Article(id=1325532839135175489, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, issueId=1325531848021140417, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025346, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1744819200000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-17, revisedDate=1755446400000, revisedDateStr=2025-08-18, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793961256058, onlineDateStr=2026-11-06, pubDate=1764000000000, pubDateStr=2025-11-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793961256058, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793961256058, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793961256058, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1325531848021140417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, year='2025', volume='46', issue='11', pageStart='1521', pageEnd='1672', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1764000000000', pubDateStr='2025-11-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793961019759, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793961019759, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1580, endPage=1583, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1325532845112058690, articleId=1325532839135175489, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=EN, title=Association of vaccine knowledge and vaccine literacy with vaccine hesitancy among parents of preschool children, columnId=1259565859148804482, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of School Health, columnName=Health Education and Promotion, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the mediating role of vaccine literacy between vaccine knowledge and vaccine hesitancy and the moderating role of parental education level, so as to provide references for adjusting vaccination strategies.

Methods

From May to December 2024, a stratified random sampling method was used to select 10 community hospitals in Guiyang and Zunyi City, Guizhou Province. A total of 1 401 parents of children aged 0-6 years were surveyed regarding their socio-demographic characteristics, vaccine knowledge, vaccine literacy, and vaccine hesitancy levels. Data were analyzed using common method bias tests, Spearman correlation analysis, mediation and moderation effects tests.

Results

The mean score for vaccine knowledge, vaccine literacy and vaccine hesitancy were (2.96±1.11, 14.25±2.64, 39.12±4.93) among the 1 401 participants. Mediating effect analysis showed that both parental vaccine knowledge (β=1.28, 95%CI=1.08-1.49) and vaccine literacy (β=0.75, 95%CI=0.66-0.84) positively predicted vaccine hesitancy (both P < 0.01). Meanwhile, vaccine literacy accounted for 28.1% of the total effect of mediation between knowledge and vaccine hesitancy. In the moderated effects analysis, education level positively predicted vaccine literacy (β=0.40, 95%CI=0.24-0.57), and education level moderated the pathway of vaccine knowledge on vaccine hesitancy (β=0.28, 95%CI=0.05-0.52) (both P < 0.01).

Conclusions

Vaccine literacy partially mediates the relationship between vaccine knowledge and vaccine hesitancy. Parental education level positively moderates the prediction of vaccine knowledge on vaccine hesitancy score.

, authors=Shuwen DONG1, Yuqian WU1, Liwan ZHU2, Yuexian ZENG3, Xinrong XIANG1, Jianzhe GAN1, Li REN*, 4, authorsList=Shuwen DONG, Yuqian WU, Liwan ZHU, Yuexian ZENG, Xinrong XIANG, Jianzhe GAN, Li REN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Li REN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Chinese Journal of School Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1325532863097234246, articleId=1325532839135175489, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=CN, title=学龄前儿童父母疫苗知识和疫苗素养与疫苗犹豫的关联, columnId=1259565859903779205, journalTitle=中国学校卫生, columnName=健康教育与健康促进, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探究疫苗素养在疫苗知识与疫苗犹豫间的中介作用和父母教育水平的调节作用,为调整疫苗接种策略提供参考。

方法

2024年5—12月,采用分层随机抽样方法在贵州省贵阳市和遵义市抽取10个社区医院,采用自编问卷调查1 401名0~6岁儿童父母的社会人口学特征、疫苗知识、疫苗素养和疫苗犹豫水平。采用共同方法偏差检验、Spearman相关性分析、中介和调节效应检验进行数据分析。

结果

在1 401名研究对象中,儿童父母疫苗知识、疫苗素养和疫苗犹豫的平均得分分别为(2.96±1.11,14.25±2.64,39.12±4.93)分。中介效应分析显示,儿童父母疫苗知识(β=1.28,95%CI=1.08~1.49)和疫苗素养(β=0.75,95%CI=0.66~0.84)均正向预测疫苗犹豫(P值均 < 0.01),疫苗素养在疫苗知识和疫苗犹豫中的中介作用占总效应的28.1%。调节效应分析中,父母教育水平正向预测疫苗素养(β=0.40,95%CI=0.24~0.57),且在疫苗知识对疫苗犹豫的影响路径中起到调节作用(β=0.28,95%CI=0.05~0.52)(P值均 < 0.01)。

