Article(id=1325530146463301708, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, issueId=1325530078536553117, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025285, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1745337600000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-23, revisedDate=1749484800000, revisedDateStr=2025-06-10, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793960614076, onlineDateStr=2026-11-06, pubDate=1758729600000, pubDateStr=2025-09-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793960614076, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793960614076, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793960614076, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1325530078536553117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, year='2025', volume='46', issue='9', pageStart='1217', pageEnd='1368', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1758729600000', pubDateStr='2025-09-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793960597879, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793960597879, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1232, endPage=1236, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1325530146752708685, articleId=1325530146463301708, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=EN, title=Association between mental health and muscle strength among Chinese adolescents aged 13-18, columnId=1325530092633608953, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of School Health, columnName=Column on Child and Adolescent Mental Health Promotion, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the association between mental health and muscle strength among Chinese adolescents aged 13-18, providing a theoretical foundation and intervention strategies for mental health promotion.

Methods

Data were obtained from the 2019 Chinese National Survey on Students' Constitution and Health, including 98 631 Chinese adolescents aged 13-18. Psychological distress was assessed by using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), and mental well-being was measured with the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS). Based on the gender- and age-specific Z-scores of various test items [grip strength, standing long jump, pull-ups (for males), and sit-ups (for females)], muscle strength index (MSI) was constructed to evaluate the comprehensive level of muscle strength in adolescents. According to the Dual-factor Model (DFM) of mental health, participants were categorized into four groups: troubled, symptomatic but content, vulnerable, and complete mental health. Gender differences were analyzed by using Chi-square tests, trends were tested with Cochran-Armitage tests, and multinomial Logistic regression models were applied to assess associations between muscle strength and mental health among adolescents.

Results

In 2019, 37.4% of Chinese adolescents aged 13-18 were reported of high mental distress, and 59.9% were reported of low mental well-being. Boys had significantly lower rates of high mental distress (35.3%) and low mental well-being (55.6%) compared to girls (39.4%, 64.3%), and the differences were of statistical significance (χ2=176.13, 780.42, both P < 0.05). In 2019, the rate of complete mental health among adolescents showed a downward trend with increasing age (χtrend2=258.47) and a gradual upward trend with increasing muscle strength levels (χtrend2=123.14), and both boys and girls exhibited similar trends (χtrend2=103.83, 168.46; 57.00, 67.34) (all P < 0.05). The results of the unordered multiclass Logistic regression model showed that after controlling for confounding factors such as age and gender, when the completely pathological group as a reference, for every 1 unit increase in MSI in adolescents, the likelihood of being in a completely mental health state increased by 29% (OR=1.29); for every unit increase in the Z-score for pull-ups, the likelihood of being in a completely mental health state increased by 6% (OR=1.06) among boys; for every 1 unit increase in sit-up Z-score, the likelihood of being in a completely mental health state increased by 19% (OR=1.19) among girls (all P < 0.05).

Conclusions

The mental health status of Chinese adolescents is not good enough. Muscle strength is positively associated with mental health.

, authors=Ruolan YANG1, Shan CAI1, Ning MA2, Jiajia DANG1, Yunfei LIU1, Yihang ZHANG1, Ziyue CHEN1, Jiaxin LI1, Tianyu HUANG1, Lili LU1, Ziyue SUN1, Yang YANG1, Peijin HU1, Jun MA1, Yi SONG*, 1, authorsList=Ruolan YANG, Shan CAI, Ning MA, Jiajia DANG, Yunfei LIU, Yihang ZHANG, Ziyue CHEN, Jiaxin LI, Tianyu HUANG, Lili LU, Ziyue SUN, Yang YANG, Peijin HU, Jun MA, Yi SONG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yi SONG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Chinese Journal of School Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1325530147327328336, articleId=1325530146463301708, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=CN, title=中国13~18岁青少年心理健康及其与肌肉力量的关联, columnId=1325530092839129851, journalTitle=中国学校卫生, columnName=儿童青少年心理健康促进专栏, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探讨中国13~18岁青少年心理健康与肌肉力量水平的关联,为青少年心理健康促进提供理论依据和干预方向。

