Article(id=1325530664443073356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, issueId=1325530655635039055, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025289, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1750780800000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-25, revisedDate=1755187200000, revisedDateStr=2025-08-15, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793960737572, onlineDateStr=2026-11-06, pubDate=1761321600000, pubDateStr=2025-10-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793960737572, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793960737572, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793960737572, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1325530655635039055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, year='2025', volume='46', issue='10', pageStart='1369', pageEnd='1520', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1761321600000', pubDateStr='2025-10-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793960735472, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793960735472, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1381, endPage=1386, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1325530667412640591, articleId=1325530664443073356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=EN, title=Meta-analysis of the relationship between maternal adverse childhood experiences and offspring maladaptive social behaviors, columnId=1325530667274228558, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of School Health, columnName=Column on Mental Health Effects of Adverse Experiences, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To systematically evaluate the association between maternal adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and offspring social behavior, so as to provide a theoretical basis for further research on intergenerational social behavioral development.

Methods

Relevant research literature about maternal ACEs and the development of children's maladaptive social behaviors were collected, from China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP, Wanfang, SinoMed, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase and SpringLink databases, covering the period from the inception of each database to May 2025. The Chinese database matched and searched through three groups of keywords: "Pregnant women" "Mothers" and "Women"; "Bad childhood experience" "Bad early experience" and "Bad adolescent experience"; "Children" "Teenagers" "Children's behavior" "Children's development" "Teenagers' behavior" "Internalized behavior" and "Externalized behavior". The English database was searched by three groups of keywords: "Female" "Pregnant women" "Mothers"; "Adverse childhood experiences" "Adverse early childhood experiences" "Adverse experiences of adolescent"; "Child behavior" "Child development" "Adolescent behavior" "Internalized behaviors" "Externalized behaviors". The selected literature was evaluated for quality and data extraction, with OR and 95%CI as effect indicators. Stata 16.0 software was used for heterogeneity testing, subgroup analysis, and publication bias analysis.

Results

A total of 14 studies involving 64 302 mother-child pairs were included. The Meta-analysis results showed a significant correlation between maternal ACEs and both offspring maladaptive internalized behaviors (OR=1.75, 95%CI=1.42-2.15, P < 0.01) and externalized behaviors (OR=1.82, 95%CI=1.51-2.20, P < 0.01). The results of subgroup analyses showed that in different regions[internalized behaviors: domestic, foreign OR(95%CI)=2.03(1.49-2.76), 1.55(1.19-2.03); externalized behaviors: domestic, foreign OR(95%CI)=2.41(1.52-3.82), 1.65(1.36-2.01)], study type[internalized behaviors: cohort study, cross-sectional study OR(95%CI)=1.64(1.34-2.00), 1.85(1.30-2.65); externalized behaviors: cohort study, cross-sectional study OR(95%CI)=1.76(1.46-2.12), 2.12(1.40-3.20)], sample size [internalized behaviors: ≥4 000, < 4 000 pairs OR(95%CI)=1.69(1.13-2.55), 1.77(1.41-2.24); externalized behaviors: ≥3 000, < 3 000 pairs OR(95%CI)=1.72(1.37-2.17), 2.13(1.44-3.15)], there were significant and positive association between mothers' ACEs and children's internalizing and externalizing behaviors (all P < 0.05).

Conclusion

A substantial positive association exists between maternal ACEs and the development of offspring maladaptive internalized and externalized behaviors, but the result needs to be continued to be validated by more research.

, authors=Lüman XIAO1, 2, Xiaofei NIE2, Li KE2, Shiying JIANG1, Bing LIU*, 1, authorsList=Lüman XIAO, Xiaofei NIE, Li KE, Shiying JIANG, Bing LIU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Bing LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Chinese Journal of School Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1325530686727410523, articleId=1325530664443073356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=CN, title=母亲不良童年经历与儿童不良社会行为关系的Meta分析, columnId=1325530669090362192, journalTitle=中国学校卫生, columnName=不良经历的心理健康效应专栏, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

