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Article(id=1259565862273597918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, issueId=1259565853893378510, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2026093, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1767542400000, receivedDateStr=2026-01-05, revisedDate=1773676800000, revisedDateStr=2026-03-17, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1778233503167, onlineDateStr=2026-05-08, pubDate=1774368000000, pubDateStr=2026-03-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1778233503167, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-05-08, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1778233503167, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1778233503167, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1259565853893378510, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, year='2026', volume='47', issue='3', pageStart='319', pageEnd='416', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1778233501170, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1778233964926, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1259567799123493033, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, issueId=1259565853893378510, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1259567799123493034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, issueId=1259565853893378510, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=319, endPage=322, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1259565867445174785, articleId=1259565862273597918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=EN, title=Relationship between dietary inflammatory index and elevated blood pressure among primary school students in Ma'anshan City, columnId=1259565867256431099, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of School Health, columnName=Series on Blood Pressure Health among Children and Adolescents, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the association between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and elevated blood pressure among primary school students, and to analyze the mediating role of body mass index (BMI) in this association, so as to provide a scientific basis for the early prevention of childhood hypertension and dietary guidance.

Methods

Research conducted based on the Ma'anshan Child Growth Cohort in Anhui Province. From April to June 2024, 4 057 primary school students were selected as study subjects using a multi-stage cluster sampling method. Dietary information was collected via Semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire to calculate the DII score. BMI was obtained by measuring students' height and weight. Elevated blood pressure was defined based on the Blood Pressure Reference Standards for Children Aged 3-17 Years. Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between DII scores and the risk of elevated blood pressure, and the Bootstrap method was employed to test for mediating effects.

Results

The detection rate of elevated blood pressure among primary school students was 10.1% (408 cases). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that, after adjusting for covariates such as gender and age, for each standard deviation increase in the DII score (s=1.94), the risk of elevated blood pressure increased by 15% (OR=1.15, 95%CI=1.04-1.28, P < 0.05). Compared with the lowest quartile group of DII scores (Q1), students in the highest quartile group (Q4) had a 1.31-fold higher risk of elevated blood pressure (OR=1.31, 95%CI=1.00-1.76, P < 0.05). Restricted cubic spline results indicated a linear dose-response relationship between DII scores and the risk of elevated blood pressure(Pnonlinear=0.13). The mediation analysis revealed that BMI played a partial mediating role in the association between DII scores and elevated blood pressure. The mediation effect value was 0.06 (95%CI=0.04-0.08), accounting for 44.64% of the total effect.

Conclusions

DII scores are associated with elevated blood pressure among primary school students in Ma'anshan City, and BMI plays a partial mediating role in this association. Promoting an anti-inflammatory dietary pattern and weight control in early childhood should be emphasized to reduce the incidence of hypertension among primary school students.

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目的

探讨小学生膳食炎症指数(DII)与血压偏高的关联，并分析体质量指数(BMI)在其中的中介作用，为儿童高血压的早期预防和膳食指导提供科学依据。

方法

研究依托于安徽省马鞍山儿童健康成长队列，于2024年4—6月，采用多阶段整群抽样方法选取4 057名一年级小学生作为研究对象。通过半定量食物频率问卷收集膳食信息计算DII得分，通过测量学生的身高和体重获取BMI，并依据《3~17岁儿童血压参照标准》判断是否为血压偏高。采用Logistic回归分析小学生DII评分与血压偏高风险的关联，并利用Bootstrap法进行中介效应检验。

结果

小学生血压偏高检出率为10.1%(408名)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示，调整性别、年龄等协变量后，DII评分每增加1个标准差(s=1.94)，小学生血压偏高风险增加15%(OR=1.15，95%CI=1.04~1.28)，以DII评分最低四分位组(Q1)为参照，最高四分位组(Q4)的小学生血压偏高的风险是前者的1.31倍(OR=1.31, 95%CI=1.00~1.76)(P值均 < 0.05)。限制性立方样条结果显示，DII评分与小学生血压偏高风险呈线性剂量-反应关系(P非线性=0.13)。中介效应分析表明，BMI在DII评分与小学生血压偏高的关联中起部分中介作用，中介效应值为0.06(95%CI=0.04~0.08)，中介效应占比为44.64%。

