Article(id=1325532887453548817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, issueId=1325531848021140417, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025337, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1746460800000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-06, revisedDate=1755792000000, revisedDateStr=2025-08-22, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793961267578, onlineDateStr=2026-11-06, pubDate=1764000000000, pubDateStr=2025-11-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793961267578, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793961267578, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793961267578, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1325531848021140417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, year='2025', volume='46', issue='11', pageStart='1521', pageEnd='1672', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1764000000000', pubDateStr='2025-11-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793961019759, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793961019759, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1658, endPage=1663, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1325532891949842707, articleId=1325532887453548817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=EN, title=Global research progress of universal mental health screening for students in schools, columnId=1325500927146341345, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of School Health, columnName=Review, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Currently, mental health issues among children and adolescents are increasingly severe, which has posed a significant public health burden. School-based universal mental health screening is recognized as an effective approach for early intervention and treatment of mental health disorders in the population. To understand the current situation of universal mental health screening for students in schools worldwide, the study aims to investigate the current status of school-based universal mental health screening globally. It is found that numerous countries and regions have implemented universal school-based mental health screening practices with several enacting legislative measures to mandate such screenings and multiple national institutions issuing related guidelines. In the future, it is necessary to improve the multi-level intervention network after screening, enhance the ability of mental health services, and optimize the whole process of mental health screening from "identification" to "support".

, authors=Mengru JI1, Ying SUN*, 1, 2, authorsList=Mengru JI, Ying SUN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Ying SUN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Chinese Journal of School Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1325532967996768539, articleId=1325532887453548817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=CN, title=学校开展学生普遍性心理健康筛查的国内外研究进展, columnId=1325500927309919203, journalTitle=中国学校卫生, columnName=综述, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

儿童青少年心理健康问题日益加重,造成较大的公共卫生负担,基于学校的普遍性心理健康筛查被认为是早期干预和治疗儿童青少年心理健康问题的有效途径。为了解全球学校开展学生普遍性心理健康筛查的现况,研究通过收集和梳理全球主要国家和权威机构公开发表的政策文件及指南,发现目前全球已有多个国家或地区进行了基于学校的普遍性心理健康筛查实践,部分国家针对学校普遍性心理健康筛查颁布了法律文件,多个国家的机构发布了相关指南。未来还需完善筛查后多层级干预网络,提升心理健康服务能力,实现心理健康筛查从“识别”到“支持”的全流程优化。

, authors=纪梦茹1, 孙莹*, 1, 2, authorsList=纪梦茹, 孙莹, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=孙莹, authorNote=

纪梦茹(2001-),女,安徽亳州人,在读硕士,主要研究方向为儿童青少年卫生

, correspAuthorsNote=
孙莹,E-mail:
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学校开展学生普遍性心理健康筛查的国内外研究进展
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纪梦茹 1 , 孙莹 *, 1, 2
中国学校卫生 | 综述 2025,46(11): 1658-1663
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中国学校卫生 |综述 2025 , 46 (11) : 1658 -1663
学校开展学生普遍性心理健康筛查的国内外研究进展
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纪梦茹1, 孙莹*, 1, 2
作者信息
  • 1安徽医科大学公共卫生学院儿少卫生与妇幼保健学系,合肥 230032
  • 2出生人口健康教育部重点实验室/人口健康与优生安徽省重点实验室
通讯作者:
孙莹,E-mail:
作者简介:

纪梦茹(2001-),女,安徽亳州人,在读硕士,主要研究方向为儿童青少年卫生

Global research progress of universal mental health screening for students in schools
Mengru JI1, Ying SUN*, 1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, China
出版时间: 2025-11-25 doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025337
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儿童青少年心理健康问题日益加重,造成较大的公共卫生负担,基于学校的普遍性心理健康筛查被认为是早期干预和治疗儿童青少年心理健康问题的有效途径。为了解全球学校开展学生普遍性心理健康筛查的现况,研究通过收集和梳理全球主要国家和权威机构公开发表的政策文件及指南,发现目前全球已有多个国家或地区进行了基于学校的普遍性心理健康筛查实践,部分国家针对学校普遍性心理健康筛查颁布了法律文件,多个国家的机构发布了相关指南。未来还需完善筛查后多层级干预网络,提升心理健康服务能力,实现心理健康筛查从“识别”到“支持”的全流程优化。

