Article(id=1325530706771993489, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, issueId=1325530655635039055, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025302, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1746979200000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-12, revisedDate=1756656000000, revisedDateStr=2025-09-01, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793960747663, onlineDateStr=2026-11-06, pubDate=1761321600000, pubDateStr=2025-10-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793960747663, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793960747663, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793960747663, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1325530655635039055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, year='2025', volume='46', issue='10', pageStart='1369', pageEnd='1520', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1761321600000', pubDateStr='2025-10-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793960735472, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793960735472, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1372, endPage=1375, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1325530708898505618, articleId=1325530706771993489, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=EN, title=Analysis and implications of the curriculum objectives in the U.S. National Health Education Standards (2024), columnId=1325500680437375125, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of School Health, columnName=Expert Viewpoint, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The development of effective school health education in the key to enhancing students' health literacy. In 2024, the United States issued the National Health Education Standards (NHES) (3rd Edition), which established a goal system centered on health literacy. Its features included a hierarchical, continuous and holistic design of the standards, an emphasis on skills-based health education, a focus on overall health and well-being, and promotion of a diversified evaluation system. Through a textual analysis of the U.S. NHES (2024), four insights have been gained: integrating health literacy into the core competencies of disciplines to develop localized health education standards; creating a health education knowledge graph based on backward design to improve content structure; deepening the "disciplinary penetration + thematic education +" model, emphasizing students' deep participation and performance in implementation; and improving the health education evaluation system by using digital and intelligent technologies for precise intervention.These efforts aim to promote students' holistic development and advance educational modernization.

, authors=Yuxin HAN, Zhaoxia GUO*, authorsList=Yuxin HAN, Zhaoxia GUO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Zhaoxia GUO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Chinese Journal of School Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1325530723565986711, articleId=1325530706771993489, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=CN, title=美国《国家健康教育标准(2024年)》课程目标解析及启示, columnId=1325500682912014487, journalTitle=中国学校卫生, columnName=专题笔谈, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

开展有效的学校健康教育是提升学生健康素养的关键。2024年,美国颁发的《国家健康教育标准》(NHES)(第3版)以健康素养为核心建立目标体系,其特征包括标准的设计具有层级性、连续性、整体性,强调基于技能的健康教育,注重整体健康和幸福,突出多元化的评价体系。通过对美国NHES(2024年)进行文本分析,获取4个方面启示:将健康素养融入学科核心素养,研制本土化的健康教育标准;基于逆向设计创建健康教育知识图谱,完善内容结构;深化“学科渗透+专题教育+”模式,在实施中注重学生的深度参与和表现;完善健康教育评估体系,运用数智技术实现精准干预,以促进学生全面发展、推进教育现代化。

, authors=韩宇欣, 郭兆霞*, authorsList=韩宇欣, 郭兆霞, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=郭兆霞, authorNote=

韩宇欣(2000-),男,江苏连云港人,在读硕士,主要研究方向为青少年体育与健康教育

, correspAuthorsNote=
郭兆霞,E-mail:
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韩宇欣(2000-),男,江苏连云港人,在读硕士,主要研究方向为青少年体育与健康教育

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韩宇欣(2000-),男,江苏连云港人,在读硕士,主要研究方向为青少年体育与健康教育

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(2024-12-06)[2025-04-27]. https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-youth/hecat/?CDC_AAref_Val=https://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/hecat/index.htm., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325530780101010386, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530706771993489, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=25, rfOrder=27, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=吴爱军. 中小学生体育健康行为素养评价体系的构建与实施[J]. 教学与管理, 2020(34): 74-76., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325530780520440787, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530706771993489, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=25, rfOrder=28, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WU A J. 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Chin J Sch Health, 2024, 45(3): 309-312. 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Dimensions of curricular goals from the U.S. National Health Education Standards