结论

马鞍山市小学生DII评分与血压偏高相关，且BMI在此关联中发挥部分中介作用。应在儿童早期推广抗炎饮食模式并控制体重，以减少小学生高血压的发生。

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屈光波，E-mail:
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孙倩(1986-)，女，江苏东海人，硕士，主管医师，主要从事食品营养与学校卫生方面工作

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Comparison of prevalence of elevated blood pressure among primary school students across different groups

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组别选项人数血压偏高人数χ2值P值
性别男2 171235(10.8)2.860.09
女1 886173(9.2)
是否独生是2 642262(9.9)0.120.73
子女否1 415146(10.3)
母亲文化初中及以下1089(8.3)3.830.43
程度*高中/中专1 361148(10.9)
大专947100(10.6)
本科1 534138(9.0)
硕士及以上10312(11.7)
父亲文化初中及以下20526(12.7)7.280.12
程度*高中/中专1 428151(10.6)
大专76587(11.4)
本科1 584141(8.9)
硕士及以上583(5.2)
父亲职业国家机关工作人员84980(9.4)4.10.54
企业工作人员696(8.7)
个体户51162(12.1)
务农1 00998(9.7)
家务/待业251(4.0)
其他1 594161(10.1)
母亲职业国家机关工作人员60262(10.3)4.230.52
企业工作人员645(7.8)
个体户47449(10.3)
务农65778(11.9)
家务/待业70662(8.8)
其他1 554152(9.8)
家庭平均月< 3 00014312(8.4)1.770.62
收入/元3 000~5 00073173(10.0)
>5 000~10 0001 738186(10.7)
>10 0001 445137(9.5)
父母婚姻初婚3 757377(10.0)0.540.76
状况*再婚14317(11.9)
离异/丧偶14414(9.7)
DII评分Q11 01598(9.7)8.670.03
分组Q21 01491(9.0)
Q31 01493(9.2)
Q41 014126(12.4)
), ArticleFig(id=1259565885187080839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1259565862273597918, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同组别小学生血压偏高检出率比较

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组别选项人数血压偏高人数χ2值P值
性别男2 171235(10.8)2.860.09
女1 886173(9.2)
是否独生是2 642262(9.9)0.120.73
子女否1 415146(10.3)
母亲文化初中及以下1089(8.3)3.830.43
程度*高中/中专1 361148(10.9)
大专947100(10.6)
本科1 534138(9.0)
硕士及以上10312(11.7)
父亲文化初中及以下20526(12.7)7.280.12
程度*高中/中专1 428151(10.6)
大专76587(11.4)
本科1 584141(8.9)
硕士及以上583(5.2)
父亲职业国家机关工作人员84980(9.4)4.10.54
企业工作人员696(8.7)
个体户51162(12.1)
务农1 00998(9.7)
家务/待业251(4.0)
其他1 594161(10.1)
母亲职业国家机关工作人员60262(10.3)4.230.52
企业工作人员645(7.8)
个体户47449(10.3)
务农65778(11.9)
家务/待业70662(8.8)
其他1 554152(9.8)
家庭平均月< 3 00014312(8.4)1.770.62
收入/元3 000~5 00073173(10.0)
>5 000~10 0001 738186(10.7)
>10 0001 445137(9.5)
父母婚姻初婚3 757377(10.0)0.540.76
状况*再婚14317(11.9)
离异/丧偶14414(9.7)
DII评分Q11 01598(9.7)8.670.03
分组Q21 01491(9.0)
Q31 01493(9.2)
Q41 014126(12.4)
), ArticleFig(id=1259565885417767560, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1259565862273597918, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Logistic regression analysis of the association between DII scores and elevated blood pressure among primary school students of different genders

