍大一新生三大传染病KAP相关因素多重线性回归分析(n=33 944)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
自变量选项知识得分正向态度报告率正向行为报告率
β值(95%CI)P值β值(95%CI)P值β值(95%CI)P值
学校类型公办本科1.0001.0001.000
专科-1.510(-1.594~-1.425)<0.01-0.028(-0.031~-0.024)<0.01-0.028(-0.032~-0.024)<0.01
民办本科-0.556(-0.643~-0.467)<0.01-0.003(-0.007~0.001)0.18-0.013(-0.016~-0.009)<0.01
家庭居住地城区——1.000——
镇区——0.002(-0.001~0.006)0.23——
乡村——0.065(0.014~0.115)0.01——
父亲文化程度小学及以下1.0001.0001.000
初中0.074(-0.072~0.220)0.320.007(0.000~0.014)0.040.006(-0.000~0.013)0.07
高中0.179(0.023~0.336)0.030.066(-0.001~0.014)0.070.014(0.007~0.022)<0.01
大专/本科0.324(0.153~0.495)<0.010.004(-0.004~0.012)0.280.019(0.012~0.027)<0.01
硕士及以上0.235(-0.062~0.531)0.12-0.011(-0.024~0.003)0.130.017(0.004~0.031)0.01
母亲文化程度小学及以下1.0001.0001.000
初中0.157(0.047~0.268)0.010.007(0.001~0.012)0.010.007(0.002~0.012)<0.01
高中0.278(0.151~0.404)<0.010.006(-0.000~0.012)0.060.012(0.006~0.018)<0.01
大专/本科0.476(0.325~0.626)<0.010.013(0.006~0.020)<0.010.020(0.013~0.027)<0.01
硕士及以上0.559(0.209~0.910)<0.010.015(-0.001~0.031)0.070.027(0.011~0.043)<0.01
母亲职业工人1.0001.0001.000
农民-0.057(-0.218~0.105)0.49-0.000(-0.008~0.008)0.990.008(0.000~0.015)0.04
医务工作者-0.118(-0.322~0.087)0.26-0.006(-0.015~0.004)0.250.023(0.014~0.033)<0.01
教育工作者-0.233(-0.395~-0.072)0.01-0.006(-0.014~0.001)0.090.013(0.006~0.020)<0.01
科研人员-0.671(-1.113~-0.228)<0.01-0.024(-0.044~-0.003)0.020.023(0.003~0.043)0.03
商业、服务行业-0.022(-0.123~0.079)0.670.004(-0.001~0.008)0.140.005(0.000~0.009)0.05
无业-0.047(-0.176~0.082)0.480.005(-0.000~0.011)0.080.009(0.003~0.015)<0.01
其他-0.311(-0.412~-0.211)<0.01-0.005(-0.010~-0.001)0.020.002(-0.003~0.007)0.40
家庭人均月收入/元<1 0001.0001.0001.000
1 000~<3 0000.141(-0.085~0.367)0.220.019(0.008~0.029)<0.010.011(0.001~0.021)0.03
3 000~<5 0000.309(0.094~0.524)0.010.023(0.013~0.033)<0.010.013(0.003~0.022)0.01
5 000~<7 0000.351(0.135~0.568)<0.010.026(0.016~0.036)<0.010.015(0.005~0.025)<0.01
7 000~<9 0000.373(0.150~0.597)<0.010.024(0.013~0.034)<0.010.017(0.007~0.027)<0.01
≥9 0000.343(0.121~0.565)<0.010.018(0.008~0.028)<0.010.018(0.008~0.028)<0.01
独生子女是————1.000
否————0.009(0.006~0.013)<0.01
高中居住方式与父母同住1.0001.0001.000
与父亲同住-0.129(-0.331~0.073)0.21-0.003(-0.013~0.007)0.600.009(-0.001~0.019)0.07
与母亲同住-0.038(-0.145~0.069)0.490.004(-0.005~0.014)0.370.015(0.006~0.024)<0.01
与祖/外祖父母同住-0.175(-0.344~-0.006)0.04-0.004(-0.016~0.008)0.49-0.001(-0.012~0.011)0.93
学校集体宿舍-0.078(-0.162~0.006)0.07-0.001(-0.011~0.009)0.82-0.004(-0.005~0.014)0.37
其他-1.008(-1.230~-0.785)<0.01-0.043(-0.057~-0.030)<0.01-0.016(-0.029~-0.003)0.02
), ArticleFig(id=1325500781503324648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500765204259238, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Multiple linear regression analysis of the trends of KAP levels regarding three major infectious diseases among freshmen in Jiangsu(n=33 944)

