Article(id=1325531428959834495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, issueId=1325530655635039055, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025307, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1751385600000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-02, revisedDate=1757433600000, revisedDateStr=2025-09-10, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793960919846, onlineDateStr=2026-11-06, pubDate=1761321600000, pubDateStr=2025-10-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793960919846, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793960919846, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793960919846, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1325530655635039055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, year='2025', volume='46', issue='10', pageStart='1369', pageEnd='1520', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1761321600000', pubDateStr='2025-10-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793960735472, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793960735472, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1459, endPage=1464, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1325531438636093825, articleId=1325531428959834495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=EN, title=Association of depressive and anxiety symptoms with physical activity patterns in boarding and non-boarding high school students, columnId=1259565855189418448, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of School Health, columnName=Mental Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To examine differences in depressive and anxiety symptoms between boarding and non-boarding high school students and their associations with physical activity (PA) patterns, so as to provide evidence to inform adolescent mental-health promotion.

Methods

From October to December 2024, a convenience sample of 11 782 students aged 15-18 years was recruited from 36 schools in Nanchang, Ganzhou, and Shangrao of Jiangxi Province. Depressive and anxiety symptoms and PA were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and International Physical Activity Questionary Short Form (IPAQ-SF). Logistic regression model was used to examine associations between PA patterns, depressive and anxiety symptoms among boarding and non-boarding students.

Results

The detection rates of depressive symptoms were 45.7% and 46.4% among boarding and non-boarding students, respectively; for anxiety symptoms, the corresponding rates were 43.0% and 46.7%. Boarding and non-boarding students differed significantly in smoking status, screen time, sleep duration, sedentary time, daily vegetable intake, and napping (χ2=16.74-664.17, all P < 0.01). Across PA pattern groups, the detection rates of depressive and anxiety symptoms differed significantly between boarding and non-boarding students (χdepression2=23.85, χanxiety2=22.78, both P < 0.01). Adjusted for confounding factors, Logistic regression analysis of high school students showed that compared with the not meeting PA recommendations, both the concentrated and regular PA pattern were associated with lower odds of depressive symptoms [OR(95%CI)=0.83(0.70-0.98), 0.90(0.83-0.98)]; and the concentrated pattern was also associated with lower odds of anxiety symptoms [OR(95%CI)=0.78(0.65-0.92)], and the association of anxiety symptoms in concentrated boarding students was consistent with that of the overall group [OR(95%CI)=0.71(0.52-0.98)] (all P < 0.05). Conclusions There is a correlation of different physical activity patterns with depressive and anxiety symptoms among boarding and non-boarding high school students. Schools should ensure students engage in regular physical activity and work to increase overall activity volume.

, authors=Chen WANG1, Aiqin LI2, Shuaicheng LUO1, Jian XIN3, Maolin YANG4, Juncheng ZHU*, 4, authorsList=Chen WANG, Aiqin LI, Shuaicheng LUO, Jian XIN, Maolin YANG, Juncheng ZHU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Juncheng ZHU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Chinese Journal of School Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1325531452615709058, articleId=1325531428959834495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=CN, title=寄宿与非寄宿高中生抑郁焦虑症状与身体活动模式的关联, columnId=1259565858817491410, journalTitle=中国学校卫生, columnName=心理卫生, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探讨寄宿与非寄宿高中生抑郁焦虑症状差异及其与身体活动模式的关系,为促进高中生心理健康提供科学依据。

方法

2024年10—12月,采用方便抽样方法选取江西省南昌市、赣州市和上饶市3地36所学校的11 782名15~18岁高中生为研究对象,采用患者健康量表(PHQ-9)、广泛性焦虑量表(GAD-7)和国际体力活动问卷中文版短卷(IPAQ-SF)评估学生抑郁、焦虑及身体活动情况。采用Logistic回归探讨寄宿与非寄宿学生身体活动模式与抑郁焦虑症状的关系。