分析母亲不良童年经历与儿童社会行为的相关性,为进一步开展母亲及儿童社会行为相关研究提供理论依据。

方法

检索建库至2025年5月中国知网(CNKI)、维普、万方、SinoMed、PubMed、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、Embase、SpringLink数据库中与母亲不良童年经历和儿童不良社会行为发展相关的研究。中文数据库通过3组关键词进行匹配检索:“孕产妇”“母亲”“女性”; “童年不良经历”“早年不良经历”“青少年不良经历”; “儿童”“青少年”“儿童行为”“儿童发展”“青少年行为”“内化行为”“外化行为”。英文数据库通过3组关键词进行检索:“Female”“Pregnant women”“Mothers”; “Adverse childhood experiences”“Adverse early childhood experiences”“Adverse experiences of adolescent”; “Child behavior”“Child development” “Adolescent behavior”“Internalized behaviors”“Externalized behaviors”。对筛选出的文献进行质量评价、资料提取,以比值比(OR)和置信区间(95%CI)为效应指标。采用State 16.0软件进行异质性检验、亚组分析、发表偏倚分析等。

结果

最终纳入14篇文献,共64 302对母子。Meta分析结果显示,母亲不良童年经历与儿童不良的内化行为(OR=1.75,95%CI=1.42~2.15)和外化行为(OR=1.82,95%CI=1.51~2.20)均呈正相关(P值均 < 0.01)。亚组分析结果显示,母亲不良童年经历与儿童不良的内化行为、外化行为在不同研究地区[内化行为:国内、国外OR值(95%CI)分别为2.03(1.49~2.76),1.55(1.19~2.03);外化行为:国内、国外OR值(95%CI)分别为2.41(1.52~3.82),1.65(1.36~2.01)]、研究方法[内化行为:队列研究、横断面研究OR值(95%CI)分别为1.64(1.34~2.00),1.85(1.30~2.65);外化行为:队列研究、横断面研究OR值(95%CI)分别为1.76(1.46~2.12),2.12(1.40~3.20)]、样本量[内化行为:≥4 000, < 4 000对OR值(95%CI)分别为1.69(1.13~2.55),1.77(1.41~2.24);外化行为:≥3 000, < 3 000对OR值(95%CI)分别为1.72(1.37~2.17),2.13(1.44~3.15)]等均呈正相关(P值均 < 0.05)。

结论

母亲不良童年经历与儿童不良内化行为、外化行为的发展均呈正相关,但该结果仍需要更多的研究继续验证。

, authors=肖侣熳1, 2, 聂小菲2, 柯丽2, 江世英1, 刘冰*, 1, authorsList=肖侣熳, 聂小菲, 柯丽, 江世英, 刘冰, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=刘冰, authorNote=

肖侣熳(2002-),女,湖北十堰人,在读硕士,主要研究方向为护理心理

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刘冰,E-mail:
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Dev Psychopathol, 2014, 26(2): 379-392., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325530794902705095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530664443073356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=34, rfOrder=38, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ROTH M C, HUMPHREYS K L, KING L S, et al. Attachment security in pregnancy mediates the association between maternal childhood maltreatment and emotional and behavioral problems in offspring[J]. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev, 2021, 52(5): 966-977., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325530797461230536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530664443073356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=35, rfOrder=39, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WIGGINS J L, MITCHELL C, HYDE L W, et al. Identifying early pathways of risk and resilience: the codevelopment of internalizing and externalizing symptoms and the role of harsh parenting[J]. Dev Psychopathol, 2015, 27(4 Pt 1): 1295-1312., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325530799944258505, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530664443073356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=36, rfOrder=40, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HALLIGAN S L, MURRAY L, MARTINS C, et al. Maternal depression and psychiatric outcomes in adolescent offspring: a 13-year longitudinal study[J]. J Affect Disord, 2007, 97(1/2/3): 145-154., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325530801613591498, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530664443073356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=37, rfOrder=41, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LINDE-KRIEGER L, YATES T M. Mothers' history of child sexual abuse and child behavior problems: the mediating role of mothers' helpless state of mind[J]. Child Maltreat, 2018, 23(4): 376-386., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325530802473423819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530664443073356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=38, rfOrder=42, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YOON Y, CEDERBAUM J A, MENNEN F E, et al. Linkage between teen mother's childhood adversity and externalizing behaviors in their children at age 11: three aspects of parenting[J]. Child Abuse Negl, 2019, 88: 326-336., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325530803245175756, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530664443073356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=39, rfOrder=43, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BERTHELON M, CONTRERAS D, KRUGER D, et al. Harsh parenting during early childhood and child development[J]. 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注:图中圆圈代表单个数据点,表示剔除一篇文献后重新计算剩下文献数据的OR值;短竖线表示该数据点OR值相应的95%CI。