方法

采用2019年全国学生体质与健康调研数据,研究对象为98 631名13~18岁青少年。使用凯斯勒心理困扰量表(K10)评估青少年的心理困扰,使用沃里克-爱丁堡积极心理健康量表(WEMWBS)评估青少年的心理幸福感;根据各测试项目握力、立定跳远、引体向上(男生)、仰卧起坐(女生)的性别、年龄别Z评分构建肌肉力量指数(MSI),以评价青少年肌肉力量的综合水平。根据心理健康双因素模型,将心理健康状态分为完全病态、部分病态、部分心理健康和完全心理健康4类。使用χ2检验比较性别差异,采用Cochran-Armitage检验进行趋势检验,建立无序多分类Logistic回归模型分析青少年心理健康与肌肉力量的关联。

结果

2019年中国13~18岁青少年高心理困扰报告率为37.4%,低主观幸福感报告率为59.9%。男生高心理困扰报告率(35.3%)和低主观幸福感报告率(55.6%)均低于女生(39.4%,64.3%),差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为176.13,780.42,P值均 < 0.05)。2019年青少年完全心理健康率随年龄的增加呈现下降趋势(χ趋势2=258.47),且随肌肉力量水平的提升呈现逐渐上升趋势(χ趋势2=123.14),男、女生中均有类似趋势(χ趋势2值分别为103.83,168.46;57.00,67.34)(P值均 < 0.05)。无序多分类Logistic回归模型结果显示,控制年龄、性别等混杂因素后,以完全病态组为参照时,青少年MSI每升高1个单位,处于完全心理健康状态的可能性增加29%(OR=1.29);在男生中,引体向上Z评分每升高1个单位,处于完全心理健康状态的可能性增加6%(OR=1.06);在女生中,仰卧起坐Z评分每升高1个单位,处于完全心理健康状态的可能性增加19%(OR=1.19)(P值均 < 0.05)。

结论

中国青少年心理健康状况欠佳,肌肉力量水平与心理健康状态呈正相关。

, authors=杨若澜1, 蔡珊1, 马宁2, 党佳佳1, 刘云飞1, 张依航1, 陈子玥1, 李佳欣1, 黄天彧1, 芦利利1, 孙子曰1, 杨旸1, 胡佩瑾1, 马军1, 宋逸*, 1, authorsList=杨若澜, 蔡珊, 马宁, 党佳佳, 刘云飞, 张依航, 陈子玥, 李佳欣, 黄天彧, 芦利利, 孙子曰, 杨旸, 胡佩瑾, 马军, 宋逸, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=宋逸, authorNote=

杨若澜(2002-),女,北京市人,在读硕士,主要研究方向为儿童青少年肌肉力量指数

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宋逸,E-mail:
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J Youth Adolesc, 2017, 46(4): 840-853., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325530160350642385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530146463301708, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=26, rfOrder=31, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ROMERO-PÉREZ E M, GONZÁLEZ-BERNAL J J, SOTO-CÁMA-RA R, et al. Influence of a physical exercise program in the anxiety and depression in children with obesity[J]. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2020, 17(13): 4655., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325530160572940498, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530146463301708, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=27, rfOrder=32, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=RODRIGUEZ-AYLLON M, NEUMANN A, HOFMAN A, et al. Neurobiological psychosocial, and behavioral mechanisms mediating associations between physical activity and psychiatric symptoms in youth in the Netherlands[J]. JAMA Psychiatry, 2023, 80(5): 451-458., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1325530156332499121, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530146463301708, awardId=null, language=CN, fundingSource=科技部重点研发计划项目(2024YFC2707901), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1325530147570597969, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530146463301708, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325530147578986578, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530146463301708, companyId=1325530147570597969, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Public Health/Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325530147587375187, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530146463301708, companyId=1325530147570597969, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1北京大学公共卫生学院/北京大学儿童青少年卫生研究所,北京 100191)]), AuthorCompany(id=1325530147650289748, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530146463301708, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325530147658678357, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530146463301708, companyId=1325530147650289748, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2清华大学万科公共卫生与健康学院)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1325530155539775657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530146463301708, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Complete psychological health rates of adolescents by different ages and muscle strength levels, figureFileSmall=a7d6/wOQbMjYxgE2OwbZaQ==, figureFileBig=GcOJo7LKrkynBfjdIZF9uA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325530155611078826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530146463301708, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同年龄和肌肉力量水平青少年完全心理健康率, figureFileSmall=a7d6/wOQbMjYxgE2OwbZaQ==, figureFileBig=GcOJo7LKrkynBfjdIZF9uA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325530155799822507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530146463301708, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Comparison of distribution of demographic characteristics, mental health status and muscle strength level among adolescents by sex

