Article(id=1259565854639964622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, issueId=1259565853893378510, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2026078, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1756656000000, receivedDateStr=2025-09-01, revisedDate=1765036800000, revisedDateStr=2025-12-07, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1778233501347, onlineDateStr=2026-05-08, pubDate=1774368000000, pubDateStr=2026-03-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1778233501347, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-05-08, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1778233501347, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1778233501347, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1259565853893378510, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, year='2026', volume='47', issue='3', pageStart='319', pageEnd='416', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1778233501170, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1778233964926, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1259567799123493033, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, issueId=1259565853893378510, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1259567799123493034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, issueId=1259565853893378510, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=360, endPage=364, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1259565858695856593, articleId=1259565854639964622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=EN, title=Latent profile analysis of regulatory emotional self-efficacy and non-suicidal self-injury behavior among junior and senior high school students, columnId=1259565855189418448, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of School Health, columnName=Mental Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the latent profile characteristics of regulatory emotional self-efficacy and its relationship with non-suicidal self-injurious (NSSI) behavior among junior and senior high school students, so as to provide a basis for effectively reducing NSSI behaviors.

Methods

From April to October 2023, a total of 1 217 junior and senior high school students were selected from Tongren City, Zunyi City and Qiannan Prefecture of Guizhou Province by stratified cluster random sampling method.The Scale of Regulatory Emotional Self-efficacy and the Adolescent Self-injury Scale were administered.Latent profile analysis (LPA) was employed to explore distinct profiles of regulatory emotional self-efficacy, and the Lanza, Tan, and Bray's method (LTB) was used to analyze the relationship between these profiles and NSSI behavior.

Results

The prevalence rate of NSSI behavior among junior and senior high school students was 28.6%.Among males, regulatory emotional self-efficacy was categorized into two types: moderate positive expression-low negative management group (59.1%, n=353) and high-efficacy group (40.9%, n=244);among females, regulatory emotional self-efficacy was classified into three categories: low-efficacy group (18.4%, n=114), high positive expression-low negative management group (56.3%, n=349), and high-efficacy group (25.3%, n=157).There were statistically significant differences in total NSSI scores across different potential categories of regulatory emotional self-efficacy within both males and females (Z/H=-5.75, 57.58, both P < 0.01).The differences in NSSI prevalence rates across the potential categories of regulatory emotional self-efficacy were statistically significant for both males and females (χ2=38.00, 69.14, both P < 0.01), and among females, the differences in NSSI prevalence rates between the high-efficacy group and the low-efficacy group (χ2=60.01) and between the high-efficacy group and the high positive expression-low negative management group (χ2=31.34) were also statistically significant (both P < 0.016 7).Binary Logistic regression analysis revealed that, compared with the high-efficacy group within each gender, the moderate positive expression-low negative management group among males (OR=2.36), and both the low-efficacy group and the high positive expression-low negative management group among females (OR=6.19, 2.97), were at an increased risk of engaging in NSSI (all P < 0.01).

Conclusion

Different latent profiles of regulatory emotional self-efficacy among junior and senior high school students are associated with NSSI behavior.

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目的

探讨中学生情绪调节自我效能感的潜在类别特征及与非自杀性自伤(NSSI)行为的关系, 为有效减少中学生NSSI行为的发生提供依据。

方法

2023年4-10月, 采用分层整群随机抽样方法从贵州省铜仁市、遵义市、黔南州抽取1 217名中学生为调查对象, 采用情绪调节自我效能感量表和青少年自我伤害问卷进行调查。采用潜在剖面分析(LPA)探究不同性别中学生情绪调节自我效能感的类型, 运用LTB法(Lanza, Tan, and Bray's method)分析情绪调节自我效能感与NSSI行为的关系。

