Article(id=1259565862365815742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, issueId=1259565853893378510, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2026074, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1758556800000, receivedDateStr=2025-09-23, revisedDate=1765728000000, revisedDateStr=2025-12-15, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1778233503190, onlineDateStr=2026-05-08, pubDate=1774368000000, pubDateStr=2026-03-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1778233503190, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-05-08, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1778233503190, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1778233503190, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1259565853893378510, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, year='2026', volume='47', issue='3', pageStart='319', pageEnd='416', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1778233501170, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1778233964926, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1259567799123493033, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, issueId=1259565853893378510, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1259567799123493034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, issueId=1259565853893378510, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=355, endPage=359, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1259565868489499621, articleId=1259565862365815742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=EN, title=Association of physical activity with overweight/obesity, depressive symptoms and their co-occurrence among junior and senior high school students, columnId=1259565859148804482, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of School Health, columnName=Health Education and Promotion, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyze the associations of physical activity with overweight/obesity, depressive symptoms, and their co-occurrence among junior and senior high school students, so as to provide reference for optimizing physical activity intervention strategies and promoting healthy lifestyles.

Methods

From March to November 2023, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among 90 457 junior and senior high school students aged 11-18 years in Zhejiang Province using a stratified cluster random sampling method.Data on physical activity and dietary behavior were collected through questionnaires, height and weight were measured.Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D).The Chi-square test was used to examine differences, and Logistic regression was applied to evaluate the associations of physical activity characteristics with overweight/obesity, depressive symptoms, and their co-occurrence.Additionally, the effectiveness of physical activity performed on rest days versus work days was examined.

Results

The prevalence of overweight/obesity, depressive symptoms, and their co-occurrence among junior and senior high school students were 25.1%, 27.9%, and 6.7%, respectively, with significant sex differences (χ2=2 005.3, 587.7, 99.6, all P < 0.01).Logistic regression analysis showed that students with insufficient physical activity had a higher risk of overweight/obesity compared with those with sufficient physical activity (OR=1.12, 95%CI=1.06-1.17, P < 0.01).Comparing to students who exercised 0-1 day per week, those who exercised 5-7 days per week were associated with a reduced risk of overweight/obesity and depressive symptoms (OR=0.93, 95%CI=0.90-0.97;OR=0.95, 95%CI=0.91-0.99, both P < 0.05).When total activity volume and frequency were held constant, students with sufficient rest-day physical activity had lower risks of overweight/obesity, depressive symptoms, and their co-occurrence than those with insufficient rest-day activity (all P < 0.01).

Conclusions

Sufficient amount of physical activity and higher frequency of rest-day physical activity are significantly associated with lower risks of overweight/obesity, depressive symptoms, and their co-occurrence in adolescents.Physical activity performed on rest days may confer greater health benefits than activity performed on work days.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2026 Chinese Journal of School Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Qu LU, Manman CHEN, Jiahui WANG, Yu JIANG, Fang GU, Bin DONG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1259565869785539566, articleId=1259565862365815742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=CN, title=身体活动与中学生超重肥胖和抑郁症状及其共存的关联, columnId=1259565859903779205, journalTitle=中国学校卫生, columnName=健康教育与健康促进, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

分析中学生身体活动与超重肥胖、抑郁症状及共存的关联, 为优化运动干预策略、推动健康生活方式普及提供参考依据。

方法

2023年3-11月在浙江省通过分层整群随机抽样选取90 457名11~18岁初、高中学生进行问卷调查, 收集身体活动与饮食行为数据, 并进行身高、体重测量, 使用流调中心抑郁量表(CES-D)评估抑郁症状。采用χ2检验分析性别差异, Logistic回归分析身体活动特征与超重肥胖、抑郁症状及其共存的关系, 并评估休息日与平时运动的效应。

结果

中学生超重肥胖、抑郁症状及其共存检出率分别为25.1%, 27.9%, 6.7%, 且性别差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为2 005.3, 587.7, 99.6, P值均 < 0.01)。Logistic回归分析结果显示, 运动总量不足者超重肥胖风险较运动总量充足者高(OR=1.12, 95%CI=1.06~1.17, P < 0.01)。与每周运动0~1 d中学生相比, 运动频率为每周5~7 d与超重肥胖和抑郁症状风险下降显著相关(OR=0.93, 95%CI=0.90~0.97;OR=0.95, 95%CI=0.91~0.99, P值均 < 0.05)。运动总量和频率相同时, 休息日运动充足者超重肥胖、抑郁症状及其共存风险均低于休息日运动不足者(P值均 < 0.01)。