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标准具体内容
1利用功能性的健康信息来支持自我和他人的健康和幸福
2分析影响自我和他人健康和幸福的因素
3获取有效和可靠的资源,以支持自我和他人的健康和幸福
4使用人际沟通技巧来支持自我和他人的健康和幸福
5利用决策过程来支持自我和他人的健康和幸福
6使用一个目标设定的过程来支持自我和他人的健康和幸福
7演示支持自我和他人的健康和幸福的实践和行为
8提倡促进自我和他人的健康和幸福
), ArticleFig(id=1325530743639925682, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530706771993489, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

美国国家健康教育标准课程目标维度内容

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
标准具体内容
1利用功能性的健康信息来支持自我和他人的健康和幸福
2分析影响自我和他人健康和幸福的因素
3获取有效和可靠的资源,以支持自我和他人的健康和幸福
4使用人际沟通技巧来支持自我和他人的健康和幸福
5利用决策过程来支持自我和他人的健康和幸福
6使用一个目标设定的过程来支持自我和他人的健康和幸福
7演示支持自我和他人的健康和幸福的实践和行为
8提倡促进自我和他人的健康和幸福
), ArticleFig(id=1325530744147436467, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530706771993489, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Sample curriculum map created based on the U.S. National Health Education Standards

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年级标准2:分析影响标准3:获取信息标准4:人际沟通标准5:决策标准6:目标设定标准7:自我管理标准8:倡导
幼儿园个人健康和幸福健康关系和家庭生活心理和情感健康预防暴力酒精、烟草和其他药物安全健康饮食
一年级心理和情感健康预防暴力安全健康饮食个人健康和幸福酒精、烟草和其他药物健康关系和家庭生活
二年级健康饮食安全健康关系和家庭生活个人健康和幸福心理和情感健康预防暴力酒精、烟草和其他药物
三年级健康关系和家庭生活酒精、烟草和其他药物预防暴力安全健康饮食个人健康和幸福心理和情感健康
四年级预防暴力心理和情感健康酒精、烟草和其他药物健康关系和家庭生活安全健康饮食个人健康和幸福
五年级酒精、烟草和其他药物健康饮食个人健康和幸福安全预防暴力健康关系和家庭生活心理和情感健康
六年级个人健康和幸福预防暴力健康关系和家庭生活酒精、烟草和其他药物健康饮食心理和情感健康安全
七年级健康关系和家庭生活个人健康和幸福心理和情感健康预防暴力酒精、烟草和其他药物安全健康饮食
八年级心理和情感健康安全酒精、烟草和其他药物个人健康和幸福健康关系和家庭生活健康饮食预防暴力
高中酒精、烟草和其他药物个人健康和幸福预防暴力健康关系和家庭生活健康饮食安全心理和情感健康
), ArticleFig(id=1325530744894022580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530706771993489, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

基于美国国家健康教育标准课程地图示例

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年级标准2:分析影响标准3:获取信息标准4:人际沟通标准5:决策标准6:目标设定标准7:自我管理标准8:倡导
幼儿园个人健康和幸福健康关系和家庭生活心理和情感健康预防暴力酒精、烟草和其他药物安全健康饮食
一年级心理和情感健康预防暴力安全健康饮食个人健康和幸福酒精、烟草和其他药物健康关系和家庭生活
二年级健康饮食安全健康关系和家庭生活个人健康和幸福心理和情感健康预防暴力酒精、烟草和其他药物
三年级健康关系和家庭生活酒精、烟草和其他药物预防暴力安全健康饮食个人健康和幸福心理和情感健康
四年级预防暴力心理和情感健康酒精、烟草和其他药物健康关系和家庭生活安全健康饮食个人健康和幸福
五年级酒精、烟草和其他药物健康饮食个人健康和幸福安全预防暴力健康关系和家庭生活心理和情感健康
六年级个人健康和幸福预防暴力健康关系和家庭生活酒精、烟草和其他药物健康饮食心理和情感健康安全
七年级健康关系和家庭生活个人健康和幸福心理和情感健康预防暴力酒精、烟草和其他药物安全健康饮食
八年级心理和情感健康安全酒精、烟草和其他药物个人健康和幸福健康关系和家庭生活健康饮食预防暴力
高中酒精、烟草和其他药物个人健康和幸福预防暴力健康关系和家庭生活健康饮食安全心理和情感健康
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美国《国家健康教育标准(2024年)》课程目标解析及启示
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韩宇欣 , 郭兆霞 *
中国学校卫生 | 专题笔谈 2025,46(10): 1372-1375
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中国学校卫生 |专题笔谈 2025 , 46 (10) : 1372 -1375
美国《国家健康教育标准(2024年)》课程目标解析及启示
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韩宇欣(2000-),男,江苏连云港人,在读硕士,主要研究方向为青少年体育与健康教育