结果

中学生NSSI行为的检出率为28.6%。男生情绪调节自我效能感分为2个类别: 中积极表达-低消极管理组(59.1%, 353名)和高效能组(40.9%, 244名); 女生分为3个类别: 低效能组(18.4%, 114名)、高积极表达-低消极管理组(56.3%, 349名)和高效能组(25.3%, 157名)。男、女生不同情绪调节自我效能感潜在类别的NSSI行为总分差异均有统计学意义(Z/H值分别为-5.75, 57.58, P值均 < 0.01)。男、女生不同情绪调节自我效能感潜在类别NSSI行为检出率差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为38.00, 69.14, P值均 < 0.01), 其中女生高效能组与低效能组(χ2=60.01)和高积极表达-低消极管理组(χ2=31.34)比较差异均有统计学意义(P值均 < 0.016 7)。二元Logistic回归分析显示, 相较于各性别内的高效能组, 男生中积极表达-低消极管理组(OR=2.36)及女生低效能组、高积极表达-低消极管理组(OR值分别为6.19, 2.97)发生NSSI行为的风险均增加(P值均 < 0.01)。

结论

中学生情绪调节自我效能感的不同潜在类别与NSSI行为之间存在关联。

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张宛筑,E-mail:
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吴瑾怡(1999-),女,贵州台江人,在读硕士,主要研究方向为青少年心理健康

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Psychol Rep, 2025, 128(3): 1690-1707., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1259565893328224956, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1259565854639964622, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=20, rfOrder=30, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HATZOPOULOS K, BOYES M, HASKING P. Relationships between dimensions of emotional experience, rumination, and non-suicidal self-injury: an application of the Emotional Cascade Model[J]. J Clin Psychol, 2022, 78(4): 692-709., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1259565893433082559, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1259565854639964622, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=21, rfOrder=31, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈其锦, 黄敏儿. 情绪社会分享动机与社会适应[J]. 心理学探新, 2020, 40(1): 64-69., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1259565893571494594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1259565854639964622, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=21, rfOrder=32, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHEN Q J, HUANG M E. Motivation for social sharing of emotions and social adaption[J]. Psychol Explor, 2020, 40(1): 64-69. 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注:条目1~17分别为令人高兴的事情发生时,我会表达自己的愉悦之情;参加聚会时,我会尽情表达自己的快乐;面对感兴趣的人或物时,我会积极表达我的兴奋之情;当运动员为国争光时,我会感到非常荣耀;预期目标实现时,我会对自己感到满意;我会为自己的成功雀跃;受到父母或其他重要人物斥责时,我能够控制自己的消极情绪;当别人故意找我麻烦时,我能够避免恼火;碰到败兴的事情后,我能够很快摆脱恼怒的情绪;当我生气时,我能避免勃然大怒;孤独时,我能够让自己远离沮丧;面对尖锐的批评时,我能够不气馁;未获应得的赞赏时,我能够多减轻心中的失落感;面对困难,我能够不气馁;感到内疚时,我能够让自己不受其影响;因能力不足未能实现目标,我能尽量避免消极体验;感到羞耻时,我能够积极的自我调节。

, figureFileSmall=VU2l0KlUulIv25CJ4qBL7A==, figureFileBig=kQjX5W2TMUTMOdc7e1NHzw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1259565881064079976, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1259565854639964622, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Fitting indices of latent profile analysis for regulatory emotional self-efficacy among junior and senior high school students by genders

