Article(id=1325533299359372030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, issueId=1325531848021140417, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025333, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1751990400000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-09, revisedDate=1757088000000, revisedDateStr=2025-09-06, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793961365784, onlineDateStr=2026-11-06, pubDate=1764000000000, pubDateStr=2025-11-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793961365784, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793961365784, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793961365784, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1325531848021140417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, year='2025', volume='46', issue='11', pageStart='1521', pageEnd='1672', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1764000000000', pubDateStr='2025-11-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793961019759, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793961019759, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1664, endPage=1667, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1325533303918580480, articleId=1325533299359372030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=EN, title=Application progress of digital exercise games in health promotion among children and adolescents, columnId=1325500927146341345, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of School Health, columnName=Review, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In recent years, digital exercise games based on motion capture and body-sensing interaction technologies have gradually emerged and become a new trend in sports. Due to the ingenious integration of physical activity and electronic games, digital exercise games have demonstrated significant advantages in improving the health of children and adolescents. The paper aims to systematically analyze the intervention effects of digital exercise games on children and adolescents' body composition, motor ability, muscle strength and bone density, cardiovascular health, executive function as well asemotions, aiming to explore new approaches and methods to improve the health status of children and adolescents in China.

, authors=Wenshuo LIU1, Zongqiang JIN*, 1, Xuan WANG1, Wei WANG2, authorsList=Wenshuo LIU, Zongqiang JIN, Xuan WANG, Wei WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Zongqiang JIN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Chinese Journal of School Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1325533310541386498, articleId=1325533299359372030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=CN, title=数字锻炼游戏在儿童青少年健康促进中的应用进展, columnId=1325500927309919203, journalTitle=中国学校卫生, columnName=综述, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

近年来,基于动作捕捉及体感交互技术的数字锻炼游戏逐渐兴起,并成为一种新的运动潮流。由于数字锻炼游戏巧妙融合了体力活动与电子游戏的双重属性,从而使其在提升儿童青少年健康水平方面展现出巨大的优势。研究旨在通过系统分析数字锻炼游戏对儿童青少年身体成分、运动能力、肌肉力量与骨密度、心血管健康、执行功能以及情绪方面的干预效果,以期为改善中国儿童和青少年健康状况探索新的途径与方法。

, authors=刘文烁1, 金宗强*, 1, 王璇1, 王巍2, authorsList=刘文烁, 金宗强, 王璇, 王巍, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=金宗强, authorNote=

刘文烁(1996-),男,山东潍坊人,在读博士,主要研究方向为体力活动与健康促进

, correspAuthorsNote=
金宗强,E-mail:
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数字锻炼游戏在儿童青少年健康促进中的应用进展
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刘文烁 1 , 金宗强 *, 1 , 王璇 1 , 王巍 2
中国学校卫生 | 综述 2025,46(11): 1664-1667
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中国学校卫生 |综述 2025 , 46 (11) : 1664 -1667
数字锻炼游戏在儿童青少年健康促进中的应用进展
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刘文烁1, 金宗强*, 1 , 王璇1, 王巍2
作者信息
  • 1天津体育学院运动训练学院,天津 301617
  • 2山东第二医科大学基础医学院
通讯作者:
金宗强,E-mail:
作者简介:

刘文烁(1996-),男,山东潍坊人,在读博士,主要研究方向为体力活动与健康促进

Application progress of digital exercise games in health promotion among children and adolescents
Wenshuo LIU1, Zongqiang JIN*, 1 , Xuan WANG1, Wei WANG2
Affiliations
  • 1School of Sports Training, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 301617, China
出版时间: 2025-11-25 doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025333
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近年来,基于动作捕捉及体感交互技术的数字锻炼游戏逐渐兴起,并成为一种新的运动潮流。由于数字锻炼游戏巧妙融合了体力活动与电子游戏的双重属性,从而使其在提升儿童青少年健康水平方面展现出巨大的优势。研究旨在通过系统分析数字锻炼游戏对儿童青少年身体成分、运动能力、肌肉力量与骨密度、心血管健康、执行功能以及情绪方面的干预效果,以期为改善中国儿童和青少年健康状况探索新的途径与方法。

电子游戏  /  运动活动  /  健康促进  /  儿童  /  青少年

In recent years, digital exercise games based on motion capture and body-sensing interaction technologies have gradually emerged and become a new trend in sports. Due to the ingenious integration of physical activity and electronic games, digital exercise games have demonstrated significant advantages in improving the health of children and adolescents. The paper aims to systematically analyze the intervention effects of digital exercise games on children and adolescents' body composition, motor ability, muscle strength and bone density, cardiovascular health, executive function as well asemotions, aiming to explore new approaches and methods to improve the health status of children and adolescents in China.

