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Article(id=1325535933348724876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, issueId=1325535161890398372, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025376, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1753200000000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-23, revisedDate=1762358400000, revisedDateStr=2025-11-06, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793961993776, onlineDateStr=2026-11-06, pubDate=1766592000000, pubDateStr=2025-12-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793961993776, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793961993776, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793961993776, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1325535161890398372, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, year='2025', volume='46', issue='12', pageStart='1673', pageEnd='1824', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1766592000000', pubDateStr='2025-12-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793961809846, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793961809846, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1750, endPage=1753, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1325535939598237837, articleId=1325535933348724876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=EN, title=Prevalence of abnormal foot arch morphology and related factors among primary and secondary school students in Ganzhou City, columnId=1259565862181286284, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of School Health, columnName=Growth, Development and Surveillance, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the prevalence of abnormal foot arch morphology and its associated factors among primary and secondary school students in Ganzhou City, so as to provide evidence for the prevention of such abnormalities.

Methods

From November 2023 to May 2024, a questionnaire was conducted among 1 013 primary and secondary school students, who were selected from one primary school and one nine-year continuous school with stratified cluster random sampling method. Professional equipment, including 2D foot scanning and plantar pressure plates, was utilized to screen pupils for abnormal foot arch morphology (including flatfoot and high-arched foot). The Chi-square was employed for intergroup comparisons, whilst multifactorial Logistic regression analysis was utilized to investigate the associated factors for the occurrence of foot morphological abnormality of arch among students.

Results

The prevalence rate of flatfoot among primary and secondary school students at 61.1%, with bilateral cases accounting for 37.5% and unilateral cases for 23.6%; the prevalence of high-arched foot was 8.0%, comprising 3.9% in both feet and 4.0% in one foot. The prevalence rates of flatfoot among boys and girls were 68.7% and 53.6% respectively. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that boys had a 1.45 times higher risk of developing flatfoot compared to girls (OR=1.45, 95%CI=1.05-2.02), primary and secondary students aged 6-8 and 9-10 had 4.00, 3.81 times higher risk of flatfoot respectively compared to those aged 15-16 (OR=4.00, 3.81, 95%CI=2.18-7.36, 2.08-6.99) (all P < 0.05). Compared to girls, boys had a lower risk of developing high-arched foot (OR=0.52, 95%CI=0.28-0.95), primary and secondary students who frequently corrected their sitting and standing posture also had a lower risk of high-arched foot (OR=0.30, 95%CI=0.10-0.88) (both P < 0.05).

Conclusions

The prevalence of abnormal foot arch morphology among primary and secondary school students is relatively high, with exercise habits, and postural behaviour identified as associated factors. It is recommended to enhance early screening and behavioural interventions for key populations, thereby advancing the prevention and correction of foot morphological abnormality of arch.

, authors=Dacun WANG1, Jinling CHEN1, 2, Dongmiao HAN3, Zhanxiang LIN1, Xinxuan HAN1, Ying HUANG*, 1, authorsList=Dacun WANG, Jinling CHEN, Dongmiao HAN, Zhanxiang LIN, Xinxuan HAN, Ying HUANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Ying HUANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Chinese Journal of School Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1325535946820829326, articleId=1325535933348724876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=CN, title=赣州市中小学生足弓形态异常状况及相关因素, columnId=1259565866786632093, journalTitle=中国学校卫生, columnName=生长发育与健康监测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

了解赣州市中小学生足弓形态异常状况及其相关因素，为预防中小学生足弓形态异常提供依据。

方法

2023年11月—2024年5月，采用分层整群随机抽样方法抽取1所小学和1所九年一贯制学校1 013名中小学生进行问卷调查，并使用足底2D扫描、足底压力板等专业设备对学生进行足弓形态异常筛查(包括扁平足、高弓足)。采用χ2检验进行组间比较，采用多因素Logistic回归分析学生足弓形态异常发生的相关因素。