结论

学龄前儿童父母的疫苗素养在疫苗知识与疫苗犹豫间中起部分中介作用,父母教育水平正向调节疫苗知识对疫苗犹豫得分的预测。

, authors=董淑文1, 吴宇骞1, 朱立婉2, 曾月贤3, 向欣荣1, 甘建哲1, 任丽*, 4, authorsList=董淑文, 吴宇骞, 朱立婉, 曾月贤, 向欣荣, 甘建哲, 任丽, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=任丽, authorNote=

董淑文(1997-),女,河南周口人,硕士,公卫医师,主要研究方向为免疫规划与干预

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任丽,E-mail:
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Correlation analysis between demographic characteristics of parents of preschool children and vaccination indicators(r, n=1 401)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量年龄性别居住地家庭月收入家庭人口数教育水平疫苗知识疫苗素养
性别-0.05
居住地-0.06**-0.06*
家庭月收入0.020.07*-0.33**
家庭人口数-0.020.09**0.20**-0.08**
教育水平0.000.07*-0.35**0.30**-0.12**
疫苗知识-0.02-0.03-0.14**0.15**-0.06**0.21**
疫苗素养0.00-0.01-0.18**0.21**-0.05**0.21**0.30**
疫苗犹豫-0.01-0.01-0.14**0.13**-0.03**0.14**0.51**0.41**
), ArticleFig(id=1325532918596264834, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325532839135175489, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

学龄前儿童父母人口学特征和疫苗指标的相关性分析(r值,n=1 401)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量年龄性别居住地家庭月收入家庭人口数教育水平疫苗知识疫苗素养
性别-0.05
居住地-0.06**-0.06*
家庭月收入0.020.07*-0.33**
家庭人口数-0.020.09**0.20**-0.08**
教育水平0.000.07*-0.35**0.30**-0.12**
疫苗知识-0.02-0.03-0.14**0.15**-0.06**0.21**
疫苗素养0.00-0.01-0.18**0.21**-0.05**0.21**0.30**
疫苗犹豫-0.01-0.01-0.14**0.13**-0.03**0.14**0.51**0.41**
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学龄前儿童父母疫苗知识和疫苗素养与疫苗犹豫的关联
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董淑文 1 , 吴宇骞 1 , 朱立婉 2 , 曾月贤 3 , 向欣荣 1 , 甘建哲 1 , 任丽 *, 4
中国学校卫生 | 健康教育与健康促进 2025,46(11): 1580-1583
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中国学校卫生 |健康教育与健康促进 2025 , 46 (11) : 1580 -1583
学龄前儿童父母疫苗知识和疫苗素养与疫苗犹豫的关联
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董淑文1, 吴宇骞1, 朱立婉2, 曾月贤3, 向欣荣1, 甘建哲1, 任丽*, 4
作者信息
  • 1广州市疾病预防控制中心(广州市卫生监督所)公共卫生数据管理部, 广东 510440
  • 2广州市疾病预防控制中心(广州市卫生监督所)慢性非传染性疾病预防控制部
  • 3广州市白云区石门街社区卫生服务中心
  • 4贵州省疾病预防控制中心免疫规划所
通讯作者:
任丽,E-mail:
作者简介:

董淑文(1997-),女,河南周口人,硕士,公卫医师,主要研究方向为免疫规划与干预

Association of vaccine knowledge and vaccine literacy with vaccine hesitancy among parents of preschool children
Shuwen DONG1, Yuqian WU1, Liwan ZHU2, Yuexian ZENG3, Xinrong XIANG1, Jianzhe GAN1, Li REN*, 4
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Public Health Data Management, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention/Guangzhou Health Supervision Institute, Guangzhou 510440, Guangdong Province, China
出版时间: 2025-11-25 doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025346
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目的

探究疫苗素养在疫苗知识与疫苗犹豫间的中介作用和父母教育水平的调节作用,为调整疫苗接种策略提供参考。

方法

2024年5—12月,采用分层随机抽样方法在贵州省贵阳市和遵义市抽取10个社区医院,采用自编问卷调查1 401名0~6岁儿童父母的社会人口学特征、疫苗知识、疫苗素养和疫苗犹豫水平。采用共同方法偏差检验、Spearman相关性分析、中介和调节效应检验进行数据分析。

