Article(id=1325530668167611068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, issueId=1325530655635039055, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025311, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1744560000000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-14, revisedDate=1750780800000, revisedDateStr=2025-06-25, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793960738459, onlineDateStr=2026-11-06, pubDate=1761321600000, pubDateStr=2025-10-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793960738459, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793960738459, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793960738459, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1325530655635039055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, year='2025', volume='46', issue='10', pageStart='1369', pageEnd='1520', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1761321600000', pubDateStr='2025-10-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793960735472, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793960735472, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1506, endPage=1510, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1325530673213358782, articleId=1325530668167611068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=EN, title=Association between light at night and ocular biometric parameters among preschool children, columnId=1325500884406379444, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of School Health, columnName=Disease Control, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the association between light at night (LAN) of different intensities and ocular biometric parameters among preschool children, so as to provide a reference for optimizing strategies for myopia prevention and control.

Methods

From November 2024 to January 2025, a cross-sectional study was conducted among 369 preschool children from one kindergarten in Quanzhou City, Fujian Province. Questionnaire survey and eye examination were performed, and portable light sensors were used to collect LAN exposure data. Spearman correlation analysis was used to examine the associations between the duration of LAN exposure at different intensities and ocular biometric parameters. Generalized linear model was employed to explore the relationships between LAN duration at various intensities and ocular biometric parameters, while restricted cubic spline was used to investigate potential nonlinear associations.

Results

The spherical equivalent (SE), axial length (AL), and axial length/corneal radius of curvature (AL/CR) for preschool children were 0.38 (-0.13, 0.63) diopters, 22.35 (21.86, 22.88) mm, and 2.86 (2.82, 2.90), respectively. The median daily duration (interquartile ranges) of LAN exposure at intensities of 0, >0-100, >100-300, and >300 lx were 6.09(5.31, 6.74), 1.74(1.13, 2.42), 0.06(0.00, 0.26), 0.00(0.00, 0.00)h/d, respectively. The generalized linear model showed that for every additional hour of LAN at >100-300 lx, the AL/CR increased by 0.26 (95%CI=0.01-0.52); for every additional hour of LAN at >300 lx, AL/CR increased by 0.32 (95%CI=0.05-0.59) (both P < 0.05). No statistically significant associations were observed between SE or AL and LAN exposure at any of the intensity levels (0, >0-100, >100-300, and >300 lx) (all P>0.05). The restricted cubic spline model revealed that, except for the nonlinear relationship between LAN duration and AL at >100-300 lx (P=0.02), all other light intensity levels showed linear correlations between LAN duration and preschool children's SE, AL, and AL/CR (both P>0.05). Time-of-day subgroup analysis revealed that during school days, for every additional hour of LAN at >100-300 lx and over 300 lx, AL/CR increased by 0.18 (95%CI=0.01-0.35) and 0.22 (95%CI=0.03-0.41), respectively (both P < 0.05). However, weekend exposure showed no statistically significant association (all P>0.05).

Conclusion

Higher intensity of LAN is associated with increased AL/CR, and reducing exposure to LAN may have a potential protective effect on the visual health of preschool children.

, authors=Axiang HUANG1, Yizheng ZHANG2, Haojie TONG3, Fangbiao TAO3, 4, authorsList=Axiang HUANG, Yizheng ZHANG, Haojie TONG, Fangbiao TAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Chinese Journal of School Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1325530678674342592, articleId=1325530668167611068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=CN, title=夜间光照和学龄前儿童眼生物参数的关联, columnId=1325500884628677558, journalTitle=中国学校卫生, columnName=疾病控制, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探究不同光照强度的夜间光照(LAN)与学龄前儿童眼生物参数的关联,为优化儿童近视预防和控制策略提供参考依据。

方法

于2024年11月—2025年1月,采用普查方法选取福建省泉州市1所幼儿园共369名学龄前儿童进行问卷调查和眼部检查,采用便携式光传感设备收集LAN数据。通过Spearman相关性分析探索不同强度的LAN时长与眼生物参数的相关性,广义线性模型探究各强度的LAN时长与眼生物参数的关联,限制性立方样条探究二者间非线性关联。