, figureFileSmall=hnQrjNQX+xOgIurvcwiy/Q==, figureFileBig=S7eCtotf6ik3ARllr4giWQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325530731602269077, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530664443073356, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Publication bias in literature on the relationship between maternal adverse childhood experiences and children's adverse social behaviors, figureFileSmall=msCJxosJiB439b+oRsbIVw==, figureFileBig=C8UL6Fq6VVb6Myod3gNLYw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325530732055253910, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530664443073356, language=CN, label=图4, caption=母亲不良童年经历与儿童不良社会行为关系纳入文献的发表偏倚, figureFileSmall=msCJxosJiB439b+oRsbIVw==, figureFileBig=C8UL6Fq6VVb6Myod3gNLYw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325530733103829911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530664443073356, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Basic information of included literature on the relationship between maternal adverse childhood experiences and children's maladaptive social behavior

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
第一作者与年份国家研究方法样本量/对儿童社会心理类别测量工具儿童年龄/岁OR值(95%CI)文献质量评价
Moog(2023)[14]美国队列研究3 954内化问题工具4< 182.70(1.95~3.72)高
自闭症< 181.70(1.13~2.55)
多动症< 182.09(1.63~2.67)
McDonald(2019)[15]加拿大队列研究3 000多动/注意力不集中工具431.50(1.16~1.94)高
高程度身体攻击性31.61(1.21~2.13)
焦虑/情绪障碍31.46(1.06~2.02)
高水平分离焦虑31.32(1.03~1.70)
Wang(2022)[16]中国横断面研究7 318行为问题工具34.43±0.982.91(2.45~3.45)中
Zhang(2025)[17]中国横断面研究3 672抑郁工具213.98±1.621.31(1.07~1.61)高
Doi(2021)[18]日本横断面研究9 390儿童行为问题工具7< 182.04(1.64~2.44)中
儿童抑郁症状工具10< 180.69(0.39~0.99)
Moon(2021)[19]韩国横断面研究461注意力缺陷多动障碍工具113.26±3.911.24(1.04~1.48)中
Na(2021)[20]韩国横断面研究156创伤后应激障碍工具116.58±1.473.01(1.24~7.31)中
Luo(2023)[21]中国横断面研究4 243冲动-多动工具34.60±1.002.24(1.29~3.88)高
焦虑4.60±1.002.46(1.30~4.46)
Li(2024)[22]中国横断面研究9 647行为问题工具75.1±0.92.39(1.95~2.94)中
Hetherington(2020)[23]加拿大队列研究2 909内化行为工具9< 181.58(1.12~2.23)中
外化行为< 182.59(1.75~3.80)
McConnell(2025)[24]美国队列研究5 445外化行为工具54~141.50(1.25~1.80)高
内化行为4~141.50(1.23~1.81)
郭锋(2022)[25]中国横断面研究3 655自闭症工具63~62.77(1.92~3.99)中
李秋容(2024)[26]中国横断面研究805解决问题能力工具83~5.63.80(1.20~12.00)中
沟通能力3~5.66.90(2.30~20.30)
粗大动作3~5.63.80(1.50~9.70)
余伟强(2022)[27]中国横断面研究9 647情绪症状工具75.1±0.93.09(2.28~4.18)中
品行问题5.1±0.92.18(1.70~2.80)
多动障碍5.1±0.92.07(1.67~2.57)
同伴交往5.1±0.91.26(1.08~1.47)
亲社会行为5.1±0.91.37(1.12~1.67)
), ArticleFig(id=1325530734018188184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530664443073356, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