结果

赣州市中小学生扁平足检出率为61.1%，其中双足为37.5%、单侧为23.6%；高弓足检出率为8.0%，其中双足为3.9%、单侧为4.0%；男生和女生的扁平足检出率分别为68.7%和53.6%。多因素Logistic回归分析显示，男生患扁平足的风险是女生的1.45倍(OR=1.45，95%CI=1.05~2.02)，6~8，9~10岁中小学生患扁平足风险是15~16岁中小学生的4.00和3.81倍(OR值分别为4.00，3.81，95%CI分别为2.18~7.36，2.08~6.99)(P值均＜0.05)。相比女生，男生患高弓足的风险更低(OR=0.52，95%CI=0.28~0.95)；经常纠正坐姿和站姿的中小学生患高弓足的风险较低(OR=0.30，95%CI=0.10~0.88)(P值均＜0.05)。

结论

中小学生足弓形态异常检出率较高，运动习惯及姿势行为是中小学生足弓形态异常的相关因素；应加强对重点人群的早期筛查和行为干预，推进足弓形态异常的预防与矫治工作。

, authors=王大存1, 程金玲1, 2, 韩冬苗3, 林占祥1, 韩信炫1, 黄颖*, 1, authorsList=王大存, 程金玲, 韩冬苗, 林占祥, 韩信炫, 黄颖, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=黄颖, authorNote=

王大存(2001-)，女，云南昆明人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为足脊生物力学矫治、假肢矫形临床应用

, correspAuthorsNote=
黄颖，E-mail:
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王大存(2001-)，女，云南昆明人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为足脊生物力学矫治、假肢矫形临床应用

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王大存(2001-)，女，云南昆明人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为足脊生物力学矫治、假肢矫形临床应用

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Comparison of detection rates for foot morphological abnormality of arch among primary and secondary school students in different groups

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组别选项人数统计值双足扁平足双足高弓足单侧扁平足单侧高弓足
性别男507225(44.4)11(2.2)123(24.3)12(2.4)
女506155(30.6)29(5.7)116(22.9)29(5.7)
χ2值20.428.470.257.34
P值＜0.01＜0.010.62＜0.01
年龄/岁6~8373184(49.3)0102(27.3)0
9~10257113(44.0)3(1.2)71(27.6)4(1.6)
11~1212741(32.3)11(8.7)21(16.5)6(4.7)
13~1414824(16.2)18(12.2)23(15.5)17(11.5)
15~1610818(16.7)8(7.4)22(20.4)14(13.0)
χ2值76.9362.8414.6964.87
P值＜0.01＜0.01＜0.01＜0.01
BMI消瘦14758(39.5)3(2.0)36(24.5)0
正常731263(36.0)35(4.8)167(22.8)38(5.2)
超重和肥胖13559(43.7)2(1.5)36(26.7)3(2.2)
χ2值3.184.941.009.85
P值0.200.090.61＜0.01
地区城市714324(45.4)10(1.4)188(26.3)7(1.0)
乡镇29956(18.7)30(10.0)51(17.1)34(11.4)
χ2值63.8544.4110.0558.59
P值＜0.01＜0.01＜0.01＜0.01
学段小学769341(44.3)15(2.0)195(25.4)11(1.4)
中学24439(16.0)25(10.2)44(18.0)30(12.3)
χ2值64.5533.615.5156.30
P值＜0.01＜0.010.02＜0.01
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不同组别中小学生足弓形态异常检出率比较

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组别选项人数统计值双足扁平足双足高弓足单侧扁平足单侧高弓足
性别男507225(44.4)11(2.2)123(24.3)12(2.4)
女506155(30.6)29(5.7)116(22.9)29(5.7)
χ2值20.428.470.257.34
P值＜0.01＜0.010.62＜0.01
年龄/岁6~8373184(49.3)0102(27.3)0
9~10257113(44.0)3(1.2)71(27.6)4(1.6)
11~1212741(32.3)11(8.7)21(16.5)6(4.7)
13~1414824(16.2)18(12.2)23(15.5)17(11.5)
15~1610818(16.7)8(7.4)22(20.4)14(13.0)
χ2值76.9362.8414.6964.87
P值＜0.01＜0.01＜0.01＜0.01
BMI消瘦14758(39.5)3(2.0)36(24.5)0
正常731263(36.0)35(4.8)167(22.8)38(5.2)
超重和肥胖13559(43.7)2(1.5)36(26.7)3(2.2)
χ2值3.184.941.009.85
P值0.200.090.61＜0.01
地区城市714324(45.4)10(1.4)188(26.3)7(1.0)
乡镇29956(18.7)30(10.0)51(17.1)34(11.4)
χ2值63.8544.4110.0558.59
P值＜0.01＜0.01＜0.01＜0.01
学段小学769341(44.3)15(2.0)195(25.4)11(1.4)
中学24439(16.0)25(10.2)44(18.0)30(12.3)
χ2值64.5533.615.5156.30
P值＜0.01＜0.010.02＜0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1325535987916619968, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325535933348724876, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Single factor analysis of foot morphological abnormality of arch among primary and secondary school students