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性别自变量模型1模型2
OR值(95%CI)P值OR值(95%CI)P值
男DII评分1.10(0.96~1.26)0.181.09(0.95~1.26)0.20
(n=2 171)Q11.001.00
Q20.92(0.63~1.28)0.460.96(0.66~1.30)0.44
Q30.90(0.62~1.30)0.560.90(0.62~1.32)0.60
Q41.03(0.72~1.48)0.881.01(0.70~1.46)0.95
女DII评分1.24(1.06~1.46)0.011.23(1.05~1.45)0.01
(n=1 886)Q11.001.00
Q21.59(1.00~2.57)0.051.59(1.00~2.59)0.06
Q31.08(0.65~1.79)0.771.12(0.67~1.87)0.67
Q41.98(1.26~3.15)< 0.011.92(1.22~3.08)0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1259565885870752395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1259565862273597918, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同性别小学生DII评分与血压偏高关联的Logistic回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性别自变量模型1模型2
OR值(95%CI)P值OR值(95%CI)P值
男DII评分1.10(0.96~1.26)0.181.09(0.95~1.26)0.20
(n=2 171)Q11.001.00
Q20.92(0.63~1.28)0.460.96(0.66~1.30)0.44
Q30.90(0.62~1.30)0.560.90(0.62~1.32)0.60
Q41.03(0.72~1.48)0.881.01(0.70~1.46)0.95
女DII评分1.24(1.06~1.46)0.011.23(1.05~1.45)0.01
(n=1 886)Q11.001.00
Q21.59(1.00~2.57)0.051.59(1.00~2.59)0.06
Q31.08(0.65~1.79)0.771.12(0.67~1.87)0.67
Q41.98(1.26~3.15)< 0.011.92(1.22~3.08)0.01
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马鞍山市小学生膳食炎症指数与血压偏高的关系
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孙倩 1 , 李翠 2 , 翟光富 1 , 鲁芬 1 , 屈光波 2
中国学校卫生 | 儿童青少年血压健康专栏 2026,47(3): 319-322
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中国学校卫生 | 儿童青少年血压健康专栏 2026, 47(3): 319-322
马鞍山市小学生膳食炎症指数与血压偏高的关系
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孙倩1, 李翠2, 翟光富1, 鲁芬1, 屈光波2
作者信息
  • 1马鞍山市疾病预防控制中心(马鞍山市卫生监督所)食品营养与学校卫生科，安徽 243000
  • 2安徽医科大学公共卫生学院

    • 孙倩(1986-)，女，江苏东海人，硕士，主管医师，主要从事食品营养与学校卫生方面工作

通讯作者:

屈光波，E-mail:
Relationship between dietary inflammatory index and elevated blood pressure among primary school students in Ma'anshan City
Qian SUN1, Cui LI2, Guangfu ZHAI1, Fen LU1, Guangbo QU2
Affiliations
  • Department of Food Nutrition and School Health, Ma'anshan Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Ma'anshan Institute for Health Supervision), Ma'anshan 243000, Anhui Province, China
出版时间: 2026-03-25 doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2026093
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摘要
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目的

探讨小学生膳食炎症指数(DII)与血压偏高的关联，并分析体质量指数(BMI)在其中的中介作用，为儿童高血压的早期预防和膳食指导提供科学依据。

方法

研究依托于安徽省马鞍山儿童健康成长队列，于2024年4—6月，采用多阶段整群抽样方法选取4 057名一年级小学生作为研究对象。通过半定量食物频率问卷收集膳食信息计算DII得分，通过测量学生的身高和体重获取BMI，并依据《3~17岁儿童血压参照标准》判断是否为血压偏高。采用Logistic回归分析小学生DII评分与血压偏高风险的关联，并利用Bootstrap法进行中介效应检验。

结果

小学生血压偏高检出率为10.1%(408名)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示，调整性别、年龄等协变量后，DII评分每增加1个标准差(s=1.94)，小学生血压偏高风险增加15%(OR=1.15，95%CI=1.04~1.28)，以DII评分最低四分位组(Q1)为参照，最高四分位组(Q4)的小学生血压偏高的风险是前者的1.31倍(OR=1.31, 95%CI=1.00~1.76)(P值均 < 0.05)。限制性立方样条结果显示，DII评分与小学生血压偏高风险呈线性剂量-反应关系(P非线性=0.13)。中介效应分析表明，BMI在DII评分与小学生血压偏高的关联中起部分中介作用，中介效应值为0.06(95%CI=0.04~0.08)，中介效应占比为44.64%。

结论

马鞍山市小学生DII评分与血压偏高相关，且BMI在此关联中发挥部分中介作用。应在儿童早期推广抗炎饮食模式并控制体重，以减少小学生高血压的发生。

膳食炎症指数  /  血压  /  回归分析  /  学生
Objective

To explore the association between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and elevated blood pressure among primary school students, and to analyze the mediating role of body mass index (BMI) in this association, so as to provide a scientific basis for the early prevention of childhood hypertension and dietary guidance.