结论

运动总量充足、运动频率较高以及休息日运动与青少年超重肥胖、抑郁症状及超重肥胖-抑郁症状共存风险降低相关, 休息日运动较平时运动健康效果更强。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
顾昉,E-mail:
董彬,E-mail:
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陆取(2002-),女,浙江嘉兴人,在读博士,主要研究方向为慢性病流行病学

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Logistic regression analysis of the associations of physical activity characteristics with the risks of overweight/obesity, depressive symptoms, and their co-occurrence among junior and senior high school students[OR(95%CI), n=90 457]

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自变量选项模型1模型2
超重肥胖抑郁症状共存超重肥胖抑郁症状共存
运动总量充足1.001.001.001.001.001.00
不足1.11(1.06~1.17)**1.04(0.99~1.09)1.11(1.02~1.21)*1.12(1.06~1.17)**1.00(0.95~1.05)1.09(0.99~1.19)
每周运动0~11.001.001.001.001.001.00
频率/d2~40.99(0.96~1.03)0.90(0.87~0.93)**0.94(0.89~1.01)0.99(0.95~1.02)0.93(0.90~0.97)**0.96(0.90~1.02)
5~70.94(0.90~0.98)**0.90(0.86~0.93)**0.91(0.85~0.97)**0.93(0.90~0.97)*0.95(0.91~0.99)**0.94(0.87~1.01)
平时运动不足1.001.001.001.001.001.00
中等0.99(0.96~1.03)0.88(0.85~0.92)**0.91(0.85~0.97)**0.99(0.95~1.03)0.91(0.88~0.94)**0.92(0.86~0.99)*
充足0.98(0.94~1.02)0.92(0.88~0.96)**0.98(0.91~1.06)0.98(0.93~1.02)0.97(0.93~1.01)1.00(0.93~1.09)
休息日不足1.001.001.001.001.001.00
运动中等0.97(0.93~1.01)0.82(0.79~0.86)**0.88(0.82~0.95)**0.97(0.93~1.01)0.85(0.82~0.89)**0.90(0.84~0.97)**
充足0.87(0.84~0.90)**0.62(0.60~0.64)**0.65(0.61~0.69)**0.86(0.83~0.90)**0.64(0.62~0.67)**0.66(0.62~0.71)**
), ArticleFig(id=1259565898378109150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1259565862365815742, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

中学生身体活动特征与超重肥胖、抑郁症状及其共存风险关联的Logistic回归分析[OR值(95%CI),n=90 457]

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自变量选项模型1模型2
超重肥胖抑郁症状共存超重肥胖抑郁症状共存
运动总量充足1.001.001.001.001.001.00
不足1.11(1.06~1.17)**1.04(0.99~1.09)1.11(1.02~1.21)*1.12(1.06~1.17)**1.00(0.95~1.05)1.09(0.99~1.19)
每周运动0~11.001.001.001.001.001.00
频率/d2~40.99(0.96~1.03)0.90(0.87~0.93)**0.94(0.89~1.01)0.99(0.95~1.02)0.93(0.90~0.97)**0.96(0.90~1.02)
5~70.94(0.90~0.98)**0.90(0.86~0.93)**0.91(0.85~0.97)**0.93(0.90~0.97)*0.95(0.91~0.99)**0.94(0.87~1.01)
平时运动不足1.001.001.001.001.001.00
中等0.99(0.96~1.03)0.88(0.85~0.92)**0.91(0.85~0.97)**0.99(0.95~1.03)0.91(0.88~0.94)**0.92(0.86~0.99)*
充足0.98(0.94~1.02)0.92(0.88~0.96)**0.98(0.91~1.06)0.98(0.93~1.02)0.97(0.93~1.01)1.00(0.93~1.09)
休息日不足1.001.001.001.001.001.00
运动中等0.97(0.93~1.01)0.82(0.79~0.86)**0.88(0.82~0.95)**0.97(0.93~1.01)0.85(0.82~0.89)**0.90(0.84~0.97)**
充足0.87(0.84~0.90)**0.62(0.60~0.64)**0.65(0.61~0.69)**0.86(0.83~0.90)**0.64(0.62~0.67)**0.66(0.62~0.71)**
), ArticleFig(id=1259565898780762337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1259565862365815742, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Logistic regression analysis of the associations of rest-day physical activity with the risks of overweight/obesity, depressive symptoms, and their co-occurrence among middle school students with different activity levels