结果

学龄前儿童等效球镜(SE)、眼轴长度(AL)、眼轴长度与角膜曲率半径比值(AL/CR)分别为0.38(-0.13, 0.63)D,22.35(21.86, 22.88)mm,2.86(2.82, 2.90)。儿童在LAN处于0,>0~100,>100~300和>300 lx的时长中位数分别为6.09(5.31, 6.74),1.74(1.13, 2.42),0.06(0.00, 0.26)和0.00(0.00, 0.00)h/d。广义线性模型显示,>100~300 lx的LAN每增加1 h,AL/CR增加0.26(95%CI=0.01~0.52),>300 lx的LAN每增加1 h,AL/CR增加0.32(95%CI=0.05~0.59)(P值均 < 0.05);SE和AL与0,>0~100,>100~300和>300 lx各水平的LAN相关性均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。限制性立方样条函数的模型显示,除在>100~300 lx的LAN时长与AL之间存在非线性关系(P=0.02)外,其他光照强度水平下的LAN时长与学龄前儿童SE、AL、AL/CR均呈线性关系(P值均>0.05)。按时间分类进行亚组分析表明,上学日期间>100~300和>300 lx的LAN时长增加1 h,AL/CR分别增加0.18(95%CI=0.01~0.35)和0.22(95%CI=0.03~0.41)(P值均 < 0.05);而周末其关联无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。

结论

较高强度的LAN与学龄前儿童AL/CR增长相关,减少LAN暴露对学龄前儿童视力具有潜在保护作用。

, authors=黄阿香1, 张亦铮2, 童浩杰3, 陶芳标3, 4, authorsList=黄阿香, 张亦铮, 童浩杰, 陶芳标, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

黄阿香(1974-),女,泉州南安人,大学本科,正高级教师,主要研究方向为幼儿园课程、幼儿园管理、教师队伍建设

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黄阿香(1974-),女,泉州南安人,大学本科,正高级教师,主要研究方向为幼儿园课程、幼儿园管理、教师队伍建设

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Linear model analysis of association between LAN and ocular parameters among preschool children(n=369)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
LAN强度/lxSEALAL/CR
β值(95%CI)P值β值(95%CI)P值β值(95%CI)P值
0-0.63(-3.01~1.75)0.600.55(-1.99~3.09)0.670.25(-0.01~0.50)0.06
>0~100-0.59(-2.97~1.80)0.630.51(-2.04~3.05)0.700.25(-0.01~0.50)0.06
>100~300-0.75(-3.14~1.64)0.540.64(-1.92~3.19)0.630.26(0.01~0.52)0.05
>300-0.03(-2.57~2.50)0.980.47(-2.23~3.18)0.730.32(0.05~0.59)0.02
), ArticleFig(id=1325530707581485801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530668167611068, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

LAN强度与学龄前儿童眼部参数关联的线性模型分析(n=369)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
LAN强度/lxSEALAL/CR
β值(95%CI)P值β值(95%CI)P值β值(95%CI)P值
0-0.63(-3.01~1.75)0.600.55(-1.99~3.09)0.670.25(-0.01~0.50)0.06
>0~100-0.59(-2.97~1.80)0.630.51(-2.04~3.05)0.700.25(-0.01~0.50)0.06
>100~300-0.75(-3.14~1.64)0.540.64(-1.92~3.19)0.630.26(0.01~0.52)0.05
>300-0.03(-2.57~2.50)0.980.47(-2.23~3.18)0.730.32(0.05~0.59)0.02
), ArticleFig(id=1325530707975750378, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530668167611068, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Time and sex stratified analysis of the association between LAN and ocular parameters among preschool children(n=369)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分层变量LAN强度/lxSEALAL/CR
β值(95%CI)P值β值(95%CI)P值β值(95%CI)P值
时间上学日
  0-0.41(-2.00~1.18)0.610.30(-1.38~1.99)0.720.16(-0.01~0.33)0.06
  >0~100-0.37(-1.96~1.22)0.650.24(-1.45~1.93)0.780.16(-0.01~0.33)0.06
  >100~300-0.51(-2.11~1.08)0.530.40(-1.29~2.10)0.640.18(0.01~0.35)0.04
  >300-0.05(-1.76~1.87)0.950.20(-1.72~2.13)0.840.22(0.03~0.41)0.03
周末
  0-0.35(-0.99~0.30)0.29-0.02(-0.70~0.68)0.97-0.05(-0.12~0.02)0.27
  >0~100-0.32(-0.96~0.33)0.340.01(-0.68~0.70)0.98-0.05(-0.12~0.02)0.18
  >100~300-0.43(-1.09~0.23)0.210.03(-0.68~0.74)0.94-0.04(-0.11~0.03)0.25
  >300------
性别男童
  0-2.67(-6.78~1.45)0.212.93(-2.10~7.97)0.250.26(-0.25~0.77)0.32
  >0~100-2.67(-6.79~1.46)0.212.88(-2.16~7.92)0.260.26(-0.25~0.77)0.32
  >100~300-2.93(-7.07~1.20)0.173.11(-1.94~8.16)0.230.28(-0.23~0.79)0.29
  >300-0.95(-5.48~3.59)0.683.34(-2.20~8.89)0.240.49(-0.07~1.05)0.11
女童
  0-2.67(-6.78~1.45)0.212.93(-2.10~7.97)0.250.26(-0.25~0.77)0.32
  >0~100-2.67(-6.79~1.46)0.212.88(-2.16~7.92)0.260.26(-0.25~0.77)0.32
  >100~300-2.93(-7.07~1.20)0.173.11(-1.94~8.16)0.230.28(-0.23~0.79)0.29
  >300-0.93(-5.48~3.59)0.683.34(-2.20~8.89)0.240.49(-0.07~1.05)0.09
), ArticleFig(id=1325530708357432043, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530668167611068, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