Methods

Research conducted based on the Ma'anshan Child Growth Cohort in Anhui Province. From April to June 2024, 4 057 primary school students were selected as study subjects using a multi-stage cluster sampling method. Dietary information was collected via Semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire to calculate the DII score. BMI was obtained by measuring students' height and weight. Elevated blood pressure was defined based on the Blood Pressure Reference Standards for Children Aged 3-17 Years. Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between DII scores and the risk of elevated blood pressure, and the Bootstrap method was employed to test for mediating effects.

Results

The detection rate of elevated blood pressure among primary school students was 10.1% (408 cases). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that, after adjusting for covariates such as gender and age, for each standard deviation increase in the DII score (s=1.94), the risk of elevated blood pressure increased by 15% (OR=1.15, 95%CI=1.04-1.28, P < 0.05). Compared with the lowest quartile group of DII scores (Q1), students in the highest quartile group (Q4) had a 1.31-fold higher risk of elevated blood pressure (OR=1.31, 95%CI=1.00-1.76, P < 0.05). Restricted cubic spline results indicated a linear dose-response relationship between DII scores and the risk of elevated blood pressure(Pnonlinear=0.13). The mediation analysis revealed that BMI played a partial mediating role in the association between DII scores and elevated blood pressure. The mediation effect value was 0.06 (95%CI=0.04-0.08), accounting for 44.64% of the total effect.

Conclusions

DII scores are associated with elevated blood pressure among primary school students in Ma'anshan City, and BMI plays a partial mediating role in this association. Promoting an anti-inflammatory dietary pattern and weight control in early childhood should be emphasized to reduce the incidence of hypertension among primary school students.

