Article(id=1325530092457448184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, issueId=1325530078536553117, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025278, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1744387200000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-12, revisedDate=1753632000000, revisedDateStr=2025-07-28, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793960601199, onlineDateStr=2026-11-06, pubDate=1758729600000, pubDateStr=2025-09-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793960601199, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793960601199, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793960601199, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1325530078536553117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, year='2025', volume='46', issue='9', pageStart='1217', pageEnd='1368', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1758729600000', pubDateStr='2025-09-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793960597879, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793960597879, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1237, endPage=1241, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1325530092751049466, articleId=1325530092457448184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=EN, title=Relationship of college students' satisfaction with psychological health work in colleges and psychological capital with psychological health status, columnId=1325530092633608953, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of School Health, columnName=Column on Child and Adolescent Mental Health Promotion, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the impact mechanism of psychological health work in colleges on the psychological health status of college students, in order to provide a basis and practical guidance for optimizing the psychological health service system in colleges and formulating scientific and effective psychological capital intervention strategies.

Methods

Through stratified cluster random sampling, 1 148 colleges students were selected from 7 colleges in Shanghai from October to November 2024. A survey was conducted using the Satisfaction Questionnaire for Psychological Health Work in colleges, Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ) and Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90). Spearman correlation analysis, multiple Logistic regression analysis and structural equation model pathway analysis were conducted to analyze the relationship of psychological health work in colleges and psychological capital with psychological health status of college students.

Results

The scores of satisfaction with college psychological health work, PCQ, and SCL-90 were [2.78(2.55, 3.02), 3.08(2.85, 3.32), 1.56(1.42, 1.78)]. Spearman correlation analysis results showed that the four dimensions scores of satisfaction with psychological health work in colleges (satisfaction with psychological health course teaching, satisfaction with practical activities, satisfaction with psychological counseling services and satisfaction with crisis intervention and management) were negatively correlated with SCL-90 score of college students (r=-0.26, -0.31, -0.24, -0.21); the four dimensions scores of psychological capital (self-confidence, optimism, resilience, and hope) of college students were negatively correlated with SCL-90 score (r=-0.29, -0.34, -0.28, -0.29) (all P < 0.05). The results of multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for confounding factors such as gender, grade level, parents' highest education level, major type, and physical health status, compared with college students who were "very satisfied" with their psychological health work, those who were "very dissatisfied" and "dissatisfied" with their psychological health work had a higher proportion of poor psychological health status (OR=2.15, 1.68); compared to college students with higher level of psychological capital, those with lower level of psychological capital had a higher proportion of poor psychological health status (OR=2.73, 2.05) (all P < 0.05). The results of structural equation modeling path analysis showed that the satisfaction of psychological health work in colleges indirectly reduced psychological health risks by increasing psychological capital among colleges (β=0.12, P < 0.05), with mediation effect accounting for 60% of the total effect.

Conclusion

The satisfaction with psychological health work in colleges is positively correlated with both psychological health status and psychological capital among college students; and psychological capital, as an intermediary bridge, further amplifies and transmits the positive impact of satisfaction with psychological health work in colleges on psychological health among college students.

, authors=Aohang WANG, Peiru CHEN*, Qiang ZHANG, authorsList=Aohang WANG, Peiru CHEN, Qiang ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Peiru CHEN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Chinese Journal of School Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1325530093434721022, articleId=1325530092457448184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=CN, title=大学生对高校心理健康工作满意度和心理资本与心理健康状况的关系, columnId=1325530092839129851, journalTitle=中国学校卫生, columnName=儿童青少年心理健康促进专栏, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探讨高校心理健康工作对大学生心理健康状况的影响机制,为优化高校心理健康服务体系及制定科学有效的心理资本干预策略提供参考依据。

方法

采用分层整群随机抽样方法,于2024年10—11月抽取上海市7所高校1 148名大学生,采用高校心理健康工作满意度调查问卷、心理资本量表、症状自评量表(SCL-90)进行问卷调查。采用Spearman相关分析、多因素Logistic回归分析、结构方程模型路径分析高校心理健康工作满意度和心理资本与大学生心理健康状况的关系。