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性别人数年龄段/岁城乡心理健康状态肌肉力量水平
13~1516~18城市乡村完全病态部分病态部分心理健康完全心理健康差中良优
男生49 62125 037(50.5)24 584(49.5)25 153(50.7)24 468(49.3)12 095(24.4)5 435(11.0)15 495(31.2)16 596(33.4)11 447(23.1)13 656(27.5)13 229(26.7)11 289(22.8)
女生49 01025 151(51.3)23 859(48.7)24 569(50.1)24 441(49.9)15 136(30.9)4 183(8.5)16 388(33.4)13 303(27.1)12 890(26.3)10 946(22.3)11 529(23.5)13 645(27.8)
χ2值7.293.07886.52719.67
P值0.010.08< 0.01< 0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1325530155875319980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530146463301708, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同性别青少年人口学特征、心理健康状态和肌肉力量水平分布比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性别人数年龄段/岁城乡心理健康状态肌肉力量水平
13~1516~18城市乡村完全病态部分病态部分心理健康完全心理健康差中良优
男生49 62125 037(50.5)24 584(49.5)25 153(50.7)24 468(49.3)12 095(24.4)5 435(11.0)15 495(31.2)16 596(33.4)11 447(23.1)13 656(27.5)13 229(26.7)11 289(22.8)
女生49 01025 151(51.3)23 859(48.7)24 569(50.1)24 441(49.9)15 136(30.9)4 183(8.5)16 388(33.4)13 303(27.1)12 890(26.3)10 946(22.3)11 529(23.5)13 645(27.8)
χ2值7.293.07886.52719.67
P值0.010.08< 0.01< 0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1325530155955011757, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530146463301708, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Association between mental health status and muscle strength levels among Chinese adolescents aged 13-18 years[OR(95%CI)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
心理健康状态肌肉力量总体(n=98 631)男生(n=49 621)女生(n=49 010)
部分病态中0.93(0.88~0.99)*0.97(0.89~1.05)0.90(0.82~0.98)*
良0.99(0.94~1.05)1.04(0.96~1.13)0.94(0.86~1.03)
优0.97(0.91~1.03)1.02(0.94~1.11)0.92(0.85~1.01)
部分心理健康中1.03(0.99~1.07)1.00(0.95~1.05)1.07(1.01~1.13)*
良0.99(0.95~1.03)0.95(0.90~1.00)1.02(0.97~1.08)
优0.95(0.91~0.98)**0.93(0.88~0.98)*0.96(0.91~1.01)
完全心理健康中1.12(1.08~1.17)**1.12(1.06~1.19)**1.12(1.05~1.19)**
良1.18(1.14~1.23)**1.17(1.11~1.23)**1.20(1.13~1.27)**
优1.34(1.29~1.39)**1.30(1.23~1.38)**1.38(1.30~1.45)**
), ArticleFig(id=1325530156038897838, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530146463301708, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

中国13~18岁青少年心理健康状态与肌肉力量水平关联[OR值(95%CI)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
心理健康状态肌肉力量总体(n=98 631)男生(n=49 621)女生(n=49 010)
部分病态中0.93(0.88~0.99)*0.97(0.89~1.05)0.90(0.82~0.98)*
良0.99(0.94~1.05)1.04(0.96~1.13)0.94(0.86~1.03)
优0.97(0.91~1.03)1.02(0.94~1.11)0.92(0.85~1.01)
部分心理健康中1.03(0.99~1.07)1.00(0.95~1.05)1.07(1.01~1.13)*
良0.99(0.95~1.03)0.95(0.90~1.00)1.02(0.97~1.08)
优0.95(0.91~0.98)**0.93(0.88~0.98)*0.96(0.91~1.01)
完全心理健康中1.12(1.08~1.17)**1.12(1.06~1.19)**1.12(1.05~1.19)**
良1.18(1.14~1.23)**1.17(1.11~1.23)**1.20(1.13~1.27)**
优1.34(1.29~1.39)**1.30(1.23~1.38)**1.38(1.30~1.45)**
), ArticleFig(id=1325530156126978223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530146463301708, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Association of mental health status with MSI and Z-scores of muscle strength components among Chinese adolescents aged 13-18 [OR(95%CI)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
心理健康状态自变量总体(n=98 631)男生(n=49 621)女生(n=49 010)
部分病态MSI0.97(0.93~1.01)1.01(0.95~1.08)0.94(0.88~1.00)*
握力1.01(0.99~1.03)1.02(0.99~1.05)1.00(0.97~1.03)
立定跳远1.00(0.98~1.02)0.99(0.96~1.02)1.01(0.98~1.04)
引体向上—1.01(0.98~1.04)—
仰卧起坐——0.92(0.89~0.95)**
部分心理MSI0.94(0.91~0.97)**0.92(0.88~0.96)**0.95(0.92~0.99)**
健康握力0.98(0.97~0.99)**0.96(0.95~0.98)**1.00(0.98~1.02)
立定跳远0.99(0.98~1.00)0.98(0.96~1.00)1.00(0.98~1.02)
引体向上—0.98(0.96~1.00)*—
仰卧起坐——0.96(0.94~0.97)**
完全心理MSI1.29(1.25~1.32)**1.26(1.20~1.31)**1.31(1.26~1.37)**
健康握力1.03(1.02~1.05)**1.05(1.03~1.07)**1.02(1.00~1.04)*
立定跳远1.10(1.09~1.12)**1.11(1.09~1.13)**1.09(1.07~1.11)**
引体向上—1.06(1.04~1.08)**—
仰卧起坐——1.19(1.17~1.22)**
), ArticleFig(id=1325530156223447216, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530146463301708, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