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模型自变量知识得分正向态度报告率正向行为报告率
β值(95%CI)标准误t值P值β值(95%CI)标准误t值P值β值(95%CI)标准误t值P值
模型1入学年份0.297(0.267~0.327)0.01519.57<0.010.001(-0.001~0.002)0.0071.220.22-0.005(-0.006~-0.004)0.001-7.23<0.01
模型22019年1.0001.0001.000
2020年0.127(0.033~0.220)0.0011.22<0.01-0.003(-0.008~0.001)0.002-1.460.15-0.010(-0.014~-0.005)0.002-4.48<0.01
2021年0.666(0.574~0.759)0.04714.09<0.010.008(0.004~0.013)0.0023.83<0.01-0.014(-0.018~-0.010)0.002-6.45<0.01
2022年0.810(0.715~0.903)0.04816.88<0.01-0.001(-0.005~0.003)0.002-0.500.62-0.015(-0.019~-0.011)0.002-6.94<0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1325500781880812009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325500765204259238, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

江苏籍大一新生三大传染病KAP水平变化趋势的多重线性回归分析(n=33 944)

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模型自变量知识得分正向态度报告率正向行为报告率
β值(95%CI)标准误t值P值β值(95%CI)标准误t值P值β值(95%CI)标准误t值P值
模型1入学年份0.297(0.267~0.327)0.01519.57<0.010.001(-0.001~0.002)0.0071.220.22-0.005(-0.006~-0.004)0.001-7.23<0.01
模型22019年1.0001.0001.000
2020年0.127(0.033~0.220)0.0011.22<0.01-0.003(-0.008~0.001)0.002-1.460.15-0.010(-0.014~-0.005)0.002-4.48<0.01
2021年0.666(0.574~0.759)0.04714.09<0.010.008(0.004~0.013)0.0023.83<0.01-0.014(-0.018~-0.010)0.002-6.45<0.01
2022年0.810(0.715~0.903)0.04816.88<0.01-0.001(-0.005~0.003)0.002-0.500.62-0.015(-0.019~-0.011)0.002-6.94<0.01
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江苏籍大一新生2019—2022年三大传染病知识态度行为状况
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张晓琳 1 , 杜国平 2 , 陈笑艳 2 , 李小杉 3 , 卫艺璇 1 , 李妍慧 1 , 谈冰心 1 , 叶雨秀 *, 1
中国学校卫生 | 健康教育与健康促进 2025,46(2): 205-209
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中国学校卫生 |健康教育与健康促进 2025 , 46 (2) : 205 -209
江苏籍大一新生2019—2022年三大传染病知识态度行为状况
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张晓琳1, 杜国平2, 陈笑艳2, 李小杉3, 卫艺璇1, 李妍慧1, 谈冰心1, 叶雨秀*, 1
作者信息
  • 1南通大学公共卫生学院,江苏 226019
  • 2东南大学医院全科医学科
  • 3南京医科大学附属无锡人民医院肺移植中心
通讯作者:
叶雨秀,E-mail:
作者简介:

张晓琳(2003-),女,山东枣庄人,在读本科,主要研究方向为大学生健康教育与健康促进

Knowledge, attitudes and practice regarding three major infectious diseases among freshmen in Jiangsu Province from 2019 to 2022
Xiaolin ZHANG1, Guoping DU2, Xiaoyan CHEN2, Xiaoshan LI3, Yixuan WEI1, Yanhui LI1, Bingxin TAN1, Yuxiu YE*, 1
Affiliations
  • 1School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong (226019), Jiangsu Province, China
出版时间: 2025-02-25 doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025057
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目的

了解江苏籍大一新生2019—2022年艾滋病、结核、乙肝三大传染病知识、态度和行为(KAP)变化趋势及相关因素,为开展学校传染病健康教育工作提供参考依据。

方法

2019—2022年连续4年采用分层随机抽样方法抽取江苏省20所高校的33 944名江苏籍大一新生,通过三大传染病自编问卷在线调查KAP状况。采用多重线性回归模型分析学生三大传染病KAP水平的变化趋势及其影响因素。