结果

高校心理健康工作满意度、心理资本量表和SCL-90得分分别为[2.78(2.55,3.02),3.08(2.85,3.32),1.56(1.42,1.78)]分。Spearman相关性分析结果显示,高校心理健康工作满意度的4个维度(心理健康课程教学满意度、实践活动满意度、心理咨询服务满意度、危机干预与管理满意度)得分与大学生SCL-90得分均呈负相关(r值分别为-0.26,-0.31,-0.24,-0.21);大学生心理资本4个维度(自信心、乐观性、韧性、希望)得分与SCL-90得分均呈负相关(r值分别为-0.29,-0.34,-0.28,-0.29)(P值均 < 0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,调整性别、年级、父母最高学历、专业类型、身体健康状况等混杂因素后,相较于对心理健康工作“很满意”的大学生,对心理健康工作“很不满意”和“不满意”的大学生心理健康状况较差的比例更高(OR值分别为2.15,1.68);相较于心理资本水平较高的大学生,心理资本水平较低的大学生心理健康状况较差的比例更高(OR值分别为2.73,2.05)(P值均 < 0.05)。结构方程模型路径分析结果显示,高校心理健康工作满意度通过提升大学生心理资本间接降低其心理健康风险(β=0.12,P < 0.05),中介效应占总效应的60%。

结论

高校心理健康工作满意度与大学生心理健康状况、心理资本均呈正相关,且心理资本作为中介桥梁,进一步放大并传递了高校心理健康工作满意度对大学生心理健康的积极影响。

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王翱航(1992-),男,河南平顶山人,硕士,讲师,主要研究方向为心理健康教育

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陈沛如,E-mail:
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注:图中数据为β值; *P < 0.05,**P < 0.01。

, figureFileSmall=cbO5dmDibRbYl1UsrPTVww==, figureFileBig=dgyTlyPNdYX+SR/FJE67wA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325530097188623131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530092457448184, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Distribution of constituent ratios of psychological work satisfaction and psychological capital level among college students of different groups

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别选项人数高校心理健康工作满意度心理资本水平
很不满意不满意一般满意很满意较高较低
性别男52816(3.03)41(7.77)167(31.63)241(45.64)63(11.93)224(42.42)304(57.58)
女62018(2.90)51(8.23)204(32.90)278(44.84)69(11.13)250(40.32)370(59.68)
年级大一2869(3.15)23(8.04)93(32.52)129(45.10)32(11.19)117(40.91)169(59.09)
大二3029(2.98)23(7.62)99(32.78)136(45.03)35(11.59)124(41.06)178(58.94)
大三29010(3.45)22(7.59)94(32.41)131(45.17)33(11.38)121(41.72)169(58.28)
大四2706(2.22)24(8.89)85(31.48)123(45.56)32(11.85)112(41.48)158(58.52)
合计1 14834(2.96)92(8.01)371(32.32)519(45.21)132(11.50)474(41.29)674(58.71)
), ArticleFig(id=1325530097268314908, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530092457448184, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同组别大学生心理工作满意度和心理资本水平构成比分布

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别选项人数高校心理健康工作满意度心理资本水平
很不满意不满意一般满意很满意较高较低
性别男52816(3.03)41(7.77)167(31.63)241(45.64)63(11.93)224(42.42)304(57.58)
女62018(2.90)51(8.23)204(32.90)278(44.84)69(11.13)250(40.32)370(59.68)
年级大一2869(3.15)23(8.04)93(32.52)129(45.10)32(11.19)117(40.91)169(59.09)
大二3029(2.98)23(7.62)99(32.78)136(45.03)35(11.59)124(41.06)178(58.94)
大三29010(3.45)22(7.59)94(32.41)131(45.17)33(11.38)121(41.72)169(58.28)
大四2706(2.22)24(8.89)85(31.48)123(45.56)32(11.85)112(41.48)158(58.52)
合计1 14834(2.96)92(8.01)371(32.32)519(45.21)132(11.50)474(41.29)674(58.71)
), ArticleFig(id=1325530097360589597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530092457448184, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Spearman correlation analysis of satisfaction with psychological health work in colleges and psychological capital with college students' psychological health status(r, n=1 148)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量心理健康课程教学实践活动心理咨询服务危机干预与管理自信性乐观性韧性希望
实践活动0.32**
心理咨询服务0.28**0.35**
危机干预与管理0.25**0.31**0.38**
自信0.18**0.22**0.15**0.12*
乐观0.24**0.27**0.18**0.14**0.46**
韧性0.16**0.19**0.13*0.16*0.38**0.44**
希望0.22**0.27**0.21**0.08*0.35**0.39**0.33**
SCL-90得分-0.26**-0.31**-0.24**-0.21**-0.29**-0.34**-0.28**-0.29*
), ArticleFig(id=1325530097444475678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530092457448184, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