中国13~18岁青少年心理健康状态与MSI和各肌肉力量组分Z评分的关联[OR值(95%CI)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
心理健康状态自变量总体(n=98 631)男生(n=49 621)女生(n=49 010)
部分病态MSI0.97(0.93~1.01)1.01(0.95~1.08)0.94(0.88~1.00)*
握力1.01(0.99~1.03)1.02(0.99~1.05)1.00(0.97~1.03)
立定跳远1.00(0.98~1.02)0.99(0.96~1.02)1.01(0.98~1.04)
引体向上—1.01(0.98~1.04)—
仰卧起坐——0.92(0.89~0.95)**
部分心理MSI0.94(0.91~0.97)**0.92(0.88~0.96)**0.95(0.92~0.99)**
健康握力0.98(0.97~0.99)**0.96(0.95~0.98)**1.00(0.98~1.02)
立定跳远0.99(0.98~1.00)0.98(0.96~1.00)1.00(0.98~1.02)
引体向上—0.98(0.96~1.00)*—
仰卧起坐——0.96(0.94~0.97)**
完全心理MSI1.29(1.25~1.32)**1.26(1.20~1.31)**1.31(1.26~1.37)**
健康握力1.03(1.02~1.05)**1.05(1.03~1.07)**1.02(1.00~1.04)*
立定跳远1.10(1.09~1.12)**1.11(1.09~1.13)**1.09(1.07~1.11)**
引体向上—1.06(1.04~1.08)**—
仰卧起坐——1.19(1.17~1.22)**
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中国13~18岁青少年心理健康及其与肌肉力量的关联
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杨若澜 1 , 蔡珊 1 , 马宁 2 , 党佳佳 1 , 刘云飞 1 , 张依航 1 , 陈子玥 1 , 李佳欣 1 , 黄天彧 1 , 芦利利 1 , 孙子曰 1 , 杨旸 1 , 胡佩瑾 1 , 马军 1 , 宋逸 *, 1
中国学校卫生 | 儿童青少年心理健康促进专栏 2025,46(9): 1232-1236
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中国学校卫生 |儿童青少年心理健康促进专栏 2025 , 46 (9) : 1232 -1236
中国13~18岁青少年心理健康及其与肌肉力量的关联
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杨若澜1, 蔡珊1, 马宁2, 党佳佳1, 刘云飞1, 张依航1, 陈子玥1, 李佳欣1, 黄天彧1, 芦利利1, 孙子曰1, 杨旸1, 胡佩瑾1, 马军1, 宋逸*, 1
作者信息
  • 1北京大学公共卫生学院/北京大学儿童青少年卫生研究所,北京 100191
  • 2清华大学万科公共卫生与健康学院
通讯作者:
宋逸,E-mail:
作者简介:

杨若澜(2002-),女,北京市人,在读硕士,主要研究方向为儿童青少年肌肉力量指数

Association between mental health and muscle strength among Chinese adolescents aged 13-18
Ruolan YANG1, Shan CAI1, Ning MA2, Jiajia DANG1, Yunfei LIU1, Yihang ZHANG1, Ziyue CHEN1, Jiaxin LI1, Tianyu HUANG1, Lili LU1, Ziyue SUN1, Yang YANG1, Peijin HU1, Jun MA1, Yi SONG*, 1
Affiliations
  • 1School of Public Health/Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
出版时间: 2025-09-25 doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025285
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目的