精神卫生  /  多相筛查  /  健康促进  /  学生

Currently, mental health issues among children and adolescents are increasingly severe, which has posed a significant public health burden. School-based universal mental health screening is recognized as an effective approach for early intervention and treatment of mental health disorders in the population. To understand the current situation of universal mental health screening for students in schools worldwide, the study aims to investigate the current status of school-based universal mental health screening globally. It is found that numerous countries and regions have implemented universal school-based mental health screening practices with several enacting legislative measures to mandate such screenings and multiple national institutions issuing related guidelines. In the future, it is necessary to improve the multi-level intervention network after screening, enhance the ability of mental health services, and optimize the whole process of mental health screening from "identification" to "support".

Mental health  /  Multiphasic screening  /  Health promotion  /  Students
纪梦茹, 孙莹. 学校开展学生普遍性心理健康筛查的国内外研究进展. 中国学校卫生, 2025 , 46 (11) : 1658 -1663 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025337
Mengru JI, Ying SUN. Global research progress of universal mental health screening for students in schools[J]. Chinese Journal of School Health, 2025 , 46 (11) : 1658 -1663 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025337
全球多数国家数据显示,儿童青少年心理健康状况持续恶化[1-2]。5~24岁儿童青少年中约1/10的群体患有可诊断的精神障碍,平均患病率高达11.63%[3]。近年来,有研究显示34.6%的精神障碍首次发病在14岁前,48.4%首次发病在18岁前[4]。同时,儿童青少年可获得的心理健康资源稀缺、分配不均、使用效率低下。心理健康筛查被认为是减少精神疾病社会负担和成本最经济有效的预防性公共卫生策略之一[5],基于学校开展普遍性心理健康筛查具有巨大的潜力,可早期发现存在心理健康风险的儿童青少年,并改善他们的求助行为[6]。