母亲不良童年经历与儿童不良社会行为关系纳入文献的基本信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
第一作者与年份国家研究方法样本量/对儿童社会心理类别测量工具儿童年龄/岁OR值(95%CI)文献质量评价
Moog(2023)[14]美国队列研究3 954内化问题工具4< 182.70(1.95~3.72)高
自闭症< 181.70(1.13~2.55)
多动症< 182.09(1.63~2.67)
McDonald(2019)[15]加拿大队列研究3 000多动/注意力不集中工具431.50(1.16~1.94)高
高程度身体攻击性31.61(1.21~2.13)
焦虑/情绪障碍31.46(1.06~2.02)
高水平分离焦虑31.32(1.03~1.70)
Wang(2022)[16]中国横断面研究7 318行为问题工具34.43±0.982.91(2.45~3.45)中
Zhang(2025)[17]中国横断面研究3 672抑郁工具213.98±1.621.31(1.07~1.61)高
Doi(2021)[18]日本横断面研究9 390儿童行为问题工具7< 182.04(1.64~2.44)中
儿童抑郁症状工具10< 180.69(0.39~0.99)
Moon(2021)[19]韩国横断面研究461注意力缺陷多动障碍工具113.26±3.911.24(1.04~1.48)中
Na(2021)[20]韩国横断面研究156创伤后应激障碍工具116.58±1.473.01(1.24~7.31)中
Luo(2023)[21]中国横断面研究4 243冲动-多动工具34.60±1.002.24(1.29~3.88)高
焦虑4.60±1.002.46(1.30~4.46)
Li(2024)[22]中国横断面研究9 647行为问题工具75.1±0.92.39(1.95~2.94)中
Hetherington(2020)[23]加拿大队列研究2 909内化行为工具9< 181.58(1.12~2.23)中
外化行为< 182.59(1.75~3.80)
McConnell(2025)[24]美国队列研究5 445外化行为工具54~141.50(1.25~1.80)高
内化行为4~141.50(1.23~1.81)
郭锋(2022)[25]中国横断面研究3 655自闭症工具63~62.77(1.92~3.99)中
李秋容(2024)[26]中国横断面研究805解决问题能力工具83~5.63.80(1.20~12.00)中
沟通能力3~5.66.90(2.30~20.30)
粗大动作3~5.63.80(1.50~9.70)
余伟强(2022)[27]中国横断面研究9 647情绪症状工具75.1±0.93.09(2.28~4.18)中
品行问题5.1±0.92.18(1.70~2.80)
多动障碍5.1±0.92.07(1.67~2.57)
同伴交往5.1±0.91.26(1.08~1.47)
亲社会行为5.1±0.91.37(1.12~1.67)
), ArticleFig(id=1325530735314228121, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530664443073356, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Subgroup analysis of the relationship between maternal adverse childhood experiences and children's internalizing and externalizing behaviors

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
亚组选项内化行为外化行为
研究数量OR值(95%CI)I2值/%P值研究数量OR值(95%CI)I2值/%P值
地区国内42.03(1.49~2.76)86.15< 0.0132.41(1.52~3.82)86.12< 0.01
国外61.55(1.19~2.03)80.51< 0.0151.65(1.36~2.01)74.46< 0.01
研究方法队列研究41.64(1.34~2.00)64.760.0241.76(1.46~2.12)60.040.04
横断面研究61.85(1.30~2.65)89.93< 0.0142.12(1.40~3.20)90.62< 0.01
样本量/对≥4 000/3 00041.69(1.13~2.55)88.18< 0.0141.72(1.37~2.17)79.47< 0.01
< 4 000/3 00061.77(1.41~2.24)74.38< 0.0142.13(1.44~3.15)85.63< 0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1325530736127923099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530664443073356, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