结果

在1 401名研究对象中,儿童父母疫苗知识、疫苗素养和疫苗犹豫的平均得分分别为(2.96±1.11,14.25±2.64,39.12±4.93)分。中介效应分析显示,儿童父母疫苗知识(β=1.28,95%CI=1.08~1.49)和疫苗素养(β=0.75,95%CI=0.66~0.84)均正向预测疫苗犹豫(P值均 < 0.01),疫苗素养在疫苗知识和疫苗犹豫中的中介作用占总效应的28.1%。调节效应分析中,父母教育水平正向预测疫苗素养(β=0.40,95%CI=0.24~0.57),且在疫苗知识对疫苗犹豫的影响路径中起到调节作用(β=0.28,95%CI=0.05~0.52)(P值均 < 0.01)。

结论

学龄前儿童父母的疫苗素养在疫苗知识与疫苗犹豫间中起部分中介作用,父母教育水平正向调节疫苗知识对疫苗犹豫得分的预测。

疫苗  /  知识  /  健康教育  /  态度  /  儿童,学龄前
Objective

To investigate the mediating role of vaccine literacy between vaccine knowledge and vaccine hesitancy and the moderating role of parental education level, so as to provide references for adjusting vaccination strategies.

Methods

From May to December 2024, a stratified random sampling method was used to select 10 community hospitals in Guiyang and Zunyi City, Guizhou Province. A total of 1 401 parents of children aged 0-6 years were surveyed regarding their socio-demographic characteristics, vaccine knowledge, vaccine literacy, and vaccine hesitancy levels. Data were analyzed using common method bias tests, Spearman correlation analysis, mediation and moderation effects tests.

Results

The mean score for vaccine knowledge, vaccine literacy and vaccine hesitancy were (2.96±1.11, 14.25±2.64, 39.12±4.93) among the 1 401 participants. Mediating effect analysis showed that both parental vaccine knowledge (β=1.28, 95%CI=1.08-1.49) and vaccine literacy (β=0.75, 95%CI=0.66-0.84) positively predicted vaccine hesitancy (both P < 0.01). Meanwhile, vaccine literacy accounted for 28.1% of the total effect of mediation between knowledge and vaccine hesitancy. In the moderated effects analysis, education level positively predicted vaccine literacy (β=0.40, 95%CI=0.24-0.57), and education level moderated the pathway of vaccine knowledge on vaccine hesitancy (β=0.28, 95%CI=0.05-0.52) (both P < 0.01).

Conclusions

Vaccine literacy partially mediates the relationship between vaccine knowledge and vaccine hesitancy. Parental education level positively moderates the prediction of vaccine knowledge on vaccine hesitancy score.

