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Article(id=1325535810795365230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, issueId=1325535161890398372, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025369, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1750003200000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-16, revisedDate=1757606400000, revisedDateStr=2025-09-12, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793961964557, onlineDateStr=2026-11-06, pubDate=1766592000000, pubDateStr=2025-12-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793961964557, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793961964557, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793961964557, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1325535161890398372, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, year='2025', volume='46', issue='12', pageStart='1673', pageEnd='1824', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1766592000000', pubDateStr='2025-12-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793961809846, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793961809846, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1746, endPage=1749, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1325535815379739503, articleId=1325535810795365230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=EN, title=Association of physical activity with anxiety symptoms and academic performance among junior high school students in Anqing City, columnId=1259565855189418448, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of School Health, columnName=Mental Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the association between physical activity, anxiety symptoms and academic performance among junior high school students, so as to provide data support for optimizing school physical education and health work and formulating physical activity guidelines.

Methods

From September to December 2022, a convenience cluster sampling method was used to survey 2 800 junior high school students in a middle school from Anqing City, Anhui Province. Data were collected on the students' anxiety symptoms, academic performance, 24-hour physical activity [moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity(MVPA), light-intensity physical activity(LPA), sedentary behavior(SB), and sleep(SLP) duration] as well as demographic characteristics. Compositional data analysis was used to explore the associations between 24-hour physical activity, anxiety symptoms and academic performance among junior high school students, and to predict the optimal time-use combination pattern.

Results

Among the junior high school students, 16.0% (447 students) reported anxiety symptoms, and 42.0% (1 175 students) achieved excellent or good academic performance. Compositional data analysis showed that increased SLP duration was associated with both reduced anxiety symptoms (β=-0.18) and decreased academic performance (β=-0.03) among junior high school students; increased MVPA duration was correlated with fewer anxiety symptoms (β=-0.02) and lower academic performance (β=-0.13); in contrast, increased SB duration was linked to more anxiety symptoms (β=0.09) and higher academic performance (β=0.09) (all P < 0.01). LPA duration exhibited a non-linear relationship with anxiety symptoms and academic performance in junior high school students (all P>0.05). The time use combination pattern corresponding to the lowest anxiety symptoms and highest academic performance (top 5%) in adolescents was 611 (520-640) minutes of SLP, 258 (230-320) minutes of SB, 454 (280-610) minutes of LPA, and 117 (20-200) minutes of MVPA per day.

Conclusions

The 24-hour physical activity of junior high school students is associated with anxiety symptoms and academic performance. Therefore, it is recommended to increase the time spent on SB, MVPA, and LPA for junior high school students, while reducing SB.

, authors=Jiao ZHANG1, Yuanhang LIU1, Liangtong CHEN1, Jing ZHANG1, Rongrong YE1, Jiaxin SHEN1, Jiade CHEN1, Hongjuan LI2, Yanhui GAO*, 1, authorsList=Jiao ZHANG, Yuanhang LIU, Liangtong CHEN, Jing ZHANG, Rongrong YE, Jiaxin SHEN, Jiade CHEN, Hongjuan LI, Yanhui GAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yanhui GAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Chinese Journal of School Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1325535838486160244, articleId=1325535810795365230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=CN, title=安庆市初中生身体活动与焦虑症状和学业水平的关联, columnId=1259565858817491410, journalTitle=中国学校卫生, columnName=心理卫生, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探究初中生身体活动与焦虑症状和学业水平的关联，为优化学校体育卫生工作、制定身体活动指南提供数据支持。

方法

2022年9—12月，采用方便整群抽样方法抽取安徽省安庆市某中学2 800名初中生进行问卷调查，收集初中生焦虑症状、学业水平、24 h身体活动[中高强度身体活动(MVPA)、低强度身体活动(LPA)、久坐行为(SB)和睡眠(SLP)时间]及人口学特征。运用成分数据分析方法研究初中生24 h身体活动和焦虑症状及学业水平的关联，并预测最佳时间使用组合模式。