目前已有多个国家认识到了儿童青少年抑郁症筛查的重要性,并根据证据审查结果制定了相关的筛查指南,但多停留在级保健筛查[7]。有证据表明,心理健康筛查仅在临床实践中开展存在局限性,且相比于临床筛查,学校进行普遍性心理健康筛查更具优势[8]。学校被视为儿童和青少年实际上的心理健康服务提供者[9];学校筛查的覆盖面更广,能够触及到更多的学生,且学校环境中进行的心理健康筛查有助于减少与心理健康问题相关的病耻感和污名化,并提高学生、家长和教师对心理健康问题的认识和理解[8-10]。国内外调查发现,家长及监护人对学校普遍性心理健康筛查接受度较高[11-12],以学校为基础的普遍性心理健康筛查可有效减少学生心理健康问题的发生[13]。基于学校的普遍性心理健康筛查在早期识别和干预儿童青少年心理健康问题方面将发挥不可或缺的作用。
目前全球范围内尚未见学校普遍性心理健康筛查明确的统一定义、实施流程、步骤或方法。美国国家心理健康中心(National Center for School Mental Health,NCSMH)在2020年发布的《学校心理健康质量指南:筛查》中,将普遍性心理健康筛查定义为在学校中对所有学生使用系统化的工具或流程来识别学生的优势和需求,该筛查针对整个学生群体或该群体的部分子集,并非仅针对高风险或已出现心理健康问题的学生[14]。
学校普遍性心理健康筛查系“一项针对学生的评估过程,旨在识别他们是否存在罹患心理健康问题的潜在风险”,具体而言,筛查是指“在没有已知风险因素的情况下进行评估,目的在于识别可能从二级或三级心理健康服务与支持中获益的学生群体”[15]。
也有学者提出学校普遍性心理健康筛查包括学校中所有学生,无论其风险状况如何,均使用简洁、可靠且有效的工具或衡量方法(即评定量表)针对特定标准(即健康特征或心理健康指标)进行筛查,以确定每名学生的优势和需求,并识别出可能需要预防性、靶向性或密集性服务和支持的学生[16]。
全球越来越重视儿童青少年的心理健康问题,尤其是认识到学校在预防儿童青少年心理健康问题方面的作用,近年来相继出台政策或发布指南支持在学校进行普遍性心理健康筛查。
2012年,我国教育部修订的《中小学心理健康教育指导纲要》[17]提出学校需建立心理辅导室并加强心理健康监测,虽尚未对系统性筛查作出强制要求,但为后续工作奠定了基础。2019年,《健康中国行动——儿童青少年心理健康行动方案(2019—2022年)》[18]出台。作为首个全国性心理健康筛查政策,明确要求各级学校建立心理服务平台,推动抑郁症等心理问题筛查,并设定了2022年的覆盖目标,标志着筛查工作进入全国性推进阶段。2021年,教育部进一步明确将抑郁症筛查纳入学生健康体检,要求高校和中小学在体检中增加心理健康评估项目,重点关注风险学生,使筛查工作与学生常规健康管理相结合[19]。2023年,教育部等17部门联合印发的《全面加强和改进新时代学生心理健康工作专项行动计划(2023—2025年)》[20],首次明确“每年至少一次心理健康筛查”,覆盖范围扩展至小学高年级至高中,并要求高校新生在入学时进行测评,为学生心理健康筛查提供了更为具体、全面的操作规范,推动心理健康工作向常态化、制度化方向发展。
现阶段中国学校心理健康筛查工作已经形成了较为完整的政策框架。到2025年,配备专(兼)职心理健康教育教师的学校比例达到95%,开展心理健康教育的家庭教育指导服务站点比例达到60%[21]。全国各地区正在积极推进学生心理健康筛查工作,但实施进度和深度还存在地区差异。经济发达地区如厦门市已经形成了较为系统的实施模式。厦门市卫生健康委员会组织专业力量,成立青少年心理健康筛查项目小组,科学制定不同阶段心理健康情况筛查量表,形成了《儿童青少年心理健康进校筛查实施方案》[22],要求各中小学每学年开展学生心理健康全员普测,通过全员筛查、暖心谈话、家校联系等动态摸排学生思想心理情况,对重点关注学生分级建立预警库,按照“一生一档”要求建立心理档案,并制定关爱帮扶措施。四川省则通过公开遴选方式征集心理健康测评样表及平台,遵循公益原则,旨在提升四川省学生心理健康监测预警能力,规范心理健康测评数据采集工作,供全省心理健康监测样本校和其他中小学校使用。申报的测评平台需永久免费向四川省中小学校开放,不得设置会员付费、广告推送等盈利功能,并需通过国家信息安全等级保护三级认证,实行本地化服务器存储,数据所有权归四川省教育厅[23]。
2022年6月25日由美国时任总统签署的《两党更安全社区法案》[24]规定:教育部内各机构和项目提供拨款用于支持学生安全健康的活动、学校心理健康服务补助金,同时拨款10亿美元用于学校心理健康教师的培养及培训。第11 005条规定通过医疗补助计划,在学校开展心理健康早期筛查和定期筛查,支持儿童获得包括心理健康筛查在内的心理健康服务。