LAN与学龄前儿童眼部参数关联的时间与性别分层分析(n=369)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分层变量LAN强度/lxSEALAL/CR
β值(95%CI)P值β值(95%CI)P值β值(95%CI)P值
时间上学日
  0-0.41(-2.00~1.18)0.610.30(-1.38~1.99)0.720.16(-0.01~0.33)0.06
  >0~100-0.37(-1.96~1.22)0.650.24(-1.45~1.93)0.780.16(-0.01~0.33)0.06
  >100~300-0.51(-2.11~1.08)0.530.40(-1.29~2.10)0.640.18(0.01~0.35)0.04
  >300-0.05(-1.76~1.87)0.950.20(-1.72~2.13)0.840.22(0.03~0.41)0.03
周末
  0-0.35(-0.99~0.30)0.29-0.02(-0.70~0.68)0.97-0.05(-0.12~0.02)0.27
  >0~100-0.32(-0.96~0.33)0.340.01(-0.68~0.70)0.98-0.05(-0.12~0.02)0.18
  >100~300-0.43(-1.09~0.23)0.210.03(-0.68~0.74)0.94-0.04(-0.11~0.03)0.25
  >300------
性别男童
  0-2.67(-6.78~1.45)0.212.93(-2.10~7.97)0.250.26(-0.25~0.77)0.32
  >0~100-2.67(-6.79~1.46)0.212.88(-2.16~7.92)0.260.26(-0.25~0.77)0.32
  >100~300-2.93(-7.07~1.20)0.173.11(-1.94~8.16)0.230.28(-0.23~0.79)0.29
  >300-0.95(-5.48~3.59)0.683.34(-2.20~8.89)0.240.49(-0.07~1.05)0.11
女童
  0-2.67(-6.78~1.45)0.212.93(-2.10~7.97)0.250.26(-0.25~0.77)0.32
  >0~100-2.67(-6.79~1.46)0.212.88(-2.16~7.92)0.260.26(-0.25~0.77)0.32
  >100~300-2.93(-7.07~1.20)0.173.11(-1.94~8.16)0.230.28(-0.23~0.79)0.29
  >300-0.93(-5.48~3.59)0.683.34(-2.20~8.89)0.240.49(-0.07~1.05)0.09
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夜间光照和学龄前儿童眼生物参数的关联
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黄阿香 1 , 张亦铮 2 , 童浩杰 3 , 陶芳标 3, 4
中国学校卫生 | 疾病控制 2025,46(10): 1506-1510
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中国学校卫生 |疾病控制 2025 , 46 (10) : 1506 -1510
夜间光照和学龄前儿童眼生物参数的关联
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黄阿香1, 张亦铮2, 童浩杰3, 陶芳标3, 4
作者信息
  • 1福建省泉州幼儿师范学校附属幼儿园,362000
  • 2泉州幼儿师范高等专科学校
  • 3安徽医科大学公共卫生学院儿少卫生与妇幼保健学系
  • 4出生人口健康教育部重点实验室/安徽省环境与人口健康重点实验室
作者简介:

黄阿香(1974-),女,泉州南安人,大学本科,正高级教师,主要研究方向为幼儿园课程、幼儿园管理、教师队伍建设

Association between light at night and ocular biometric parameters among preschool children
Axiang HUANG1, Yizheng ZHANG2, Haojie TONG3, Fangbiao TAO3, 4
Affiliations
  • 1Affiliated Kindergarten of Quanzhou Children Normal School, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China
出版时间: 2025-10-25 doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025311
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目的

探究不同光照强度的夜间光照(LAN)与学龄前儿童眼生物参数的关联,为优化儿童近视预防和控制策略提供参考依据。

方法

于2024年11月—2025年1月,采用普查方法选取福建省泉州市1所幼儿园共369名学龄前儿童进行问卷调查和眼部检查,采用便携式光传感设备收集LAN数据。通过Spearman相关性分析探索不同强度的LAN时长与眼生物参数的相关性,广义线性模型探究各强度的LAN时长与眼生物参数的关联,限制性立方样条探究二者间非线性关联。

结果

学龄前儿童等效球镜(SE)、眼轴长度(AL)、眼轴长度与角膜曲率半径比值(AL/CR)分别为0.38(-0.13, 0.63)D,22.35(21.86, 22.88)mm,2.86(2.82, 2.90)。儿童在LAN处于0,>0~100,>100~300和>300 lx的时长中位数分别为6.09(5.31, 6.74),1.74(1.13, 2.42),0.06(0.00, 0.26)和0.00(0.00, 0.00)h/d。广义线性模型显示,>100~300 lx的LAN每增加1 h,AL/CR增加0.26(95%CI=0.01~0.52),>300 lx的LAN每增加1 h,AL/CR增加0.32(95%CI=0.05~0.59)(P值均 < 0.05);SE和AL与0,>0~100,>100~300和>300 lx各水平的LAN相关性均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。限制性立方样条函数的模型显示,除在>100~300 lx的LAN时长与AL之间存在非线性关系(P=0.02)外,其他光照强度水平下的LAN时长与学龄前儿童SE、AL、AL/CR均呈线性关系(P值均>0.05)。按时间分类进行亚组分析表明,上学日期间>100~300和>300 lx的LAN时长增加1 h,AL/CR分别增加0.18(95%CI=0.01~0.35)和0.22(95%CI=0.03~0.41)(P值均 < 0.05);而周末其关联无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。

结论

较高强度的LAN与学龄前儿童AL/CR增长相关,减少LAN暴露对学龄前儿童视力具有潜在保护作用。

光  /  环境暴露  /  眼  /  儿童,学龄前
Objective

To explore the association between light at night (LAN) of different intensities and ocular biometric parameters among preschool children, so as to provide a reference for optimizing strategies for myopia prevention and control.

Methods

From November 2024 to January 2025, a cross-sectional study was conducted among 369 preschool children from one kindergarten in Quanzhou City, Fujian Province. Questionnaire survey and eye examination were performed, and portable light sensors were used to collect LAN exposure data. Spearman correlation analysis was used to examine the associations between the duration of LAN exposure at different intensities and ocular biometric parameters. Generalized linear model was employed to explore the relationships between LAN duration at various intensities and ocular biometric parameters, while restricted cubic spline was used to investigate potential nonlinear associations.

Results

The spherical equivalent (SE), axial length (AL), and axial length/corneal radius of curvature (AL/CR) for preschool children were 0.38 (-0.13, 0.63) diopters, 22.35 (21.86, 22.88) mm, and 2.86 (2.82, 2.90), respectively. The median daily duration (interquartile ranges) of LAN exposure at intensities of 0, >0-100, >100-300, and >300 lx were 6.09(5.31, 6.74), 1.74(1.13, 2.42), 0.06(0.00, 0.26), 0.00(0.00, 0.00)h/d, respectively. The generalized linear model showed that for every additional hour of LAN at >100-300 lx, the AL/CR increased by 0.26 (95%CI=0.01-0.52); for every additional hour of LAN at >300 lx, AL/CR increased by 0.32 (95%CI=0.05-0.59) (both P < 0.05). No statistically significant associations were observed between SE or AL and LAN exposure at any of the intensity levels (0, >0-100, >100-300, and >300 lx) (all P>0.05). The restricted cubic spline model revealed that, except for the nonlinear relationship between LAN duration and AL at >100-300 lx (P=0.02), all other light intensity levels showed linear correlations between LAN duration and preschool children's SE, AL, and AL/CR (both P>0.05). Time-of-day subgroup analysis revealed that during school days, for every additional hour of LAN at >100-300 lx and over 300 lx, AL/CR increased by 0.18 (95%CI=0.01-0.35) and 0.22 (95%CI=0.03-0.41), respectively (both P < 0.05). However, weekend exposure showed no statistically significant association (all P>0.05).