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运动相关因素选项人数统计值扁平足高弓足
运动偏好跑步231161(69.7)15(6.5)
球类12874(57.8)12(9.4)
骑自行车257168(65.4)15(5.8)
跳舞9151(56.0)3(3.3)
其他17595(54.3)19(10.9)
不喜欢运动5521(38.2)7(12.7)
χ2值26.209.29
P值＜0.010.10
运动频率每天都运动415256(61.7)28(6.7)
每周3~6次277161(58.1)30(10.8)
每周1~2次160107(66.9)7(4.4)
几乎不运动8546(54.1)6(7.1)
χ2值5.046.97
P值0.170.07
运动时更换专业运动鞋不会284164(57.7)24(8.5)
偶尔272154(56.6)25(9.2)
经常169106(62.7)14(8.3)
总是212146(68.9)8(3.8)
χ2值9.165.82
P值0.030.12
锻炼时所穿的鞋，使用超过1年是13789(65.0)7(5.1)
否484286(59.1)38(7.9)
没注意316195(61.7)26(8.2)
χ2值1.701.43
P值0.430.49
锻炼前后拉伸放松习惯不会275165(60.0)24(8.7)
偶尔305160(52.5)36(11.1)
经常211148(70.1)8(3.8)
总是14697(66.4)3(2.1)
χ2值18.6618.97
P值＜0.01＜0.01
步行或锻炼时足部或腰背部疼痛无584362(62.0)33(5.7)
偶尔270151(55.9)32(11.9)
经常5836(62.1)6(10.3)
总是2521(84.0)0
χ2值8.7213.98
P值0.03＜0.01
坐姿和站姿自我没注意161103(64.0)16(9.9)
纠正习惯有时393224(57.0)41(10.4)
经常227137(60.4)8(3.5)
时刻156106(67.9)6(3.8)
χ2值6.4314.29
P值0.09＜0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1325535988302495937, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325535933348724876, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

中小学生足弓形态异常单因素分析

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运动相关因素选项人数统计值扁平足高弓足
运动偏好跑步231161(69.7)15(6.5)
球类12874(57.8)12(9.4)
骑自行车257168(65.4)15(5.8)
跳舞9151(56.0)3(3.3)
其他17595(54.3)19(10.9)
不喜欢运动5521(38.2)7(12.7)
χ2值26.209.29
P值＜0.010.10
运动频率每天都运动415256(61.7)28(6.7)
每周3~6次277161(58.1)30(10.8)
每周1~2次160107(66.9)7(4.4)
几乎不运动8546(54.1)6(7.1)
χ2值5.046.97
P值0.170.07
运动时更换专业运动鞋不会284164(57.7)24(8.5)
偶尔272154(56.6)25(9.2)
经常169106(62.7)14(8.3)
总是212146(68.9)8(3.8)
χ2值9.165.82
P值0.030.12
锻炼时所穿的鞋，使用超过1年是13789(65.0)7(5.1)
否484286(59.1)38(7.9)
没注意316195(61.7)26(8.2)
χ2值1.701.43
P值0.430.49
锻炼前后拉伸放松习惯不会275165(60.0)24(8.7)
偶尔305160(52.5)36(11.1)
经常211148(70.1)8(3.8)
总是14697(66.4)3(2.1)
χ2值18.6618.97
P值＜0.01＜0.01
步行或锻炼时足部或腰背部疼痛无584362(62.0)33(5.7)
偶尔270151(55.9)32(11.9)
经常5836(62.1)6(10.3)
总是2521(84.0)0
χ2值8.7213.98
P值0.03＜0.01
坐姿和站姿自我没注意161103(64.0)16(9.9)
纠正习惯有时393224(57.0)41(10.4)
经常227137(60.4)8(3.5)
时刻156106(67.9)6(3.8)
χ2值6.4314.29
P值0.09＜0.01
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赣州市中小学生足弓形态异常状况及相关因素
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王大存 1 , 程金玲 1, 2 , 韩冬苗 3 , 林占祥 1 , 韩信炫 1 , 黄颖 *, 1
中国学校卫生 | 生长发育与健康监测 2025,46(12): 1750-1753
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中国学校卫生 |生长发育与健康监测 2025 , 46 (12) : 1750 -1753
赣州市中小学生足弓形态异常状况及相关因素
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王大存1, 程金玲1, 2, 韩冬苗3, 林占祥1, 韩信炫1, 黄颖*, 1
作者信息
  • 1赣南医科大学康复学院, 江西 赣州 341000
  • 2南昌健康职业技术学院康养系
  • 3赣南卫生健康职业学院中医与康复系
通讯作者:
黄颖，E-mail:
作者简介:

王大存(2001-)，女，云南昆明人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为足脊生物力学矫治、假肢矫形临床应用

Prevalence of abnormal foot arch morphology and related factors among primary and secondary school students in Ganzhou City
Dacun WANG1, Jinling CHEN1, 2, Dongmiao HAN3, Zhanxiang LIN1, Xinxuan HAN1, Ying HUANG*, 1
Affiliations
  • 1Rehabilitation College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi Province, China
出版时间: 2025-12-25 doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025376
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摘要
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目的

了解赣州市中小学生足弓形态异常状况及其相关因素，为预防中小学生足弓形态异常提供依据。

方法

2023年11月—2024年5月，采用分层整群随机抽样方法抽取1所小学和1所九年一贯制学校1 013名中小学生进行问卷调查，并使用足底2D扫描、足底压力板等专业设备对学生进行足弓形态异常筛查(包括扁平足、高弓足)。采用χ2检验进行组间比较，采用多因素Logistic回归分析学生足弓形态异常发生的相关因素。

结果

赣州市中小学生扁平足检出率为61.1%，其中双足为37.5%、单侧为23.6%；高弓足检出率为8.0%，其中双足为3.9%、单侧为4.0%；男生和女生的扁平足检出率分别为68.7%和53.6%。多因素Logistic回归分析显示，男生患扁平足的风险是女生的1.45倍(OR=1.45，95%CI=1.05~2.02)，6~8，9~10岁中小学生患扁平足风险是15~16岁中小学生的4.00和3.81倍(OR值分别为4.00，3.81，95%CI分别为2.18~7.36，2.08~6.99)(P值均＜0.05)。相比女生，男生患高弓足的风险更低(OR=0.52，95%CI=0.28~0.95)；经常纠正坐姿和站姿的中小学生患高弓足的风险较低(OR=0.30，95%CI=0.10~0.88)(P值均＜0.05)。

结论

中小学生足弓形态异常检出率较高，运动习惯及姿势行为是中小学生足弓形态异常的相关因素；应加强对重点人群的早期筛查和行为干预，推进足弓形态异常的预防与矫治工作。

足畸形  /  回归分析  /  患病率  /  学生
Objective

To investigate the prevalence of abnormal foot arch morphology and its associated factors among primary and secondary school students in Ganzhou City, so as to provide evidence for the prevention of such abnormalities.

Methods

From November 2023 to May 2024, a questionnaire was conducted among 1 013 primary and secondary school students, who were selected from one primary school and one nine-year continuous school with stratified cluster random sampling method. Professional equipment, including 2D foot scanning and plantar pressure plates, was utilized to screen pupils for abnormal foot arch morphology (including flatfoot and high-arched foot). The Chi-square was employed for intergroup comparisons, whilst multifactorial Logistic regression analysis was utilized to investigate the associated factors for the occurrence of foot morphological abnormality of arch among students.

Results

The prevalence rate of flatfoot among primary and secondary school students at 61.1%, with bilateral cases accounting for 37.5% and unilateral cases for 23.6%; the prevalence of high-arched foot was 8.0%, comprising 3.9% in both feet and 4.0% in one foot. The prevalence rates of flatfoot among boys and girls were 68.7% and 53.6% respectively. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that boys had a 1.45 times higher risk of developing flatfoot compared to girls (OR=1.45, 95%CI=1.05-2.02), primary and secondary students aged 6-8 and 9-10 had 4.00, 3.81 times higher risk of flatfoot respectively compared to those aged 15-16 (OR=4.00, 3.81, 95%CI=2.18-7.36, 2.08-6.99) (all P < 0.05). Compared to girls, boys had a lower risk of developing high-arched foot (OR=0.52, 95%CI=0.28-0.95), primary and secondary students who frequently corrected their sitting and standing posture also had a lower risk of high-arched foot (OR=0.30, 95%CI=0.10-0.88) (both P < 0.05).