高校心理健康工作满意度、心理资本与大学生心理健康状况的Spearman相关分析(r值,n=1 148)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量心理健康课程教学实践活动心理咨询服务危机干预与管理自信性乐观性韧性希望
实践活动0.32**
心理咨询服务0.28**0.35**
危机干预与管理0.25**0.31**0.38**
自信0.18**0.22**0.15**0.12*
乐观0.24**0.27**0.18**0.14**0.46**
韧性0.16**0.19**0.13*0.16*0.38**0.44**
希望0.22**0.27**0.21**0.08*0.35**0.39**0.33**
SCL-90得分-0.26**-0.31**-0.24**-0.21**-0.29**-0.34**-0.28**-0.29*
), ArticleFig(id=1325530097545138975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530092457448184, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Multivariate Logistic regression analysis of satisfaction with mental health work in colleges on the psychological health status of college students[OR(95%CI), n=1 148]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
高校心理健康工作满意度模型1模型2模型3
很满意1.001.001.00
满意1.12(0.85~1.48)1.10(0.83~1.46)1.08(0.81~1.44)
一般1.35(0.98~1.86)1.32(0.95~1.83)1.30(0.93~1.81)
不满意1.75(1.22~2.51)**1.70(1.18~2.45)**1.68(1.16~2.43)**
很不满意2.30(1.45~3.65)**2.25(1.41~3.59)**2.15(1.35~3.43)**
), ArticleFig(id=1325530097629025056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530092457448184, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

高校心理健康工作满意度对大学生心理健康状况的多因素Logistic回归分析[OR值(95%CI),n=1 148]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
高校心理健康工作满意度模型1模型2模型3
很满意1.001.001.00
满意1.12(0.85~1.48)1.10(0.83~1.46)1.08(0.81~1.44)
一般1.35(0.98~1.86)1.32(0.95~1.83)1.30(0.93~1.81)
不满意1.75(1.22~2.51)**1.70(1.18~2.45)**1.68(1.16~2.43)**
很不满意2.30(1.45~3.65)**2.25(1.41~3.59)**2.15(1.35~3.43)**
), ArticleFig(id=1325530097717105441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530092457448184, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Multivariate Logistic regression analysis of college students' psychological capital on their psychological health status[OR(95%CI), n=1 148]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
心理资本模型1模型2模型3
完全符合1.001.001.00
较符合1.25(0.95~1.65)1.22(0.92~1.62)1.20(0.90~1.60)
一般1.95(1.40~2.72)*1.90(1.36~2.66)*1.85(1.32~2.60)*
有点符合2.12(1.85~2.43)**2.08(1.79~2.40)**2.05(1.74~2.41)**
完全不符合2.85(1.80~4.50)**2.80(1.76~4.45)**2.73(1.73~4.35)**
), ArticleFig(id=1325530097830351650, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530092457448184, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

大学生心理资本对心理健康状况的多因素Logistic回归分析[OR值(95%CI),n=1 148]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
心理资本模型1模型2模型3
完全符合1.001.001.00
较符合1.25(0.95~1.65)1.22(0.92~1.62)1.20(0.90~1.60)
一般1.95(1.40~2.72)*1.90(1.36~2.66)*1.85(1.32~2.60)*
有点符合2.12(1.85~2.43)**2.08(1.79~2.40)**2.05(1.74~2.41)**
完全不符合2.85(1.80~4.50)**2.80(1.76~4.45)**2.73(1.73~4.35)**
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大学生对高校心理健康工作满意度和心理资本与心理健康状况的关系
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王翱航 , 陈沛如 * , 张强
中国学校卫生 | 儿童青少年心理健康促进专栏 2025,46(9): 1237-1241
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中国学校卫生 |儿童青少年心理健康促进专栏 2025 , 46 (9) : 1237 -1241
大学生对高校心理健康工作满意度和心理资本与心理健康状况的关系
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王翱航, 陈沛如* , 张强
作者信息
  • 上海工程技术大学管理学院,上海 201620
通讯作者:
陈沛如,E-mail:
作者简介:

王翱航(1992-),男,河南平顶山人,硕士,讲师,主要研究方向为心理健康教育

Relationship of college students' satisfaction with psychological health work in colleges and psychological capital with psychological health status
Aohang WANG, Peiru CHEN* , Qiang ZHANG
Affiliations
  • School of Management, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
出版时间: 2025-09-25 doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025278
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目的