结果

调查的初中生中，有焦虑症状的占16.0%(447名)，学业水平达到优良的占42.0%(1 175名)。成分数据分析结果显示，SLP时间增加与初中生焦虑症状的减少(β=-0.18)和学业水平的降低(β=-0.03)均有关，MVPA时间增加与焦虑症状的减少(β=-0.02)和学业水平的降低(β=-0.13)均有关，SB时间增加与初中生焦虑症状的增加(β=0.09)和学业水平的增加(β=0.09)均有关(P值均＜0.01)；LPA时间与初中生焦虑症状和学业水平呈非线性关系(P值均>0.05)。青少年最低焦虑症状与最高学业水平(前5%)对应的时间组合为每日611(520~640)min SLP，258(230~320)min SB，454(280~610)min LPA和117(20~200)min MVPA。

结论

初中生24 h身体活动与焦虑症状和学业水平相关，应增加初中生SLP、MVPA和LPA时间，减少SB时间。

, authors=张娇1, 刘远航1, 陈亮通1, 张婧1, 叶荣荣1, 沈佳欣1, 陈嘉德1, 李红娟2, 郜艳晖*, 1, authorsList=张娇, 刘远航, 陈亮通, 张婧, 叶荣荣, 沈佳欣, 陈嘉德, 李红娟, 郜艳晖, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=郜艳晖, authorNote=

张娇(2003-)，女，河南省人，在读本科，主要研究方向为青少年心理健康与身体活动

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郜艳晖，E-mail:
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Comparison of detection rates anxiety symptoms and excellent academic levels among different groups of junior high school students

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组别选项人数焦虑症状学业水平优良
检出人数χ2值检出人数χ2值
年级七941137(14.6)2.14380(40.4)5.90
八934154(16.5)377(40.4)
九925156(16.9)418(45.2)
性别男1 553221(14.2)7.81**657(42.3)0.17
女1 247226(18.1)518(41.5)
独生子女是65897(14.7)0.96301(45.7)5.05*
否2 142350(16.3)874(40.8)
手机依赖有519127(24.5)34.36**162(31.2)30.23**
无2 281320(14.0)1013(44.4)
父亲受教育程度初中及以下1 405258(18.4)12.44**486(34.6)110.98**
高中/中专815107(13.1)348(42.7)
大专30244(14.6)157(52.0)
本科及以上27838(13.7)184(66.2)
母亲受教育程度初中及以下1 764290(16.4)1.60637(36.1)106.86**
高中/中专60293(15.4)268(44.5)
大专25234(13.5)143(56.7)
本科及以上18230(16.5)127(69.8)
家庭功能无障碍91079(8.7)135.76**482(53.0)83.45**
中度障碍1 091141(12.9)443(40.6)
重度障碍799227(28.4)250(31.3)
每月零花钱/元＜1002 215363(16.4)5.81933(42.1)4.33
100~＜30046159(12.8)181(39.3)
300~＜5007614(18.4)36(47.4)
≥5004811(22.9)25(52.1)
规律运动有2 244339(15.1)6.19*977(43.5)11.50**
无556108(19.4)198(35.6)
), ArticleFig(id=1325535892118725564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325535810795365230, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同组别初中生焦虑症状和学业水平优良检出率比较

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组别选项人数焦虑症状学业水平优良
检出人数χ2值检出人数χ2值
年级七941137(14.6)2.14380(40.4)5.90
八934154(16.5)377(40.4)
九925156(16.9)418(45.2)
性别男1 553221(14.2)7.81**657(42.3)0.17
女1 247226(18.1)518(41.5)
独生子女是65897(14.7)0.96301(45.7)5.05*
否2 142350(16.3)874(40.8)
手机依赖有519127(24.5)34.36**162(31.2)30.23**
无2 281320(14.0)1013(44.4)
父亲受教育程度初中及以下1 405258(18.4)12.44**486(34.6)110.98**
高中/中专815107(13.1)348(42.7)
大专30244(14.6)157(52.0)
本科及以上27838(13.7)184(66.2)
母亲受教育程度初中及以下1 764290(16.4)1.60637(36.1)106.86**
高中/中专60293(15.4)268(44.5)
大专25234(13.5)143(56.7)
本科及以上18230(16.5)127(69.8)
家庭功能无障碍91079(8.7)135.76**482(53.0)83.45**
中度障碍1 091141(12.9)443(40.6)
重度障碍799227(28.4)250(31.3)
每月零花钱/元＜1002 215363(16.4)5.81933(42.1)4.33
100~＜30046159(12.8)181(39.3)
300~＜5007614(18.4)36(47.4)
≥5004811(22.9)25(52.1)
规律运动有2 244339(15.1)6.19*977(43.5)11.50**
无556108(19.4)198(35.6)
), ArticleFig(id=1325535893817418685, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325535810795365230, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Geometric means of time allocation for 24-hour physical activity and stratification by anxiety symptoms and academic performance among junior high school students/min