Conclusion

Higher intensity of LAN is associated with increased AL/CR, and reducing exposure to LAN may have a potential protective effect on the visual health of preschool children.

Light  /  Environmental exposure  /  Eye  /  Child, preschool
黄阿香, 张亦铮, 童浩杰, 陶芳标. 夜间光照和学龄前儿童眼生物参数的关联. 中国学校卫生, 2025 , 46 (10) : 1506 -1510 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025311
Axiang HUANG, Yizheng ZHANG, Haojie TONG, Fangbiao TAO. Association between light at night and ocular biometric parameters among preschool children[J]. Chinese Journal of School Health, 2025 , 46 (10) : 1506 -1510 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025311
近视是一个重要的全球公共卫生问题,预计在2050年将影响全球50%的人口[1]。中国是近视问题最为严重的国家之一,儿童青少年近视率预计在2050年将达到71.9%[2]。近视不仅会导致终生的视力不良和高昂的医疗费用,且会增加患白内障、青光眼甚至失明等眼部并发症的风险[3-4]。考虑到中国老龄化趋势和儿童近视的高流行率,眼健康问题可能会导致沉重的医疗负担[5-7]。研究发现,近视与光照关系密切,充足的日间光照有利于预防近视[8],但夜间光照(light at night, LAN)与近视的关联仍不清晰。部分研究表明,LAN与更高的近视风险相关[9-10],有研究通过卫星遥感数据评估了区域的户外LAN暴露水平,发现户外LAN暴露水平与近视相关[11]。但现有研究存在明显局限,基于问卷调查获取的资料具有较高的信息偏倚风险,而基于卫星数据的生态学研究容易受到混杂因素的干扰。本研究通过光传感设备评估个体LAN暴露情况,旨在探究LAN暴露与学龄前儿童眼参数的横断面关联,从而优化儿童目前的近视预防和控制策略。
2024年11月—2025年1月,采用普查方法选取福建省泉州市1所幼儿园内共526名学龄前儿童作为研究对象。排除157名患有眼部或全身性疾病、存在既往近视治疗控制史、不配合调查、暴露和结局数据不完整的参与者,最终共纳入369名参与者。其中男童214名(57.99%),女童155名(42.01%),参与者的年龄中位数为5(4,6)岁。在调查前经过了所有参与者家长的知情同意,且通过安徽医科大学生物医学伦理委员会批准(批号:82240106)。
使用自动验光仪(拓普康KR-800,Topcon)进行非睫状肌麻痹验光,进行3次测量取平均值,并计算等效球镜(spherical equivalent, SE)。使用眼部生物测量仪(IOLMaster 500, Zeiss)进行眼轴长度、水平和垂直角膜曲率等眼生理指标的测量。每只眼测量3次,若任2次测量间的差值大于0.05 mm,则重复该过程,直到差值低于该值。计算平均角膜曲率、角膜曲率半径(cormeal radius of curvature, CR)、眼轴长度(axial length, AL)与角膜曲率半径比值(AL/CR)。SE=球镜度数+1/2柱镜度数,AL/CR=眼轴长度/角膜曲率半径。
使用便携式光传感设备(HOBO Pendant MX2022, Onset)采集个体的LAN数据。在父母的指导下,睡觉前将设备以正面、水平摆放在枕头边,确保无遮挡、稳定,并与眼睛平行。光学传感器以60 s为间隔,实时记录从当晚21:00到次日5:00的光暴露数据,数据自动上传到云盘以保存数据。LAN监测连续测量7 d。计算4个光照强度下的LAN时长,分别是0,>0~100,>100~300和>300 lx。在进行光照监测前,所有参与者、家长和教师均经过培训,掌握光检测设备的正确使用方式,且需要家长每天对监测情况进行自我报告,由各班级的老师和研究人员通过在线平台进行管理和监督。最后对LAN数据异常的参与者额外进行一周的光照评估,以尽可能收集完整、准确的资料。