Vaccines  /  Knowledge  /  Health education  /  Attitude  /  Child, preschool
董淑文, 吴宇骞, 朱立婉, 曾月贤, 向欣荣, 甘建哲, 任丽. 学龄前儿童父母疫苗知识和疫苗素养与疫苗犹豫的关联. 中国学校卫生, 2025 , 46 (11) : 1580 -1583 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025346
Shuwen DONG, Yuqian WU, Liwan ZHU, Yuexian ZENG, Xinrong XIANG, Jianzhe GAN, Li REN. Association of vaccine knowledge and vaccine literacy with vaccine hesitancy among parents of preschool children[J]. Chinese Journal of School Health, 2025 , 46 (11) : 1580 -1583 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025346
疫苗犹豫是指疫苗接种服务存在推迟接受或不愿意接受疫苗的思想或行为,已经成为影响全球疫苗覆盖率的重要原因之一[1-2]。世界卫生组织(World Health Organization, WHO)将其列入2019年全球十大严重的健康威胁,可能增加已控制传染病再次暴发的风险[3]。除免疫规划疫苗外,我国适龄儿童多种疫苗(如流感、肺炎疫苗)的接种率仍然显著偏低,且儿童父母为孩子选择性接种或延迟接种仍广泛存在[4-5]。疫苗素养强调了个人获取、理解、评估疫苗信息的能力,可以帮助调节疫苗信息的传递并促进疫苗沟通,是疫苗知识转化为行为决策的关键枢纽[6]。因此,提高疫苗素养可能是有效应对疫苗犹豫的举措[7-8]。疫苗知识是接种决策的认知基础,而父母教育水平是影响疫苗素养和接种行为的关键因素[9]。既往研究认为,高学历个体在疫苗相关信息的检索、理解与评估方面更具优势,可能调节疫苗知识与疫苗犹豫之间的关系,然而其具体调节机制尚待进一步探索[10]。本研究通过调查贵州省两市0~6岁儿童父母疫苗素养在疫苗知识与疫苗犹豫的中介作用,并将父母的教育水平作为调节变量,以探索教育水平与疫苗知识的交互作用对父母疫苗犹豫的影响,为调整疫苗接种策略提供一定的参考。
2024年5—12月,采用分层随机抽样方法抽取调查对象。先将贵阳和遵义两市的行政区按主城区和非主城区进行分层,各层采用随机数字表法抽取2个主城区(贵阳:云岩区、南明区; 遵义:红花岗区、汇川区)和1个非主城区(贵阳:花溪区; 遵义:播州区),再从主城区和非主城区采用随机数字表法分别抽取3家和2家社区卫生服务中心,共计10家作为调查点,采用自填式问卷邀请参与者通过“问卷星”扫码填写。纳入标准:在调查期间至少育有1名0~6岁儿童; 能够理解并独立完成问卷。排除标准:完成问卷时间少于60 s; 缺少关键的人口统计学指标(如教育水平)或量表。共发放问卷1 596份,剔除不符合条件及质量较差的问卷后,最终纳入1 401份,有效率为87.8%。其中儿童父母平均年龄为(30.63±4.68)岁,父亲311名(22.2%),母亲1 090名(77.8%); 居住在城市者1 075名(76.7%),农村或其他地区326名(23.3%); 大学及以上学历693名(49.5%),高中或职业学校学历301名(21.5%),初中及以下407名(29.1%)。本研究经贵州省疾病预防控制中心伦理委员会的批准(W2023-17),所有参与者均签署知情同意书。
使用自行设计的贵州省疫苗接种相关状况调查表,由经过统一培训的社区医院公共卫生执业医师引导儿童父母扫码填写并提交问卷。问卷主要内容包括人口学特征(儿童性别、父母的年龄、居住地、家庭月收入、家庭人口数和教育水平等)、疫苗知识、疫苗素养和疫苗犹豫等方面。(1)疫苗知识部分改编自Shembesh等[11]的疫苗知识量表,包括5个问题。每题回答正确计1分,错误或不确定计0分,计算总分后获得疫苗知识得分,总分范围为0~5分,总分越高表示父母的疫苗知识水平越高。(2)疫苗素养调查使用杨玉珍等[12]设计的儿童家长疫苗素养调查问卷中的部分问题,选取通过“您对接种门诊或网络上发布的疫苗相关信息的理解程度如何?”“您是否会判断疫苗信息来源(渠道)的可靠性或权威性?”“您认为您的疫苗相关知识对带孩子接种疫苗的帮助程度如何?”“您对接种门诊提供的儿童疫苗接种相关材料和服务的利用情况如何?”4个问题评估。根据原有的计分方法针对不同问题赋予相应权重,并计算所有题目的得分总和,总分范围为3.8~19.0分,总分越高表明疫苗素养越高。(3)疫苗犹豫采用WHO免疫战略咨询专家组推荐的10项疫苗犹豫量表[13](10-item Vaccine Hesitancy Scale, VHS),各条目均采用5级评分(1=“非常反对”至5=“非常同意”),其中题目5及9~10反向计分。总分范围10~50分,分数越高表示犹豫程度越低,即对疫苗的接受度越高。预调查结果显示,疫苗知识、疫苗素养和疫苗犹豫量表的Cronbach α系数分别为0.83,0.77和0.71,均具可接受的信度。