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运动水平休息日
运动
超重肥胖抑郁症状共存
OR值(95%CI)POR值(95%CI)POR值(95%CI)P
运动总量充足不足1.001.001.00
(n=10 057)中等1.04(0.99~1.09)0.080.94(0.80~1.10)0.431.12(0.86~1.46)0.40
充足0.92(0.87~0.96)< 0.010.70(0.62~0.79)< 0.010.73(0.59~0.91)< 0.01
运动总量不足不足1.001.001.00
(n=80 400)中等0.96(0.92~1.01)0.080.84(0.81~0.88)< 0.010.88(0.81~0.95)< 0.01
充足0.88(0.85~0.92)< 0.010.61(0.58~0.64)< 0.010.64(0.60~0.70)< 0.01
每周运动0~1 d不足1.001.001.00
(n=25 777)中等0.94(0.84~1.06)0.310.84(0.75~0.94)< 0.010.85(0.70~1.04)0.12
每周运动2~4 d不足1.001.001.00
(n=39 686)中等0.98(0.92~1.03)0.410.82(0.77~0.87)< 0.010.87(0.79~0.97)0.01
充足0.86(0.81~0.91)< 0.010.58(0.54~0.61)< 0.010.60(0.53~0.66)< 0.01
每周运动5~7 d不足1.001.001.00
(n=24 994)中等0.94(0.86~1.02)0.130.91(0.84~0.99)0.020.94(0.81~1.08)0.39
充足0.84(0.78~0.90)< 0.010.70(0.66~0.75)< 0.010.73(0.64~0.82)< 0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1259565899049197797, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1259565862365815742, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同运动水平中学生休息日运动与超重肥胖、抑郁症状及其共存风险关联的Logistic回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
运动水平休息日
运动
超重肥胖抑郁症状共存
OR值(95%CI)POR值(95%CI)POR值(95%CI)P
运动总量充足不足1.001.001.00
(n=10 057)中等1.04(0.99~1.09)0.080.94(0.80~1.10)0.431.12(0.86~1.46)0.40
充足0.92(0.87~0.96)< 0.010.70(0.62~0.79)< 0.010.73(0.59~0.91)< 0.01
运动总量不足不足1.001.001.00
(n=80 400)中等0.96(0.92~1.01)0.080.84(0.81~0.88)< 0.010.88(0.81~0.95)< 0.01
充足0.88(0.85~0.92)< 0.010.61(0.58~0.64)< 0.010.64(0.60~0.70)< 0.01
每周运动0~1 d不足1.001.001.00
(n=25 777)中等0.94(0.84~1.06)0.310.84(0.75~0.94)< 0.010.85(0.70~1.04)0.12
每周运动2~4 d不足1.001.001.00
(n=39 686)中等0.98(0.92~1.03)0.410.82(0.77~0.87)< 0.010.87(0.79~0.97)0.01
充足0.86(0.81~0.91)< 0.010.58(0.54~0.61)< 0.010.60(0.53~0.66)< 0.01
每周运动5~7 d不足1.001.001.00
(n=24 994)中等0.94(0.86~1.02)0.130.91(0.84~0.99)0.020.94(0.81~1.08)0.39
充足0.84(0.78~0.90)< 0.010.70(0.66~0.75)< 0.010.73(0.64~0.82)< 0.01
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身体活动与中学生超重肥胖和抑郁症状及其共存的关联
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陆取 1 , 陈曼曼 2 , 汪嘉卉 1 , 江宇 1 , 顾昉 3 , 董彬 4, 5
中国学校卫生 | 健康教育与健康促进 2026,47(3): 355-359
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中国学校卫生 | 健康教育与健康促进 2026, 47(3): 355-359
身体活动与中学生超重肥胖和抑郁症状及其共存的关联
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陆取1, 陈曼曼2, 汪嘉卉1, 江宇1, 顾昉3 , 董彬4, 5
作者信息
  • 1中国医学科学院北京协和医学院卫生健康管理政策学院, 北京 100730
  • 2中国医学科学院北京协和医学院群医学及公共卫生学院
  • 3浙江省疾病预防控制中心营食所学校卫生科
  • 4北京大学公共卫生学院/北京大学儿童青少年卫生研究所
  • 5生育健康智能精准诊疗技术创新转化北京市重点实验室
  • 陆取(2002-),女,浙江嘉兴人,在读博士,主要研究方向为慢性病流行病学