Video games  /  Motor activity  /  Health promotion  /  Child  /  Adolescent
刘文烁, 金宗强, 王璇, 王巍. 数字锻炼游戏在儿童青少年健康促进中的应用进展. 中国学校卫生, 2025 , 46 (11) : 1664 -1667 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025333
Wenshuo LIU, Zongqiang JIN, Xuan WANG, Wei WANG. Application progress of digital exercise games in health promotion among children and adolescents[J]. Chinese Journal of School Health, 2025 , 46 (11) : 1664 -1667 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025333
近年来,基于动作捕捉及体感交互技术的数字锻炼游戏逐渐兴起,并成为一种新的运动潮流。这种融合了体力活动与游戏元素的新型运动形式,不仅在改善儿童青少年健康状况方面具有积极效果[1],同时在提高锻炼依从性、增加运动时间、培养锻炼习惯方面展现出较大潜力[2-3]。目前,国内数字锻炼游戏领域已涌现出诸多产品,代表性的硬件设备能够通过多种交互技术提升儿童青少年的运动沉浸感与参与动机;同时,以国产应用“天天跳绳”为代表的软件平台整合了丰富的数字锻炼游戏,且已尝试应用于体育教育实践[4]。本文旨在通过梳理数字锻炼游戏促进儿童青少年健康状况的干预效果,为提高我国儿童青少年健康状况提供新的方法与途径。
数字锻炼游戏改善超重或肥胖儿童青少年身体成分的有效性已得到多维研究证据支持。家庭场景下,Staiano等[2]对超重儿童实施24周居家数字锻炼游戏干预后,体质量指数(body mass index, BMI) Z值较对照组显著降低。社区环境下,Christison等[5]研究显示,10周基于社区的干预方案同样能降低受试儿童BMI,表明不同环境下的数字锻炼游戏干预均能有效改善身体成分,为家校协同采用数字锻炼游戏改善身体成分提供了参考。同时Adamo等[6]研究发现,数字骑行游戏与常规音乐骑行均可使受试者体脂百分比显著降低,且两者效果相似,强化了该锻炼方式在减脂方面的积极效果。此外,有研究结果显示超重肥胖青少年间歇性断食期间进行4周数字锻炼游戏干预后,体重、BMI、体脂显著下降,且下降幅度优于仅控制饮食的对照组[7],证实了合理运动及饮食控制在改善身体成分方面的有效性,可通过数字锻炼游戏与饮食控制相结合帮助儿童青少年减重。
有氧能力是除体温、脉搏、呼吸、血压之外的另一重要生命体征[8]。当前部分研究表明,数字锻炼游戏能够改善儿童青少年有氧能力[6, 9-11]。7~12岁超重儿童经过12周电子舞蹈游戏干预后,摄氧量峰值、分级运动测试成绩均有所提高,且与对照组相比有显著差异[11]。超重或肥胖青少年干预10周后,有氧测试中峰值心率、峰值工作负荷以及疲劳时间均有显著改善,其效果与自行车耐力训练相似[6],提示数字锻炼游戏可作为一种耐力骑行的代替方案改善有氧能力。但也有研究得到了不同结果,有研究报道超重或肥胖儿童经过6周(每周3次,每次30 min)的数字锻炼游戏后,峰值摄氧量未发生显著性变化;深入分析发现,该研究每次训练的运动负荷较低且干预时长较短,可能因未达到推荐的负荷标准导致干预无效[12]。因此,采用数字锻炼游戏改善有氧能力时需适当提高训练量与强度,以确保整体运动负荷达到改善有氧能力所需阈值。
平衡能力是身体在运动或受到外力作用时维持姿势稳定的能力[13]。近年来,基于虚拟现实技术的数字锻炼游戏通过多模态感官整合与即时反馈机制,为改善平衡能力提供了新的解决方案。Harkness-Armstrong等[14]研究显示,发育型协调障碍儿童在基于Switch的数字锻炼游戏训练后,运动能力成套测试得分在干预第6周显著提高;而在健康群体中进一步证实,8周Kinect平衡游戏可使静态与动态平衡能力同步改善[15]。此外,有研究发现受试儿童仅经过5周(每周2次,每次20 min)训练,平衡标准评分即有显著改善,且效果在训练干预4个月后仍然存在,表明短期训练可对受试者平衡能力带来长期稳定的干预效果[16]。由此可见,数字锻炼游戏是改善平衡能力的有效方式,可能与虚拟环境通过前庭—视觉耦合增强空间定位精度以及数字锻炼游戏实时重心轨迹反馈优化姿势调整策略有关。