探讨中国13~18岁青少年心理健康与肌肉力量水平的关联,为青少年心理健康促进提供理论依据和干预方向。

方法

采用2019年全国学生体质与健康调研数据,研究对象为98 631名13~18岁青少年。使用凯斯勒心理困扰量表(K10)评估青少年的心理困扰,使用沃里克-爱丁堡积极心理健康量表(WEMWBS)评估青少年的心理幸福感;根据各测试项目握力、立定跳远、引体向上(男生)、仰卧起坐(女生)的性别、年龄别Z评分构建肌肉力量指数(MSI),以评价青少年肌肉力量的综合水平。根据心理健康双因素模型,将心理健康状态分为完全病态、部分病态、部分心理健康和完全心理健康4类。使用χ2检验比较性别差异,采用Cochran-Armitage检验进行趋势检验,建立无序多分类Logistic回归模型分析青少年心理健康与肌肉力量的关联。

结果

2019年中国13~18岁青少年高心理困扰报告率为37.4%,低主观幸福感报告率为59.9%。男生高心理困扰报告率(35.3%)和低主观幸福感报告率(55.6%)均低于女生(39.4%,64.3%),差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为176.13,780.42,P值均 < 0.05)。2019年青少年完全心理健康率随年龄的增加呈现下降趋势(χ趋势2=258.47),且随肌肉力量水平的提升呈现逐渐上升趋势(χ趋势2=123.14),男、女生中均有类似趋势(χ趋势2值分别为103.83,168.46;57.00,67.34)(P值均 < 0.05)。无序多分类Logistic回归模型结果显示,控制年龄、性别等混杂因素后,以完全病态组为参照时,青少年MSI每升高1个单位,处于完全心理健康状态的可能性增加29%(OR=1.29);在男生中,引体向上Z评分每升高1个单位,处于完全心理健康状态的可能性增加6%(OR=1.06);在女生中,仰卧起坐Z评分每升高1个单位,处于完全心理健康状态的可能性增加19%(OR=1.19)(P值均 < 0.05)。

结论

中国青少年心理健康状况欠佳,肌肉力量水平与心理健康状态呈正相关。

精神卫生  /  肌力  /  回归分析  /  青少年
Objective

To explore the association between mental health and muscle strength among Chinese adolescents aged 13-18, providing a theoretical foundation and intervention strategies for mental health promotion.

Methods

Data were obtained from the 2019 Chinese National Survey on Students' Constitution and Health, including 98 631 Chinese adolescents aged 13-18. Psychological distress was assessed by using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), and mental well-being was measured with the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS). Based on the gender- and age-specific Z-scores of various test items [grip strength, standing long jump, pull-ups (for males), and sit-ups (for females)], muscle strength index (MSI) was constructed to evaluate the comprehensive level of muscle strength in adolescents. According to the Dual-factor Model (DFM) of mental health, participants were categorized into four groups: troubled, symptomatic but content, vulnerable, and complete mental health. Gender differences were analyzed by using Chi-square tests, trends were tested with Cochran-Armitage tests, and multinomial Logistic regression models were applied to assess associations between muscle strength and mental health among adolescents.

Results

In 2019, 37.4% of Chinese adolescents aged 13-18 were reported of high mental distress, and 59.9% were reported of low mental well-being. Boys had significantly lower rates of high mental distress (35.3%) and low mental well-being (55.6%) compared to girls (39.4%, 64.3%), and the differences were of statistical significance (χ2=176.13, 780.42, both P < 0.05). In 2019, the rate of complete mental health among adolescents showed a downward trend with increasing age (χtrend2=258.47) and a gradual upward trend with increasing muscle strength levels (χtrend2=123.14), and both boys and girls exhibited similar trends (χtrend2=103.83, 168.46; 57.00, 67.34) (all P < 0.05). The results of the unordered multiclass Logistic regression model showed that after controlling for confounding factors such as age and gender, when the completely pathological group as a reference, for every 1 unit increase in MSI in adolescents, the likelihood of being in a completely mental health state increased by 29% (OR=1.29); for every unit increase in the Z-score for pull-ups, the likelihood of being in a completely mental health state increased by 6% (OR=1.06) among boys; for every 1 unit increase in sit-up Z-score, the likelihood of being in a completely mental health state increased by 19% (OR=1.19) among girls (all P < 0.05).

Conclusions

The mental health status of Chinese adolescents is not good enough. Muscle strength is positively associated with mental health.