结果

2019—2022年,江苏籍大一新生三大传染病(艾滋病、结核、乙肝)知识得分(18.0±3.1, 18.4±3.2, 18.7±3.2, 18.8±3.2)呈上升趋势(F=436.50,P<0.01),正向态度报告率分别为81.77%,81.46%,82.68%,81.74%;正向行为报告率分别为80.11%,79.25%,79.08%,79.04%。多重线性回归分析显示,学校类型、父母亲文化程度、母亲职业、家庭人均月收入和高中居住方式对三大传染病的知识(β=-1.510~0.559)、态度(β=-0.043~0.065)、行为(β=-0.028~0.027)均有影响,家庭居住地仅影响正向态度报告率(β=0.002~0.065),是否为独生子女仅影响正向行为报告率(β=0.009)(P值均<0.05);知识得分随年份增加呈上升趋势(β=0.297,P<0.01),正向态度报告率变化无统计学意义(β=0.001,P=0.22),正向行为报告率呈下降趋势(β=-0.005,P<0.01)。

结论

江苏籍大一新生2019—2022年三大传染病KAP得分变化出现分离情况。应采取针对性措施,以提高大学生健康行为水平。

获得性免疫缺陷综合征  /  结核  /  肝炎, 乙型  /  健康知识,态度,实践  /  回归分析  /  学生
Objective

To understand the changing trends and related factors of knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) regarding the three major infectious diseases (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, tuberculosis, hepatitis B) among freshmen in Jiangsu from 2019 to 2022, so as to provide a reference basis for the health education of infectious diseases in schools.

Methods

From 2019 to 2022, a total of 33 944 freshmen from 20 universities in Jiangsu Province were randomly selected for four consecutive years to investigate their KAP levels online through self-designed questionnaires on three major infectious diseases. The multiple linear regression model was used to analyze the changing trends of students' KAP levels of the three major infectious diseases, and to explore the influencing factors of KAP.

Results

From 2019 to 2022, the knowledge scores(18.0±3.1, 18.4±3.2, 18.7±3.2, 18.8±3.2), related to the three major infectious diseases showed an upward trend (F=436.50, P<0.01), and the positive attitude reporting rates were 81.77%, 81.46%, 82.68% and 81.74%, respectively. The reporting rates of positive practice were 80.11%, 79.25%, 79.08% and 79.04%, respectively. Multiple linear regression showed that school type, parental education level, mother's occupation, average income per person in family and living arrangements during high school all had an impact on the knowledge (β=-1.510-0.559), attitudes (β=-0.043-0.065) and practice (β=-0.028-0.027) of the three major infectious diseases (P<0.05). The family residence areas only affected the reporting rate of positive attitude scores (β=0.002-0.065), and whether only-children or not affected the reporting rate of positive practice scores (β=0.009)(P<0.05). The knowledge score showed an upward trend (β=0.297, P<0.01), the positive attitude reporting rate showed no statistically significant change (β=0.001, P=0.22), and the positive practice reporting rate showed a downward trend (β=-0.005, P<0.01).

Conclusions

Freshman in Jiangsu Province from 2019 to 2022 have shown a separation in KAP scores regarding the three major infectious diseases. Targeted measures should be taken to improve their health practice level.