使用经过专家多次讨论和修订的自编学龄前儿童视力健康调查问卷,考虑到学龄前儿童的认知能力有限,由其家长进行问卷填写。问卷调查收集了被试的人口统计学资料,包括儿童年龄和性别、民族、父母视力情况、居住地等。儿童在校外期间的各类身体活动时长,包括户外活动、使用电子设备、其他近距离用眼行为、午睡时长、夜间睡眠、儿童在关灯后是否继续使用电子产品等。
LAN监测连续测量7 d,考虑到数据的完整性,排除了回收传感器当天夜晚的数据。对回收后的数据进行严格的质量控制,并对异常数据进行补测,有以下任一情况,当日的数据即视为无效:(1)整个监测期间所有测量点的光照强度均为0;(2)整个测量期间最大的时点光照强度大于500 lx,该光强度阈值是根据常见的室内人工照明类型的最大强度制定的,以避免异常数据纳入。
由于连续变量不满足正态分布,故采用M(P25, P75)表示。分类变量表示为频率和百分比。采用Spearman相关性分析探索不同强度的LAN暴露时长与眼生物参数的相关性及其方向。使用调整的广义线性模型来研究不同强度的LAN暴露时长与眼生物参数的具体关联,并使用限制性立方样条函数(节点=3)探究两者之间可能的非线性关联。模型调整了社会人口学变量(年龄、性别、父母近视)和生活方式因素(近距离工作时长、使用电子产品时长、午睡时间和夜间睡眠时长、关灯后是否继续使用电子产品); 考虑到不同性别之间的生物学差异,以及周末和学习日的生活习惯差异,对性别和时间进行了分层分析。此外,进行了一系列敏感性分析以验证结果的稳健性。所有分析均使用R 4.2.0软件进行,双侧检验水准α=0.05。
儿童每天午睡、使用电子产品、近距离用眼、夜晚睡眠时长分别为2.36(2.21, 2.36),0.64(0.00, 1.07),1.14(0.64, 1.57),9.64(9.33, 9.96)h。儿童SE、AL、AL/CR分别为0.38(-0.13, 0.63)D,22.35(21.86, 22.88)mm,2.86(2.82, 2.90)。每天处于0 lx LAN环境的时长中位数为6.09(5.31,6.74)h,处于>0~100 lx LAN环境的时长为1.74(1.13,2.42)h,处于>100~300 lx LAN环境的时长为0.06(0.00,0.26)h,处于>300 lx LAN环境的时长为0.00(0.00,0.00)h。
对各协变量进行调整后的广义线性模型显示,>100~300 lx的LAN环境每增加1 h,AL/CR增加0.26(95%CI=0.01~0.52),>300 lx的LAN环境每增加1 h,AL/CR增加0.32(95%CI=0.05~0.59)(P值均 < 0.05);但在处于0和>0~100 lx的LAN环境下,该关联无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。学龄前儿童SE和AL与各水平的LAN时长相关性无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。见表1。
在控制混杂变量后,限制性立方样条函数的模型显示,除在>100~300 lx的LAN时长与AL之间存在非线性关系(P=0.02)外,其他光照强度水平下的LAN时长与学龄前儿童SE、AL、AL/CR均呈现线性关系(P值均>0.05)。
按时间分类进行亚组分析表明,上学日期间的LAN和学龄前儿童眼部参数的关联与未进行亚组分析的广义线性模型方向一致,>100~300和>300 lx的LAN时长增加1 h,AL/CR分别增加0.18(95%CI=0.01~0.35)和0.22(95%CI=0.03~0.41)(P值均 < 0.05);但在周末其关联无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。按性别分层后,该关联均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。见表2。
光照与儿童近视的关联密切,日间户外活动不足已被证实为近视病因之一[12],但LAN与近视的关联始终存在争议。早期研究发现LAN与儿童近视有关[9-10],但这些研究由于自我报告的回忆偏移而受到质疑,甚至有研究得出了不同的结论[13]。近期有学者通过光学传感器客观评估环境光照,发现近视儿童比非近视儿童在昏暗环境的时间更少[14],另一项基于卫星遥感数据评估环境光照的研究发现LAN与近视患病相关[11]。本研究基于高精度光照度计评估个体在连续一周内的客观LAN暴露,分析了LAN暴露和学龄前儿童近视相关的多个眼参数的关联,发现较高的LAN暴露与AL/CR增加相关,且在一系列敏感性检验中被证明具有良好的稳定性,但与SE、AL无关。提示LAN暴露和近视可能存在复杂关联。