Conclusions

The prevalence of abnormal foot arch morphology among primary and secondary school students is relatively high, with exercise habits, and postural behaviour identified as associated factors. It is recommended to enhance early screening and behavioural interventions for key populations, thereby advancing the prevention and correction of foot morphological abnormality of arch.

Foot deformities  /  Regression analysis  /  Prevalence  /  Students
王大存, 程金玲, 韩冬苗, 林占祥, 韩信炫, 黄颖. 赣州市中小学生足弓形态异常状况及相关因素. 中国学校卫生, 2025 , 46 (12) : 1750 -1753 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025376
Dacun WANG, Jinling CHEN, Dongmiao HAN, Zhanxiang LIN, Xinxuan HAN, Ying HUANG. Prevalence of abnormal foot arch morphology and related factors among primary and secondary school students in Ganzhou City[J]. Chinese Journal of School Health, 2025 , 46 (12) : 1750 -1753 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025376
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在居民健康意识显著提升的背景下，足部健康作为影响儿童青少年生长发育的重要领域，已成为公共卫生研究的热点议题[1-2]。中小学生正处于人体发育的高峰期，但由于学习压力以及缺乏运动等原因，常会形成一些不良体态，如脊柱侧弯、X/O型腿、扁平足、驼背等，轻者可能引发疼痛，严重者可影响生活质量[3]。研究显示，在因下肢疾病就诊的儿童中，扁平足整体发生率约为41.6%[4]，部分地区检出率甚至超过50%[2]。若长期未进行干预，扁平足除引发足底疼痛和步态异常外，还可能导致下肢力线失衡、影响关节发育，部分严重者可伴随运动能力下降，增加成年后患慢性足病的风险[1]。目前，我国中小学常规体检中尚未广泛纳入足部检查项目，家长普遍缺乏对足部异常早期识别的相关知识，不少轻度足部异常的儿童因缺乏及时干预而发展为中重度问题，凸显筛查与干预的迫切性[5]。本研究旨在通过对赣州市部分中小学在校生开展流行病学调查，为系统掌握地区中小学生足弓形态异常现状、科学制定早期干预策略提供参考。
1　对象与方法
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1.1　对象
根据文献[6-7]及预调查结果，并考虑约25%的无应答率，计算得出所需筛查人数为492名。2023年11月—2024年5月，采取分层整群随机抽样方法，按城市与乡镇分层后，采用随机数字表法，分别从赣州市城市和乡镇抽取1所小学和1所九年一贯制学校，共2所学校，以1 065名6~16岁在校生为目标群体。排除未同意及足弓形态检测数据不全者后，获有效样本1 013份；其中男生507名，女生506名；一至九年级分别为257，202，117，87，85，21，86，85，73名。问卷调查获得的有效问卷937份。该研究方案已获得赣南医科大学第一附属医院伦理委员会批准(批件号：LLSC-2024第112)，并获得学校、家长和学生的知情同意。
1.2　方法
参与测量的工作人员均为赣南医科大学康复学院专业人员，专业人员由康复学院的教师与研究生团队主导，成员结构涵盖专业教师、康复医学技术专业硕士研究生，以及参与科研训练的康复治疗、假肢矫形专业本科生。其中，教师具备儿童运动功能评估、足部生物力学检测的教学与临床实践能力，为研究的专业性与规范性提供支撑。现场由学校老师带领学生到指定地点进行有序筛查，记录姓名、年龄、班级、性别、鞋码等信息。测量身高、体重，并计算体质量指数(body mass index，BMI)=体重(kg)/[身高(m)]2。参照《学龄儿童青少年营养不良筛查》(WS/T 456—2014)标准[8]判定消瘦，参照《学龄儿童青少年超重与肥胖筛查》(WS/T 586—2018)标准[9]判定超重和肥胖。