探讨高校心理健康工作对大学生心理健康状况的影响机制,为优化高校心理健康服务体系及制定科学有效的心理资本干预策略提供参考依据。

方法

采用分层整群随机抽样方法,于2024年10—11月抽取上海市7所高校1 148名大学生,采用高校心理健康工作满意度调查问卷、心理资本量表、症状自评量表(SCL-90)进行问卷调查。采用Spearman相关分析、多因素Logistic回归分析、结构方程模型路径分析高校心理健康工作满意度和心理资本与大学生心理健康状况的关系。

结果

高校心理健康工作满意度、心理资本量表和SCL-90得分分别为[2.78(2.55,3.02),3.08(2.85,3.32),1.56(1.42,1.78)]分。Spearman相关性分析结果显示,高校心理健康工作满意度的4个维度(心理健康课程教学满意度、实践活动满意度、心理咨询服务满意度、危机干预与管理满意度)得分与大学生SCL-90得分均呈负相关(r值分别为-0.26,-0.31,-0.24,-0.21);大学生心理资本4个维度(自信心、乐观性、韧性、希望)得分与SCL-90得分均呈负相关(r值分别为-0.29,-0.34,-0.28,-0.29)(P值均 < 0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,调整性别、年级、父母最高学历、专业类型、身体健康状况等混杂因素后,相较于对心理健康工作“很满意”的大学生,对心理健康工作“很不满意”和“不满意”的大学生心理健康状况较差的比例更高(OR值分别为2.15,1.68);相较于心理资本水平较高的大学生,心理资本水平较低的大学生心理健康状况较差的比例更高(OR值分别为2.73,2.05)(P值均 < 0.05)。结构方程模型路径分析结果显示,高校心理健康工作满意度通过提升大学生心理资本间接降低其心理健康风险(β=0.12,P < 0.05),中介效应占总效应的60%。

结论

高校心理健康工作满意度与大学生心理健康状况、心理资本均呈正相关,且心理资本作为中介桥梁,进一步放大并传递了高校心理健康工作满意度对大学生心理健康的积极影响。

精神卫生  /  问卷调查  /  回归分析  /  学生
Objective

To explore the impact mechanism of psychological health work in colleges on the psychological health status of college students, in order to provide a basis and practical guidance for optimizing the psychological health service system in colleges and formulating scientific and effective psychological capital intervention strategies.

Methods

Through stratified cluster random sampling, 1 148 colleges students were selected from 7 colleges in Shanghai from October to November 2024. A survey was conducted using the Satisfaction Questionnaire for Psychological Health Work in colleges, Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ) and Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90). Spearman correlation analysis, multiple Logistic regression analysis and structural equation model pathway analysis were conducted to analyze the relationship of psychological health work in colleges and psychological capital with psychological health status of college students.

Results

The scores of satisfaction with college psychological health work, PCQ, and SCL-90 were [2.78(2.55, 3.02), 3.08(2.85, 3.32), 1.56(1.42, 1.78)]. Spearman correlation analysis results showed that the four dimensions scores of satisfaction with psychological health work in colleges (satisfaction with psychological health course teaching, satisfaction with practical activities, satisfaction with psychological counseling services and satisfaction with crisis intervention and management) were negatively correlated with SCL-90 score of college students (r=-0.26, -0.31, -0.24, -0.21); the four dimensions scores of psychological capital (self-confidence, optimism, resilience, and hope) of college students were negatively correlated with SCL-90 score (r=-0.29, -0.34, -0.28, -0.29) (all P < 0.05). The results of multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for confounding factors such as gender, grade level, parents' highest education level, major type, and physical health status, compared with college students who were "very satisfied" with their psychological health work, those who were "very dissatisfied" and "dissatisfied" with their psychological health work had a higher proportion of poor psychological health status (OR=2.15, 1.68); compared to college students with higher level of psychological capital, those with lower level of psychological capital had a higher proportion of poor psychological health status (OR=2.73, 2.05) (all P < 0.05). The results of structural equation modeling path analysis showed that the satisfaction of psychological health work in colleges indirectly reduced psychological health risks by increasing psychological capital among colleges (β=0.12, P < 0.05), with mediation effect accounting for 60% of the total effect.

Conclusion

The satisfaction with psychological health work in colleges is positively correlated with both psychological health status and psychological capital among college students; and psychological capital, as an intermediary bridge, further amplifies and transmits the positive impact of satisfaction with psychological health work in colleges on psychological health among college students.