Dietary inflammatory index  /  Blood pressure  /  Regression analysis  /  Students
孙倩, 李翠, 翟光富, 鲁芬, 屈光波. 马鞍山市小学生膳食炎症指数与血压偏高的关系. 中国学校卫生, 2026 , 47 (3) : 319 -322 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2026093
Qian SUN, Cui LI, Guangfu ZHAI, Fen LU, Guangbo QU. Relationship between dietary inflammatory index and elevated blood pressure among primary school students in Ma'anshan City[J]. Chinese Journal of School Health, 2026 , 47 (3) : 319 -322 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2026093
正文
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心血管疾病是危害全球儿童青少年健康的重要公共卫生问题，高血压是主要的危险因素之一[1-2]。近年来，我国儿童青少年高血压患病率显著上升[3-4]，全国性调查显示其患病率达8.8%[1]。研究表明，儿童期高血压不仅会增加成年后高血压的发生风险，还会损害心脏、肾脏等器官，进而提高成年心血管疾病的患病风险[5]。饮食作为可调控的生活方式，在高血压的发生发展中起重要作用[6]。因此，深入探讨饮食与血压之间的关系，利于儿童高血压的早期防控。
膳食炎症指数(dietary inflammatory index, DII)是评估膳食炎症潜力的量化指标[7]，可有效反映全身性炎症水平，并与C反应蛋白、白介素-6等血液炎症标志物的表达密切相关[8-9]。儿童青少年期是生长发育的关键阶段，饮食可通过调节炎症水平、代谢途径及血管功能等机制影响血压[10]。已有研究表明，DII与肥胖、高血压及心血管疾病风险增加有关[11-14]，但其与儿童血压之间的直接关联尚缺乏充分证据。本研究旨在通过横断面调查，分析马鞍山市小学生DII与血压偏高之间的关联，并进一步探讨体质量指数(body mass index，BMI)在两者关系中的中介作用，为儿童高血压的早期预防和膳食指导提供科学依据。
1　对象与方法
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1.1　对象
安徽省马鞍山儿童健康成长队列，于2024年4—6月开展调查。采用多阶段整群随机抽样，第一阶段按“三县(含山县、和县、当涂县)三区(花山区、雨山区、博望区)”的行政区划分层，确保覆盖城市与农村区域；第二阶段在每层中简单随机选取学校；第三阶段将学校中所有一年级学生整群纳入。研究初始纳入4 785名小学生，经数据完整性核查，排除信息不全的样本，最终共4 057名纳入分析。其中男生2 171名，女生1 886名；平均年龄(6.71±0.48)岁。本研究经安徽医科大学伦理委员会批准(批准号：83244560)，所有参与者监护人均签署知情同意书。
1.2　方法
1.2.1　问卷调查
通过在线问卷对参与学生的监护人展开调查。问卷内容涵盖学生基本信息(年龄、性别、是否为独生子女)、父母受教育程度与职业、家庭经济状况等。膳食摄入信息采用适用于6~17岁儿童的半定量食物频率问卷[15]进行收集，由监护人报告其子女在过去1个月内各种食物的消费频率与份量，评估日常膳食模式。该问卷包含72种食物条目(11个主要类别)，能较好评估儿童青少年食物与营养素摄入量。信度分析(重测信度)结果显示，食物及营养素摄入量的组内相关系数为0.24~0.70；效度分析(与3 d 24 h膳食回顾法比较)显示，Spearman相关系数为0.03~0.50[15]，表明该问卷具有良好的可重复性与一致性。
1.2.2　身高、体重与血压测量
小学生血压、身高和体重由经过统一培训的调查人员采用标准化操作流程进行测量。血压测量采用同一品牌同一型号电子血压计，每次测量间隔1 min，连续测量3次，最终血压值取3次血压测量均数。身高体重测量时，学生身着轻便衣物，脱鞋后由专人逐一测量。身高和体重的测量精度分别为0.1 cm和0.1 kg，并计算BMI=体重(kg)/[身高(m)]2。依据《3~17岁儿童血压参照标准》，收缩压和/或舒张压≥同性别、同年龄、同身高儿童第95百分位数，被判定为血压偏高[16]。
1.2.3　DII得分
DII计算通过衡量膳食成分与6种炎症标志物的关系评估膳食炎症潜力，得分范围为-8.87~+7.98。正值表示膳食促炎；负值表示膳食抗炎；0为中性[17]。本研究基于20种营养素计算DII评分。首先，将营养素日摄入量与全球标准比较，进行Z转换并转为百分位数，再将其中心化至-1~1区间；随后，将该中心化值与文献中对应的营养素炎症效应分数相乘，得到各营养素DII子评分；最终，通过累加子评分得到DII总分[17]。
1.3　质量控制
在正式调查前开展预调查，并优化研究方案；所有调查员均参与统一培训，保证操作流程和标准一致；数据收集完成后进行严格的录入核查。
1.4　统计学分析
使用SPSS 23.0和R 4.3.2软件进行统计分析。计数资料以n(%)表示，组间比较采用χ2检验。采用多重插补法处理协变量的缺失值。连续变量经Shapiro-Wilk检验不符合正态分布，进行对数转换和标准化处理。按DII评分四分位数将研究对象分为Q1~Q4 4组，以Q1组为参照，采用Logistic回归分析DII评分与血压偏高之间的关联。在此基础上，利用限制性立方样条(restricted cubic spline, RCS)分析其剂量反应关系。采用中介效应分析探索BMI在DII评分与血压偏高关联中的中介作用，依次构建以下模型：DII评分对血压偏高风险的Logistic回归模型；DII评分对BMI的线性回归模型；同时纳入DII评分和BMI的血压偏高Logistic回归模型。采用Bootstrap法(重复抽样1 000次)计算中介效应的估计值及其95%CI。此外，为考察DII评分与血压偏高之间的关联是否存在性别间差异，进一步进行性别分层分析。双侧检验水准α=0.05。