1.2.1　扁平足/高弓足检查
受检者赤脚(脱去鞋袜，暴露小腿)直立于2D扫描仪上，平视前方。筛查人员同步拍摄其下肢后侧照片，然后采用三线法进行扁平足筛查[10]。采用足底压力分析仪(苏州优桉康医疗技术有限公司，型号UAK-6)获取足弓形态、压力分布等数据，辅助诊断足部疾病。检测时，受检者裸露双脚及小腿，直立注视前方，首先在仪器上采集静态数据，随后在一条1.5 m长的测试垫上行走采集动态数据。分析结果主要依据足弓指数(arch index, AI)进行评估，即足中部(不含脚趾)与测试垫的接触面积占整个足底接触面积的比值。AI＜0.21为高弓足，0.21~0.28为正常足，＞0.28为扁平足[11]。
1.2.2　问卷调查
采用自编问卷调查个体特征与行为习惯，涵盖人口统计学信息、日常作息及运动情况，以班级为单位开展调研。问卷内容根据可能影响足部健康发生的潜在因素以及相关文献[1, 7, 10]进行设计，由赣南医科大学康复学院专业人员筛查，经检验证实该问卷具备较好的信度(Cronbach α系数为0.724)及效度(KMO=0.833)。
1.3　质量控制
所有调查人员均经统一培训与考核；测量设备每日使用前进行校准，并遵循标准化操作流程；采用纸质问卷进行调查，通过学校教师协助发放与回收。回收问卷及相关数据由专人统一录入并二次审核；随后进行逻辑一致性核查与异常值复核。最终所有数据由经专业培训的人员统一管理与分析。
1.4　统计学分析
采用SPSS 26.0软件进行统计分析。采用Shapiro-Wilk法对计量资料进行正态性检验，符合正态分布用(x±s)表示；计数资料以频数和百分比表示，组间比较采用χ2检验。相关因素分析采用多因素Logistic回归。检验水准α=0.05。
2　结果
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2.1　不同人口学特征中小学生情况
中小学生扁平足总体检出率为61.1%(619名)，其中双足为37.5%(380名)、单侧为23.6%(239名)；高弓足总体检出率为8.0%(81名)，其中双足3.9%(40名)、单侧4.0%(41名)。男生和女生扁平足检出率分别为68.7%和53.6%。男生双足扁平足检出率高于女生，女生双足和单侧高弓足检出率更高；双足扁平足检出率于6~8岁组达峰值(49.3%)，单侧扁平足则在6~8(27.3%)与9~10岁组(27.6%)保持较高水平；高弓足检出率自8岁后逐渐上升，13，14岁时达12.2%和11.5%；城市学生双足和单侧扁平足检出率均高于乡镇学生，乡镇学生高弓足检出率更高(P值均＜0.05)。见表1。
2.2　中小学生足弓形态异常的单因素分析
锻炼前后拉伸放松习惯、步行或锻炼时足部或腰背部疼痛与中小学生扁平足、高弓足的检出率均存在关联；运动偏好、运动时更换专业运动鞋仅与中小学生扁平足存在关联，坐姿和站姿自我纠正习惯仅与中小学生高弓足存在关联(P值均＜0.05)。见表2。
2.3　中小学生足弓形态异常相关因素的多因素Logistic回归分析
以中小学生有无扁平足(无=0，有=1)和有无高弓足(无=0，有=1)为因变量，将单因素分析中有统计学意义的变量[性别(以女生为参照)、年龄(以15~16岁组为参照)、运动偏好(以不喜欢运动为参照)、运动时更换专业运动鞋(以不会为参照)、锻炼前后拉伸放松习惯(以不会为参照)、步行或锻炼时足部或腰背部疼痛(以无为参照)、坐姿和站姿自我纠正习惯(以没注意为参照)]为自变量纳入多因素Logistic回归分析。结果显示，性别[男生：OR值(95%CI)=1.45(1.05~2.02)]、年龄[6~8岁：OR值(95%CI)=4.00(2.18~7.36)，9~10岁：OR值(95%CI)=3.81(2.08~6.99)]均是中小学生扁平足的相关因素(P值均＜0.05)。性别[男生：OR值(95%CI)=0.52(0.28~0.95)]、坐姿和站姿自我纠正习惯[经常：OR值(95%CI)=0.30(0.10~0.88)]是中小学生高弓足的相关因素(P值均＜0.05)。
3　讨论