Mental health  /  Questionnaires  /  Regression analysis  /  Students
王翱航, 陈沛如, 张强. 大学生对高校心理健康工作满意度和心理资本与心理健康状况的关系. 中国学校卫生, 2025 , 46 (9) : 1237 -1241 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025278
Aohang WANG, Peiru CHEN, Qiang ZHANG. Relationship of college students' satisfaction with psychological health work in colleges and psychological capital with psychological health status[J]. Chinese Journal of School Health, 2025 , 46 (9) : 1237 -1241 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025278
世界卫生组织数据显示,全球有15%~25%的青少年存在不同程度的心理健康问题,其中抑郁和焦虑位居首位[1]。中国作为高等教育规模最大的国家之一,大学生心理健康状况不容乐观。《中国国民心理健康发展报告2023—2024》指出,我国大学生抑郁症状检出率为24.8%,焦虑症状检出率达18.7%,且心理危机事件发生率呈逐年上升趋势[2]。社会支持理论强调外部支持需通过个体资源转化的中介作用实现效能最大化[3],积极心理学进一步提出,心理资本作为个体内在心理资源的动态调节器,可与心理健康工作满意度形成非线性交互效应,产生“1+1>2”的协同增益效果[4]。实证研究表明,高满意度的心理咨询服务可提升心理资本的韧性维度[5],并通过该路径降低抑郁风险[6],心理健康课程优化可提升学生对服务的评价,同时催化乐观维度的累计效应[7]。本研究通过构建“服务优化—资本培育”双路径模型,实现二者在理论框架与实证分析中的系统整合,为构建可持续的心理健康生态提供新范式。
采用分层整群随机抽样方法,分三阶段确保样本的多样性与代表性:(1)根据上海市高校分布特征,按办学层次(部属、市属)和高校类型(综合类、理工类、师范类)分层,其中部属高校3所、市属高校4所,确保各层次比例与全市实际分布一致; (2)从每层中采用随机数字表法抽取1~2个班级,共抽取7所高校的32个班级; (3)在入选班级中,采用随机数字表法抽取学生,直至达到目标样本量(每班约38人)。最终抽取1 202名大一至大四各年级学生,排除休学、境外交流等非常态在校生,回收有效问卷1 148份,有效率为95.51%。其中男生528名,女生620名; 大一至大四分别为286,302,290,270名; 平均年龄(20.54±1.23)岁。本研究通过上海工程技术大学管理学院的批准(批号:上工程管理审(2025)021号),所有调查对象均知情同意。
包括性别、出生年月、年级、父母学历、专业类型和身体健康情况(有、无慢性病)。
采用由邱鸿钟教授[8]编制的“高校心理健康工作满意度调查问卷”,共计100道题目。满意度评价指标分为心理健康课程教学满意度、实践活动满意度、心理咨询服务满意度、危机干预与管理满意度4个维度(各维度25道题目)。使用Likert 5级计分(0=“很不满意”至4=“很满意”),分数指标采用条目均分,得分越高表示越满意。总量表及各维度分量表的信度系数范围为0.61~0.79,且量表总分的重测信度为0.92。同时,该量表也具有较好的内容效度和结构效度,能够有效反映大学生对高校心理健康工作的满意度情况。通过心理健康教育工作评价体系[9]的相关分析,表明该量表有理想的效标效度。
使用Fred等[10]开发的心理资本量表(Psychological Capital Questionnaire, PCQ),包括24个条目,分为自信心、乐观性、韧性和希望4个维度(各维度6个条目)。使用Likert 5点计分:0=“完全不符合”至4=“完全符合”,其中“完全不符合”“有点符合”“一般”表示心理资本水平较低,“较符合”“完全符合”表示心理资本水平较高。分数指标采用条目均分,各维度得分越高表示个体心理资本越好、越积极。总量表及各分量表的重测信度系数为0.81~0.89,且量表总分的重测信度高达0.91。