母亲不良童年经历与儿童内化行为、外化行为关系的亚组分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
亚组选项内化行为外化行为
研究数量OR值(95%CI)I2值/%P值研究数量OR值(95%CI)I2值/%P值
地区国内42.03(1.49~2.76)86.15< 0.0132.41(1.52~3.82)86.12< 0.01
国外61.55(1.19~2.03)80.51< 0.0151.65(1.36~2.01)74.46< 0.01
研究方法队列研究41.64(1.34~2.00)64.760.0241.76(1.46~2.12)60.040.04
横断面研究61.85(1.30~2.65)89.93< 0.0142.12(1.40~3.20)90.62< 0.01
样本量/对≥4 000/3 00041.69(1.13~2.55)88.18< 0.0141.72(1.37~2.17)79.47< 0.01
< 4 000/3 00061.77(1.41~2.24)74.38< 0.0142.13(1.44~3.15)85.63< 0.01
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母亲不良童年经历与儿童不良社会行为关系的Meta分析
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肖侣熳 1, 2 , 聂小菲 2 , 柯丽 2 , 江世英 1 , 刘冰 *, 1
中国学校卫生 | 不良经历的心理健康效应专栏 2025,46(10): 1381-1386
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中国学校卫生 |不良经历的心理健康效应专栏 2025 , 46 (10) : 1381 -1386
母亲不良童年经历与儿童不良社会行为关系的Meta分析
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肖侣熳1, 2, 聂小菲2, 柯丽2, 江世英1, 刘冰*, 1
作者信息
  • 1湖北医药学院卫生管理与卫生事业发展研究中心,十堰 442000
  • 2湖北医药学院护理学院,十堰 442000
通讯作者:
刘冰,E-mail:
作者简介:

肖侣熳(2002-),女,湖北十堰人,在读硕士,主要研究方向为护理心理

Meta-analysis of the relationship between maternal adverse childhood experiences and offspring maladaptive social behaviors
Lüman XIAO1, 2, Xiaofei NIE2, Li KE2, Shiying JIANG1, Bing LIU*, 1
Affiliations
  • 1Research Center for Health Management and Health Care Development, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei Province, China
出版时间: 2025-10-25 doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025289
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目的

分析母亲不良童年经历与儿童社会行为的相关性,为进一步开展母亲及儿童社会行为相关研究提供理论依据。

方法

检索建库至2025年5月中国知网(CNKI)、维普、万方、SinoMed、PubMed、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、Embase、SpringLink数据库中与母亲不良童年经历和儿童不良社会行为发展相关的研究。中文数据库通过3组关键词进行匹配检索:“孕产妇”“母亲”“女性”; “童年不良经历”“早年不良经历”“青少年不良经历”; “儿童”“青少年”“儿童行为”“儿童发展”“青少年行为”“内化行为”“外化行为”。英文数据库通过3组关键词进行检索:“Female”“Pregnant women”“Mothers”; “Adverse childhood experiences”“Adverse early childhood experiences”“Adverse experiences of adolescent”; “Child behavior”“Child development” “Adolescent behavior”“Internalized behaviors”“Externalized behaviors”。对筛选出的文献进行质量评价、资料提取,以比值比(OR)和置信区间(95%CI)为效应指标。采用State 16.0软件进行异质性检验、亚组分析、发表偏倚分析等。

结果

最终纳入14篇文献,共64 302对母子。Meta分析结果显示,母亲不良童年经历与儿童不良的内化行为(OR=1.75,95%CI=1.42~2.15)和外化行为(OR=1.82,95%CI=1.51~2.20)均呈正相关(P值均 < 0.01)。亚组分析结果显示,母亲不良童年经历与儿童不良的内化行为、外化行为在不同研究地区[内化行为:国内、国外OR值(95%CI)分别为2.03(1.49~2.76),1.55(1.19~2.03);外化行为:国内、国外OR值(95%CI)分别为2.41(1.52~3.82),1.65(1.36~2.01)]、研究方法[内化行为:队列研究、横断面研究OR值(95%CI)分别为1.64(1.34~2.00),1.85(1.30~2.65);外化行为:队列研究、横断面研究OR值(95%CI)分别为1.76(1.46~2.12),2.12(1.40~3.20)]、样本量[内化行为:≥4 000, < 4 000对OR值(95%CI)分别为1.69(1.13~2.55),1.77(1.41~2.24);外化行为:≥3 000, < 3 000对OR值(95%CI)分别为1.72(1.37~2.17),2.13(1.44~3.15)]等均呈正相关(P值均 < 0.05)。

结论

母亲不良童年经历与儿童不良内化行为、外化行为的发展均呈正相关,但该结果仍需要更多的研究继续验证。

母亲  /  生活变动事件  /  社会行为  /  Meta分析  /  精神卫生  /  儿童
Objective

To systematically evaluate the association between maternal adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and offspring social behavior, so as to provide a theoretical basis for further research on intergenerational social behavioral development.

