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Article(id=1325530963522117774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, issueId=1325530655635039055, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025290, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1750608000000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-23, revisedDate=1751212800000, revisedDateStr=2025-06-30, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793960808877, onlineDateStr=2026-11-06, pubDate=1761321600000, pubDateStr=2025-10-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793960808877, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793960808877, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793960808877, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1325530655635039055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, year='2025', volume='46', issue='10', pageStart='1369', pageEnd='1520', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1761321600000', pubDateStr='2025-10-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793960735472, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793960735472, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1376, endPage=1380, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1325530966353272976, articleId=1325530963522117774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=EN, title=Network analysis of the relationship of bullying victimization with anxiety and depressive symptoms among adolescents, columnId=1325530667274228558, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of School Health, columnName=Column on Mental Health Effects of Adverse Experiences, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To identify the core symptoms and bridge symptoms in the network structure among adolescents bullying victimization, anxiety and depressive symptoms, and to explore the interrelationships among these three variables, so as to provide a basis for the precise prevention of bullying behaviors and the improvement of adolescents' psychological health conditions.

Methods

From October to November 2023, a stratified cluster random sampling method was employed to select 4 759 middle and high school students from four cities in Guangxi: Beihai, Guigang, Hechi, and Laibin. The Chinese version of the Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire (OBVQ) was used to assess bullying victimization among adolescents, while the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were utilized to assess anxiety and depressive symptoms, respectively. The Bootnet package (version 1.6) in R software (version 4.4.1) was used to construct a network structure and analyze the associations between bullying victimization, anxiety symptoms and depressive symptoms among adolescents.

Results

The reporting rates of depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and bullying victimization among adolescents in Guangxi were 24.67%, 16.33%, and 16.58%, respectively. Network analysis revealed that the node with the highest expected influence was "property being taken or damaged", with a standardized expected influence (EI) index of 2.09. The top two nodes in terms of bridge expected influence were "thoughts of self-harm or suicide" and "irritability", with standardized bridge expected influence (BEI) indices of 2.15 and 1.27, respectively. The stronger associations were observed between the node "property being taken or damaged" and the nodes "physical attacks such as hitting, kicking, pushing, or shoving" and "ridiculed due to accent", with edge weights of 0.43 and 0.35, respectively.

Conclusion

Targeting preventive measures against the symptoms with the highest expected influence and bridge expected influence in the network of bullying victimization, anxiety and depressive symptoms among adolescents may be an effective approach to reduce the negative impact of bullying victimization, anxiety and depressive symptoms on adolescents.

, authors=Yuxiang XIONG1, Shuibo PAN2, Jinfeng LIN1, Qiaoyue WEI*, 3, Junduan WU*, 1, 4, authorsList=Yuxiang XIONG, Shuibo PAN, Jinfeng LIN, Qiaoyue WEI, Junduan WU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Qiaoyue WEI, Junduan WU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Chinese Journal of School Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1325530982320988311, articleId=1325530963522117774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=CN, title=青少年受欺凌经历与焦虑抑郁症状关系的网络分析, columnId=1325530669090362192, journalTitle=中国学校卫生, columnName=不良经历的心理健康效应专栏, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

识别青少年受欺凌经历与焦虑抑郁症状网络结构中的核心症状和桥梁症状，深入探索三者间的联系，为欺凌行为精准防治和改善青少年心理健康状况提供依据。

方法

2023年10—11月，采用分层整群随机抽样方法从广西的北海、贵港、河池和来宾4座城市抽取4 759名初、高中学生，使用中文版Olweus欺负问卷(OBVQ)调查受欺凌情况，使用广泛性焦虑障碍量表(GAD-7)、9项患者健康问卷(PHQ-9)分别评估焦虑症状和抑郁症状。使用R 4.4.1软件Bootnet包(1.6版)构建网络结构分析青少年受欺凌经历与焦虑抑郁症状的联系。

结果

广西青少年抑郁症状、焦虑症状和受欺凌经历的报告率分别为24.67%，16.33%，16.58%。网络分析显示，预期影响最高的节点为“拿走或损坏财物”，其标准化预期影响系数(EI)为2.09；桥梁预期影响位列前2的节点为“自伤或自杀想法”和“易怒”，其标准化桥梁预期影响系数(BEI)分别为2.15，1.27；节点“拿走或损坏财物”与“打、踢、推、撞等肢体攻击”“嘲笑口音”之间的关联较为紧密(边权重分别为0.43，0.35)。