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组别选项人数SLPMVPALPASB
焦虑症状是447521.39(36.21)49.85(3.46)399.25(27.73)469.51(32.61)
否2 353536.55(37.26)50.34(3.50)404.36(28.08)448.75(31.16)
学业水平优良1 175531.07(36.88)48.33(3.36)399.23(27.72)461.37(32.04)
非优良1 625540.16(37.51)51.51(3.58)399.78(27.76)448.55(31.15)
总体2 800536.35(37.25)50.15(3.48)399.58(27.75)453.91(31.52)
), ArticleFig(id=1325535894652085182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325535810795365230, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同焦虑症状与学业水平初中生24 h身体活动时间几何均数/min

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别选项人数SLPMVPALPASB
焦虑症状是447521.39(36.21)49.85(3.46)399.25(27.73)469.51(32.61)
否2 353536.55(37.26)50.34(3.50)404.36(28.08)448.75(31.16)
学业水平优良1 175531.07(36.88)48.33(3.36)399.23(27.72)461.37(32.04)
非优良1 625540.16(37.51)51.51(3.58)399.78(27.76)448.55(31.15)
总体2 800536.35(37.25)50.15(3.48)399.58(27.75)453.91(31.52)
), ArticleFig(id=1325535896325612479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325535810795365230, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Combination of 24-hour optimal physical activity time with the lowest anxiety symptoms and highest academic perform-ance among junior high school students/(min, n=2 800)

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24 h身体活动组合最低焦虑症状a最高学业水平b重叠区域
SLP613(470~640)598(460~640)611(520~640)
SB267(230~370)267(230~380)258(230~320)
LPA491(280~730)444(220~610)454(280~610)
MVPA69(10~200)131(20~200)117(20~200)
), ArticleFig(id=1325535898049471425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325535810795365230, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

初中生最低焦虑症状与最高学业水平的24 h身体活动最佳时间使用组合/(min，n=2 800)

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24 h身体活动组合最低焦虑症状a最高学业水平b重叠区域
SLP613(470~640)598(460~640)611(520~640)
SB267(230~370)267(230~380)258(230~320)
LPA491(280~730)444(220~610)454(280~610)
MVPA69(10~200)131(20~200)117(20~200)
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安庆市初中生身体活动与焦虑症状和学业水平的关联
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张娇 1 , 刘远航 1 , 陈亮通 1 , 张婧 1 , 叶荣荣 1 , 沈佳欣 1 , 陈嘉德 1 , 李红娟 2 , 郜艳晖 *, 1
中国学校卫生 | 心理卫生 2025,46(12): 1746-1749
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中国学校卫生 |心理卫生 2025 , 46 (12) : 1746 -1749
安庆市初中生身体活动与焦虑症状和学业水平的关联
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张娇(2003-)，女，河南省人，在读本科，主要研究方向为青少年心理健康与身体活动

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张娇1, 刘远航1, 陈亮通1, 张婧1, 叶荣荣1, 沈佳欣1, 陈嘉德1, 李红娟2, 郜艳晖*, 1
作者信息
  • 1暨南大学基础医学与公共卫生学院, 广东 广州 510632
  • 2北京体育大学运动人体科学学院/运动与体质健康教育部重点实验室
通讯作者:
郜艳晖，E-mail:
作者简介:

张娇(2003-)，女，河南省人，在读本科，主要研究方向为青少年心理健康与身体活动

Association of physical activity with anxiety symptoms and academic performance among junior high school students in Anqing City
Jiao ZHANG1, Yuanhang LIU1, Liangtong CHEN1, Jing ZHANG1, Rongrong YE1, Jiaxin SHEN1, Jiade CHEN1, Hongjuan LI2, Yanhui GAO*, 1
Affiliations
  • 1School of Basic Medicine and Public Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong Province, China
出版时间: 2025-12-25 doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025369
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摘要
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目的

探究初中生身体活动与焦虑症状和学业水平的关联，为优化学校体育卫生工作、制定身体活动指南提供数据支持。

方法

2022年9—12月，采用方便整群抽样方法抽取安徽省安庆市某中学2 800名初中生进行问卷调查，收集初中生焦虑症状、学业水平、24 h身体活动[中高强度身体活动(MVPA)、低强度身体活动(LPA)、久坐行为(SB)和睡眠(SLP)时间]及人口学特征。运用成分数据分析方法研究初中生24 h身体活动和焦虑症状及学业水平的关联，并预测最佳时间使用组合模式。

结果

调查的初中生中，有焦虑症状的占16.0%(447名)，学业水平达到优良的占42.0%(1 175名)。成分数据分析结果显示，SLP时间增加与初中生焦虑症状的减少(β=-0.18)和学业水平的降低(β=-0.03)均有关，MVPA时间增加与焦虑症状的减少(β=-0.02)和学业水平的降低(β=-0.13)均有关，SB时间增加与初中生焦虑症状的增加(β=0.09)和学业水平的增加(β=0.09)均有关(P值均＜0.01)；LPA时间与初中生焦虑症状和学业水平呈非线性关系(P值均>0.05)。青少年最低焦虑症状与最高学业水平(前5%)对应的时间组合为每日611(520~640)min SLP，258(230~320)min SB，454(280~610)min LPA和117(20~200)min MVPA。

结论

初中生24 h身体活动与焦虑症状和学业水平相关，应增加初中生SLP、MVPA和LPA时间，减少SB时间。

运动活动  /  焦虑  /  精神卫生  /  成分数据分析  /  学生
Objective

To explore the association between physical activity, anxiety symptoms and academic performance among junior high school students, so as to provide data support for optimizing school physical education and health work and formulating physical activity guidelines.

Methods

From September to December 2022, a convenience cluster sampling method was used to survey 2 800 junior high school students in a middle school from Anqing City, Anhui Province. Data were collected on the students' anxiety symptoms, academic performance, 24-hour physical activity [moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity(MVPA), light-intensity physical activity(LPA), sedentary behavior(SB), and sleep(SLP) duration] as well as demographic characteristics. Compositional data analysis was used to explore the associations between 24-hour physical activity, anxiety symptoms and academic performance among junior high school students, and to predict the optimal time-use combination pattern.

Results

Among the junior high school students, 16.0% (447 students) reported anxiety symptoms, and 42.0% (1 175 students) achieved excellent or good academic performance. Compositional data analysis showed that increased SLP duration was associated with both reduced anxiety symptoms (β=-0.18) and decreased academic performance (β=-0.03) among junior high school students; increased MVPA duration was correlated with fewer anxiety symptoms (β=-0.02) and lower academic performance (β=-0.13); in contrast, increased SB duration was linked to more anxiety symptoms (β=0.09) and higher academic performance (β=0.09) (all P < 0.01). LPA duration exhibited a non-linear relationship with anxiety symptoms and academic performance in junior high school students (all P>0.05). The time use combination pattern corresponding to the lowest anxiety symptoms and highest academic performance (top 5%) in adolescents was 611 (520-640) minutes of SLP, 258 (230-320) minutes of SB, 454 (280-610) minutes of LPA, and 117 (20-200) minutes of MVPA per day.

Conclusions

The 24-hour physical activity of junior high school students is associated with anxiety symptoms and academic performance. Therefore, it is recommended to increase the time spent on SB, MVPA, and LPA for junior high school students, while reducing SB.