Methods

Relevant research literature about maternal ACEs and the development of children's maladaptive social behaviors were collected, from China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP, Wanfang, SinoMed, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase and SpringLink databases, covering the period from the inception of each database to May 2025. The Chinese database matched and searched through three groups of keywords: "Pregnant women" "Mothers" and "Women"; "Bad childhood experience" "Bad early experience" and "Bad adolescent experience"; "Children" "Teenagers" "Children's behavior" "Children's development" "Teenagers' behavior" "Internalized behavior" and "Externalized behavior". The English database was searched by three groups of keywords: "Female" "Pregnant women" "Mothers"; "Adverse childhood experiences" "Adverse early childhood experiences" "Adverse experiences of adolescent"; "Child behavior" "Child development" "Adolescent behavior" "Internalized behaviors" "Externalized behaviors". The selected literature was evaluated for quality and data extraction, with OR and 95%CI as effect indicators. Stata 16.0 software was used for heterogeneity testing, subgroup analysis, and publication bias analysis.

Results

A total of 14 studies involving 64 302 mother-child pairs were included. The Meta-analysis results showed a significant correlation between maternal ACEs and both offspring maladaptive internalized behaviors (OR=1.75, 95%CI=1.42-2.15, P < 0.01) and externalized behaviors (OR=1.82, 95%CI=1.51-2.20, P < 0.01). The results of subgroup analyses showed that in different regions[internalized behaviors: domestic, foreign OR(95%CI)=2.03(1.49-2.76), 1.55(1.19-2.03); externalized behaviors: domestic, foreign OR(95%CI)=2.41(1.52-3.82), 1.65(1.36-2.01)], study type[internalized behaviors: cohort study, cross-sectional study OR(95%CI)=1.64(1.34-2.00), 1.85(1.30-2.65); externalized behaviors: cohort study, cross-sectional study OR(95%CI)=1.76(1.46-2.12), 2.12(1.40-3.20)], sample size [internalized behaviors: ≥4 000, < 4 000 pairs OR(95%CI)=1.69(1.13-2.55), 1.77(1.41-2.24); externalized behaviors: ≥3 000, < 3 000 pairs OR(95%CI)=1.72(1.37-2.17), 2.13(1.44-3.15)], there were significant and positive association between mothers' ACEs and children's internalizing and externalizing behaviors (all P < 0.05).

Conclusion

A substantial positive association exists between maternal ACEs and the development of offspring maladaptive internalized and externalized behaviors, but the result needs to be continued to be validated by more research.