Mental health  /  Muscle strength  /  Regression analysis  /  Adolescent
杨若澜, 蔡珊, 马宁, 党佳佳, 刘云飞, 张依航, 陈子玥, 李佳欣, 黄天彧, 芦利利, 孙子曰, 杨旸, 胡佩瑾, 马军, 宋逸. 中国13~18岁青少年心理健康及其与肌肉力量的关联. 中国学校卫生, 2025 , 46 (9) : 1232 -1236 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025285
Ruolan YANG, Shan CAI, Ning MA, Jiajia DANG, Yunfei LIU, Yihang ZHANG, Ziyue CHEN, Jiaxin LI, Tianyu HUANG, Lili LU, Ziyue SUN, Yang YANG, Peijin HU, Jun MA, Yi SONG. Association between mental health and muscle strength among Chinese adolescents aged 13-18[J]. Chinese Journal of School Health, 2025 , 46 (9) : 1232 -1236 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025285
青少年面临着青春期过渡以及升学等多重压力,心理问题日渐凸显且不容忽视。全球一直在呼吁关注儿童青少年心理状态并积极干预[1-2]。已有研究表明,青少年心理健康状况与其身体素质水平间存在关联,肌肉力量作为身体素质的重要组成部分,也被认为与心理健康高度相关[3]。既往研究多报告单一心理健康指标,较少结合主观幸福感指标全面评估青少年心理健康[4-5]。此外,既往研究多观察单一肌肉力量指标,较少综合考虑全身肌肉力量水平与心理健康的关系,且缺乏覆盖全国多地区青少年的证据[6]。本研究使用2019年全国学生体质与健康调研数据分析中国青少年心理健康状况及其与肌肉力量之间的关联,为青少年心理健康促进提供理论依据和干预方向。
资料来源于2019年全国学生体质与健康调研原始数据库。先采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法,根据社会经济发展水平选择高、中、低3个片区。在定义片区时,综合考量各省(自治区、直辖市)地级市的区域生产总值、人均年总收入、人均食物消费量、人口自然增长率以及区域社会福利指数5个关键指标,并按照社会经济水平由高至低的顺序,将各地级市划分为3个水平,每个水平内单纯随机抽选1个地级市,分别对应高、中、低3个片区。每个片区内,分别在城市和乡村地区抽取调研样本,首先确定调研点校(基本与1985年第一次调研的点校相同),再以年级分层,以班级为单位,采用随机整群抽样构成调研样本。根据性别和城乡特征分为4类(每省共3个片区12类),1岁一个年龄组,每片区每类每个年龄组至少50人参与体质与健康测试,其中四年级及以上的学生在知情同意基础上进行自填式问卷调查,问卷由接受培训和考核的检测队人员在现场组织并指导学生填写[7-8]。本研究对全国30个省(自治区、直辖市)的13~18岁汉族青少年进行分析,在剔除肌肉力量指数(muscle strength index, MSI)相关数据以及心理健康等信息不完整个体后,共纳入98 631名青少年。其中男生49 621名,女生49 010名; 城市学生49 722名,乡村学生48 909名; 被试平均年龄为(15.5±1.7)岁。2019年全国学生体质与健康调研数据分析通过了北京大学生物医学伦理委员会的审查(批号:IRB00001052-19095)。
使用问卷收集年龄、性别、城乡、片区等指标。
(1) 使用凯斯勒心理困扰量表(Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, K10)对青少年过去30 d内心理困扰进行评估[9]。该量表由10个项目组成,每个条目采用Likert 5点计分,“1分=几乎没有”~“5分=所有时间”,总分10~50分,分数越高表明心理压力越大。根据先前的研究,K10总分分为10~ < 20,20~ < 25,25~ < 30,30~50分,分别表示无心理困扰、轻度心理困扰、中度心理困扰和重度心理困扰[10]。本研究将中度和重度心理困扰定义为高心理困扰,将无心理困扰或轻度心理困扰定义为低心理困扰[11-12]。本研究中K10的Cronbach α系数为0.95,探索性因子分析结果显示,KMO值为0.96,共提取1个特征值,解释总方差的67.7%,各条目因子负荷为0.78~0.86。(2)使用沃里克-爱丁堡积极心理健康量表(Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale,WEMWBS)对青少年主观幸福感进行评估[13]。