结果

寄宿生与非寄宿生抑郁症状检出率分别为45.7%和46.4%;焦虑症状检出率分别为43.0%和46.7%。寄宿生与非寄宿生吸烟、每天视屏时长、每天睡眠时长、每天久坐时长、每天吃蔬菜和午睡报告率差异均有统计学意义(χ2=16.74~664.17,P值均 < 0.01)。不同身体活动模式组间寄宿生与非寄宿生抑郁焦虑症状检出率差异均有统计学意义(χ抑郁2=23.85,χ焦虑2=22.78,P值均 < 0.01)。调整相关混杂因素后,高中生总体Logistic回归分析结果显示,与身体活动模式未达标组相比,集中型和规律型的学生抑郁症状风险均下降[OR值(95%CI)分别为0.83(0.70~0.98)和0.90(0.83~0.98)];集中型的学生焦虑症状风险更低[OR值(95%CI)=0.78(0.65~0.92)],集中型寄宿生焦虑症状风险与总体一致[OR值(95%CI)=0.71(0.52~0.98)](P值均 < 0.05)。

结论

寄宿与非寄宿高中生不同身体活动模式与抑郁焦虑症状存在关联。学校应在保持规律适度身体活动的基础上,加强学生身体活动量。

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王晨(1996-),女,山东青岛人,硕士,讲师,主要研究方向为青少年体质健康促进

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朱君成,E-mail:
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Comparison of lifestyle behaviors, depressive, anxiety symptoms and physical activity profile between boarding and non-boarding high school students

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量寄宿生(n=6 842)非寄宿生(n=4 940)χ2值P值
吸烟544(8.0)258(5.2)33.66< 0.01
饮酒968(14.1)687(13.9)0.140.71
每周较规律吃早餐5 839(85.3)4 237(85.8)0.430.51
每天吃蔬菜6 035(56.6)4 632(43.4)103.50< 0.01
每天午睡4 327(63.2)2 937(59.5)17.41< 0.01
有抑郁症状3 127(45.7)2 292(46.4)0.560.46
有焦虑症状2 939(43.0)2 309(46.7)16.64< 0.01
中高强度运动规律2 738(40.0)2 495(50.5)127.83< 0.01
中高强度身体活动充足2 722(39.8)1 885(38.2)3.180.07
每天视屏时长/h
   < 21 219(17.8)1 793(36.3)664.17< 0.01
  2~42 192(32.0)1 664(33.7)
  >43 431(50.2)1 483(30.0)
每天睡眠时长/h
   < 71 033(15.1)1 345(27.2)285.93< 0.01
  7~95 222(76.3)3 340(67.6)
  >9587(8.6)255(5.2)
每天久坐时长/h
   < 61 144(16.7)694(14.1)16.74< 0.01
  6~81 838(26.9)1 326(26.8)
  >83 860(56.4)2 920(59.1)
身体活动模式
  未达标4 120(60.2)3 055(61.8)41.65< 0.01
  集中型464(6.8)198(4.0)
  规律型2 258(33.0)1 687(34.2)
), ArticleFig(id=1325531503584891325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325531428959834495, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

行为方式特征、抑郁焦虑症状及身体活动状况在寄宿与非寄宿高中生间比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量寄宿生(n=6 842)非寄宿生(n=4 940)χ2值P值
吸烟544(8.0)258(5.2)33.66< 0.01
饮酒968(14.1)687(13.9)0.140.71
每周较规律吃早餐5 839(85.3)4 237(85.8)0.430.51
每天吃蔬菜6 035(56.6)4 632(43.4)103.50< 0.01
每天午睡4 327(63.2)2 937(59.5)17.41< 0.01
有抑郁症状3 127(45.7)2 292(46.4)0.560.46
有焦虑症状2 939(43.0)2 309(46.7)16.64< 0.01
中高强度运动规律2 738(40.0)2 495(50.5)127.83< 0.01
中高强度身体活动充足2 722(39.8)1 885(38.2)3.180.07
每天视屏时长/h
   < 21 219(17.8)1 793(36.3)664.17< 0.01
  2~42 192(32.0)1 664(33.7)
  >43 431(50.2)1 483(30.0)
每天睡眠时长/h
   < 71 033(15.1)1 345(27.2)285.93< 0.01
  7~95 222(76.3)3 340(67.6)
  >9587(8.6)255(5.2)
每天久坐时长/h
   < 61 144(16.7)694(14.1)16.74< 0.01
  6~81 838(26.9)1 326(26.8)
  >83 860(56.4)2 920(59.1)
身体活动模式
  未达标4 120(60.2)3 055(61.8)41.65< 0.01
  集中型464(6.8)198(4.0)
  规律型2 258(33.0)1 687(34.2)
), ArticleFig(id=1325531504524415422, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325531428959834495, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Associations of depressive and anxiety symptoms with physical activity patterns among boarding and non-boarding high school students