美国《学生心理健康服务法案2023》(H.R.3713)[25]由众议员于2023年6月8日提交至参议院,该法案目的在于修订和扩展《公共卫生服务法案》中与儿童有关的项目,提供以学校为基础的综合心理健康计划,包括在学校中提供全面、普遍、基于循证的筛查,以识别有潜在心理健康障碍或未满足情绪健康需求的儿童青少年,具体包括筛查和早期识别社交、情感、心理、行为问题、自杀风险或物质使用障碍,并提供早期干预服务;对患有上述障碍的学生进行治疗或转介治疗。除了国家层面,美国华盛顿州、北卡罗来纳州等各州对学校普遍性心理健康筛查也表现出积极的态度,均发布相应的指南或政策文件[26-34]。
美国多个机构相继发布了学校普遍性心理健康筛查的相关指南:美国国家学校心理健康中心(National Center for School Mental Health,NCSMH)于2020年发布了《学校心理健康质量指南:筛查》[14],为学校普遍性心理健康筛查的实施提供评价指南,旨在帮助学校心理健康系统提升其服务与支持的质量,指南中包含学校心理健康筛查的背景信息、最佳实践、可能的行动步骤、来自实践的示例以及相关资源。美国学校心理健康协会(School Mental Health Collaborative, SMHC)一直致力于开展研究,促进所有学生的社会情感及提供政策和实践信息,为学者提供工具、资源和指导,帮助教育工作者和家长促进儿童青少年心理健康[35]。SMHC在2021年发布的《普遍社交、情绪和行为问题筛查的最佳实践:实施指南》[35],基于当前研究现状、政策以及与社交、情绪和行为问题、筛查相关的法律和道德伦理因素,为领导团队提供了相关信息。2024年美国药物滥用和心理健康服务管理局(Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, SAMHSA)更新了《准备-设定-行动审查:基于学校的学生行为健康风险筛查》[36],旨在指导学校制定全面的筛查程序,并提供现成的资源,以促进学校实施有效的行为健康筛查;强调在学校中开展学生行为健康风险筛查,早期识别和干预学生心理健康问题的重要性;概述了筛查的目的、筛查工具的使用,详细讨论了开发筛查过程和程序的步骤,包括获得社区支持、资源分配、角色定义、法律和伦理考虑、筛查工具选择、培训和数据系统开发;提供了实施筛查的最佳实践和步骤,以及后续如何监测和追踪学生。
一项研究对美国中西部4个州小学至高中428名校长进行了访谈,探讨了他们实施普遍性心理健康筛查的情况以及对基于学校普遍性心理健康筛查的意向,其中72.9%的校长表达了积极态度[15]。2021年美国科罗拉多州已有37%的学校提供普遍性心理健康筛查,其中小学占38.2%,中学占34.6%[37]。最早在2014年,科罗拉多州就已经在奥罗拉的6所试点学校试行学校普遍性心理健康筛查[38]。6所试点学校采用了一种“双门”筛查系统,即使用2种筛查工具:行为障碍系统性筛查(Systematic Screening for Behavior Disorders,SSBD)[39]和儿童行为评估系统——学生行为评价量表(Behavior Assessment System for Children, Second Edition-Behavioral Evaluation Scales for Students,BASC-BESS)[40]对学生进行2次心理健康筛查。在开学第6~8周,教师使用SSBD评出本班级中排名前3的“外向型问题学生”和排名前3的“内向型问题学生”。随后,教师使用BASC-BESS量表,以识别首次筛查中确定的6名学生在各种社交情感问题上所处的水平,即处于“平均”“较高”,还是“极高”的状态。处于“极高风险”水平的学生,将参加由学校心理学家或学校社会工作者组织的小规模心理健康辅导小组。结果不仅提高了学生的社会情感技能、态度和行为,还提升了学习成绩。Sekhar等[41]在美国宾夕法尼亚州14所高中的12 000多名学生中进行了一项随机临床对照试验,结果显示相对于传统的目标学生转诊过程,普遍性抑郁症筛查对抑郁症青少年的检出率高出5.9倍,普遍筛查组青少年抑郁症的治疗启动率也高出2.1倍。第2年该团队进行了青少年自杀风险筛查,即上述随机临床对照试验的二次分析,结果发现相对于对照组,普遍筛查组对有自杀风险的青少年识别率高出7.1倍,青少年开始心理健康治疗的概率高出4.0倍[42]。