结论

针对青少年受欺凌经历与焦虑抑郁症状网络中预期影响和桥梁预期影响最强的症状采取预防措施，可能是减少受欺凌经历和焦虑抑郁症状对青少年负面影响的有效途径。

, authors=熊宇翔1, 潘水波2, 林锦峰1, 韦乔悦*, 3, 吴俊端*, 1, 4, authorsList=熊宇翔, 潘水波, 林锦峰, 韦乔悦, 吴俊端, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=韦乔悦, 吴俊端, authorNote=

熊宇翔(1996-)，男，广西桂林人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为儿童青少年心理卫生

, correspAuthorsNote=
韦乔悦，E-mail:
吴俊端，E-mail:
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注：节点外环填充程度表示该节点可预测性大小；线越粗表示相关性越强；实线表示正相关，虚线表示负相关。OBVQ 1~6分别为“起难听的外号，取笑或讽刺”“不让参加某些活动”“打、踢、推、撞等肢体攻击”“散布谣言”“拿走或损坏财物”“嘲笑口音”；PHQ 1~9分别为“快感缺乏”“心情低落”“睡眠问题”“精力缺乏”“食欲改变”“自我评价低”“注意力集中困难”“动作迟缓或急躁”“自伤或自杀想法”；GAD 1~7分别为“紧张”“难以控制担忧”“过多担忧”“难以放松”“坐立不安”“易怒”“害怕”。

, figureFileSmall=+niJ594fzWqK6LGyqmRckA==, figureFileBig=XJcUpRJN/3cqcBy5ekudIQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325531020510126281, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530963522117774, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Standardized expected influence and standardized bridge expected influence of nodes in the adolescents bullying victimization, anxiety and depressive symptoms network, figureFileSmall=Z4ctLZlcvq+cqzzDUOei7g==, figureFileBig=WP/IZR4MUP9cBOfwIzfKgA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325531021730668746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530963522117774, language=CN, label=图2, caption=青少年受欺凌经历与焦虑、抑郁症状网络节点的标准化预期影响和标准化桥梁预期影响

注： OBVQ 1~6分别为“起难听的外号，取笑或讽刺”“不让参加某些活动”“打、踢、推、撞等肢体攻击”“散布谣言”“拿走或损坏财物”“嘲笑口音”；PHQ 1~9分别为“快感缺乏”“心情低落”“睡眠问题”“精力缺乏”“食欲改变”“自我评价低”“注意力集中困难”“动作迟缓或急躁”“自伤或自杀想法”；GAD 1~7分别为“紧张”“难以控制担忧”“过多担忧”“难以放松”“坐立不安”“易怒”“害怕”。

, figureFileSmall=Z4ctLZlcvq+cqzzDUOei7g==, figureFileBig=WP/IZR4MUP9cBOfwIzfKgA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325531022225596619, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530963522117774, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Comparison of reporting rates of depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms and bullying victimization among adolescents by gender and school stage

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性别与学段选项人数统计值抑郁症状焦虑症状受欺凌经历
性别男2 192425(19.39)269(12.27)407(18.57)
女2 567749(29.18)508(19.79)382(14.88)
χ2值60.9748.9111.62
P值< 0.01< 0.01< 0.01
学段初中2 848656(23.03)473(16.61)552(19.38)
高中1 911518(27.11)304(15.91)237(12.40)
χ2值10.210.4140.29
P值< 0.010.52< 0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1325531023567773900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530963522117774, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同性别与学段青少年抑郁症状、焦虑症状和受欺凌经历报告率比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性别与学段选项人数统计值抑郁症状焦虑症状受欺凌经历
性别男2 192425(19.39)269(12.27)407(18.57)
女2 567749(29.18)508(19.79)382(14.88)
χ2值60.9748.9111.62
P值< 0.01< 0.01< 0.01
学段初中2 848656(23.03)473(16.61)552(19.38)
高中1 911518(27.11)304(15.91)237(12.40)
χ2值10.210.4140.29
P值< 0.010.52< 0.01
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青少年受欺凌经历与焦虑抑郁症状关系的网络分析
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熊宇翔 1 , 潘水波 2 , 林锦峰 1 , 韦乔悦 *, 3 , 吴俊端 *, 1, 4
中国学校卫生 | 不良经历的心理健康效应专栏 2025,46(10): 1376-1380
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中国学校卫生 |不良经历的心理健康效应专栏 2025 , 46 (10) : 1376 -1380
青少年受欺凌经历与焦虑抑郁症状关系的网络分析
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熊宇翔(1996-)，男，广西桂林人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为儿童青少年心理卫生