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因变量身体活动模式寄宿生(n=6 842)非寄宿生(n=4 940)总体(n=11 782)
β值OR值(95%CI)P值β值OR值(95%CI)P值β值OR值(95%CI)P值
抑郁症状未达标1.001.001.00
集中型-0.160.85(0.69~1.05)0.13-0.270.77(0.56~1.05)0.09-0.190.83(0.70~0.98)0.03
规律型-0.090.91(0.81~1.02)0.10-0.130.88(0.78~1.00)0.06-0.110.90(0.83~0.98)0.01
焦虑症状未达标1.001.001.00
集中型-0.200.82(0.66~1.01)0.06-0.340.71(0.52~0.98)0.04-0.250.78(0.65~0.92)< 0.01
规律型-0.060.95(0.85~1.06)0.33-0.100.90(0.79~1.03)0.12-0.070.93(0.85~1.01)0.09
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寄宿与非寄宿高中生抑郁、焦虑症状与身体活动模式的关联

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因变量身体活动模式寄宿生(n=6 842)非寄宿生(n=4 940)总体(n=11 782)
β值OR值(95%CI)P值β值OR值(95%CI)P值β值OR值(95%CI)P值
抑郁症状未达标1.001.001.00
集中型-0.160.85(0.69~1.05)0.13-0.270.77(0.56~1.05)0.09-0.190.83(0.70~0.98)0.03
规律型-0.090.91(0.81~1.02)0.10-0.130.88(0.78~1.00)0.06-0.110.90(0.83~0.98)0.01
焦虑症状未达标1.001.001.00
集中型-0.200.82(0.66~1.01)0.06-0.340.71(0.52~0.98)0.04-0.250.78(0.65~0.92)< 0.01
规律型-0.060.95(0.85~1.06)0.33-0.100.90(0.79~1.03)0.12-0.070.93(0.85~1.01)0.09
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Stratified analysis of household registration of the associations between physical activity patterns and depressive/anxiety symptoms among boarding and non-boarding high school students

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户籍身体活动模式抑郁症状焦虑症状
β值OR值(95%CI)P值β值OR值(95%CI)P值
城镇寄宿生规律型-0.130.88(0.81~0.96)< 0.01-0.270.77(0.61~0.96)0.02
(n=1 651)集中型-0.200.82(0.69~0.97)0.02-0.440.64(0.41~1.01)0.05
未达标1.001.00
城镇非寄宿生规律型-0.140.87(0.71~1.07)0.18-0.190.83(0.68~1.02)0.08
(n=1 935)集中型-0.080.92(0.54~1.58)0.77-0.310.74(0.43~1.27)0.27
未达标1.001.00
农村寄宿生规律型-0.100.91(0.80~1.03)0.12-0.010.99(0.87~1.12)0.83
(n=5 191)集中型-0.090.91(0.72~1.15)0.43-0.160.85(0.67~1.08)0.18
未达标1.001.00
农村非寄宿生规律型-0.110.90(0.76~1.06)0.20-0.020.98(0.83~1.15)0.78
(n=3 005)集中型-0.380.69(0.47~1.00)0.05-0.380.69(0.47~1.01)0.06
未达标1.001.00
), ArticleFig(id=1325531508316066241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325531428959834495, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同户籍寄宿与非寄宿高中生抑郁、焦虑症状与身体活动模式的分层分析