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性别模型AICBICaBICEntropyPLMRPBLRT类别概率
130 918.2231 067.5530 959.611.00
(n=597)228 253.1928 481.5728 316.490.92< 0.01< 0.010.59/0.41
327 526.1927 833.6327 611.400.880.34< 0.010.24/0.51/0.25
427 142.3727 528.8627 249.490.900.13< 0.010.10/0.30/0.46/0.14
526 801.7027 267.2426 930.720.880.14< 0.010.09/0.29/0.19/0.29/0.14
626 592.3127 136.9126 743.240.880.40< 0.010.06/0.07/0.20/0.28/0.26/0.13
131 265.3231 415.9331 307.991.00
(n=620)228 746.1328 976.4828 811.380.90< 0.01< 0.010.63/0.37
327 722.7228 032.8027 810.560.920.01< 0.010.18/0.56/0.25
427 090.1427 479.9627 200.570.91< 0.01< 0.010.30/0.17/0.38/0.15
526 793.9527 263.5026 926.970.920.03< 0.010.04/0.37/0.30/0.14/0.15
626 635.9327 185.2226 791.540.900.04< 0.010.04/0.27/0.33/0.14/0.15/0.06
), ArticleFig(id=1259565881202492011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1259565854639964622, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同性别中学生情绪调节自我效能感的潜在剖面分析拟合指数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性别模型AICBICaBICEntropyPLMRPBLRT类别概率
130 918.2231 067.5530 959.611.00
(n=597)228 253.1928 481.5728 316.490.92< 0.01< 0.010.59/0.41
327 526.1927 833.6327 611.400.880.34< 0.010.24/0.51/0.25
427 142.3727 528.8627 249.490.900.13< 0.010.10/0.30/0.46/0.14
526 801.7027 267.2426 930.720.880.14< 0.010.09/0.29/0.19/0.29/0.14
626 592.3127 136.9126 743.240.880.40< 0.010.06/0.07/0.20/0.28/0.26/0.13
131 265.3231 415.9331 307.991.00
(n=620)228 746.1328 976.4828 811.380.90< 0.01< 0.010.63/0.37
327 722.7228 032.8027 810.560.920.01< 0.010.18/0.56/0.25
427 090.1427 479.9627 200.570.91< 0.01< 0.010.30/0.17/0.38/0.15
526 793.9527 263.5026 926.970.920.03< 0.010.04/0.37/0.30/0.14/0.15
626 635.9327 185.2226 791.540.900.04< 0.010.04/0.27/0.33/0.14/0.15/0.06
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中学生情绪调节自我效能感潜在剖面分析及与非自杀性自伤行为关系
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吴瑾怡 1 , 张宛筑 1, 2 , 赵文欣 1 , 高瑛 2 , 邓茜雯 2 , 熊美琦 1 , 卢晶晶 2
中国学校卫生 | 心理卫生 2026,47(3): 360-364
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中国学校卫生 | 心理卫生 2026, 47(3): 360-364
中学生情绪调节自我效能感潜在剖面分析及与非自杀性自伤行为关系
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吴瑾怡1, 张宛筑1, 2 , 赵文欣1, 高瑛2, 邓茜雯2, 熊美琦1, 卢晶晶2
作者信息
  • 1贵州医科大学公共卫生与健康学院/环境污染与疾病监控教育部重点实验室, 贵阳 561113
  • 2贵州医科大学医学人文学院
  • 吴瑾怡(1999-),女,贵州台江人,在读硕士,主要研究方向为青少年心理健康

通讯作者:

张宛筑,E-mail:
Latent profile analysis of regulatory emotional self-efficacy and non-suicidal self-injury behavior among junior and senior high school students
Jinyi WU1, Wanzhu ZHANG1, 2 , Wenxin ZHAO1, Ying GAO2, Xiwen DENG2, Meiqi XIONG1, Jingjing LU2
Affiliations
  • School of Public Health and Wellness, Guizhou Medical University/Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Disease Surveillance, Ministry of Education, Guiyang 561113, Guizhou Province, China
出版时间: 2026-03-25 doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2026078
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目的

探讨中学生情绪调节自我效能感的潜在类别特征及与非自杀性自伤(NSSI)行为的关系, 为有效减少中学生NSSI行为的发生提供依据。

方法

2023年4-10月, 采用分层整群随机抽样方法从贵州省铜仁市、遵义市、黔南州抽取1 217名中学生为调查对象, 采用情绪调节自我效能感量表和青少年自我伤害问卷进行调查。采用潜在剖面分析(LPA)探究不同性别中学生情绪调节自我效能感的类型, 运用LTB法(Lanza, Tan, and Bray's method)分析情绪调节自我效能感与NSSI行为的关系。