英国政府于2015年开始实施《心系未来:保护、促进和改善儿童青少年心理健康计划》[43],提出了发展和同意儿童青少年心理健康和福祉的转型计划,明确了由地方提供的服务,包括在学校等环境中实施普遍性心理健康筛查,使用系统性筛查工具识别在社交、情感和行为方面可能存在问题的学生。英国卫生部和教育部于2017年联合发布了《改革儿童和青少年心理健康服务》绿皮书[44],强调了早期识别和干预的重要性,以减少心理健康问题对儿童和青少年长期影响的风险,期望学校在识别和应对心理健康困难方面发挥核心作用,包括实施普遍性心理健康筛查。
澳大利亚政府于2023年投资2.037亿澳元用于实施“学生幸福感促进计划”[45],以支持全国在校生的心理健康和福祉,其中1 080万澳元用于学校普遍心理健康和福祉筛查工具的开发,确保学生在学校能获得所需的支持。
一项随机对照研究将来自澳大利亚新南威尔士州22所中学的1 802名青少年学生进行整群随机分配,接受强化筛查(干预组)或轻触筛查(对照组),其中干预组学生接受有监督的基于网络自我报告的焦虑、抑郁和自杀倾向筛查问卷,并根据他们的症状严重程度开展随访服务;对照组学生仅接受无监督的、基于网络的焦虑和抑郁筛查,以及关于寻求帮助的一般性建议,除此之外不提供其他服务。研究发现,在中学开展普遍性焦虑和抑郁筛查对青少年不仅没有潜在危害,而且接受强化筛查程序的学生寻求心理健康服务的意愿显著提升[46]。
黑狗研究所(Black Dog Institute)是澳大利亚国家级心理健康医学研究机构,该机构为教师和学生开发了系列免费的循证心理健康资源和工具,其中包括学生在线普遍性心理健康筛查及护理[47]。如2016年开发的基于高中学校的在线心理健康筛查项目:“一帆风顺”(smooth sailing)[48],旨在帮助高中识别需要心理健康支持的青少年、改善高中生求助意愿和行为以及减轻高中生的焦虑和抑郁症状。被分配到干预组的学校可以使用为期12周的“一帆风顺”项目服务。“一帆风顺”项目使用广泛性焦虑症量表[49](Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item Scale,GAD-7)和患者健康问卷[50](Patient Health Questionnaire-9,PHQ-9)进行心理健康筛查,以确定学生的症状水平。根据筛查结果和基于阶梯式服务原则自动将学生分配到不同的服务层级。每名学生需登录网站建立个人档案,完成问卷筛查。该系统按经过验证的学生心理健康风险阈值,自动将学生分配到不同服务模块中。对轻、中度症状的高中生采取低强度的干预措施,如在线心理健康教育和在线认知行为治疗[51],对重度症状的学生提供密集的面对面干预措施,学校心理咨询,每6周进行一次症状筛查[49-51],以上量表目前仍在继续使用。
2006年韩国政府修订并实施《学校健康法》[52],2007年少数学校开始全面预防和管理学生的心理健康问题,如对学生的情绪和行为状态进行早期识别以及一些精神疾病的早期检测。
韩国教育部使用情绪和行为筛查问卷对学生进行早期心理健康筛查,从而确保可能面临高风险心理健康问题的学生能够及时获得专业机构的帮助与支持。针对不同阶段的学生设计了不同问卷版本,小学生由家长填写《儿童人格和心理健康筛查问卷(第二版)》[53],中学生则自己填写《青少年人格和心理健康问题筛查问卷(第三版)》[54],帮助家长和学生了解自身人格特征、风险因素、情绪和行为问题等方面的情况。筛查通过教育部提供的在线系统,由学生进行自我报告,基于报告的心理健康问题的风险水平,分为正常组和优先管理组(一般管理组和高风险管理组),高风险管理组的学生与专业心理健康机构联系,确保能够获得必需的支持和帮助[52]。自2012年起,该实践已扩大到韩国小学至高中所有学生。
2012年,韩国颁布的《心理健康教育法》,要求各级学校在教育计划中纳入心理健康教育,并鼓励学生在遇到心理问题时寻求帮助[52]。这一法律为学校心理健康筛查提供了法律基础。2017年,韩国颁布了《青少年心理健康保健法》,要求政府采取积极措施保护青少年心理健康,并规定心理治疗师必须经过认证方可从事相关工作[52]。