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户籍身体活动模式抑郁症状焦虑症状
β值OR值(95%CI)P值β值OR值(95%CI)P值
城镇寄宿生规律型-0.130.88(0.81~0.96)< 0.01-0.270.77(0.61~0.96)0.02
(n=1 651)集中型-0.200.82(0.69~0.97)0.02-0.440.64(0.41~1.01)0.05
未达标1.001.00
城镇非寄宿生规律型-0.140.87(0.71~1.07)0.18-0.190.83(0.68~1.02)0.08
(n=1 935)集中型-0.080.92(0.54~1.58)0.77-0.310.74(0.43~1.27)0.27
未达标1.001.00
农村寄宿生规律型-0.100.91(0.80~1.03)0.12-0.010.99(0.87~1.12)0.83
(n=5 191)集中型-0.090.91(0.72~1.15)0.43-0.160.85(0.67~1.08)0.18
未达标1.001.00
农村非寄宿生规律型-0.110.90(0.76~1.06)0.20-0.020.98(0.83~1.15)0.78
(n=3 005)集中型-0.380.69(0.47~1.00)0.05-0.380.69(0.47~1.01)0.06
未达标1.001.00
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寄宿与非寄宿高中生抑郁焦虑症状与身体活动模式的关联
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王晨 1 , 李爱琴 2 , 罗帅呈 1 , 辛剑 3 , 杨茂林 4 , 朱君成 *, 4
中国学校卫生 | 心理卫生 2025,46(10): 1459-1464
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中国学校卫生 |心理卫生 2025 , 46 (10) : 1459 -1464
寄宿与非寄宿高中生抑郁焦虑症状与身体活动模式的关联
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王晨1, 李爱琴2, 罗帅呈1, 辛剑3, 杨茂林4, 朱君成*, 4
作者信息
  • 1南昌工学院体育与健康学院,江西 330108
  • 2万年中等专业学校
  • 3赣南医科大学党委(校长)办公室
  • 4上饶师范学院体育学院
通讯作者:
朱君成,E-mail:
作者简介:

王晨(1996-),女,山东青岛人,硕士,讲师,主要研究方向为青少年体质健康促进

Association of depressive and anxiety symptoms with physical activity patterns in boarding and non-boarding high school students
Chen WANG1, Aiqin LI2, Shuaicheng LUO1, Jian XIN3, Maolin YANG4, Juncheng ZHU*, 4
Affiliations
  • 1College of Physical Education and Health, Nanchang Institute of Science & Technology, Nanchang 330108, Jiangxi Province, China
出版时间: 2025-10-25 doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025307
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目的

探讨寄宿与非寄宿高中生抑郁焦虑症状差异及其与身体活动模式的关系,为促进高中生心理健康提供科学依据。

方法

2024年10—12月,采用方便抽样方法选取江西省南昌市、赣州市和上饶市3地36所学校的11 782名15~18岁高中生为研究对象,采用患者健康量表(PHQ-9)、广泛性焦虑量表(GAD-7)和国际体力活动问卷中文版短卷(IPAQ-SF)评估学生抑郁、焦虑及身体活动情况。采用Logistic回归探讨寄宿与非寄宿学生身体活动模式与抑郁焦虑症状的关系。

结果

寄宿生与非寄宿生抑郁症状检出率分别为45.7%和46.4%;焦虑症状检出率分别为43.0%和46.7%。寄宿生与非寄宿生吸烟、每天视屏时长、每天睡眠时长、每天久坐时长、每天吃蔬菜和午睡报告率差异均有统计学意义(χ2=16.74~664.17,P值均 < 0.01)。不同身体活动模式组间寄宿生与非寄宿生抑郁焦虑症状检出率差异均有统计学意义(χ抑郁2=23.85,χ焦虑2=22.78,P值均 < 0.01)。调整相关混杂因素后,高中生总体Logistic回归分析结果显示,与身体活动模式未达标组相比,集中型和规律型的学生抑郁症状风险均下降[OR值(95%CI)分别为0.83(0.70~0.98)和0.90(0.83~0.98)];集中型的学生焦虑症状风险更低[OR值(95%CI)=0.78(0.65~0.92)],集中型寄宿生焦虑症状风险与总体一致[OR值(95%CI)=0.71(0.52~0.98)](P值均 < 0.05)。