通讯作者:

顾昉,E-mail:
董彬,E-mail:
Association of physical activity with overweight/obesity, depressive symptoms and their co-occurrence among junior and senior high school students
Qu LU1, Manman CHEN2, Jiahui WANG1, Yu JIANG1, Fang GU3 , Bin DONG4, 5
Affiliations
  • School of Health Policy and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
出版时间: 2026-03-25 doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2026074
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目的

分析中学生身体活动与超重肥胖、抑郁症状及共存的关联, 为优化运动干预策略、推动健康生活方式普及提供参考依据。

方法

2023年3-11月在浙江省通过分层整群随机抽样选取90 457名11~18岁初、高中学生进行问卷调查, 收集身体活动与饮食行为数据, 并进行身高、体重测量, 使用流调中心抑郁量表(CES-D)评估抑郁症状。采用χ2检验分析性别差异, Logistic回归分析身体活动特征与超重肥胖、抑郁症状及其共存的关系, 并评估休息日与平时运动的效应。

结果

中学生超重肥胖、抑郁症状及其共存检出率分别为25.1%, 27.9%, 6.7%, 且性别差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为2 005.3, 587.7, 99.6, P值均 < 0.01)。Logistic回归分析结果显示, 运动总量不足者超重肥胖风险较运动总量充足者高(OR=1.12, 95%CI=1.06~1.17, P < 0.01)。与每周运动0~1 d中学生相比, 运动频率为每周5~7 d与超重肥胖和抑郁症状风险下降显著相关(OR=0.93, 95%CI=0.90~0.97;OR=0.95, 95%CI=0.91~0.99, P值均 < 0.05)。运动总量和频率相同时, 休息日运动充足者超重肥胖、抑郁症状及其共存风险均低于休息日运动不足者(P值均 < 0.01)。

结论

运动总量充足、运动频率较高以及休息日运动与青少年超重肥胖、抑郁症状及超重肥胖-抑郁症状共存风险降低相关, 休息日运动较平时运动健康效果更强。

运动活动  /  超重  /  肥胖  /  抑郁  /  共病现象  /  回归分析  /  学生
Objective

To analyze the associations of physical activity with overweight/obesity, depressive symptoms, and their co-occurrence among junior and senior high school students, so as to provide reference for optimizing physical activity intervention strategies and promoting healthy lifestyles.

Methods

From March to November 2023, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among 90 457 junior and senior high school students aged 11-18 years in Zhejiang Province using a stratified cluster random sampling method.Data on physical activity and dietary behavior were collected through questionnaires, height and weight were measured.Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D).The Chi-square test was used to examine differences, and Logistic regression was applied to evaluate the associations of physical activity characteristics with overweight/obesity, depressive symptoms, and their co-occurrence.Additionally, the effectiveness of physical activity performed on rest days versus work days was examined.

Results

The prevalence of overweight/obesity, depressive symptoms, and their co-occurrence among junior and senior high school students were 25.1%, 27.9%, and 6.7%, respectively, with significant sex differences (χ2=2 005.3, 587.7, 99.6, all P < 0.01).Logistic regression analysis showed that students with insufficient physical activity had a higher risk of overweight/obesity compared with those with sufficient physical activity (OR=1.12, 95%CI=1.06-1.17, P < 0.01).Comparing to students who exercised 0-1 day per week, those who exercised 5-7 days per week were associated with a reduced risk of overweight/obesity and depressive symptoms (OR=0.93, 95%CI=0.90-0.97;OR=0.95, 95%CI=0.91-0.99, both P < 0.05).When total activity volume and frequency were held constant, students with sufficient rest-day physical activity had lower risks of overweight/obesity, depressive symptoms, and their co-occurrence than those with insufficient rest-day activity (all P < 0.01).