Motor activity  /  Anxiety  /  Mental health  /  Compositional data analysis  /  Students
张娇, 刘远航, 陈亮通, 张婧, 叶荣荣, 沈佳欣, 陈嘉德, 李红娟, 郜艳晖. 安庆市初中生身体活动与焦虑症状和学业水平的关联. 中国学校卫生, 2025 , 46 (12) : 1746 -1749 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025369
Jiao ZHANG, Yuanhang LIU, Liangtong CHEN, Jing ZHANG, Rongrong YE, Jiaxin SHEN, Jiade CHEN, Hongjuan LI, Yanhui GAO. Association of physical activity with anxiety symptoms and academic performance among junior high school students in Anqing City[J]. Chinese Journal of School Health, 2025 , 46 (12) : 1746 -1749 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025369
正文
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近年来，焦虑症状对青少年身心健康的危害渐受关注[1]，研究表明，身体活动在抗焦虑症状中作用显著[2]。世界卫生组织2020年发布相关指南[3]建议，5~17岁儿童青少年每日应进行60 min中高强度身体活动(moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity, MVPA)，并减少久坐行为(sedentary behavior，SB)。国家“双减政策”的出台旨在降低学生学习压力，为其增加体育锻炼时间并保障睡眠(sleep，SLP)[4]。从时间使用流行病学角度来看，MVPA、SB和SLP及低强度身体活动(light-intensity physical activity，LPA)构成24 h身体活动。因各项活动时间增减存在定和限制，统计分析应将其视作一个整体，采用成分数据分析方法[5]。本研究基于成分回归模型，探究安徽省安庆市初中生24 h身体活动与焦虑症状和学业水平的关联，通过预测最低焦虑症状和最高学业水平，确定24 h身体活动的最优时间分配模式，为初中生相关问题改善提供参考。
1　对象与方法
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1.1　对象
样本量采用Logistic回归模型，利用PASS V15.0软件估计。在α=0.05，1-β=0.9，MVPA充足和不充足时焦虑症状检出率分别为0.21和0.29时[6]，估计样本量为1 386；考虑到20%的问卷不完整或不合格，样本量扩充到1 733名。2022年9—12月，采用方便整群抽样方法抽取安徽省安庆市某中学全体初中生进行问卷调查，共2 941名。纳入标准为生长发育正常、身体健康状况良好，无各种急慢性病者；排除因各种情况而不能正常进行身体活动的学生。剔除数据缺失样本后，最终纳入2 800人；年龄11~17岁；女生1 247名，男生1 553名；七年级学生941名，八年级934名，九年级925名。所有调查均获得学生和家长知情同意，研究通过暨南大学附属医学伦理委员会批准(批号：JNUKY-2023-0046)。
1.2　工具
1.2.1　24 h身体活动问卷
通过匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index，PSQI)量表[7]调查初中生SLP情况，并计算SLP时间。平均每天SLP时长(min)=(学习日SLP时长×5+周末SLP时长×2)/7。PSQI量表Cronbach α系数为0.83[7]。采用国际身体活动问卷(短版)(International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short，IPAQ-S)[8]询问初中生近一周上学日和周末24 h活动中MVPA频率及SB时间，并计算LPA时长。LPA时长=1 440(min)-(MVPA时长+SB时长+SLP时长)。平均每天SB/MVPA/LAP时长(min)=(学习日SB/MVPA/LAP时长×5+周末SB/MVPA/LAP时长×2)/7；IPAQ-S的重测信度为0.80[8]。