Mothers  /  Life change events  /  Social behavior  /  Meta-analysis  /  Mental health  /  Child
肖侣熳, 聂小菲, 柯丽, 江世英, 刘冰. 母亲不良童年经历与儿童不良社会行为关系的Meta分析. 中国学校卫生, 2025 , 46 (10) : 1381 -1386 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025289
Lüman XIAO, Xiaofei NIE, Li KE, Shiying JIANG, Bing LIU. Meta-analysis of the relationship between maternal adverse childhood experiences and offspring maladaptive social behaviors[J]. Chinese Journal of School Health, 2025 , 46 (10) : 1381 -1386 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025289
不良童年经历(adverse childhood experiences, ACEs)是指发生在18岁之前的压力和/或创伤经历[1],包括童年虐待(情感、身体和性)、忽视(情感和身体)、家庭功能障碍(伴随家庭暴力、父母婚姻不和、药物滥用、精神疾病或家庭成员犯罪)以及各种暴力[2-3]。不良的童年经历在人群中普遍存在。国外一项针对17 337名成年人的大型观察性研究发现,64%的参与者报告了至少1次ACE,12.5%报告了4次或更多的ACEs[4]。来自发展和精神病理学研究的证据表明,母亲ACEs会影响孩子的心理健康和生活质量[5-6]。儿童不良社会心理行为主要分为内化行为和外化行为两种,其中内化行为问题[7-8]表现为影响个体内部心理特征和内部导向的行为模式(以抑郁、焦虑为特征),外化行为问题表现为对外部环境的消极反应(以多动障碍、攻击性为特征)[9-10]。儿童的发展轨迹是一个连贯且不断演进的过程,这些行为问题不仅直接影响儿童当前成长,还可能会导致他们在未来的生活、学习各方面遇到无尽挑战和困境[11]。本研究检索并分析了现有相关研究,聚焦于母亲ACEs对儿童不良社会行为的影响,以期为后续的相关研究提供参考与启示。
采用主题词和自由词相结合的方式进行检索,在中国知网(China National Knowledge Infrastructure, CNKI)、维普、万方、SinoMed、PubMed、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、Embase、SpringLink数据库中检索建库至2025年5月相关的文献。中文数据库通过3组关键词进行匹配检索:“孕产妇”“母亲”“女性”; “童年不良经历”“早年不良经历”“青少年不良经历”; “儿童”“青少年”“儿童行为”“儿童发展”“青少年行为”“内化行为”“外化行为”。英文数据库通过3组关键词进行检索:“Female”“Pregnant women”“Mothers”; “Adverse childhood experiences”“Adverse early childhood experiences”“Adverse experiences of adolescent”; “Child behavior”“Child development” “Adolescent behavior”“Internalized behaviors”“Externalized behaviors”。另外采用滚雪球的方式分析纳入文献的参考文献。
纳入标准:(1)研究对象为儿童青少年;(2)对于儿童社会行为有具体的测量工具;(3)母亲ACEs为暴露因素;(4)在结局指标中能够提供明确的优势比(odds ration,OR)及其95%CI。排除标准:(1)无法获取全文;(2)非中、英文文献;(3)重复发表、数据错误等。
由两名研究者独立筛选文献,并交叉核对,提取资料包括第一作者、年份、研究国家等数据。若遇分歧,则深入讨论解决或咨询第三方协助判断。
横断面研究参照循证卫生保健中心(Joanna Briggs Institute,JBI) 分析性调查的评价工具对获取的文献进行质量评估[12]。队列研究采用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表(Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, NOS)[13]进行质量评价。评分分为高(8~11分)、中等(4~7分)、低(0~3分)。
采用Stata 16.0软件进行分析。采用I2值判断研究间的异质性:若I2 < 50%且P>0.10,采用固定效应模型;若I2≥50%且P≤0.10,采用随机效应模型。根据不同研究地区、研究方法、样本量大小、儿童不良社会行为的测量工具对于内化、外化行为分别进行亚组分析,评估结果的可靠性。通过敏感性分析进一步评判结果的稳健性,对纳入的文献使用漏斗图分析发表偏倚。检验水准α=0.05。
共检索到文献2 673篇,经过筛检,将14篇文献纳入本研究[14-27],其中横断面研究10篇、队列研究4篇。具体文献筛选流程见图1。