结论

寄宿与非寄宿高中生不同身体活动模式与抑郁焦虑症状存在关联。学校应在保持规律适度身体活动的基础上,加强学生身体活动量。

抑郁  /  焦虑  /  运动活动  /  精神卫生  /  回归分析  /  学生
Objective

To examine differences in depressive and anxiety symptoms between boarding and non-boarding high school students and their associations with physical activity (PA) patterns, so as to provide evidence to inform adolescent mental-health promotion.

Methods

From October to December 2024, a convenience sample of 11 782 students aged 15-18 years was recruited from 36 schools in Nanchang, Ganzhou, and Shangrao of Jiangxi Province. Depressive and anxiety symptoms and PA were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and International Physical Activity Questionary Short Form (IPAQ-SF). Logistic regression model was used to examine associations between PA patterns, depressive and anxiety symptoms among boarding and non-boarding students.

Results

The detection rates of depressive symptoms were 45.7% and 46.4% among boarding and non-boarding students, respectively; for anxiety symptoms, the corresponding rates were 43.0% and 46.7%. Boarding and non-boarding students differed significantly in smoking status, screen time, sleep duration, sedentary time, daily vegetable intake, and napping (χ2=16.74-664.17, all P < 0.01). Across PA pattern groups, the detection rates of depressive and anxiety symptoms differed significantly between boarding and non-boarding students (χdepression2=23.85, χanxiety2=22.78, both P < 0.01). Adjusted for confounding factors, Logistic regression analysis of high school students showed that compared with the not meeting PA recommendations, both the concentrated and regular PA pattern were associated with lower odds of depressive symptoms [OR(95%CI)=0.83(0.70-0.98), 0.90(0.83-0.98)]; and the concentrated pattern was also associated with lower odds of anxiety symptoms [OR(95%CI)=0.78(0.65-0.92)], and the association of anxiety symptoms in concentrated boarding students was consistent with that of the overall group [OR(95%CI)=0.71(0.52-0.98)] (all P < 0.05). Conclusions There is a correlation of different physical activity patterns with depressive and anxiety symptoms among boarding and non-boarding high school students. Schools should ensure students engage in regular physical activity and work to increase overall activity volume.