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韩宇欣, 郭兆霞*
作者信息
  • 太原理工大学体育与健康工程学院,山西 晋中 030600
通讯作者:
郭兆霞,E-mail:
作者简介:

韩宇欣(2000-),男,江苏连云港人,在读硕士,主要研究方向为青少年体育与健康教育

Analysis and implications of the curriculum objectives in the U.S. National Health Education Standards (2024)
Yuxin HAN, Zhaoxia GUO*
Affiliations
  • School of Physical Education and Health Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Jinzhong 030600, Shanxi Province, China
出版时间: 2025-10-25 doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025302
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开展有效的学校健康教育是提升学生健康素养的关键。2024年,美国颁发的《国家健康教育标准》(NHES)(第3版)以健康素养为核心建立目标体系,其特征包括标准的设计具有层级性、连续性、整体性,强调基于技能的健康教育,注重整体健康和幸福,突出多元化的评价体系。通过对美国NHES(2024年)进行文本分析,获取4个方面启示:将健康素养融入学科核心素养,研制本土化的健康教育标准;基于逆向设计创建健康教育知识图谱,完善内容结构;深化“学科渗透+专题教育+”模式,在实施中注重学生的深度参与和表现;完善健康教育评估体系,运用数智技术实现精准干预,以促进学生全面发展、推进教育现代化。

美国  /  参考标准  /  公共卫生  /  健康教育  /  学生保健服务

The development of effective school health education in the key to enhancing students' health literacy. In 2024, the United States issued the National Health Education Standards (NHES) (3rd Edition), which established a goal system centered on health literacy. Its features included a hierarchical, continuous and holistic design of the standards, an emphasis on skills-based health education, a focus on overall health and well-being, and promotion of a diversified evaluation system. Through a textual analysis of the U.S. NHES (2024), four insights have been gained: integrating health literacy into the core competencies of disciplines to develop localized health education standards; creating a health education knowledge graph based on backward design to improve content structure; deepening the "disciplinary penetration + thematic education +" model, emphasizing students' deep participation and performance in implementation; and improving the health education evaluation system by using digital and intelligent technologies for precise intervention.These efforts aim to promote students' holistic development and advance educational modernization.