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熊宇翔1, 潘水波2, 林锦峰1, 韦乔悦*, 3 , 吴俊端*, 1, 4
作者信息
  • 1广西医科大学公共卫生学院，南宁 530021
  • 2贵港市疾病预防控制中心(贵港市卫生监督所医疗卫生所)，南宁 530021
  • 3武汉大学公共卫生学院，南宁 530021
  • 4广西卫生职业技术学院临床医学院，南宁 530021
通讯作者:
韦乔悦，E-mail:
吴俊端，E-mail:
作者简介:

熊宇翔(1996-)，男，广西桂林人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为儿童青少年心理卫生

Network analysis of the relationship of bullying victimization with anxiety and depressive symptoms among adolescents
Yuxiang XIONG1, Shuibo PAN2, Jinfeng LIN1, Qiaoyue WEI*, 3 , Junduan WU*, 1, 4
Affiliations
  • 1School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
出版时间: 2025-10-25 doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025290
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摘要
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目的

识别青少年受欺凌经历与焦虑抑郁症状网络结构中的核心症状和桥梁症状，深入探索三者间的联系，为欺凌行为精准防治和改善青少年心理健康状况提供依据。

方法

2023年10—11月，采用分层整群随机抽样方法从广西的北海、贵港、河池和来宾4座城市抽取4 759名初、高中学生，使用中文版Olweus欺负问卷(OBVQ)调查受欺凌情况，使用广泛性焦虑障碍量表(GAD-7)、9项患者健康问卷(PHQ-9)分别评估焦虑症状和抑郁症状。使用R 4.4.1软件Bootnet包(1.6版)构建网络结构分析青少年受欺凌经历与焦虑抑郁症状的联系。

结果

广西青少年抑郁症状、焦虑症状和受欺凌经历的报告率分别为24.67%，16.33%，16.58%。网络分析显示，预期影响最高的节点为“拿走或损坏财物”，其标准化预期影响系数(EI)为2.09；桥梁预期影响位列前2的节点为“自伤或自杀想法”和“易怒”，其标准化桥梁预期影响系数(BEI)分别为2.15，1.27；节点“拿走或损坏财物”与“打、踢、推、撞等肢体攻击”“嘲笑口音”之间的关联较为紧密(边权重分别为0.43，0.35)。

结论

针对青少年受欺凌经历与焦虑抑郁症状网络中预期影响和桥梁预期影响最强的症状采取预防措施，可能是减少受欺凌经历和焦虑抑郁症状对青少年负面影响的有效途径。

暴力  /  焦虑  /  抑郁  /  精神卫生  /  青少年
Objective

To identify the core symptoms and bridge symptoms in the network structure among adolescents bullying victimization, anxiety and depressive symptoms, and to explore the interrelationships among these three variables, so as to provide a basis for the precise prevention of bullying behaviors and the improvement of adolescents' psychological health conditions.

Methods

From October to November 2023, a stratified cluster random sampling method was employed to select 4 759 middle and high school students from four cities in Guangxi: Beihai, Guigang, Hechi, and Laibin. The Chinese version of the Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire (OBVQ) was used to assess bullying victimization among adolescents, while the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were utilized to assess anxiety and depressive symptoms, respectively. The Bootnet package (version 1.6) in R software (version 4.4.1) was used to construct a network structure and analyze the associations between bullying victimization, anxiety symptoms and depressive symptoms among adolescents.

Results

The reporting rates of depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and bullying victimization among adolescents in Guangxi were 24.67%, 16.33%, and 16.58%, respectively. Network analysis revealed that the node with the highest expected influence was "property being taken or damaged", with a standardized expected influence (EI) index of 2.09. The top two nodes in terms of bridge expected influence were "thoughts of self-harm or suicide" and "irritability", with standardized bridge expected influence (BEI) indices of 2.15 and 1.27, respectively. The stronger associations were observed between the node "property being taken or damaged" and the nodes "physical attacks such as hitting, kicking, pushing, or shoving" and "ridiculed due to accent", with edge weights of 0.43 and 0.35, respectively.