Depression  /  Anxiety  /  Motor activity  /  Mental health  /  Regression analysis  /  Students
王晨, 李爱琴, 罗帅呈, 辛剑, 杨茂林, 朱君成. 寄宿与非寄宿高中生抑郁焦虑症状与身体活动模式的关联. 中国学校卫生, 2025 , 46 (10) : 1459 -1464 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025307
Chen WANG, Aiqin LI, Shuaicheng LUO, Jian XIN, Maolin YANG, Juncheng ZHU. Association of depressive and anxiety symptoms with physical activity patterns in boarding and non-boarding high school students[J]. Chinese Journal of School Health, 2025 , 46 (10) : 1459 -1464 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025307
21世纪以来,我国农村寄宿生规模迅速扩大[1]。寄宿生活与青少年心理健康的关系仍存在一定争议[2-3]。身体活动被界定为由骨骼肌收缩产生、能量消耗高于静息的任何身体动作[4]。近年来,我国儿童青少年身体活动水平持续下降,每日中高强度活动不足30 min,达标率仅8.02%[5-6]。低水平身体活动增加了抑郁、焦虑风险,规律运动则有助于情绪调节[7-8]。寄宿生与非寄宿生在生活环境、社会关系及学校管理方面存在差异,导致身体活动模式和心理健康状况分化[9-10]。本研究通过比较寄宿与非寄宿高中生身体活动模式及抑郁、焦虑症状的差异,并探讨其关联机制,为青少年健康干预提供科学依据。
采用方便抽样方法,于2024年10—12月在江西省南昌市、赣州市和上饶市选取36所学校15~18岁高中学生进行调查。共发放问卷13 680份,回收问卷13 063份,回收率为95.5%;排除无效问卷1 281份,最终保留11 782份,有效率为86.1%。被试平均年龄(16.24±0.92)岁;其中男生6 252名(53.1%),女生5 530名(46.9%);寄宿生6 842名(58.1%),非寄宿生4 940名(41.9%)。本研究获赣南医科大学生物医学研究伦理委员会批准(批号:2024724),并征得学生和家长的知情同意。
采用自行编制问卷收集性别、年级、户籍、家庭类型、是否留守、家庭经济情况、父母亲学历等基本人口学特征;生活行为方式信息包括是否吸烟、饮酒、每周较规律吃早餐、每天吃蔬菜、每天午睡和每日视屏、睡眠、久坐时长。其中吸烟行为指曾经吸过烟,即使是吸过一两口;饮酒行为指曾经喝过一杯酒,包括白酒、啤酒和葡萄酒等[11]。根据《中国学龄儿童膳食指南》推荐[12],每天吃1次以上蔬菜、每天吃早餐为健康行为;本研究参考前期文献[13],将每周吃早餐次数≥4次界定为每周较规律吃早餐,反之为否。依据《中小学生一日学习时间卫生要求》[14]高中生每日睡眠时间应不少于8 h,结合调查情况将睡眠时长划分为 < 7,7~9,>9 h三类。视屏时长指过去7 d每天观看手机、平板、电视和电脑等电子设备的平均值,久坐时长调查近1周内学习日久坐时长;参考以往研究[15-16]和实际调查情况分别将每日视屏时长和久坐时长划分为 < 2,2~4,>4 h和 < 6,6~8,>8 h三类。
(1) 采用患者健康量表(Patient Health Questionnaires-9, PHQ-9)评估抑郁症状[17],共包含9个条目,每个条目按症状频率评0~3分,总分0~27分,分数越高表示抑郁症状越重,将总分≥5分界定为存在抑郁症状。本研究中该量表的Cronbach α系数为0.88。(2)使用广泛性焦虑量表(Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, GAD-7)对焦虑症状进行判定[18],该量表共7个条目,每个条目采用4级评定(0~3分),总分0~21分,分值越高表明焦虑症状越严重,将总分≥5分界定为存在焦虑症状。本研究中该量表的Cronbach α系数为0.86。