United States  /  Reference standards  /  Public health  /  Health education  /  Student health services
韩宇欣, 郭兆霞. 美国《国家健康教育标准(2024年)》课程目标解析及启示. 中国学校卫生, 2025 , 46 (10) : 1372 -1375 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025302
Yuxin HAN, Zhaoxia GUO. Analysis and implications of the curriculum objectives in the U.S. National Health Education Standards (2024)[J]. Chinese Journal of School Health, 2025 , 46 (10) : 1372 -1375 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025302
在全球公共卫生挑战频发背景下,健康素养是公众主动维护健康、科学应对危机的基础能力,可显著降低健康风险。在美国,健康素养已经成为公共卫生的优先事项[1]。基于标准的高质量学校健康教育已被公认是促进学生健康状况和学业成就的有效策略[2]。国家健康教育标准(National Health Education Standards, NHES)(2024年)以健康素养为核心构建了幼儿园至十二年级健康教育目标框架[3],成为引领美国学校健康教育发展的风向标[4]。在我国,健康素养受到高度重视,《“健康中国2030”规划纲要》[5]和《关于全面加强和改进新时代学校卫生与健康教育工作的意见》[6]均强调提升学生健康素养和加强健康教育,这是促进学生全面发展、推进教育现代化的必然要求。然而,学校健康教育缺乏统一标准,内容碎片化、教材缺失等问题制约了实施效果[7]。数据显示,我国15~24岁青少年慢性病患病率近5年突增22.2%[8],凸显系统性干预健康教育的紧迫性。如何提升我国中小学健康教育的质量和效果,已成为当前亟待解决的问题。本文拟从健康素养视角解读NHES(2024年)[9]的目标体系与特点,以期为我国健康教育工作的开展提供借鉴。
NHES(2024年)以健康素养为核心,涵盖了8项标准(表1)。标准1(认知层面)利用功能性健康信息促进健康幸福[9];标准2~8(技能层面)包括识别各种因素对健康行为的影响,了解如何获取有效且可靠的健康资源,运用人际沟通、决策、目标设定和倡导技巧,以及支持自己和他人健康的实践方法。将健康教育融入基于技能的生活情境中,鼓励学生通过实际操作来理解和掌握健康知识。NHES(2024年)的核心目标在于提升学生健康素养,通过8项标准的互补与协同,共同驱动目标实现。
由NHES(2024年)中的8条标准及幼儿园至二年级,三至五年级,六至八年级,九至十二年级应达成的年级跨度指标构成,用于表述学生通过健康教育课程学习后应掌握的健康知识与技能,以统一模板呈现。表现性指标如同学生应知应会能力的蓝图或基石[10],全部达成将显著提升学生健康素养和保持健康行为的可能性。
NHES(2024年)的健康教育目标从低年级到高年级逐级递进且紧密衔接,形成连贯的发展脉络。标准设计体现了层级性和连续性,结合学生认知发展和技能形成规律等,建立连贯递进、难度递增的表现性指标。学生通过逐步增加的指标,贴近真实情境的任务,实现从知识掌握到解决实际健康问题的发展;高年级在低年级的基础上得以拓展深化,构建全面技能体系。课程设计考虑学生身心发展特点,设置差异化指标,为学生健康奠定基础。横向来看,标准1的功能性信息包含基于健康行为和健康促进领域成熟理论与模型的核心概念,可以应用于标准2~8与健康相关的技能,如分析影响因素、获取资源、人际沟通、决策制定、目标设定、参与健康实践行为等。标准2~8的健康技能之间也是相互联系,如标准2.8.4要求学生运用策略和资源管理影响健康的因素,标准3.8.5要求学生运用策略管理虚假信息,两者虽侧重点不同,但同属于策略运用范畴,体现了2个标准之间的横向联系。揭示健康知识与技能的培养并非线性递进,而是通过多标准同步推进、协调互促来实现,体现了健康教育标准的整体性和综合性。