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome  /  Tuberculosis  /  Hepatitis B  /  Health knowledge, attitudes, practice  /  Regression analysis  /  Students
张晓琳, 杜国平, 陈笑艳, 李小杉, 卫艺璇, 李妍慧, 谈冰心, 叶雨秀. 江苏籍大一新生2019—2022年三大传染病知识态度行为状况. 中国学校卫生, 2025 , 46 (2) : 205 -209 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025057
Xiaolin ZHANG, Guoping DU, Xiaoyan CHEN, Xiaoshan LI, Yixuan WEI, Yanhui LI, Bingxin TAN, Yuxiu YE. Knowledge, attitudes and practice regarding three major infectious diseases among freshmen in Jiangsu Province from 2019 to 2022[J]. Chinese Journal of School Health, 2025 , 46 (2) : 205 -209 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025057
艾滋病、结核、乙肝是全球重大公共卫生问题。据报道,截至2022年底,全球共有3 900万艾滋病患者[1],有130万人死于结核[2],每年有150万新发乙肝病毒(hepatitis B virus, HBV)感染者[3]。我国也是此三大传染病的高负担国家,截至2022年底,我国有艾滋病患者53.4万例[4],结核病患者约74.8万例[2],HBV感染者占全球的30%[5]。
研究表明,大学生对艾滋病、结核、乙肝的知识知晓率不高[6-8],风险意识不强,三大传染病的防控形势较为严峻。2019年,青年学生新增艾滋病3 000人,其中大学生占比76.8%[9]。大学生长期处于宿舍和教室等密闭空间内,其结核病患病率也较高[10],19~22岁组(大学阶段)学生结核报告率为31.4%[11]。同时,大学生还是感染和传播HBV的重点人群[12],乙肝感染率达6%~8%[13]。因此,了解大学生对三大传染病的知识、态度、行为(knowledge, attitude and practice, KAP) 水平,对有效控制三大传染病在该人群中的传播有重要意义。本研究基于江苏籍大一新生2019—2022年连续4年调查数据,分析三大传染病KAP水平变化趋势及其影响因素,为开展学校传染病健康教育工作提供参考依据。
2019—2022年,连续4年在江苏省教育厅体育卫生与艺术教育处的统一部署下,利用江苏省高校大一新生健康数据管理系统,于每年10月采用分层随机抽样方法,从江苏52所公办本科院校、28所民办及中外合作办学本科和90所高职高专中采用直接抽选法抽取20所高校(公办本科11所、民办及中外合作办学本科4所、高职院校5所);从每所高校入学名单中,按照江苏省13个设区市生源地分层,每所高校每个地级市采用直接抽选法各抽取男女生15~18名。4年共获取有效问卷33 944份,各年度问卷数分别为8 644,8 285,8 743和8 272份。研究对象的平均年龄为(18.3±0.6)岁;男生16 748名,女生17 196名;公办本科、专科及民办本科学生分别为20 051,7 569和6 324名;苏南、苏中、苏北地区占比分别为12 757,7 980和13 207名。本研究通过了南京医科大学附属无锡人民医院科研伦理委员会审批(审批号:KY23187),所有研究对象均知情同意。
参考相关文献和书籍[14-16],通过专家讨论,结合乙肝、艾滋病和结核病的临床表现,从3种疾病的基本知识、传播途径、认识态度、行为活动与个人情况等方面,自制KAP结构性问卷,内容包括人口学信息,乙肝、艾滋病和结核病知识、态度、行为条目等内容。人口学信息包括生源地、性别、年龄、民族、家庭居住地、父母文化程度、父母职业、家庭人均月收入、是否独生子女及高中阶段的居住方式等。知识部分包括我国青年学生预防艾滋病的8条基本知识[14];结核病防治8条核心信息知识[15];乙肝知识调查参照《慢性乙型肝炎防治指南》[16],共7个条目。知识部分答对1题计1分,答错计0分,总分23分。态度部分共10道题目,行为部分共7道题目。正向态度报告率=单一调查对象正确回答态度问题的条目总数/10×100%。正向行为报告率=单一调查对象正确回答行为问题的条目总数/7×100%。
根据江苏省各辖市的地理位置、经济、产业结构和社会状况,将江苏13个地级市分为苏南、苏中、苏北三大城市群[17],苏南包括南京、无锡、镇江、苏州、常州,苏中包括扬州、泰州、南通,苏北包括连云港、淮安、宿迁、盐城和徐州。2019—2022年每年11月,被抽取的所有学生通过江苏省高校大一新生健康数据管理网络系统进行在线答题,现场集中在线填写标准化电子问卷,问卷填写结束后,相关数据实时上传至调查平台。
制定标准化电子问卷,问卷的填写范围、条目缺项设置自动质量控制。2019—2022年每年10月,通过江苏省高校大一新生健康数据管理网络系统开展调查,对各高校卫生机构的专业人员统一进行质控员培训,帮助学生现场集中在线填写问卷。问卷完成后自动上传,数据分析时采用统一标准对问卷进行筛选以确保质量。
运用Python(3.9.12)、Jamovi(2.4.11)和SPSS 26统计软件进行统计分析。一般信息采用描述性分析,计数资料采用频数和率描述,服从正态分布的计量资料以(x ±s)表示,无序分类资料组间比较采用Pearson χ2检验,有序分类资料组间比较采用Kruskal-Wallis H检验。人口学特征分析使用梦特云统计中的基线表生产模块(https://mengte.pro/table_one)运算完成。对于各年份三大传染病KAP变化趋势先进行单因素趋势分析,并利用多重线性回归矫正混淆因素后研究随年份增长KAP水平的线性趋势;采用多重线性回归探索三大传染病KAP水平的影响因素。以P<0.05为有统计学意义。