Conclusions

Sufficient amount of physical activity and higher frequency of rest-day physical activity are significantly associated with lower risks of overweight/obesity, depressive symptoms, and their co-occurrence in adolescents.Physical activity performed on rest days may confer greater health benefits than activity performed on work days.

Motor activity  /  Overweight  /  Obesity  /  Depression  /  Comorbidity  /  Regression analysis  /  Students
陆取, 陈曼曼, 汪嘉卉, 江宇, 顾昉, 董彬. 身体活动与中学生超重肥胖和抑郁症状及其共存的关联. 中国学校卫生, 2026 , 47 (3) : 355 -359 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2026074
Qu LU, Manman CHEN, Jiahui WANG, Yu JIANG, Fang GU, Bin DONG. Association of physical activity with overweight/obesity, depressive symptoms and their co-occurrence among junior and senior high school students[J]. Chinese Journal of School Health, 2026 , 47 (3) : 355 -359 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2026074
当前青少年超重肥胖与心理健康问题呈“双高”态势,严重威胁其健康成长。世界卫生组织(World Health Organization,WHO)指出,全球5~19岁儿童青少年超重肥胖率在过去40年中增长近10倍,预计2050年超重肥胖问题将累计约7.46亿儿童青少年,占该人群总数的1/3[1]。调查显示,当前约21.3%的青少年存在不同程度的抑郁症状,且呈逐年增长趋势[2]。超重肥胖常与多种心理问题同时存在,影响青少年身心发育与社会功能[3-4]。体力活动水平、饮食行为、性别等因素均被认为与青少年多重健康风险相关[5-6]。既往研究发现规律且充足的运动有助于改善体成分、提升心肺与肌肉健康,且能降低青少年的抑郁症状风险[7-8]。近年来,体力活动的时空分布特征逐渐受到关注[9-10]。为此,本研究基于浙江省中小学生常见病调查数据,从运动总量、运动频率、平时和休息日多个维度的运动习惯,探讨其与青少年超重肥胖、抑郁症状及其共存之间的关系,旨在为优化运动干预策略、推动健康生活方式普及提供理论依据。
于2023年3—11月在浙江省11个市,90个县区的中小学校开展研究。采用分层整群随机抽样,每个城区调查点随机抽取5所中学(初中2所、普通高中2所及职业高中1所);在每个郊县抽取3所中学(初中2所、高中1所)。各校按年级分层,每个年级抽取2个及以上班级,所有入选班级学生均纳入研究,且保证每个年级的样本量不少于80人,共抽取11~18岁学生90 490名。采用(x ±3s)作为体质量指数(body mass index, BMI)异常值判定标准,剔除异常值33例,最终纳入有效样本90 457名。其中男生47 413名,女生43 044名,平均年龄为(15.0±1.8)岁。研究已获得北京大学生物医学伦理委员会批准(批号:IRB00001052-20027-免),所有研究对象及其监护人均获得充分说明。
包括运动总量、运动频率与运动模式。采用“学生健康状况与影响因素调查表”[11]进行问卷调查。该问卷的Cronbach α系数为0.84,效度近似误差均方根(root mean square error of approximation, RMSEA)值为0.07。运动情况通过“过去7 d内,有几天能做到每天至少60 min的中高强度身体活动”“在休息日,能做到每天至少60 min中高强度身体活动的情况”等问题收集。根据《中国青少年身体活动指南》[12],将每天累计达到60 min及以上中高强度身体活动设为运动总量充足,未达到该标准为不足。运动频率根据运动情况作答得到。运动模式聚焦平时与休息日运动的分配差异,将其划分为运动充足、中等、不足3种水平[9, 13]。本研究中,回答“都能做到”“多数能做到”设为休息日运动充足(2 d),“一半的日子能做到”设为休息日运动中等(1 d),“少数能做到”“几乎做不到”设为休息日运动不足(0 d)。平时运动依据周运动天数与休息日运动天数的分配情况划分为充足(4~5 d)、中等(2~3 d)和不足(0~1 d)三类。