基于技能的健康教育是通过参与式方法,支持个人发展所需技能、态度和知识[11]。有效的健康教育不仅传授知识,更着重培养积极态度、发展技能并促进行动。针对实践中侧重信息掌握的问题,NHES(2024年)标准2~8均聚焦提升学生在真实情境中应用健康技能(识别影响因素、获取资源、沟通、决策、目标设定、倡导、实践健康行为)的能力,涵盖从个人习惯到社会互动的各个方面。学生不仅需了解这些标准的信息与技能,更需要在课堂实践中演练,以应对现实生活挑战。通过实践获得反馈,并在真实环境中评估技能应用水平[12]。这种基于技能的方法超越知识传授,注重将知识转化为行动,体现了健康素养的达成性。通过主动参与等方法为学生提供学习体验,鼓励实践应用以发展必要技能,并在支持性环境中培养学生健康素养,从而对个人及社区健康幸福产生深远影响。
NHES(2024年)的8项标准均致力于系统性培养整体健康与幸福。从低年级识别健康维度,到中高年级分析维度关联及对健康结果的综合影响。学生从识别自身与环境优势资源出发,发展为分析、利用这些因素促进健康。健康影响因素置于社会生态模型框架下理解(个人、人际、社区、社会、环境层面),这种模型使学生能够将健康教育中教授的技能和信息应用到生活中[13],并要求学生分析其如何动态影响健康行为和公平。基于此,NHES(2024年)引入“优势和资产”概念,视健康素养为可发展的重要资产[14]。标准着力培养支撑终身健康的核心能力,其技能培养随学生认知和社会发展,从基础实践深化至复杂应用。最终,标准传递了一种动态健康观,即健康是需主动管理、调节的持续状态,健康素养是追求更高层次健康与幸福的关键基石。
评价是衡量教学成效的关键工具,其核心目的并非仅仅是打分,而是“提高学生学业表现”[15],即根据明确标准衡量学生掌握程度与能力。NHES(2024年)构建的评价体系,对学生而言可以明确目标与改进方向、对教师而言能指导教学调整、对教育管理者而言可优化课程资源,全程强调“数据驱动决策”,融入通用学习设计原则,通过多元方式确保所有学生公平参与。
该评价体系基于“逆向设计”模型[16],凸显评价在健康教育中的重要性,评价包括反馈、形成性评价和终结性评价等。NHES(2024年)认为有效的反馈能使学生更清晰地理解预期要求,从而提升学习成效。有效的反馈是真实、及时、可理解且具有同理心,以学生增长为导向关注学生的优点、资产和成长。教师通过思维导图、目标进度表等形成性评价形式,实时监测学生学习进度并收集证据,依此判断学生是否达标。终结性评估则聚焦真实情境技能应用,用量化指标客观评分,并顾及特殊学生评估调整。这些评价方法能明确学生学习目标,提供学生学习成果的证据,然后使用反馈来提高学生对这些目标的理解[17]。总体而言,评价可以为学生提供反馈和证据,明确后续教学方向,使学生真正学会学习。
我国《普通高中课程方案和语文等学科课程标准(2017年版)》[18]首次提出“核心素养”理念。《义务教育课程方案和课程标准(2022年版)》要求“着力发展学生核心素养”[19]。《中国学生发展核心素养》[20]中“健康生活”维度与健康素养契合,但我国尚未颁布健康教育标准。《普通高中课程方案和语文等学科课程标准(2017年版)》[18]和《义务教育课程方案和课程标准(2022年版)》[19]将体育与健康核心素养分为运动能力、健康行为和体育品德三方面,其中“健康行为”体现了部分健康素养内容,并将“健康教育”列为必修内容。然而,这主要与体育相关,未能涵盖健康素养的全面内涵,包括健康观念、知识、行为、管理能力等。
健康素养作为可积累的个人资产,需从幼年时期开始培育。《中华人民共和国基本医疗卫生与健康促进法(2019)》[21]规定国家建立健康教育制度,提高公民的健康素养。我国有必要研制本土化《健康教育标准》,将健康素养融入其核心素养,覆盖“大中小幼”不同水平阶段,并构建科学完善的健康素养培养体系,为全面提升国民健康水平奠定基础。
逆向设计是一种以明确学习成果为出发点,反向规划评估方式与教学活动的设计方法。其核心理念是“从终点出发”,重新思考教学的起点和路径[16]。NHES(2024年)据此确定标准、表现性指标并创建课程地图(表2)[9],将标准1功能性健康信息与标准2~8技能对应,可以清楚地确定需要涵盖的健康技能和概念。
在我国基础教育中,健康教育内容分散于体育与健康、生物、道德与法治等课程,缺乏纵向递进和横向关联,容易导致重复或缺失。《关于全面加强和改进新时代学校卫生与健康教育工作的意见》[6]明确提出“构建分学段、一体化健康教育内容体系”。沿着逆向设计的思路,由专家团队依据我国国情和社会健康发展需求确定健康教育标准和指标。创建以技能为主导的健康教育课程知识图谱或内容框架,完善健康教育内容结构,整合不同学科的健康要素,明确技能与概念范围及教授顺序,解决“知识点孤立”和“学段衔接断裂”等问题。在此基础上多学科专家合作开发健康教育资源,编制大、中、小学和幼儿健康教育教材,打破学科壁垒,基于纵向组织和横向组织构建健康教育内容结构,提供标准化教学支架。