Conclusion

Targeting preventive measures against the symptoms with the highest expected influence and bridge expected influence in the network of bullying victimization, anxiety and depressive symptoms among adolescents may be an effective approach to reduce the negative impact of bullying victimization, anxiety and depressive symptoms on adolescents.

Violence  /  Anxiety  /  Depression  /  Mental health  /  Adolescent
熊宇翔, 潘水波, 林锦峰, 韦乔悦, 吴俊端. 青少年受欺凌经历与焦虑抑郁症状关系的网络分析. 中国学校卫生, 2025 , 46 (10) : 1376 -1380 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025290
Yuxiang XIONG, Shuibo PAN, Jinfeng LIN, Qiaoyue WEI, Junduan WU. Network analysis of the relationship of bullying victimization with anxiety and depressive symptoms among adolescents[J]. Chinese Journal of School Health, 2025 , 46 (10) : 1376 -1380 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025290
正文
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受欺凌经历是指反复或长时间遭受其他同伴身体、言语、人际关系等方面的伤害[1]。近些年，受欺凌已成为青少年中的一个重大公共卫生问题，一项全球范围内的学生健康调查结果显示，12~17岁青少年在过去30 d内受欺凌的发生率约为30.5%[2]。受欺凌经历不仅会对青少年造成身体伤害，还会导致诸多心理问题。既往研究发现，受欺凌可能是青少年焦虑和抑郁症状的危险因素，也论证了不同欺凌形式与青少年焦虑、抑郁症状的复杂联系[3]。然而，受欺凌经历各表现与焦虑、抑郁各症状间的具体关联模式缺乏深入探讨。网络分析方法可将某一系统的特征和信息以网络的形式呈现，通过计算网络中各个节点特征指标以及整体结构特征指标，为研究各种心理现象提供独特的分析视角[4]。因此，本研究通过构建青少年受欺凌经历与焦虑、抑郁症状的网络结构，探索其中的核心症状和桥梁症状，为青少年受欺凌经历精准防治和焦虑、抑郁症状有效预防提供参考。
1　对象与方法
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1.1　对象
2023年10—11月，采用分层整群随机抽样的方法选取研究对象，首先，根据广西经济发展水平抽取广西的北海、贵港、河池和来宾4个地级市，采用抽签法在北海市抽取2个县区，在其余市各抽取1个县区，共抽取5个县区。每个县区用抽签法抽取3~5所普通中学或中职学校，共抽取18所学校，从抽取的学校中每个年级用抽签法抽取2个班级进行调查。共发放问卷4 908份，剔除信息缺失过多或规律作答等无效问卷后，回收有效问卷4 759份，有效问卷回收率为96.96%。其中男生2 192名(46.06%)，女生2 567名(53.94%)；初中生2 848名，高中生1 911名；年龄中位数15.00(3.00)岁。本研究经广西医科大学伦理委员会的审批(伦理审批号：20200016)，且获得被调查学生及其家长的知情同意。
1.2　测量工具
1.2.1　受欺凌经历
采用张文新等[5]修订的中文版Olweus欺负问卷(Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire, OBVQ)的受欺凌分量表，包含躯体、言语和关系欺凌3个维度，共6个题项。该工具采用5级评分，1~5分别对应从“没有受欺负”到“一周好几次”的频率；任意题项≥3分认为存在相应的受欺凌经历[6]。本次调查中该量表的Cronbach α系数为0.82。
1.2.2　抑郁症状
使用9项患者健康问卷(Patient Health Questionnaire-9, PHQ-9)对学生抑郁情况进行调查[7]。该工具共9个题项，采用4级评分，0~3分别对应近2周从“完全没有”到“几乎每天”的频率，总分0~27分，总分≥10分表示存在抑郁症状[7]。本次调查中该问卷的Cronbach α系数为0.92。