同时,数字锻炼游戏在改善基本运动技能方面展现出独特优势[17]。Kwon等[18]研究显示,发育障碍儿童12周数字锻炼游戏训练后,单脚连跳、立定跳、过肩投球、运球等基本运动技能得到显著改善。一项纳入20篇文献的Meta分析进一步证实,数字锻炼游戏在改善非典型发育儿童移动技能与非移动技能方面均有显著效果[19],且数字锻炼游戏在提升站立和行走等运动技能方面优于传统物理治疗[20]。事实上,儿童青少年基本运动技能与身体活动之间存在正相关[21],通过数字锻炼游戏提高儿童青少年基本运动技能,可能会帮助他们参与到更广泛的体育活动中进而改善整体健康状况。
数字锻炼游戏对肌肉功能改善具有积极效应。Kwon等[18]发现,受试儿童经过12周数字锻炼游戏干预后,立定跳远距离显著提高。但仅靠跳跃距离无法精确反映受试者力量变化,Bonney等[22]通过MicroFET2数字测力仪测量受试者力量变化情况,结果显示数字锻炼游戏与任务导向的功能训练干预结果相似,均可使受试者膝关节伸展肌力、踝关节背屈肌力、跖屈肌力显著改善。此外,数字锻炼游戏在提高上肢力量方面同样有效[23],研究显示超重或肥胖儿童在干预5个月后上肢握力显著提升[24]。原因可能是数字锻炼游戏要求参与者通过挥拍、出拳等重复性肌肉收缩活动,诱导肌纤维横截面积增加及神经肌肉适应,进而改善了肌肉力量。
同时有研究发现,持续12周(每周3次,每次60 min)舞蹈视频游戏后,超重或肥胖青少年女性躯干和脊柱骨密度显著改善[25],此举对于超重肥胖儿童青少年具有重要意义。通常而言,体脂与骨密度存在显著负相关[26],提示超重或肥胖儿童青少年可能因骨密度较低而增加骨质疏松与骨折风险,而数字锻炼游戏通过较高负荷促进骨骼发育,提高骨密度,进而降低骨质疏松与骨折发生率。
Staiano等[2]研究发现,24周数字锻炼游戏干预后,超重或肥胖儿童舒张压与收缩压显著降低。有研究显示,每周5 d且持续12周的电子舞蹈游戏可使受试者平均动脉压下降(5.62±7.03)mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)[11]。但也有部分研究得到了不同的结果,受试者一段时间训练后血压未出现显著改善[12, 24],可能与运动强度不足有关。既往研究认为,运动强度是改善血压的关键因素,较高的运动强度会增加血流,进而促使血管活性物质释放降低血压[27]。可见,达到一定运动强度的数字锻炼游戏是降低血压的一种有效方式,有研究推荐采用70%最大心率以上强度来诱导血压产生积极适应[28]。
现有研究证实,数字锻炼游戏能有效改善超重儿童内皮功能,受试者经过12周的训练后,其血流介导的舒张功能改善,且与对照组相比差异显著[11]。即使在高脂饮食后,一次视频运动游戏仍可使女性超重青少年血流介导的血管舒张功能(flow-mediated dilation, FMD)显著改善16%[29]。通常而言,高脂饮食后2~6 h血管功能会出现恶化[30],提示高脂饮食后可通过数字锻炼游戏来减轻对血管功能的损害。综上,长期数字锻炼游戏和急性数字锻炼游戏训练均可改善儿童青少年内皮细胞功能,内在机制可能为训练干预过程中增加血流对内皮细胞的剪切力,进而通过增加内皮型一氧化氮合酶的活性[31]以及骨骼肌收缩刺激抗炎细胞因子的释放,改善内皮功能[32]。
此外,Almeida-Ramos等[33]探讨了数字锻炼游戏对超重或肥胖青少年血管微循环的影响,每周3次、持续8周的数字锻炼游戏训练后,超重或肥胖青少年最大血流、充血面积和闭塞后反应性充血有所改善,且与对照组相比差异显著。数字锻炼游戏改善受试者血管微循可能在一定程度上降低动脉粥样硬化等严重心血管疾病的发生风险。
执行功能是在完成复杂的认知任务时对其他认知过程进行控制、调节的高级认知过程[34],患有神经发育障碍类疾病的儿童青少年额叶皮层发育较晚,执行功能普遍较弱[35]。研究已证实数字锻炼游戏是改善此类儿童青少年执行功能的有效方式,患有孤独症谱系障碍或注意缺陷多动障碍的儿童青少年在经过一段时间数字锻炼游戏干预后,执行功能均出现显著改善[36-37]。
数字锻炼游戏同样可以提升健康学前教育儿童执行功能。研究者将4~5岁受试者随机分为数字锻炼游戏组与常规体育活动组,干预前、干预2周和干预4周分别评估抑制控制、认知灵活性、工作记忆等执行功能,结果显示游戏组经过4周训练干预后,受试者抑制控制显著提升,而认知灵活性、工作记忆在2周后显著改善,且与常规体育活动组差异显著[38]。数字锻炼游戏干预过程中,运动强度与认知参与对儿童执行功能改善起到重要作用[39],其中一次性训练执行功能急性提升是运动强度引起的;而长期训练受试者执行功能改善是运动强度与认知参与共同作用的结果,且认知参与的作用大于运动强度[40]。提示在改善儿童青少年执行功能时不仅需要考虑运动强度,同时也要考虑数字锻炼游戏的认知参与因素。