2　结果
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2.1　小学生DII评分和血压偏高检出情况
4 057名小学生血压偏高检出率为10.1%(408名)。DII评分范围为-3.92~3.87分，52.5%(2 132名)的个体评分大于0。不同DII分组小学生血压偏高检出率差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。见表 1。
2.2　DII评分与小学生血压偏高的关联
Logistic回归模型分析结果显示，在未调整协变量的情况下，DII评分每增加1个标准差(s=1.94)，小学生血压偏高风险增加16%(OR=1.16，95%CI=1.04~1.28)；进一步调整性别，年龄，独生子女情况，父母文化程度、职业、婚姻状况及家庭月收入等协变量后，DII评分每增加1个标准差，小学生血压偏高风险增加15%(OR=1.15，95%CI=1.04~1.28)(P值均 < 0.05)。未调整模型中，DII评分Q4组血压偏高风险高于Q1组(OR=1.33)；在校正协变量后，Q4组的关联仍然有统计学意义(OR=1.31)(P值均 < 0.05)。RCS分析进一步揭示DII评分与血压偏高间存在线性的剂量—反应关系(P非线性=0.13)，即随着DII评分的升高，血压偏高风险呈上升趋势。见图 1。
2.3　BMI在DII评分与小学生血压偏高关联中的中介效应
回归模型显示，DII评分与小学生BMI呈正相关(β=0.16, 95%CI=0.13~0.19)，BMI与血压偏高呈正相关(OR=1.46, 95%CI=1.33~1.59)(P值均 < 0.05)。BMI介导的DII评分与血压偏高关联的总效应为0.13(95%CI=0.03~0.24)，直接效应为0.07(95%CI=-0.03~0.18)，中介效应为0.06(95%CI=0.04~0.08)，中介比例为44.64%(P < 0.05)，提示BMI在DII评分与血压偏高之间发挥了显著的部分中介作用。
2.4　DII评分与小学生血压偏高关联的性别分层分析
结果显示，DII评分与小学生血压偏高风险的关联存在性别差异；DII评分每增加1个标准差，女生血压偏高风险增加23%(OR=1.23)；与Q1组相比，Q4组女生血压偏高风险增加92%(OR=1.92)(P值均 < 0.05)。男生中，DII评分与血压偏高风险的关联均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。见表 2。
3　讨论
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本研究结果显示，DII评分每增加1个标准差，小学生血压偏高风险增加15%。DII评分Q4组小学生发生血压偏高的风险是Q1组的1.31倍。RCS分析得出DII与血压偏高之间存在线性剂量—反应关系。这一发现与在成人群体中的研究结论一致[14, 18-19]。Meta分析也表明，DII评分每增加1个单位，成年人高血压发生风险平均增加4%[20]。从作用机制分析，富含高糖、高脂与高盐的促炎饮食模式可能系统性地激活炎症通路，对血压产生不良影响[21]。具体而言，炎症细胞因子作为关键的血压调节因子，可通过干扰肾素-血管紧张素系统功能、诱发血管内皮炎症及氧化应激等多重途径促成血压升高[22-23]。饮食是调控体内炎症标志物水平的关键可调节因素[24]，其中，饱和脂肪酸、反式脂肪[25]、精制碳水化合物等促炎成分均可促进全身性炎症状态，增加高血压风险[26]。
中介效应分析显示，BMI在DII评分与小学生血压关联中发挥44.64%的中介作用，提示控制体重可能是降低DII评分对血压不良影响的有效手段。具体而言，促炎饮食可能通过影响能量代谢导致肥胖[18]，而肥胖本身又可引发胰岛素抵抗的炎症状态[21]，最终促使血压升高。分层分析发现，DII评分与血压偏高的显著关联主要体现在女生群体中。在女生中，DII评分每增加1个标准差，血压偏高风险增加23%，且Q4组女生血压偏高的风险是Q1组的1.92倍。这种性别差异可能与儿童青春前期内分泌发育特点有关[27]。具体而言，女生比男生往往更早进入青春期，性激素变化可能调节其对于膳食炎症的代谢与血管反应[28]。女生通常具有更高的体脂率和不同的脂肪分布，促炎饮食可能更易加剧女生的脂肪组织炎症，进而通过影响肾素-血管紧张素系统等途径升高血压[29]。此外，不容忽视的社会行为因素，如男女生在饮食质量、体力活动水平上的差异，也可能部分解释了本研究的结果[30]。这一发现强调在未来的营养干预研究中，考虑性别特异性的必要性。
尽管本研究为横断面设计，难以直接推断DII评分与小学生血压偏高之间的因果关系，且膳食数据可能存在回忆偏倚、样本代表性也限制了结论外推，但研究结果仍提示，在儿童早期推行抗炎饮食并控制体重，对预防高血压具有潜在的重要性。未来需要采用前瞻性队列设计，以明确DII评分与儿童血压之间的因果关系，并深入探索其中的作用机制。
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doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2026093
  • 接收时间：2026-01-05
  • 首发时间：2026-05-08
  • 出版时间：2026-03-25
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  • 收稿日期：2026-01-05
  • 修回日期：2026-03-17
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    1马鞍山市疾病预防控制中心(马鞍山市卫生监督所)食品营养与学校卫生科，安徽 243000
    2安徽医科大学公共卫生学院

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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