1.2.3　焦虑症状
使用广泛性焦虑障碍量表(Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, GAD-7)[8]测量青少年焦虑情况。该工具共7个题项，采用4级评分，0~3分代表过去2周从“完全不会”到“几乎每天”的频率，总分0~21分，总分≥10分表示存在焦虑症状。本次调查中该量表的Cronbach α系数为0.91。
1.3　质量控制
调查人员由被调查学校教师、研究生及当地疾病预防控制中心人员组成，调查前均接受系统培训。问卷初稿确定后，组织专家对问卷内容和细节等进行优化。被调查学校电脑机房符合条件者使用电子问卷进行调查，否则采用纸质问卷和答题卡开展调查。纸质问卷和答题卡在录入前由2名研究生负责校对和质控。
1.4　统计学分析
采用SPSS 23.0软件进行统计分析，本次调查青少年年龄经K-S检验呈非正态分布，因此使用中位数和四分位数间距表示；计数资料采用频数或百分率描述，组间比较使用χ2检验。使用R 4.4.1软件构建网络模型，采用Bootnet包(1.6版)生成青少年受欺凌经历与抑郁症状和焦虑症状的可视化网络模型[9]。节点预期影响(expected influence, EI)和桥梁预期影响(bridge expected influence, BEI)分别使用Qgraph包(1.9.8版)和Networktools包(1.5.2版)计算[10]。此外，使用MGM包(1.2-14版)计算各节点的可预测性，用于表示节点与其相邻节点的关联程度[11]。使用Bootnet包(1.6版)评估网络模型的稳定性和准确率[9]，通过非参数自举法计算边权重的95%CI，通过剔除案例自举法计算相关稳定系数(correlation stability coefficient, CS-C)评估节点预期影响和桥梁预期影响的稳定性，其中CS-C>0.50则表示稳定性良好。使用Network Comparison Test包(2.2.2版本)计算统计量M(maximum statistic，两个网络中所有对应边权重绝对差异中的最大值)及统计量S(difference in global strength，两个网络所有边权重绝对值之和的差异)，以检验不同性别、不同学段青少年网络结构和整体强度的不变性[12]。检验水准α=0.05。
2　结果
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2.1　青少年抑郁症状、焦虑症状和受欺凌经历报告率
青少年抑郁症状、焦虑症状和受欺凌经历的报告率分别为24.67%(1 174名)、16.33%(777名)和16.58%(789名)。其中，女生抑郁症状和焦虑症状的报告率(29.18%，19.79%)均高于男生(19.39%，12.27%)，而受欺凌经历报告率(14.88%)低于男生(18.57%)(P值均 < 0.01)；高中生抑郁症状(27.11%)的报告率高于初中生(23.03%)，而受欺凌经历的报告率(12.40%)低于初中生(19.38%)(P值均 < 0.01)。见表1。
2.2　青少年受欺凌经历与焦虑、抑郁症状的网络结构
由图1可见，22个节点聚集为3个不同的症状群，231条可能的边中有163条(70.56%)不为零，提示症状之间有较大的相互关联性。非参数自举法结果显示，边权重95%CI较窄，提示边权重估计准确。最大权重边出现在受欺凌经历症状群内“拿走或损坏财物(OBVQ5)”与“打、踢、推、撞等肢体攻击(OBVQ3)”之间(边权重=0.43)。其次为OBVQ5与“嘲笑口音(OBVQ6)”(边权重=0.35)，以及焦虑症状群内“难以控制担忧(GAD2)”与“过多担忧(GAD3)”“紧张(GAD1)”等(边权重均为0.34)。
节点的可预测性为0.32~0.77，平均为0.57，表明网络中节点的变异平均有57%可以由其相邻节点解释。焦虑症状中的GAD3和GAD2的可预测性分别为0.77，0.76，在模型中高于其他节点。
2.3　青少年受欺凌经历与焦虑、抑郁症状网络各节点标准化的预期影响和桥梁预期影响
由图2所示，标准化预期影响(Z-score)>1的有OBVQ5、“心情低落(PHQ2)”、GAD2和GAD3(标准化EI值分别为2.09，1.52，1.23，1.11)。标准化桥梁预期影响(Z-score)>1的有“自伤或自杀想法(PHQ9)”“易怒(GAD6)”“自我评价低(PHQ6)”和GAD1(标准化BEI值分别为2.15，1.27，1.25，1.04)。此外，剔除案例自举法结果表明，预期影响、桥梁预期影响CS-C值分别为0.75和0.67(均>0.50)，稳定性较高。
2.4　不同性别、学段青少年受欺凌经历与焦虑、抑郁症状网络的差异比较
经Network Comparison Test分析，男生与女生之间网络结构差异无统计学意义(M=0.17)，网络整体强度差异无统计学意义(S=0.04)；初中生与高中生之间网络结构(M=0.14)和整体强度(S=0.14)差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。