所有的调查员在调查开始前接受统一标准化培训,明确调查规范和流程; 在问卷填写前由调查员持有纸质问卷向儿童父母详细说明问卷的填写要求和注意事项。电子问卷设置详细的问题说明和严格的填写范围,人口学信息(姓名、性别和年龄等)填写完成后才能顺利提交; 同一设备、网际互连协议和作答者仅能作答一次。同时,根据发布前的测试评估时间,将作答时间小于60 s的问卷作为无效答卷。根据部分问题的反向计分原则,剔除不认真作答、某一量表缺失超50%或关键变量缺失(如教育水平)的无效问卷,将筛选后的问卷数据纳入统计分析。
采用SPSS 24.0软件进行数据处理和统计分析。在完成共同方法偏差检验后,计数资料以频率和百分比(%)描述,计量资料以(x ±s)表示,采用Spearman相关系数描述变量间的相关性。使用PROCESS 4.0插件探究疫苗知识与疫苗犹豫的关联、并评估疫苗素养的中介效应及教育水平的调节效应。中介效应检验基于因果逐步法,采用5 000次Bootstrap抽样计算自变量经由中介变量对因变量的间接效应及其95%置信区间(CI); 调节效应检验通过在回归模型中加入调节变量与自变量(或中介变量)的交互项,评估其对路径系数的影响及显著性。若β值的95%CI不包含0,则认为中介或调节效应有统计学意义。检验水准α=0.05。
采用Harman单因素检验对所有变量进行未旋转主成分因子分析,结果表明存在3个特征根大于1的因子[14]。第一个因子的解释量为25.57%,低于40%的标准,提示本研究不存在显著的共同方法偏差。
儿童父母疫苗知识、疫苗素养和疫苗犹豫的平均得分分别为(2.96±1.11,14.25±2.64,39.12±4.93)分。Spearman相关矩阵显示,疫苗知识和疫苗素养与疫苗犹豫均呈正相关,疫苗知识与疫苗素养呈正相关(P值均 < 0.01)。此外,家庭月收入、父母教育水平与疫苗知识、疫苗素养和疫苗犹豫均呈正相关,居住地与疫苗知识、疫苗素养和疫苗犹豫均呈负相关(P值均 < 0.05)。见表1。
运用PROCESS中模型4的中介效应分析(5 000个Bootstrap样本)显示,在控制家长的年龄、性别、居住地、家庭月收入和家庭人口数后,疫苗知识正向预测疫苗犹豫(β=1.79,95%CI=1.57~2.00,P < 0.01)。在包含中介变量的情况下,疫苗知识(β=1.28,95%CI=1.08~1.49)和疫苗素养(β=0.75,95%CI=0.66~0.84)均正向预测疫苗犹豫(P值均 < 0.01),表明疫苗素养在知识和疫苗犹豫之间的关系起部分中介作用,中介效应占总效应的28.1%。运用PROCESS中模型4的中介效应分析(5 000个Bootstrap样本)显示,在控制家长的年龄、性别、居住地、家庭月收入和家庭人口数后,疫苗知识正向预测疫苗犹豫(β=1.79,95%CI=1.57~2.00,P < 0.01)。在包含中介变量的情况下,疫苗知识(β=1.28,95%CI=1.08~1.49)和疫苗素养(β=0.75,95%CI=0.66~0.84)均正向预测疫苗犹豫(P值均 < 0.01),表明疫苗素养在知识和疫苗犹豫之间的关系起部分中介作用,中介效应占总效应的28.1%。
见图1。
运用PROCESS中模型检验父母教育水平的调节作用,结果显示,教育水平正向影响疫苗素养(β=0.40,95%CI=0.24~0.57,P < 0.01)。控制年龄、性别、居住地、家庭月收入、家庭人口数变量后,教育水平与疫苗知识的交互项正向预测疫苗犹豫(β=0.28,95%CI=0.05~0.52,P < 0.01),即教育水平在疫苗知识对疫苗犹豫影响路径中的调节作用。由图1可见,简单斜率分析结果显示,在疫苗知识的高分组(x +s)和低分组(x -s)中,随着父母学历水平的提高,知识水平对疫苗犹豫的预测作用呈逐渐上升趋势。
本研究结果表明,学龄前儿童父母疫苗犹豫的得分为(39.12±4.93)分,高于2021年中国中、西、东部地区的研究结果[15]和重庆市0~6岁儿童父母的疫苗犹豫得分[16],表明该地疫苗犹豫程度较低,对疫苗安全性和有效性的信任可能处于较高水平。同时,儿童父母的疫苗知识与疫苗犹豫得分均呈正相关,疫苗素养在这一关系中起部分中介作用; 随着教育水平的增加,疫苗知识对疫苗犹豫和疫苗素养的影响越强。