1.2.2　广泛焦虑量表(Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7，GAD-7)[9]
使用该量表评估初中生焦虑症状，共7个条目，每个条目以0(完全不会)~3(几乎每天)计分，总分0~21分，得分越高表示焦虑症状越严重。本研究定义总分≤9分为无焦虑症状，>9分为存在焦虑症状。该量表在本研究中的Cronbach α系数为0.88。
1.2.3　学业水平
通过向校方收集学生近期考试的成绩单，评估学生近期学业成绩。结合研究目的汇总研究时期内的成绩，取平均分数，排除因单次缺考导致的数据缺失。中学生学业水平按考试总人数和成绩将学业水平从高到低划分为A(＜20%)、B(20%~＜40%)、C(40%~＜75%)、D(75%~＜90%)、E(90%~100%)等级。本研究中将A、B等级划分为学业水平优良，C、D、E等级划分为学业水平非优良。
1.2.4　协变量
采用问卷形式调查初中生年龄、性别、是否独生子女、每月零花钱、父母受教育程度、家庭功能、手机依赖程度、有无规律运动等，作为研究中的协变量。(1)通过家庭关怀量表[10]调查中学生家庭功能，共5个条目，每个条目以0(几乎从不)至2(几乎总是)计分，总分0~10分，分数越高表示家庭功能越好；其中7~10分为家庭功能无障碍，4~6分为中度障碍，0~3分为重度障碍[10]。本研究中该量表的Cronbach α系数为0.85。(2)通过手机成瘾量表简短版(Smartphone Addiction Scale Short Version，SAS-SV)调查中学生对手机的依赖性；共10个条目，每个条目从“非常不满”到“非常满足”分别计1~6分，总分为10~60分，得分越高表明对手机的成瘾倾向越高，其中女生≥33分、男生≥31分时为手机成瘾[11]。本研究中该量表的Cronbach α系数为0.87。
1.3　质量控制
结合研究目的并咨询专家意见编制调查问卷，经指导老师、专家审阅以及预调查后对调查问卷进一步修改完善。问卷调查以班级为单位统一组织，调查员和质控员统一培训，回收问卷后逐一查看问卷完成度及质量，有缺失的问卷返还调查对象重新填写，问卷数据采用EpiData 3.1软件双人双录入后进行比对；采用SAS 9.4软件进行数据清洗。
1.4　统计学分析
使用SAS 9.4和R 4.2.3软件进行统计分析。分类变量采用频数及百分比描述，组间比较采用χ2检验；连续变量符合正态分布的采用(x±s)描述。采用几何均数描述24 h身体活动各部分时间的集中趋势；用变异矩阵描述离散趋势和身体活动间的相关关系，变异矩阵元素越接近0，表示相应的两个成分对数比方差越小，成分间比例共同依赖性越强[12]。检验水准α=0.05。
将24 h身体活动进行等距对数比变换[13]，使用成分Logistic回归模型分别分析变换后的初中生时间使用成分与焦虑症状和学业水平之间的关联。用模型诊断图考察4个成分与结局的非线性关系，若显示为非线性关系，则检验等距对数比变换的二次项，根据嵌套模型的偏F检验，如果二次项纳入模型可改善拟合(P＜0.05)，则保留二次项；根据χ2检验的结果，有统计学意义的协变量纳入成分回归模型进行调整；采用成分等时替代方法，以10 min为增量创建平均每日4种身体活动的可能组合。为保证组合的范围在研究对象实际可能实践的范围内，本研究将每种身体活动限制在其均值的2倍标准差范围内；使用上述成分回归模型预测每种时间使用组合的结局。对于焦虑症状和学业水平，将所有可能的时间使用组合预测结果从最好到最差排序，找出前5%的最佳结局(即最低焦虑区和最高学业水平区)对应的时间使用组合区域，计算两者重叠的区域，得到使两结局双优的时间使用组合区域，重叠区的中心(几何均数)为最低焦虑症状和最高学业水平的总体最佳时间使用组合。
2　结果
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2.1　初中生焦虑症状和学业水平的基本情况
调查的2 800名初中生中，有焦虑症状的占16.0%(447名)，学业水平达到优良的学生占42.0%(1 175名)。不同性别、父亲受教育程度、家庭功能及有无手机依赖、规律运动初中生焦虑症状检出率差异均有统计学意义；是否独生子女，有无手机依赖及不同父母受教育程度、家庭功能和规律运动初中生学业水平优良检出率差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05)。见表1。
2.2　初中生24 h身体活动时间的依赖性
根据研究对象24 h 4项身体活动时间的变异矩阵可知，SLP和SB时间共同依赖性最大(对数比方差为0.02)，LPA和SLP时间次之(对数比方差为0.08)，LPA和MVPA时间共同依赖性最小(对数比方差为0.65)。