基于学校的普遍性心理健康筛查在全球范围内得到了越来越多的关注和实施。各国通过政策支持、指南制定和具体实践,积极探索在学校环境中开展心理健康筛查的有效途径。在儿童青少年心理健康筛查方面,已经研制并验证了各种工具,协助专业人员对心理健康问题进行及时鉴定,国内和国际上已经使用了多种经过验证的心理健康筛查工具,但仍缺乏统一的筛查标准和工具。英国政府推荐可以使用的工具为《学生风险筛查量表——内化和外化行为》(Student Risk Screening Scale-Internalizing and Externalizing,SSRS-IE)和《社会、学业和情感行为风险筛查量表》(Social, Academic, and Emotional Behavior Risk Screener,SAEBRS)[43],美国科罗拉多州的学校使用的是行为干预监测评估系统(Behavior Intervention Monitoring Assessment System,BIMAS-2)和Devereux学生优势评估(Devereux Student Strengths Assessment,DES-SA)[37],澳大利亚的黑狗研究所则使用GAD-7和PHQ-9进行心理健康筛查[48]。各种工具在信度、效度、敏感性和特异性等方面存在差异,筛查结果的可比性和一致性受到限制,且由于不同地区和国家的文化差异,在筛查工具上难以做到统一。
虽然学校普遍性心理健康筛查能够早期识别出存在心理健康风险的学生,但如何为学生提供及时、有效的干预和支持,即筛查后的干预和跟进措施仍是一个挑战。
学校心理健康服务的资源相对有限,专业人员的数量和质量都无法满足日益增长的心理健康需求。法国、德国、荷兰和西班牙等10个欧洲国家的跨国研究表明,由于教师能力有限、资金不足、缺乏专家指导等,超过一半的学校没有实施有关心理健康的学校政策[55]。在美国,学校心理学家的平均比例为1∶1 200,远低于SMHC推荐的1∶500的标准[56]。专业人员的短缺不仅影响了心理健康筛查的质量和效率,也限制了筛查后干预措施的实施。
全球范围内,基于学校的普遍性心理健康筛查已成为应对儿童青少年心理健康危机的重要策略。多国通过立法、资金支持及标准化工具开发逐步推动筛查实践,并证实其能有效提升风险识别率与干预及时性。然而,当前仍面临筛查工具标准不一、干预措施系统性不足、专业人员短缺及资源分配不均等挑战。未来需加强国际合作,推动筛查工具的文化适应性改良,完善筛查后多层级干预网络,并通过政策保障与资金投入提升学校心理健康服务能力,最终实现心理健康筛查从“识别”到“支持”的全流程优化。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(82373591);安徽省教育科学研究重点项目(JKZ22001);合肥大健康研究院健康大数据与医学群体研究所重点项目(JKS2002008)
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2025年第46卷第11期
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doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025337
  • 接收时间:2025-05-06
  • 首发时间:2026-11-06
  • 出版时间:2025-11-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-06
  • 修回日期:2025-08-22
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国家自然科学基金项目(82373591);安徽省教育科学研究重点项目(JKZ22001);合肥大健康研究院健康大数据与医学群体研究所重点项目(JKS2002008)
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    1安徽医科大学公共卫生学院儿少卫生与妇幼保健学系,合肥 230032
    2出生人口健康教育部重点实验室/人口健康与优生安徽省重点实验室

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小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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