WEMWBS由14个项目组成,每个条目采用Likert 5点计分,“1分=几乎没有”~“5分=所有时间”,总分14~70分,分数越高表明心理健康状况越好。WEMWBS总分≥56分具有高主观幸福感, < 56分具有低主观幸福感[14]。本研究中WEMWBS的Cronbach α系数为0.95,探索性因子分析结果显示,KMO值为0.96,共提取1个特征值,解释总方差的60.8%,各条目因子负荷为0.73~0.83。(3)参照心理健康双因素模型,将青少年的心理健康状态分为以下4类:完全病态(K10≥25分,WEMWBS < 56分)、部分病态(K10≥25分,WEMWBS≥56分)、部分心理健康(K10 < 25分,WEMWBS < 56分)和完全心理健康(K10 < 25分,WEMWBS≥56分)[15]。
对青少年上肢力量、下肢力量、核心力量3个肌肉力量组分进行测试,测试项目包括代表上肢力量的握力、代表下肢力量的立定跳远、代表核心力量的引体向上(男)或仰卧起坐(女)。根据各测试项目的性别、年龄别四分位数将受试者表现划分为优(≥P75)、良(P50~ < P75)、中(P25~ < P50)和差(< P25)4个水平。另外,根据各测试项目的性别、年龄别Z评分构建MSI评价青少年肌肉力量的综合水平,MSI=握力Z评分+立定跳远Z评分+引体向上Z评分(男生)[仰卧起坐Z评分(女生)]/身高3[16],并根据MSI的四分位数将其分为肌肉力量优(≥P75)、良(P50~ < P75)、中(P25~ < P50)和差(< P25)4个水平。
本研究严格遵循《2019年全国学生体质与健康调研工作手册》[17]与检测细则,所有测试人员在调查前均接受统一培训和考核。现场检测每日随机抽取3%对象进行形态指标复测,若误差率超过5%,及时分析原因并复测改正; 超过10%时,当日的检测数据视为无效,重新测量。数据采用CNSSCH专用软件双录入并进行逻辑一致性检验。
使用R 4.3.3软件进行数据分析,采用χ2检验比较男女生基本人口学特征、肌肉力量、心理健康的分布; 采用Cochran-Armitage检验分析完全心理健康率随年龄增加和随MSI等级增长的变化趋势; 采用混合效应模型中无序多分类Logistic回归模型,在调整性别、年龄、城乡、片区等社会人口学特征后,以完全病态组作为参照组,分析心理健康双因素模型的4类心理健康状态与MSI和3个肌肉力量组分的关系。双侧检验水准α=0.05。
2019年中国青少年高心理困扰报告率为37.4%(36 849名),低主观幸福感报告率为59.9%(59 114名); 男生分别为35.3%(17 530名)和55.6%(27 590名),均低于女生(39.4%,19 319名; 64.3%,31 524名),差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为176.13,780.42,P值均 < 0.05)。2019年中国青少年肌肉力量水平差的占24.7%(24 337名); 心理健康状态处于完全病态的占27.6%(27 231名),部分病态的占9.8%(9 618名),部分心理健康的占32.3%(31 883名),完全心理健康的占30.3%(29 899名); 男生完全心理健康、肌肉力量水平良和中的比例均高于女生,差异均有统计学意义(P值均 < 0.01)。见表1。
青少年完全心理健康率随年龄的增加呈现下降趋势(χ趋势2=258.47),男、女生中均有类似趋势(χ趋势2值分别为103.83,168.46,P值均 < 0.05),且该趋势在女生中更为明显。2019年中国青少年完全心理健康率随肌肉力量水平的提升呈现逐渐上升趋势(χ趋势2=123.14),且在男、女生中均呈现类似趋势(χ趋势2值分别为57.00,67.34)(P值均 < 0.05)。见图1。
在控制年龄、性别等混杂因素后,无序多分类Logistic回归分析结果显示,当以完全病态组作为参照组时,与肌肉力量水平差的青少年相比,肌肉力量为中、良、优水平的青少年处于完全心理健康状态的可能性增加(OR值分别为1.12,1.18和1.34,P值均 < 0.05)。分层分析结果显示,该关联在男生、女生亚组中结果一致。见表2。
由表3可见,单一肌肉力量组分表现出与MSI相似的作用。在控制年龄、性别等混杂因素后,无序多分类Logistic回归分析结果显示,当以完全病态组作为参照组时,MSI每升高1个单位,处于完全心理健康状态的可能性增加29%(OR=1.29);握力Z评分每升高1个单位,处于完全心理健康状态的可能性增加3%(OR=1.03);立定跳远Z评分每升高1个单位,处于完全心理健康状态的可能性增加10%(OR=1.10)(P值均 < 0.05)。在男生中,引体向上Z评分每升高1个单位,处于完全心理健康状态的可能性增加6%(OR=1.06);在女生中,仰卧起坐Z评分每升高1个单位,处于完全心理健康状态的可能性增加19%(OR=1.19)(P值均 < 0.05)。