本研究认为疫苗知识与疫苗犹豫得分呈正向关联,即疫苗知识得分越高疫苗犹豫程度越低,与Ndasauka等[17]研究结果一致。疫苗知识代表了家长对疫苗作用原理、接种程序及不良反应的认知,在影响疫苗接种的决定中起着重要作用[18]。高知识水平提高了对疫苗的信任和风险感知水平,有助于促进疫苗接种积极的态度和降低疫苗犹豫[19]。因此,卫生部门联合社区医院通过图文手册、健康讲座及平台推送等定期开展针对性的科普宣传活动,以降低疫苗犹豫的水平。
疫苗素养得分较高者具有更低的疫苗犹豫,与Yang等[20]研究一致,认为父母理解和批判性使用疫苗信息的能力影响儿童的疫苗接种行为。研究表明,高疫苗素养的家长更倾向于主动通过社交媒体、向专业医护人员咨询等方式来获取疫苗信息和接种建议,以评估儿童的易感性和疫苗的保护作用[21-22]。此外,疫苗素养在知识对疫苗犹豫的影响中起部分中介作用。疫苗素养较高的家长在疫苗有效性、安全性等多个方面具有更准确的认知,有助于疫苗接种行为的转化[23-24]。但部分家长受到疫苗不良事件的影响,可能存在“知信分离”的现象,在了解疫苗信息的同时对疫苗安全性和副作用感到担忧[25-26]。因此,多渠道传播权威易懂的疫苗信息和推动医务人员的积极引导,可能有助于低疫苗素养的儿童家长建立疫苗信息正向反馈机制、增强其信息筛选和判断能力,从而有效减少疫苗犹豫。
既往研究发现,教育水平和社会经济地位是影响疫苗素养和接种犹豫的重要人口学因素[9]。调节效应分析也表明,教育水平强化了疫苗知识对疫苗犹豫的影响:随着父母学历水平的提高,知识水平对疫苗犹豫的预测作用呈逐渐上升趋势。Klüwer等[27-28]研究认为,受教育程度较高的个体通常具有更高的疫苗信心,在高知识水平的基础上对疫苗的有效性和安全性有着更为深刻的理解。然而,这种理解也可能是片面的,部分高学历家长可能因疫苗认知偏见而高估了接种风险,尤其在新兴疫苗中较为明显[29]。因此,在制定疫苗宣传策略的过程中,应充分考虑不同教育水平人群的信息需求,基于科学证据为高学历人群提供更为严谨的疫苗信息,以减少信息误解对疫苗接种决策的作用。
综上所述,学龄前儿童父母的疫苗知识与疫苗犹豫得分呈正相关,其中疫苗素养起部分中介作用,教育水平直接影响疫苗素养并作为调节变量增强疫苗知识与疫苗犹豫得分的关联。提示在制定干预策略时,应充分考虑家长教育背景差异,低教育水平家长可通过通俗图文或视频宣教提升疫苗知识与理解能力,高教育水平家长可借助知识讲座和志愿者培训提高科学素养,促其由接种“参与者”转为知识“传播者”。因此,开发分层、有针对性的干预措施,提升家长疫苗知识与信息应用能力,有助于优化资源配置,实现精准健康教育,减少疫苗犹豫。
本研究也存在一定的局限性:(1)样本来源于社区医院就诊的儿童家长,可能低估了当地的教育和疫苗知识水平。(2)调查主要在贵州两市开展,受地域经济发展水平和医疗资源配置差异的影响,研究结果的推广性存在一定局限。(3)选取疫苗素养量表中信息获取和应用能力等方面的内容,未包括疫苗信念在内的所有维度,可能影响对疫苗素养水平的全面评估。后续研究将考虑拓展多中心抽样范围,优化问卷设计以提升评估维度的完整性。
  • 贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合支撑[2020]4Y168号)
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2025年第46卷第11期
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doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025346
  • 接收时间:2025-04-17
  • 首发时间:2026-11-06
  • 出版时间:2025-11-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-17
  • 修回日期:2025-08-18
基金
贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合支撑[2020]4Y168号)
作者信息
    1广州市疾病预防控制中心(广州市卫生监督所)公共卫生数据管理部, 广东 510440
    2广州市疾病预防控制中心(广州市卫生监督所)慢性非传染性疾病预防控制部
    3广州市白云区石门街社区卫生服务中心
    4贵州省疾病预防控制中心免疫规划所

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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