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本研究筛查的6~16岁中小学生扁平足总检出率为61.1%，高于高艳玲等[7](34.17%)、汤殷志等[12](42.76%)以及张英杰等[10](29.10%)研究结果，可能与本研究筛查人群年龄段比例差异有关，6~8岁组学生占比较高，而随着足部的逐步发育其扁平足检出率下降。本研究采用足印法结合足底压力扫描综合判定足弓形态异常，相较于单一的测量方法或问卷调研，能更敏感地识别出足弓塌陷个案。此外，6~16岁的研究对象年龄跨度大，且正处于足弓发育及形态定型的关键时期，其面临的学业负担、运动负荷及现代生活方式可能增加足弓形态异常风险。其中单侧扁平足检出率较高(23.6%)，可能与不良姿势、运动不对称或双下肢生物力学[13]差异有关。尽管本研究结果可能因筛查方法而非诊断金标准存在一定高估，但仍提示扁平足在中小学生中是一个值得关注的普遍健康问题，凸显了早期筛查和公共卫生干预的必要性。
本研究二元Logistic回归分析结果显示，性别和年龄是扁平足发生的独立相关因素。扁平足检出率男生高于女生，与其他报道一致[14-15]。可能与女生生长发育进程普遍早于男生有关，如女生姿势控制与平衡能力成熟更快，足弓从低平向正常形态的生理发育启动也更早；而男生内侧纵弓发育速度相对迟缓，且足底脂肪垫较厚[16]。不同年龄组中小学生扁平足检出率存在差异。本研究结果表明，扁平足的检出率随着年龄的增长而下降，且双足扁平足检出率在6~8岁时达峰值(49.3%)，与戴小宇等[14]研究结论一致。儿童足弓多在6岁前初步形成，约80%在10岁前逐渐发育成熟[17]，低年龄段儿童足部骨骼发育尚未成熟、足底肌肉力量薄弱，对负重的耐受能力有限，是足弓结构异常的高发窗口期[18]。随着年龄增长，足部肌肉力量逐步增强、足弓结构趋于稳定，扁平足患病风险随之下降[10]，提示早期干预应聚焦低龄儿童群体。
性别与经常自我纠正坐姿和站姿是高弓足发生的独立相关因素。与扁平足的性别分布特征相反，女生相比男生高弓足的患病风险更高，这一性别差异的形成可能与鞋具选择偏好密切相关。此外，经常注意纠正坐姿与站姿表现出更低的高弓足患病风险。其保护机制可能与生物力学平衡相关，正确的姿势能确保足底三点(足跟、第一跖骨、第五跖骨)受力均匀，避免因重心偏移导致的足弓肌肉紧张与结构变形[19]；同时通过主动姿势调整，可强化足底肌肉与核心肌群的协同作用，提升足弓动态稳定性[1]。
本研究也存在一定局限性：虽然调查结果对中小学生足弓形态异常有一定参考价值，但因样本量有限，难以全面反映赣州市整体情况；部分学生填写问卷时可能未反映其真实情况，影响结果的准确性和完整性；因数据匹配限制，未将BMI、地区、学段等变量纳入多因素回归，可能存在混杂因素；运动类型仅依据“运动偏好”进行分类，虽避免重复，却未能反映混合运动带来的综合影响。未来研究应优化数据采集方法，扩大样本量，实现问卷与体格测量数据的精准匹配，并纳入遗传、鞋具使用等潜在影响因素；同时持续追踪流行趋势，因地制宜地制定干预措施，为中小学生足弓形态异常的科学管理提供更可靠的依据。
赣州市中小学生足弓形态异常状况不容忽视，应做到早预防、早干预。通过宣传教育、运动干预、医学介入等多维度综合施策，降低足弓形态患病率，守护中小学足部健康。
基金
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  • 赣南医科大学研究生创新专项资金项目(YC2023-X005)
文献
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2025年第46卷第12期
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doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025376
  • 接收时间：2025-07-23
  • 首发时间：2026-11-06
  • 出版时间：2025-12-25
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  • 收稿日期：2025-07-23
  • 修回日期：2025-11-06
基金
赣南医科大学研究生创新专项资金项目(YC2023-X005)
作者信息
    1赣南医科大学康复学院, 江西 赣州 341000
    2南昌健康职业技术学院康养系
    3赣南卫生健康职业学院中医与康复系

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黄颖，E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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