江苏籍大一新生三大传染病知识得分2019—2022年分别为(18.0±3.1)(18.4±3.2)(18.7±3.2)(18.8±3.2)分;正向态度报告率分别为81.77%,81.46%,82.68%,81.74%;正向行为报告率分别为80.11%,79.25%,79.08%,79.04%。线性趋势检验发现知识得分呈上升趋势(F=436.50,P<0.01),正向态度报告率变化无统计学意义(F=2.59,P=0.11),正向行为报告率呈下降趋势(F=27.26,P<0.01)。
多重线性回归分析显示,江苏籍大一新生三大传染病知识得分、正向态度/行为报告率受学校类型、父亲文化程度、母亲文化程度、母亲职业、家庭人均月收入、高中居住方式等因素影响,家庭居住地仅影响正向态度报告率,是否为独生子女仅影响正向行为报告率(P值均<0.05)。见表1。
见表2。
通过多重线性回归校正年份之间差异具有统计学意义的变量后进一步评估变化趋势的稳定性,当年份以连续变量纳入模型分析后发现,随年份增加,知识得分(β=0.297)和正向行为报告率(β=-0.005)变化趋势均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01),正向态度报告率变化趋势无统计学意义(β=0.001,P=0.22)。当年份以分类变量纳入模型进行分析发现2020,2021,2022年知识总知晓率分别比2019年高12.7%,66.6%,81.0%;2021年正向态度报告率比2019年高0.8%;2020,2021,2022年正向行为总报告率分别比2019年低1.0%,1.4%,1.5%(P值均<0.01)。
大学生群体人口数量庞大,流动性强,传染病防治形势不容乐观。教育部印发《普通高等学校健康教育指导纲要》[18]要求提高高校学生传染病KAP水平。了解大学生对三大传染病KAP状况及其影响因素,对控制高校传染病疫情发生具有重要意义。
趋势分析显示江苏籍大一新生2019—2021年三大传染病知识得分呈上升趋势,可能与江苏省近年来一直推进各中学、高校传染病防治健康教育策略有关[19],也可能与新型冠状病毒感染疫情后社会公众对传染病关注度普遍提高有关[20]。但三大传染病相关正向态度报告率变化无明显趋势,正向行为报告率甚至有所下降,表明该人群存在KAP分离现象。在健康教育与健康促进行动中,KAP分离现象时有出现[8];基于KAP理论,知识是改变行为的基础,态度是改变行为的动力,知识和态度的改变通常早于行为的改变[21]。因此学校应持续加强传染病防治宣传和技能培训,强化学生保护意识,促进养成健康行为。
多重线性回归分析显示,公办本科学校学生知识得分和正向行为报告率高于民办本科和专科学校学生,与现有研究结果相符[22]。提醒民办本科和专科学校应提高学生传染病相关知识宣传教育,强化学生对传染病防治知识的应用。一般而言,父母文化程度、职业可能通过影响孩子的认知进一步影响其行为[23]。随着母亲文化程度增高,大学生知识得分和正向行为报告率逐渐增高;父亲文化程度在大专/本科时大学生知识得分较高,而达到硕士及以上文化程度时大学生正向行为报告率则有小幅下降,但仍高于父亲学历高中及以下的大学生;与梁虹等[24-25]调查结果一致。当母亲职业为其他、科研人员、教育工作者或医务工作者时,大学生的知识得分和正向态度报告率较低,正向行为报告率较高,可能与母亲工作较忙忽略了对孩子传染病知识的教育,但其工作环境对孩子有一定的正面影响有关。在我国传统教育模式中,青年较少从家庭方面获得传染病防治知识,但家庭在教育中占据重要地位[26],而家校共育有助于家庭发挥其教育功能[27],故家长和学校应充分联动共同加强健康教育,以便更好提升大学生传染病KAP素养。
本研究存在一定的局限性:首先,此次研究人群为江苏籍大一新生,研究结果对其他地区的传染病防治工作参考价值受限;其次,此次三大传染病KAP调查条目仅采用核心条目,艾滋病的态度/行为维度分析较少,调查内容有限;另外,本研究追踪年份只有4年,不能反映其长期变化趋势,需要进行更长时间的监测分析。
综上所述,江苏籍大一新生三大传染病KAP水平存在分离现象,需重点关注专科学校、父母文化程度较低、高中时未与双亲居住在一起、家庭人均月收入较低的大学生,提高其知识知晓率,帮助形成正确认知态度,做到知行合一。
  • 江苏省教育科学“十四五”规划2021年度重点课题(T-a/2021/01);江苏省高等教育学会“十四五”高等教育科学研究规划一般课题(YB041)
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2025年第46卷第2期
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doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025057
  • 接收时间:2024-08-14
  • 首发时间:2026-11-06
  • 出版时间:2025-02-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-14
  • 修回日期:2025-01-01
基金
江苏省教育科学“十四五”规划2021年度重点课题(T-a/2021/01);江苏省高等教育学会“十四五”高等教育科学研究规划一般课题(YB041)
作者信息
    1南通大学公共卫生学院,江苏 226019
    2东南大学医院全科医学科
    3南京医科大学附属无锡人民医院肺移植中心

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叶雨秀,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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