结果

中学生NSSI行为的检出率为28.6%。男生情绪调节自我效能感分为2个类别: 中积极表达-低消极管理组(59.1%, 353名)和高效能组(40.9%, 244名); 女生分为3个类别: 低效能组(18.4%, 114名)、高积极表达-低消极管理组(56.3%, 349名)和高效能组(25.3%, 157名)。男、女生不同情绪调节自我效能感潜在类别的NSSI行为总分差异均有统计学意义(Z/H值分别为-5.75, 57.58, P值均 < 0.01)。男、女生不同情绪调节自我效能感潜在类别NSSI行为检出率差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为38.00, 69.14, P值均 < 0.01), 其中女生高效能组与低效能组(χ2=60.01)和高积极表达-低消极管理组(χ2=31.34)比较差异均有统计学意义(P值均 < 0.016 7)。二元Logistic回归分析显示, 相较于各性别内的高效能组, 男生中积极表达-低消极管理组(OR=2.36)及女生低效能组、高积极表达-低消极管理组(OR值分别为6.19, 2.97)发生NSSI行为的风险均增加(P值均 < 0.01)。

结论

中学生情绪调节自我效能感的不同潜在类别与NSSI行为之间存在关联。

情绪  /  自我  /  自我伤害行为  /  回归分析  /  学生
Objective

To explore the latent profile characteristics of regulatory emotional self-efficacy and its relationship with non-suicidal self-injurious (NSSI) behavior among junior and senior high school students, so as to provide a basis for effectively reducing NSSI behaviors.

Methods

From April to October 2023, a total of 1 217 junior and senior high school students were selected from Tongren City, Zunyi City and Qiannan Prefecture of Guizhou Province by stratified cluster random sampling method.The Scale of Regulatory Emotional Self-efficacy and the Adolescent Self-injury Scale were administered.Latent profile analysis (LPA) was employed to explore distinct profiles of regulatory emotional self-efficacy, and the Lanza, Tan, and Bray's method (LTB) was used to analyze the relationship between these profiles and NSSI behavior.

Results

The prevalence rate of NSSI behavior among junior and senior high school students was 28.6%.Among males, regulatory emotional self-efficacy was categorized into two types: moderate positive expression-low negative management group (59.1%, n=353) and high-efficacy group (40.9%, n=244);among females, regulatory emotional self-efficacy was classified into three categories: low-efficacy group (18.4%, n=114), high positive expression-low negative management group (56.3%, n=349), and high-efficacy group (25.3%, n=157).There were statistically significant differences in total NSSI scores across different potential categories of regulatory emotional self-efficacy within both males and females (Z/H=-5.75, 57.58, both P < 0.01).The differences in NSSI prevalence rates across the potential categories of regulatory emotional self-efficacy were statistically significant for both males and females (χ2=38.00, 69.14, both P < 0.01), and among females, the differences in NSSI prevalence rates between the high-efficacy group and the low-efficacy group (χ2=60.01) and between the high-efficacy group and the high positive expression-low negative management group (χ2=31.34) were also statistically significant (both P < 0.016 7).Binary Logistic regression analysis revealed that, compared with the high-efficacy group within each gender, the moderate positive expression-low negative management group among males (OR=2.36), and both the low-efficacy group and the high positive expression-low negative management group among females (OR=6.19, 2.97), were at an increased risk of engaging in NSSI (all P < 0.01).

Conclusion

Different latent profiles of regulatory emotional self-efficacy among junior and senior high school students are associated with NSSI behavior.