2.3　初中生24 h身体活动与焦虑症状和学业水平的关系
与无焦虑症状者相比，有焦虑症状学生MVPA、LPA和SLP时间更短，SB时间更长；学业水平优良的学生比非优良学生的MVPA和SLP时间更少，SB时间更长。见表2。
成分Logistic回归模型分析结果显示，在考虑剩余身体活动时间后，SLP时间增加与焦虑症状的减少(OR=0.84，95%CI=0.83~0.84)和学业水平的降低(OR=0.97，95%CI=0.97~0.97)均有关；MVPA时间增加与焦虑症状的减少(OR=0.99，95%CI=0.98~0.99) 和学业水平的降低(OR=0.88，95%CI=0.88~0.88)均有关；SB时间增加与焦虑症状的增加(OR=1.09，95%CI=1.09~1.09)和学业水平的增加(OR=1.10，95%CI=1.09~1.10)均有关(P值均＜0.01)。LPA时间的增加与焦虑症状和学业水平呈非线性关系(P值均>0.05)。
2.4　初中生焦虑症状与学业水平的最佳时间使用组合
结果显示，最佳时间使用组合中各身体活动值为：SLP=611(520~640)min/d，SB=258(230~320)min/d，LPA=454(280~610)min/d，MVPA=117(20~200)min/d。见表3。
3　讨论
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本研究发现，在考虑剩余身体活动时间后，MVPA时间和SLP时间的增加均与初中生学业水平的降低和焦虑症状的减少有关，而SB时间的增加与初中生学业水平的增高和焦虑症状的增加均相关。为了提高学业水平，短期内学生可以通过增加SB时间来延长学习时间[14]。然而，现有证据表明SB与焦虑风险增加有关[15]，MVPA时间和SLP时长均与焦虑症状呈负相关[16-17]，长时间维持高SB和低MVPA、SLP的时间分配模式并不利于青少年的心理健康与长期发展。
在此基础上，本研究进一步预测了青少年减少焦虑症状并提高学业水平的最佳24 h活动时间使用组合。和目前青少年平均水平相比，最优时间组合模式强调更多的SLP、MVPA和LPA，以及更少的SB。本研究预测的SLP时间符合国际指南的建议[18]，而每天最佳MVPA时间高于世界卫生组织建议的60 min[3]。可能原因是每天60 min的MVPA只是保证青少年获得比较良好的身心健康及学业水平的基础，而更长时间的MVPA和更短时间的SB才能使青少年获得最低焦虑症状及最高学业水平。因此，最优时间使用组合，即每日611 min SLP，258 min SB，454 min LPA及117 min MVPA可作为青少年减少焦虑症状并提高学业水平的潜在干预目标。
本研究仍存在一定的局限性：首先横断面的研究无法进行因果推断，后续仍需要前瞻性研究和干预研究进一步验证；其次，本研究中24 h身体活动采用问卷评估，存在回忆偏倚导致的测量误差，后续研究可采用加速度计等设备客观精准地测量数据；最后，本研究对象只来自1所中学，还应该在不同人群中探究时间使用组合模式与健康结局之间的关联，以获得更稳定的最佳时间使用组合模式。
基金
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  • 国家社会科学基金教育学重点项目(ALA190015)；暨南大学大学生创新创业训练计划支持项目(CX23311，CX24415)
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2025年第46卷第12期
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文章信息
doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025369
  • 接收时间：2025-06-16
  • 首发时间：2026-11-06
  • 出版时间：2025-12-25
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  • 收稿日期：2025-06-16
  • 修回日期：2025-09-12
基金
国家社会科学基金教育学重点项目(ALA190015)；暨南大学大学生创新创业训练计划支持项目(CX23311，CX24415)
作者信息
    1暨南大学基础医学与公共卫生学院, 广东 广州 510632
    2北京体育大学运动人体科学学院/运动与体质健康教育部重点实验室

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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