采用国际体力活动问卷中文版短卷(International Physical Activity Questionary Short Form, IPAQ-SF)评估学生身体活动情况[19],共7个条目,内容主要包括不同强度身体活动频次时间及1周体育课信息。依据《中国儿童青少年身体活动指南》[20],将每天进行≥60 min的中高强度身体活动判定为身体活动充足,否则为不充足;将近1周中高强度身体活动天数>4 d界定为中高强度运动规律, < 4 d为不规律。将身体活动模式划分为规律型、集中型、未达标3种类型,其中中高强度身体活动充足且中高强度运动规律界定为规律型,中高强度身体活动充足但中高强度运动不规律为集中型,中高强度身体活动不充足且中高强度运动不规律为未达标[21]。本研究中该问卷Cronbach α系数为0.85。
调查员为受过统一培训的高校师生。采用电子问卷,课后统一填写;调查前向学生说明目的与填写要点,现场答疑并限时回收。设置质检员对问卷应答时长进行监测,应答时长 < 15 min的问卷将被剔除。问卷回收后按预设质控流程开展数据清洗,并对问卷进行完整性与逻辑一致性检验,建立清洗日志以确保可复现性。
使用SPSS 26.0软件进行统计分析。采用Kolmogorov-Smirnov检验对连续型数值变量进行正态分布检验。计量资料不符合正态分布,用M(P25, P75)描述,并采用Mann-Whitney U检验进行组间比较;计数变量用频数和百分率描述,组间比较采用χ2检验。使用Logistic回归分析寄宿与非寄宿学生身体活动模式与抑郁焦虑症状的关联。双侧检验水准α=0.05。
寄宿生与非寄宿生抑郁症状检出率分别为45.7%(3 127名)和46.4%(2 292名);焦虑症状检出率分别为43.0%(2 939名)和46.7%(2 309名)。寄宿生与非寄宿生每天视屏时长、睡眠时长、久坐时长、身体活动模式构成差异均有统计学意义(P值均 < 0.01)。寄宿生与非寄宿生焦虑症状、中高强度运动规律、吸烟、午睡、每天吃蔬菜报告率差异均有统计学意义(P值均 < 0.05)。见表1。寄宿生抑郁症状评分为4(0, 9)分,非寄宿生为4(0, 8)分,差异无统计学意义(Z=-0.91,P=0.36);寄宿生焦虑症状评分为3(0, 7)分,非寄宿生为4(0, 7)分,差异有统计学意义(Z=-4.63,P < 0.01)。高中生每周中高强度运动时长为90(0, 221)min,其中寄宿生为90(0,240)min,非寄宿生为90(0,210)min,差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.23,P=0.03)。
不同身体活动模式组中,未达标、集中型、规律型寄宿生抑郁症状检出率分别为56.7%(1 969/3 472)、71.9%(194/270)、57.5%(964/1 677),非寄宿生分别为43.3%(1 503/3 472)、28.1%(76/270)、42.5%(713/1 677);不同身体活动模式组间寄宿生与非寄宿生抑郁症状检出率差异有统计学意义(χ2=23.85,P < 0.01)。未达标、集中型、规律型寄宿生焦虑症状检出率分别为54.9%(1 843/3 355)、70.6%(173/245)、56.0%(923/1 648),非寄宿生分别为45.1%(1 512/3 355)、29.4%(72/245)、44.0%(725/1 648);不同身体活动模式组间寄宿生与非寄宿生焦虑症状检出率差异有统计学意义(χ2=22.78,P < 0.01)。
以是否存在抑郁、焦虑症状(否=0,是=1)为因变量,以身体活动模式(未达标=1,集中型=2,规律型=3)为自变量进行Logistic回归分析,调整混杂因素后,结果显示,与身体活动模式未达标组相比,集中型和规律型学生抑郁症状风险均下降(P值均 < 0.05);集中型的学生焦虑症状风险更低(总体:OR=0.78,非寄宿生:OR=0.71,P值均 < 0.05)。见表2。
以是否抑郁、焦虑症状(否=0,是=1)为因变量,以身体活动模式(未达标=1,集中型=2,规律型=3)为自变量,以户籍分层进行Logistic回归分析,调整混杂因素后,结果显示,与身体活动模式未达标组相比,集中型和规律型的城镇寄宿生抑郁症状风险下降(OR值分别为0.82,0.88,P值均 < 0.05);规律型的城镇寄宿生焦虑风险更低(OR=0.77,P < 0.05)。见表3。
本研究结果显示,寄宿与非寄宿高中生抑郁症状检出率分别为45.7%和46.4%,焦虑症状检出率分别为43.0%和46.7%,均高于北京市、山西省和安徽省中学生的调查[22-24],差异可能与样本量及判定标准不同有关。提示抑郁焦虑症状仍是当前困扰中学生的主要心理健康问题。本研究还发现,非寄宿高中生的焦虑症状高于寄宿生,可能与生活环境差异相关,非寄宿高中生群体多来自城镇家庭,父母学历和经济条件更优。然而,此类优势家庭可能伴随着更强烈的学业期望和竞争压力。Brandmo等[25]研究显示,家庭学业期望间接影响学生的考试焦虑。同时,父母对孩子学业成绩的过度关注可能阻碍其自我效能感的发展,进而增加学生焦虑情绪[26]。此外,非寄宿生每日往返于学校和家庭之间,可能持续暴露于家庭监督与同龄人比较的双重压力环境。