Emotions  /  Ego  /  Self-injurious behavior  /  Regression analysis  /  Students
吴瑾怡, 张宛筑, 赵文欣, 高瑛, 邓茜雯, 熊美琦, 卢晶晶. 中学生情绪调节自我效能感潜在剖面分析及与非自杀性自伤行为关系. 中国学校卫生, 2026 , 47 (3) : 360 -364 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2026078
Jinyi WU, Wanzhu ZHANG, Wenxin ZHAO, Ying GAO, Xiwen DENG, Meiqi XIONG, Jingjing LU. Latent profile analysis of regulatory emotional self-efficacy and non-suicidal self-injury behavior among junior and senior high school students[J]. Chinese Journal of School Health, 2026 , 47 (3) : 360 -364 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2026078
情绪调节自我效能感是指个体对能否有效调节自身情绪状态的一种自信程度[1]。Clauss等[2]研究发现,低情绪调节自我效能感的个体更易产生消极的情绪状态和心理困扰。国内对青少年的研究发现,情绪调节自我效能感与情绪-行为问题呈负相关,高情绪调节自我效能感的个体拥有较低的精神病理症状和较高的心理健康水平[3]。研究发现,情绪调节自我效能感存在个体异质性[4]。非自杀性自伤(non-suicidal self-injury, NSSI)行为是指在没有自杀意图的情况下,故意对身体表面造成伤害的行为,且该行为不被社会文化认可[5]。荟萃研究发现,在17个国家中,青少年NSSI行为的总体检出率为17.7%[6];中国青少年NSSI行为的检出率为24.7%[5]。有研究提示,情绪调节自我效能感是NSSI行为的重要预测因素[7]。本文拟通过潜在剖面分析(latent profile analysis, LPA)探讨不同性别中学生情绪调节自我效能感的潜在类别,并进一步分析各类别与NSSI行为的关系,为有效减少中学生NSSI行为的发生提供依据。
2023年4—10月,采用分层整群随机抽样方法,依据国内生产总值,将贵州省各地市划分为经济发展水平好、中、差3层,从各层抽签抽取遵义市、黔南州和铜仁市3个区域,每个区域抽签选取1所初中和1所高中,对抽取学校按年级分层各抽签选取1个班级,以班级为单位,对抽中班内的所有学生进行问卷调查。共发放问卷1 300份,回收有效问卷1 217份,有效率为93.62%;其中男生597名,女生620名;平均年龄(15.06±1.74)岁。研究已获得贵州医科大学人体试验伦理委员会的批准(批准号:2023伦理审查第120号),所有对象均已签署知情同意书。
内容包括年龄、性别、学段、民族、自评学习成绩、亲密伙伴数、家庭类型、家庭氛围等一般情况。
该问卷共19个条目,内容包括自伤次数和自伤程度。自伤次数分为4个等级,分别为0,1,2~4和≥5次,计为0~3分;自伤程度分5个等级,分别计为0=“无”至4=“极重度”。自伤次数和自伤程度得分相乘为自伤总分,总分越高提示个体自伤程度越严重。将中学生自伤总分>0分设为NSSI组,0分者设为非NSSI组。本研究中该问卷的Cronbach α系数为0.930。
该量表共17个条目,包括表达积极情绪自我效能感(1~6题,包括表达快乐/兴奋、自豪情绪效能感)和管理消极情绪自我效能感(7~17题,包括管理生气/愤怒、沮丧/痛苦、内疚/羞耻情绪效能感)。采用李克特5点计分,从1=“非常不符合”至5=“非常符合”,2个维度的得分范围分别为6~30,11~55分,得分越高表示个体更相信自己具备相应有效的情绪管理能力。本研究该量表的Cronbach α系数为0.915
调查人员在调查前完成相关培训,熟悉指导语和实施流程。调查过程中,告知问卷填写要求、注意事项及调查内容将严格保密。调查结束后,调查员回收并核查问卷,剔除答案选项过多一致或留白的问卷,问卷内容采用EpiData 3.1进行双录入。