NHES主要基于“全校、全社区、全儿童”(whole school, whole community, whole child, WSCC)模式实施[22]。WSCC模式是以儿童为中心,采用协作、理解或综合、多领域的方法支持学生的学习,其中学校在发展学生健康素养中发挥了重要作用。NHES(2024年)要求教师创建以学生为中心的学习计划,支持差异化教学,强调参与、重现和表达。在教学过程中,鼓励教师通过多媒体、视频等多元方式呈现内容,以适应不同学习风格和偏好。学生通过体验学习、真实世界应用和多种教学策略等促进参与,并通过作业、演示和多媒体项目等选择和机会来表达他们的理解[9]。
在我国健康教育的实施是与多学科相融合的。《中小学健康教育指导纲要》[23]提出健康教育采用“学科渗透+专题教育”的双轨模式,每学期6~7课时。《关于全面加强和改进新时代学校卫生与健康教育工作的意见》[6]规定中小学校每学期在体育与健康课中安排4课时健康教育。《义务教育课程方案和课程标准(2022年版)》[19]要求各门课程不少于10%课时用于跨学科主题学习,这也为健康教育提供了更多可能性。健康教育要继续深化“学科渗透+专题教育或跨学科主题学习+课内外综合实践”模式,通过分层递进、多元协同的方式,全面提升学生的健康素养;实施过程中,以学生为中心,采用项目式学习、主题式教学等创新模式,围绕真实健康问题设计表现性学习活动,引导学生深度参与、强化真实表现,推动教与学范式向主动探究转变。
评估是逆向设计关键环节,为标准和表现性学业指标提供证据。美国健康教育的评估是连续过程,包括针对性反馈、多种评估和教学策略[24]。鼓励表现性评价,使用提示、自检、量规等工具支持学生真实展示成果[11]。例如教师在解释减少压力和支持健康和福祉的技能和策略后,分配表现性任务、自我检查、备份资料和量规等,鼓励学生通过多种方式展示内容和技能。其中评价量规形式多样,包括清单、等级量表、结构化观察指南等[9]。另外,利用多种电子交互平台帮助学生和教师参与,并提供学生学习的证据[9]。
目前我国健康教育评估分散于多门课程,体系不完善。学校中的评估往往侧重于学生健康知识和健康行为的检查,缺乏对健康素养的全面评估;同时,评估工具科学性和有效性不足,也缺少对学生健康状况的长期跟踪[25]。《普通高中课程方案和语文等学科课程标准(2017年版)》提出要完善综合素质评价制度[18],《义务教育课程方案和课程标准(2022年版)》更是提出创新评价方式方法,倡导基于证据的评价[19]。因此,我国应构建科学评估体系,依据标准,突出表现性评价[26],结合过程性与终结性评价,采用多元化的工具和方法,提升评价的动态性和真实性。此外,借助大数据、人工智能模型分析学生健康数据(饮食习惯、行为等),实时监控评估,识别风险,为学生提供个性化的建议,提升健康教育效果;并构建数字化平台将学生的健康数据与社区、公共卫生系统等社会资源对接,实现健康数据共享与协同管理、推动更加精准的健康教育干预,为学生提供更全面的健康保障。
  • 山西省21世纪初高等教育教学改革基金项目(RC2300003264)
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doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025302
  • 接收时间:2025-05-12
  • 首发时间:2026-11-06
  • 出版时间:2025-10-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-12
  • 修回日期:2025-09-01
基金
山西省21世纪初高等教育教学改革基金项目(RC2300003264)
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    太原理工大学体育与健康工程学院,山西 晋中 030600

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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