有研究表明,班级内同辈群体竞争氛围越强烈,个体感知压力也会越大[27]。相对而言,寄宿生虽然在家庭经济和资源上可能处于相对劣势,但其生活环境具有明显的结构化特征。寄宿制学校通常有严格的作息时间要求,这种制度性管理有效保障了寄宿生的睡眠时长。而充足的睡眠作为重要的心理保护因素,已被研究证实与焦虑症状负性相关[28]。除睡眠时长保障外,寄宿环境也为同伴互动和社交提供了便利的场域。宿舍集体生活使得寄宿生能够更及时获得同伴的情感支持,而日常社交活动也可能有效分散压力[29],可能是其焦虑症状相对较低的重要环境因素。
本研究发现,寄宿与非寄宿高中生中高强度身体活动情况存在差异。具体而言,相较于寄宿生,非寄宿生每周中高强度身体活动时间更长,并且更为规律;而寄宿生更倾向于集中型的身体活动模式。寄宿生受到学校严格作息时间制度的约束,日常活动自主性较低;非寄宿生拥有更多可自由支配的校外时间,因而更易积累身体活动时长并形成规律的活动习惯。但也有研究持相反观点,如刘刚等[30]对赣东北地区981名中学生的调查表明,在周末,寄宿学生体力活动高于非寄宿学生。孙蕃[31]对南通市部分中小学生身体活动的调查也显示,虽然中学生普遍在周末运动意识相对薄弱,但寄宿生因在学校每天有固定安排的集体晨跑和课外活动,此类活动已内化为日常习惯[32];相比之下,非寄宿生周末常需参加各类辅导课,因此周末的体力活动水平通常低于寄宿生。还有研究指出,寄宿生在周日返校后,校内丰富的体育设施也促使他们更积极地参与体育活动[33]。此外,户籍分层分析结果还发现,城镇寄宿生的身体活动模式与抑郁焦虑症状存在关联,而农村寄宿生未呈现此类显著关系,提示不同户籍背景下寄宿生的心理健康风险可能受到差异化环境因素的影响。
在身体活动模式与心理健康的关联中,集中型和规律型高中生的抑郁、焦虑风险低于未达标群体。Logistic回归分析结果显示,集中型和规律型的身体活动模式均与总人群的抑郁症状风险呈负相关;而在焦虑症状方面,集中型对非寄宿生的保护效应更为显著。Shannon等[34]研究表明,每周保持≥3 d的中高强度运动与抑郁和焦虑症状风险降低相关。另有研究显示,运动对情绪的即时正向效应可延续至运动结束后1 d,需保持每周3次以上或每日规律的运动参与才可持续改善抑郁焦虑症状[35-36]。可见规律型的身体活动模式可能更有助于个体长期的情绪稳定。朱君成等[37]研究同样表明,规律型与集中型体力活动模式对抑郁和焦虑症状的干预效果相似,提示集中型体力活动可能依赖于运动的“急性效应”,利用短时间高强度运动激发积极生理反应和改善情绪。虽然身体活动所发挥的作用机制尚未得到广泛证实,但已有研究发现中高强度运动可通过调节皮质醇水平与促进内啡肽释放从而改善情绪[38];参与体育活动还能促进社交,提升自我效能感,改善认知功能[39]。
本研究存在一定局限性:(1)本研究为横断面设计,可能存在尚未控制的混杂因素,结论仍需纵向研究进一步验证;(2)采用回顾性调查问卷,相关信息均为学生自我报告,可能存在回忆偏倚;(3)身体活动采用IPAQ-SF评估,基于自报的时长与强度难以准确反映实际运动水平,未来需结合加速度计等客观工具加以校准;(4)样本仅来源于江西省,结果外推受限。
  • 2023年江西省高等学校教学改革研究课题(JXJG-23-16-6)
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2025年第46卷第10期
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doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025307
  • 接收时间:2025-07-02
  • 首发时间:2026-11-06
  • 出版时间:2025-10-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-02
  • 修回日期:2025-09-10
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2023年江西省高等学校教学改革研究课题(JXJG-23-16-6)
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    1南昌工学院体育与健康学院,江西 330108
    2万年中等专业学校
    3赣南医科大学党委(校长)办公室
    4上饶师范学院体育学院

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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