使用机械式身高计测量身高,电子体重计测量体重,身高精确到0.1 cm,体重精确到0.1 kg;计算BMI=体重(kg)/[身高(m)]2。本研究采用WHO 2007年发布的学龄儿童青少年生长发育参考标准[14]评价个体的营养状况。根据该标准计算个体在相应年龄和性别下的标准化评分(BMI-Z-score),并评价个体营养状况:BMI-Z-score < 1为非超重肥胖,BMI-Z-score≥1为超重肥胖。以上过程使用Stata 14.0中“zanthro”模块实现。
采用抑郁症状量表(Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, CES-D)进行评估,该量表的Cronbach α系数为0.90,近似误差均方根为0.05。该量表共20个条目,每个条目根据症状出现的频率进行4级评分[0=“几乎没有(不到1 d)”至3=“大多数时候有(5~7 d)”]。将所有题目得分相加得到抑郁症状的总得分,总分范围为0~60分。总分越高表明抑郁症状越严重,将CES-D总分≥16分定义为存在抑郁症状[15]
采用“学生健康状况与影响因素调查表”[11]评估饮食行为,包括含糖饮料、油炸食品、新鲜水果、蔬菜、奶制品。非健康饮食定义为过去7 d内每天摄入≥1次含糖饮料、油炸食品等任一种类食品。健康饮食定义为过去7 d内,每天都摄入新鲜水果、蔬菜和奶制品等种类食品。若在过去7 d内每日摄入含糖饮料、油炸食品等任一类非健康食品,即使同时每日摄入新鲜水果、蔬菜和奶制品,仍判定为“非健康饮食摄入”[16]
由浙江省疾病预防控制中心组织专业医生和学校卫生工作人员入校开展调查和质量控制。监测人员均接受严格培训及考核,使用符合要求的仪器和设备,采用统一的检测方法,规范监测数据采集过程,并每日选取5%的被监测学生进行现场复核,确保每日误差率在5%以下。
使用SPSS 25.0、Stata 14.0和R 4.2.3软件进行数据分析。符合正态分布的计量资料以(x±s)表示,计数资料以频数和百分率表示。采用χ2检验分析青少年人口学基本信息在性别上的差异,采用Logistic回归模型评估运动总量、运动频率、运动模式与超重肥胖、抑郁症状及其共存风险的关联。双侧检验水准α=0.05。
中学生的超重肥胖、抑郁症状及其共存检出率分别为25.1%(22 746名),27.9%(25 268名),6.7%(6 048名)。不同性别中学生超重肥胖(男:31.3%,14 841/47 413;女:18.4%,7 905/43 044)、抑郁症状(男:24.5%,11 610/47 413;女:31.7%,13 658/43 044)、超重肥胖-抑郁症状共存检出率(男:7.5%,3 545/47 413;女:5.8%,2 503/43 044)差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为2 005.3,587.7,99.6,P值均 < 0.01)。
88.9%(80 400名)的中学生存在运动不足问题。调整协变量后,与运动总量充足中学生相比,运动总量不足与超重肥胖风险增加有关(OR=1.12);与每周运动0~1 d的中学生相比,运动频率为每周5~7 d与超重肥胖和抑郁症状风险下降均相关(OR值分别为0.93,0.95);平时运动中等比平时运动不足的中学生出现抑郁症状以及超重肥胖-抑郁症状共存的风险更低(OR值分别为0.91,0.92)(P值均 < 0.05)。与休息日运动不足的中学生相比,休息日运动中等的中学生抑郁症状风险以及超重肥胖-抑郁症状共存风险更低(OR值分别为0.85,0.90),休息日运动充足的中学生超重肥胖(OR=0.86)、抑郁症状(OR=0.64)以及超重肥胖-抑郁症状共存风险(OR=0.66)更低(P值均 < 0.05)。见表 1