研究已证实数字锻炼游戏可以降低儿童青少年负面情绪。Lee等[41]研究中,134名小学三、四年级学生在30 min的数字锻炼游戏后,抑郁、焦虑负面情绪评分显著改善,原因可能与较强互动性的数字锻炼游戏训练方案促进了神经递质释放有关[42]。此外,该研究还发现干预后活力评分降低,可能是干预过程中运动负荷较高导致的,既往研究已表明过高的运动负荷会导致受试者活力评分降低[43]。
首先,结合儿童青少年年龄和身体发育状况,选择既能锻炼特定运动技能,又符合其理解与接受能力的数字锻炼游戏,如低龄儿童可选择跳绳、舞蹈类游戏练习协调性与节奏感,年龄较大青少年可选择复杂锻炼游戏提升综合能力。其次,不同运动负荷可产生差异化训练刺激,提高训练效果应根据个性化训练目标科学设计不同的运动负荷。例如要提高有氧能力需选择中高运动负荷,改善儿童青少年情绪则选择较低运动负荷。此外,鼓励儿童青少年选择多人游戏模式,与家人、朋友或同学组队运动营造锻炼氛围,增强数字锻炼游戏互动性与趣味性;同时,定期组织数字锻炼游戏比赛提高竞争性,让孩子在竞争中享受运动乐趣,提高锻炼坚持性、培养长期锻炼习惯。最后,家长或教师在儿童青少年数字锻炼游戏过程中进行全面监督,确保运动强度及运动量达到预期标准;同时对技术动作进行科学指导,及时发现错误动作并予以纠正,提高数字锻炼游戏干预效果并避免运动损伤发生。
数字锻炼游戏对改善儿童青少年身体成分、运动能力、肌肉力量与骨密度、心血管健康、执行功能以及情绪等健康状况效果显著。为提高数字锻炼游戏干预效果,可依据个体特征选择合理游戏内容,根据训练目标科学设计运动负荷,营造积极氛围强化锻炼坚持性,通过监督引导提高训练干预效果。
尽管当前已针对数字锻炼游戏进行了大量研究,但此领域仍存在以下局限:(1)随着干预时间延长,部分受试者因新鲜感消退出现参与度下降或中途退出情况,反映出长期参与机制方面尚存挑战;(2)多数数字锻炼游戏依赖专用体感设备、成本较高,在一定程度上限制其普及与应用;(3)目前针对国产数字锻炼游戏有效性相关证据仍需进一步充实。未来可从以下方面进一步深化研究:(1)探索通过游戏内容多样化和沉浸感提升维持长期参与的有效策略;(2)开发对硬件依赖较低、成本更优的数字锻炼方案,并验证其在大规模推广中的适用性与有效性;(3)加强国产数字锻炼游戏的研发与实证研究,为其在健康促进领域的科学应用提供依据。
  • 天津市普通高等学校本科教学质量与教学改革研究计划项目(A231007101);山东第二医科大学教育教学改革与研究课题项目(2023YBD021)
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2025年第46卷第11期
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doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025333
  • 接收时间:2025-07-09
  • 首发时间:2026-11-06
  • 出版时间:2025-11-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-09
  • 修回日期:2025-09-06
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天津市普通高等学校本科教学质量与教学改革研究计划项目(A231007101);山东第二医科大学教育教学改革与研究课题项目(2023YBD021)
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    1天津体育学院运动训练学院,天津 301617
    2山东第二医科大学基础医学院

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
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genus
种数
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species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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