本研究结果显示,2019年中国13~18岁青少年高心理困扰率为37.4%,低主观幸福感率为59.9%,心理健康处于完全病态、部分心理健康和完全心理健康状态的比例均在30%左右,处于部分病态的比例为9.8%。提示当前中国青少年心理健康状况不容乐观,需加快落实现有的儿童青少年心理健康行动计划[1],识别心理脆弱群体并探究影响因素,以进行更具针对性的干预。与2014年安徽、河南高中生调查结果相比(完全心理健康比例68.2%,完全病态比例5.7%),本研究完全心理健康比例较低(30.3%),完全病态比例较高(27.6%)[18],可能是由于所使用的调查工具不同导致的差异。本研究使用的K10通常用于大规模人群心理健康状况的筛查,但并不具有诊断性质[19],K10筛查的高心理困扰率高于基于《精神疾病诊断与统计手册(第四版)》的中国青少年心理问题检出率(17.6%)[20]及西部儿童抑郁量表检出率(23.9%)[21]; WEMWBS的低主观幸福感率也低于心理健康连续体量表结果[22],提示需开发更契合中国青少年的多维评估工具组合。
本研究发现,女生心理健康状况低于男生,与既往研究结果相似[3, 23]。一些研究认为,女生往往比男生有更多的反刍思维,即个体在经历负性情绪或负性事件之后,会反复思考原因、后果以及带给自己的感受等,这种思维通常会延长、加剧抑郁等症状的发生[24]。此外,本研究还发现,随着年龄的增长,青少年的心理健康状态呈现下降趋势,年龄越大可能会面临更多的压力源,包括学业压力的增加、家庭和同伴关系的转变、对性别角色文化期望的认识等,这些压力源也会使青少年面临更多的情绪挑战[25]。
本研究根据心理健康双因素模型评估了中国青少年的心理健康状态,并探讨了其与全身肌肉力量水平综合指标MSI的关系。本研究结果显示,心理健康状态与肌肉力量水平呈正相关,且这一关联在性别分层后存在剂量反应趋势,与既往研究一致[4, 26]。肌肉力量可能通过神经生物学机制、社会心理学机制和行为学机制等影响心理健康。神经生物学机制认为身体活动可以改善大脑的结构和功能从而增强心理健康; 社会心理学机制认为身体活动可以改善情绪、获得社会支持、增强自我效能感等从而促进心理健康; 行为学机制认为身体活动可以改善睡眠质量以及其他行为的良好变化从而促进心理健康[27]。进一步分层分析显示,不同肌群肌肉力量对心理健康均有作用,但在男女青少年中存在差异。男生立定跳远成绩与心理健康状态的关联最为显著,女生仰卧起坐成绩与心理健康状态的关联更为密切。此外,本研究构建的MSI比单一指标与心理健康的关联性更强。提示学校体育课程需设计性别差异化训练方案,并强调在青少年体质监测中引入综合肌肉力量评估的必要性。
综上所述,鉴于MSI与心理健康之间的正向关系,以及不同肌群对心理健康的作用存在性别特异性,本研究建议在青少年体质监测中引入综合肌肉力量的评估; 加强中学体育活动促进计划,增加针对肌肉力量训练的课程和活动,并设计性别差异化训练方案。
本研究也存在一定的局限性:(1)研究为横断面研究,无法验证因果关系; (2)研究采用自填式问卷评估青少年的心理健康状态,存在回忆偏倚和信息偏倚; (3)受问卷内容限制,研究的回归模型仅调整了基本的人口学信息,未涉及其他混杂因素如童年期不良经历、欺凌情况、不良家庭关系等,需要在今后进一步探索。
  • 科技部重点研发计划项目(2024YFC2707901)
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2025年第46卷第9期
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doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025285
  • 接收时间:2025-04-23
  • 首发时间:2026-11-06
  • 出版时间:2025-09-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-23
  • 修回日期:2025-06-10
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科技部重点研发计划项目(2024YFC2707901)
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    1北京大学公共卫生学院/北京大学儿童青少年卫生研究所,北京 100191
    2清华大学万科公共卫生与健康学院

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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