在运动总量充足的中学生中,与休息日运动不足相比,休息日运动充足的中学生超重肥胖(OR=0.92)、抑郁症状(OR=0.70)以及共存(OR=0.73)风险更低(P值均 < 0.01)。在运动总量不足的中学生中,与休息日运动不足相比,休息日运动充足的中学生超重肥胖(OR=0.88)、抑郁症状(OR=0.61)以及共存(OR=0.64)风险更低(P值均 < 0.01)。在每周运动频率2~4 d的中学生中,休息日运动中等或充足的中学生超重(充足:OR=0.86)、抑郁症状(中等:OR=0.82;充足:OR=0.58)、超重肥胖-抑郁症状共存风险(中等:OR=0.87;充足:OR=0.60)均更低(P值均 < 0.05)。当每周运动频率为5~7 d时,与休息日运动不足的中学生相比,休息日运动充足与超重肥胖(OR=0.84)、抑郁症状(OR=0.70)、超重肥胖-抑郁症状共存风险(OR=0.73)下降显著相关(P值均 < 0.01)。见表 2
本研究结果显示,充足的运动量、较高的运动频率与中学生较低的抑郁症状、超重肥胖风险相关。运动模式与中学生超重肥胖、抑郁症状及其共存风险均有关联,当运动总量和频率相同时,休息日运动充足者超重肥胖、抑郁症状及其共存风险均低于休息日运动不足者。提示对于运动总量不足的中学生,应增加周末运动,可降低超重肥胖、抑郁症状及其共存的风险。
本研究基于2023年浙江省学生常见病的数据,发现11~18岁中学生超重肥胖检出率为25.1%,较2011年上升18%[17],提示浙江省中学生超重肥胖流行水平在十余年间呈上升趋势。有研究预测2030年中国学龄儿童超重肥胖率将达到31.8%[18],因此积极防控中学生超重肥胖具有重要现实意义。本研究显示浙江省中学生抑郁症状检出率为27.9%,与全国平均检出率(24.4%)相近[19],浙江省中学生超重肥胖-抑郁症状共存率为6.7%,高于同年青岛市检出率(5.99%)[20]。运动不足是超重肥胖-抑郁症状共存的重要风险因素[5, 21],本研究发现88.9%的浙江省中学生存在运动不足问题,运动充足的中学生超重风险更低,加强身体活动或将成为改善中学生健康状况的关键途径。
本研究发现每周运动频率与中学生超重肥胖及抑郁症状风险下降相关。既往研究显示,每周进行≥3 d的中高强度运动可有效降低儿童青少年抑郁症状和肥胖检出率[22],与本研究结果一致。较高的运动频率有助于将运动由“意向驱动”转化为“自动化执行”的稳定行为模式[23],从而更有效地发挥预防慢性病的作用。在运动模式上,本研究发现休息日运动与超重肥胖、抑郁症状及其共存风险降低相关。控制运动总量和频率后,相比平时运动的中学生,休息日运动的中学生超重肥胖、抑郁症状及其共存的风险仍降低。这一结果与在成年人群体中的研究类似[24-25],提示休息日的运动可能对中学生的身心健康具有独特的保护作用。从生物学角度来看,中学生普遍存在昼夜节律后移,学习日早晨的强制性起床与体温及皮质醇的生理高峰错位,而休息日运动多在自然醒后的日间进行,更容易与体温和皮质醇的自然节律相匹配[26]
本研究存在一定局限性:首先,运动行为信息依赖自填问卷获得,在估计平时与休息日运动情况时,可能存在回忆偏倚;其次,横断面研究设计无法明确运动行为与健康结局间的因果关系。
综上所述,本研究结果显示充足的运动总量、规律的运动频率以及注重休息日运动对预防超重肥胖、抑郁症状及其共存具有重要意义,提示休息日可作为中学生健康促进重要时段。相关结果拓展了运动模式对中学生健康影响的认识,并探索了超重肥胖-抑郁症状共存的有效预防模式,为制定更具针对性的干预策略提供了参考依据。
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2026年第47卷第3期
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doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2026074
  • 接收时间:2025-09-23
  • 首发时间:2026-05-08
  • 出版时间:2026-03-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-09-23
  • 修回日期:2025-12-15
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    1中国医学科学院北京协和医学院卫生健康管理政策学院, 北京 100730
    2中国医学科学院北京协和医学院群医学及公共卫生学院
    3浙江省疾病预防控制中心营食所学校卫生科
    4北京大学公共卫生学院/北京大学儿童青少年卫生研究所
    5生育健康智能精准诊疗技术创新转化北京市重点实验室

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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