使用Mplus 8.3软件进行LPA,模型拟合评价标准:赤池信息准则(akaike information criterion, AIC)、贝叶斯信息量准则(Bayesian information criterion, BIC)、样本量调整BIC(sample size-adjusted BIC, aBIC)的数值越小表明模型拟合效果越好;洛-门德尔-鲁宾调整似然比(Lo-Mendell-Rubin adjusted, LMR)检验与自助法似然比(bootstrap likelihood ratio test, BLRT)检验的P < 0.05,表明k个类别的模型优于k-1个类别的模型;Entropy值越接近1表示分类的准确性越好[10],当Entropy>0.6表示模型可接受,>0.8表示模型的准确性越好[11]。进一步使用LTB法(Lanza, Tan, and Bray's method)[12]探讨中学生不同情绪调节自我效能感潜在类别与NSSI行为的关系。使用SPSS 27.0软件进行数据处理,对定量资料进行正态性检验,均为非正态分布,以M(P25P75)表示,两组间比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验;多组间比较采用Kruskal-Wallis H检验,两两比较采用Bonferroni校正的Mann-Whitney U检验。定性资料采用百分比描述,采用χ2检验分析不同人口学变量中学生情绪调节自我效能感潜在类别分布差异,两两比较采用Bonferroni校正的χ2检验(检验水准校正为α'=0.05/3≈0.016 7),二元Logistic回归分析中学生情绪调节自我效能感潜在类别与NSSI行为的关联。检验水准α=0.05。
结果显示,男生的AICBICaBIC值随着模型数量的增加而减少,所有模型的BLRT值均有统计学意义(P值均 < 0.01)。仅2类别模型的LMR值有统计学意义(P值均 < 0.01),Entropy值最高,最终选择2类别模型。结合图 1A对男生情绪调节自我效能感的2种类别命名:C1类学生在表达积极情绪自我效能感维度的得分处于中等水平,在管理消极情绪自我效能感维度的得分较低,命名为中积极表达-低消极管理组,共353名(59.1%);C2类学生在2个维度的得分均较高,命名为高效能组,共244名(40.9%)。
女生的拟合指数随着类别增加而递减,所有模型的BLRT值与LMR值均有统计学意义(P值均 < 0.01)。当模型数为3时,Entropy值最高,且AICBICaBIC值下降趋势减缓,最终选择3类别模型。结合图 1B对女生情绪调节自我效能感的3种类别命名:C1类学生在2个维度的得分均较低,命名为低效能组,共114名(18.4%);C2类学生在表达积极情绪自我效能感维度的得分较高,在管理消极情绪自我效能感维度得分较低,命名为高积极表达-低消极管理组,共349名(56.3%);C3类学生在2个维度的得分均较高,命名为高效能组,共157名(25.3%)。见表 1
中学生NSSI行为的检出率为28.6%(348/1 217)。男、女生情绪调节自我效能感潜在类别的NSSI总分差异均有统计学意义(Z/H值分别为-5.75,57.58,P值均 < 0.01),男生中积极表达-低消极管理组的NSSI总分[0.00(0.00,2.00)]高于高效能组[0.00(0.00,0.00)];女生组间进一步两两比较结果显示,低效能组的NSSI总分[1.50(0.00,9.00)]高于高积极表达-低消极管理组[0.00(0.00,3.00)](Z=4.36),高积极表达-低消极管理组的NSSI总分高于高效能组[0.00(0.00,0.00)](Z=4.77)(调整P值均 < 0.01)。
男生的中积极表达-低消极管理组(33.4%,118/353)与高效能组(14.3%,32/244)的NSSI行为检出率差异均有统计学意义(χ2=38.00,P < 0.01)。女生各类别组间NSSI行为检出率(54.4%,62/114;33.2%,116/349;12.7%,20/157)差异有统计学意义(χ2=69.14,P < 0.01),进一步两两比较,低效能组与高积极表达-低消极管理组、高效能组相比差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为15.81,60.01),高积极表达-低消极管理组与高效能组相比差异有统计学意义(χ2=31.34)(P值均 < 0.016 7)。
以LPA的分类结果为自变量(均以高效能组为参照组),以是否有NSSI行为为因变量(无=0,有=1),进行LTB分析;进一步用二元Logistic回归评价各潜在类别对NSSI行为的影响。由于男生情绪调节自我效能感潜在类别在学段、自评学习成绩、亲密伙伴数、家庭类型和家庭氛围组间的分布差异均有统计学意义(χ2=6.37~43.88,P值均 < 0.05),女生情绪调节自我效能感潜在类别在自评学习成绩、亲密伙伴数和家庭氛围组间的分布差异均有统计学意义(χ2=24.63~32.35,P值均 < 0.05)。男生调整学段、自评学习成绩、亲密伙伴数、家庭类型、家庭氛围,女生调整自评学习成绩、亲密伙伴数、家庭氛围后,结果显示,相比高效能组,男生中积极表达-低消极管理组,女生低效能组、高积极表达-低消极管理组发生NSSI行为的风险均增加[OR值(95%CI)分别为2.36(1.48~3.76),6.19(3.32~11.55),2.97(1.74~5.07),P值均 < 0.01]。