最终纳入14篇文献,共包括64 302对母子。从研究对象的国家分布来看,中国样本占60.7%,国外样本占39.3%。从结局指标来看,主要分为内化行为、外化行为、总社会行为3种。对纳入的文献进行质量评价,其中文献质量高5篇、中等9篇。见表1。
由图2可见,各研究间内化行为异质性较高(I2=84.64%,P < 0.01),故采用随机效应模型。Meta分析结果显示,母亲ACEs与儿童内化行为的相关性有统计学意义(OR=1.75,95%CI=1.42~2.15,P < 0.01)。各研究间外化行为异质较高(I2=79.13%,P < 0.01),故采用随机效应模型。Meta分析结果显示,母亲ACEs与儿童外化行为的相关性有统计学意义(OR=1.82,95%CI=1.51~2.20,P < 0.01)。对于儿童总社会行为,本研究中提取的文献数量较少[16, 18, 22],因此未进行分析。
对纳入研究文献的国家、研究方法、样本量分别进行内化、外化行为的亚组分析,结果显示,以上潜在因素对结果的影响较小。见表2。
采用逐一剔除单个研究的方法进行敏感性分析,结果显示效应量未发生明显改变,提示本研究结果稳定可靠。见图3。
根据纳入的文献绘制漏斗图。见图4。结果显示,各点大致集中在图形的顶端,表明较多的研究样本量较大,研究结果更接近真实值,但从整体来看纳入文献一定程度上存在发表偏倚或选择性偏倚。
本次Meta分析发现,母亲ACEs很大程度上与儿童出现自闭症、焦虑情绪障碍、抑郁等各种内化行为问题有关联。也有学者发现,母亲的焦虑、抑郁症状、家庭冲突等各种经历极大增加了儿童出现内化行为问题的可能性[28-29]。具体而言,当母亲在童年时期遭受创伤时,类似不良经历可能以多种方式影响情绪和亲子关系,进而增加儿童出现内化行为问题的风险:(1)母亲的ACEs增加了母亲情绪的敏感性、脆弱性[30-32],在一定程度上会直接影响儿童,导致儿童在成长过程中出现抑郁、焦虑等一系列内化行为问题。如有研究表明,童年时期经历过虐待的母亲在育儿过程中较容易出现焦虑症状[33],且与儿童出现内化行为问题显著相关。(2)母亲ACEs一定程度上会通过亲子互动方式对儿童产生影响[34]。有以上经历的母亲可能更倾向于使用消极、控制的育儿策略,如过度保护、过度批评等,严重影响了儿童心理发展,从而增加了出现内化行为问题的可能性。
与内化行为问题不同,外化行为问题通常表现为攻击性、破坏性、反社会性的行为,与现有对于婴儿、儿童、青少年的研究结果一样[35-37],母亲的ACEs也被认为是导致儿童外化行为问题的重要因素之一。该关联同样可以归因于母亲在童年时期所遭受的心理创伤对其育儿态度的影响。母亲ACEs使得母亲在育儿过程中有较多愤怒、冲动的表现[38],儿童长期生活在此种环境下会通过模仿、观察学习这些行为,长此以往他们更容易出现较多的不良外化行为。同时,母亲ACEs会影响其对于儿童行为的反应,经历过童年虐待的母亲在日常生活中更倾向于对儿童日常行为采取严厉惩罚性或忽视性的态度[39],在一定程度上不仅无法纠正儿童的不良行为,反而可能导致儿童通过增加反感、反抗情绪来表达自己的不满,进一步加剧外化行为问题。
本次研究发现,母亲ACEs与其子女的内化和外化行为问题呈正相关。母亲ACEs对于儿童行为发展有显著影响,且可能随着母亲的育儿方式、育儿情绪、家庭环境而对儿童产生长期的影响。为此提出以下意见建议:(1)积极筛查行为异常的儿童,为有相同经历儿童提供早期心理健康干预和专业的辅导;(2)加强母亲心理健康教育,提供心理咨询服务,减轻ACEs的代际影响。
研究局限性以及未来展望:(1)由于相关数据不足,未具体对母亲每一类ACEs的心理影响进行分析,后期此内容还需要继续研究,从而为母亲与儿童提供针对性的干预措施;(2)由于母亲ACEs为回顾性数据,可能存在回忆偏倚,对研究结果造成一定的影响;(3)此次主要讨论了母亲ACEs对儿童的影响,未来还可以考虑如父亲、兄弟姐妹等其他照顾者ACEs对儿童成长的影响。
  • 2023年湖北省教育厅哲学社会科学青年项目(23Q175);2024年湖北省教育厅哲学社会科学重点项目(24D088)
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2025年第46卷第10期
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doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025289
  • 接收时间:2025-06-25
  • 首发时间:2026-11-06
  • 出版时间:2025-10-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-06-25
  • 修回日期:2025-08-15
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2023年湖北省教育厅哲学社会科学青年项目(23Q175);2024年湖北省教育厅哲学社会科学重点项目(24D088)
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    1湖北医药学院卫生管理与卫生事业发展研究中心,十堰 442000
    2湖北医药学院护理学院,十堰 442000

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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