本研究发现,LAN可能影响眼球的屈光调节。眼屈光依赖于角膜和晶状体的屈光力与AL调节[15]。AL是决定眼睛屈光状态的重要指标,儿童近视的主要类型是由于AL过度伸长所导致的轴性近视。眼睛光学元件的大部分代偿调整涉及AL和CR之间的相互作用[15]。角膜弯曲通常在3岁后稳定下来,此时轻度远视的眼睛通过增加AL以匹配CR来代偿,但由于AL的过度增加,眼睛由正视发展为近视[15-16]。虽然未发现LAN与近视相关,但提示了LAN可能影响AL与CR代偿调节而对近视有潜在风险。另一方面,有研究证明了AL、AL/CR与SE的相关性,其中近视与AL/CR之间的关联最强[15-18],预测了LAN与未来的潜在近视风险相关,且需要进一步的研究。
LAN与儿童视力发育之间关联的实际机制可能涉及多条途径。一方面,眼睛具备复杂的内源性节律和完整的内态昼夜节律系统,与下丘脑视交叉上核中的昼夜节律主钟协调,维持身体的生物节律与环境的昼夜周期同步,LAN可能导致内源性眼部昼夜节律失调从而影响正常的昼夜节律,导致视力异常[19-20]。全基因组关联研究表明,昼夜节律相关基因与近视的发展有关[21]。褪黑素是人体昼夜节律重要的标志物,其浓度水平呈现显著昼夜变化,且对昼夜作息变化敏感[22]。研究表明近视人群的血清褪黑素浓度低于非近视人群[23]。另一方面,LAN暴露可能伴随着近距离用眼、使用电子设备行为,两者均是近视的独立风险因素[24-26]。本研究发现较高强度LAN单独与AL/CR相关,提示LAN可能通过AL/CR对屈光发育造成影响,也提示眼睛的AL和CR生物力学作用对屈光状态的影响存在滞后性,为进一步研究LAN对近视的影响提供了方向。
此外,LAN与AL/CR的关联只在学习日期间观察到,可能是由于学龄前儿童行为模式的影响。在学习日,由于儿童完成家庭作业,导致接触LAN环境的概率增加。另一方面,可能是由于学习日期间,在校内密集的近距离用眼行为增加了近视风险,而高估了LAN的影响。还需要进一步探究LAN与AL/CR关联的时间差异。按性别进行分层后,未观察到LAN与AL/CR之间的关联,可能是样本量有限导致。有研究发现,女生的LAN暴露水平更高,与本研究结果一致,提示女生更容易接触到LAN[27],需要重点关注。
本研究也有一定的局限性。(1)研究作为横断面研究,无法判断LAN和眼参数的因果关联。(2)受限于父母对散瞳验光配合意愿和可实施性而采用了非散瞳验光。(3)近距离用眼和使用电子设备可能是潜在的混杂因素。LAN往往是由于使用电子设备时产生的灯光,或伴随着近距离用眼; 虽然通过家长自我报告了孩子使用电子产品和近距离用眼时长,以及夜间使用电子产品的情况来对结果进行了调整,但不可避免会存在误差。(4)研究结果受限于样本量和单中心的限制,未来的研究将从增加样本量和开展多中心研究来提高结果的普遍性。
  • 2024年度福建省基础教育课程教学研究课题项目(MJYKT2024-003)
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2025年第46卷第10期
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doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025311
  • 接收时间:2025-04-14
  • 首发时间:2026-11-06
  • 出版时间:2025-10-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-14
  • 修回日期:2025-06-25
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2024年度福建省基础教育课程教学研究课题项目(MJYKT2024-003)
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    1福建省泉州幼儿师范学校附属幼儿园,362000
    2泉州幼儿师范高等专科学校
    3安徽医科大学公共卫生学院儿少卫生与妇幼保健学系
    4出生人口健康教育部重点实验室/安徽省环境与人口健康重点实验室
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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