本研究发现,不同性别中学生存在不同情绪调节自我效能感类别,男生分为中积极表达-低消极管理组和高效能组2类,女生分为低效能组、高积极表达-低消极管理组和高效能组3类,与姚菊[4]对初中生的研究结果相似。女生群体中高积极表达-低消极管理组占比高,提示其大多处于积极情绪调节优势与消极管理困境并存境况中,可能是由于女生在青春期表现出比男生更多的积极情绪、外化情绪和消极情绪[13]。本研究仅在女生群体中发现低效能组,可能与男、女生的社会角色定义有关:男生常被定义为有责任心、勇敢、有担当及较少情感表露的形象,而女生则被定义为更温和、被允许更多的情感表达的形象[14]。针对初中生的研究指出,女生的情绪调节自我效能感低于男生[3]。何相材等[15]指出,在情绪调节过程中,男生倾向于使用认知重评策略;当女生面对大量消极情绪时,则倾向于使用情绪聚焦策略。若该策略失效则可能增加情绪失控风险,进而与低情绪调节自我效能感形成恶性循环,导致极端行为的产生。
本研究中学生NSSI行为检出率为28.59%,低于胡达振等[16]报道的江西省中学生NSSI行为检出率(34.4%),可能与调查工具及不同区域间的差异有关。进一步分析发现,不同情绪调节自我效能感类别在NSSI行为得分上存在差异,提示消极情绪管理效能不足可能出现更严重的NSSI行为。男、女生的情绪调节自我效能感各潜在类别在NSSI行为检出率上差异有统计学意义,呈现较低消极管理组和低效能组的NSSI行为检出率较高,高效能组的NSSI行为检出率较低。二元Logistic回归分析经调整协变量后,情绪调节自我效能感较低的潜在类别发生NSSI行为的风险均高于各性别组内的高效能组。中学生正值心理发展重要时期[17],其认知、情绪调节、压力处理能力尚处于发展阶段,超出其承受范围的压力下,易产生负面情绪,更甚者出现NSSI等极端行为。Liu等[18]研究发现,对负面情绪管理困难的青少年,其NSSI行为的严重程度可能更易加重。Mettler等[19]研究提出,负面情绪持续性对NSSI行为个体有重要影响。本研究中,男生的中积极表达-低消极管理组和女生的低效能组与高积极表达-低消极管理组都具备较低的消极情绪管理水平,当面对负面情绪时,情绪调节能力越弱,越有可能发生NSSI行为。
另有研究发现,积极情绪与NSSI行为频率降低有关[20]。此外,女生的低效能组和高积极表达-低消极管理组在表达积极情绪自我效能上差异有统计学意义,提示积极情绪的表达在其中有一定的影响。在积极情绪传播中,个体接受到外界的积极情绪,拥有足够的积极情绪时,会更倾向于向外表达积极情绪[21]。说明个体在进行积极表达时自身有足够的积极情绪,以至于在消极情绪管理能力较差时,更不容易出现NSSI行为。提示学校和家庭需对管理消极情绪自我效能感较低的学生,尤其是女生群体,开展针对性指导,以降低NSSI行为的发生风险。
本研究存在的不足之处:横断面研究未能有效推断情绪调节自我效能感与NSSI行为的因果关系,后续可开展纵向研究,进一步验证情绪调节自我效能感与NSSI行为之间的关系;NSSI行为通过自我报告法收集,可能存在回忆偏倚,未来可采用生态瞬时评估法进行研究;样本仅为贵州省中学生,代表性较局限,未来可扩大取样范围进行研究。
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2026年第47卷第3期
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doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2026078
  • 接收时间:2025-09-01
  • 首发时间:2026-05-08
  • 出版时间:2026-03-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-09-01
  • 修回日期:2025-12-07
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    1贵州医科大学公共卫生与健康学院/环境污染与疾病监控教育部重点实验室, 贵阳 561113
    2贵州医科大学医学人文学院

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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