3　讨论
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本研究中青少年抑郁症状报告率为24.67%，焦虑症状为16.33%，受欺凌经历为16.58%。其中男生受欺凌经历报告率高于女生，初中生受欺凌经历报告率高于高中生，与国内其他研究结果一致[13]，可能是因为男生易冲动，常有攻击倾向，从而易发生欺凌事件[14]。其次，青少年身体、情感和社会能力随着年龄增长逐渐增强，可能会在一定程度降低欺凌事件发生[14]。
本研究结果显示，OBVQ5是网络的重要核心症状。传统回归分析表明，被拿走或损坏财物等躯体欺凌行为是焦虑和抑郁症状的独立危险因素[15]，本研究进一步揭示了其在受欺凌、焦虑和抑郁症状网络中可能的枢纽作用。在受欺凌症状群内部，OBVQ5与OBVQ3、OBVQ6有着较强关联，提示部分青少年在被拿走或损坏财物时可能伴随着多种类型的欺凌。OBVQ5和OBVQ3作为躯体欺凌的表现，可能通过加剧社交退缩和物质损失，与言语欺凌形成叠加效应，使受欺凌青少年产生焦虑或抑郁等心理健康问题[16]。在症状群之间，青少年个人财物被侵犯可能触发“失控感”和“不安全感”，进而通过条件化恐惧学习将受欺凌经历泛化为对环境的持续性警觉，导致“难以控制担忧”等焦虑症状[17]。其次，财物被侵犯也可能诱导个体产生认知偏差，引发其与抑郁症状的关联[18]。因此，“拿走或损坏财物”等核心症状主导的多种欺凌行为共存、焦虑和抑郁症状交织，可能增加受害者心理负担，也可能使相关预防工作变得更为复杂。
本研究发现，PHQ9及GAD6的桥梁预期影响系数位居前二，为连接不同症状群的主要桥梁症状。表明受欺凌经历产生的无助感可能使自伤或自杀意念成为回避心理困扰的认知策略，使PHQ9参与了焦虑与抑郁间的联系[19]。如Hu等[20]研究显示，自伤行为与经验性回避、焦虑和抑郁之间均存在正相关。另外，易怒是个体面临挫折和威胁的攻击性反应，在欺凌情境中表现为受同伴侵害时的情绪失调，其可能是焦虑与抑郁间转化的“催化剂”[21]。虽然易怒与焦虑症状相关，但在青少年时期，易怒和抑郁症状共存是常见的情绪状态，且易怒与自伤行为存在关联[22]。本研究通过网络分析发现PHQ9及GAD6可能是该症状网络的干预靶点。有研究显示，心理弹性可能通过提高受欺凌青少年情绪调节能力，降低“自伤行为”风险[23]。也有研究揭示，在不同社会支持水平下，青少年的易怒频率存在差异，高社会支持组青少年易怒频率最低[24]。因此，通过提高青少年心理弹性和社会支持水平等措施，削弱受欺凌经历与抑郁症状、焦虑症状的桥梁症状联系，可能是减少受欺凌经历对青少年心理健康危害的有效对策。另外，家庭、学校及社会应当建立完善的心理支持体系，为青少年提供专业的心理健康指导，从而促进青少年身心健康全面发展。
综上所述，本研究通过构建青少年受欺凌经历与焦虑、抑郁症状的关系网络，探讨了网络中的核心症状、桥梁症状和症状间关联，可为未来开展防治青少年欺凌行为、改善焦虑和抑郁症状等相关研究提供参考。虽然本研究分析得出不同性别、不同学段青少年的网络结构差异无统计学意义，但影响受欺凌经历与焦虑、抑郁症状的因素较多，未来可构建混合网络模型以确定其他协变量在网络中的的影响。
基金
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  • 广西自然基金重点项目(2022GXNSFDA035077)；广西哲学社会科学研究项目(23FSH027)
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2025年第46卷第10期
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doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025290
  • 接收时间：2025-06-23
  • 首发时间：2026-11-06
  • 出版时间：2025-10-25
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  • 收稿日期：2025-06-23
  • 修回日期：2025-06-30
基金
广西自然基金重点项目(2022GXNSFDA035077)；广西哲学社会科学研究项目(23FSH027)
作者信息
    1广西医科大学公共卫生学院，南宁 530021
    2贵港市疾病预防控制中心(贵港市卫生监督所医疗卫生所)，南宁 530021
    3武汉大学公共卫生学院，南宁 530021
    4广西卫生职业技术学院临床医学院，南宁 530021

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