采用症状自评量表(Symptom Checklist-90, SCL-90)[11]作为测评大学生心理健康状况的工具,使用Likert 5点计分(1=“无”至5=“严重”),单项得分范围为1~5,分数指标采用因子均分(因子内所有项目得分总和/项目数)。分值越高反映自觉该症状频度和强度越严重,心理健康状况越差; 当因子均分≥2分即认为心理健康状态较差。该量表具有较好的信度,修订前的同质性信度在0.57~0.96,修订后的同质性信度在0.53~0.95,修订后的信度值有所下降,但仍具有较高的稳定性。
调查员由高校心理健康教育工作者担任。调查采用匿名方式,由学生集中填写问卷,调查员及质控员调查前向学生充分说明调查目的,强调回答结果严格保密,问题答案无对错之分; 调查中重点检查问卷填写情况,发现漏项、逻辑错误及时纠正。调查过程中尽量避免学校行政人员的干扰,确保学生能够真实作答。
使用SPSS 26.0软件进行统计分析,通过K-S检验评估连续变量的正态性,年龄符合正态分布,故采用(x ±s)描述; 心理健康工作满意度等非正态变量采用M(P25,P75)描述。计数资料用频数或百分率描述,组间比较采用χ2检验。采用Spearman相关分析高校心理健康工作满意度、心理资本与大学生心理健康状态的关联模式。在复杂抽样设计的多因素Logistic回归分析中,纳入控制变量时依据变量分布特性,正态变量采用均值插补,非正态变量采用中位数插补。使用结构方程模型检验“心理健康工作满意度-心理资本-心理健康状况”的中介路径,其中将心理资本的4个维度作为潜变量纳入模型。检验水准α=0.05。
1 148名大学生的高校心理健康工作满意度分布如下:很不满意占2.96%(34名),不满意的占8.01%(92名),一般的占32.32%(371名),满意的占45.21%(519名),很满意的占11.50%(132名)。不同性别和年级大学生对高校心理健康工作满意度的分布差异均无统计学意义(χ2值分别为1.87,3.09,P值均>0.05)。大学生心理资本的分布中,心理资本水平较高的占41.29%(474名),心理资本水平较低的占58.71%(674名); 不同性别大学生在心理资本水平上的分布差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.26,P < 0.05),而不同年级大学生在心理资本水平上的分布差异无统计学意义(χ2=3.13,P>0.05)。见表1。
高校心理健康工作满意度、心理资本量表和SCL-90得分分别为[2.78(2.55,3.02),3.08(2.85,3.32),1.56(1.42,1.78)]分。结果显示,高校心理健康工作满意度的4个维度得分均与大学生SCL-90得分呈负相关(P值均 < 0.05),其中实践活动维度与大学生SCL-90得分的相关性最强; 心理资本4个维度得分与大学生SCL-90得分均呈负相关(P值均 < 0.05)。见表2。
为进一步控制混杂因素并量化自变量对心理健康状况的独立影响效应,采用复杂抽样设计校正的多因素Logistic回归模型,分别探讨高校心理健康工作满意度及大学生心理资本对大学生心理健康状况的影响。对因变量“大学生心理健康状况”依据SCL-90量表结果赋值:因子均分≥2判定为心理健康状况较差,赋值为1;其余赋值为0。结果显示,高校心理健康工作满意度较低(包括很不满意和不满意)的大学生心理健康状况较差的比例更高; 将性别、年级、父母最高学历作为控制变量纳入基本模型(模型2),进而纳入专业类型、身体健康状况(有无慢性病)等控制变量(模型3),相较于对高校心理健康工作“很满意”的大学生,对心理健康工作“很不满意”和“不满意”的大学生心理健康状况较差的比例仍更高(P值均 < 0.05)。见表3。
结果显示,模型1中与心理资本水平较高的大学生相比,心理资本水平较低的大学生心理健康状况较差的比例更高(P值均 < 0.05)。在模型1的基础上,逐步控制个人特征(模型2)及其他控制变量(模型3),结果显示,心理资本水平较低的大学生仍有更高的心理健康状况较差的比例(P值均 < 0.01)。见表4。
为揭示心理资本各维度的非线性作用机制,采用结构方程模型拟合潜变量关系,结果显示,模型拟合指标良好[χ2/df=2.13,RMSEA(95%CI)=0.042(0.031~0.053),CFI=0.97,TLI=0.95]。心理资本总分对大学生心理健康状况具有直接效应[β值(95%CI)=0.38(0.27~0.41),P < 0.01];高校心理健康工作满意度除通过心理资本产生间接效应外,对心理健康状况也存在直接正向影响[β值(95%CI)=0.08(0.06~0.09),P < 0.05],效应量小于间接路径,进一步支持心理资本的中介作用。单一维度方面,乐观维度的作用最强[β值(95%CI)=0.29(0.26~0.33)],其次为韧性[β值(95%CI)=0.21(0.19~0.26)],而自信维度的影响呈非线性,仅在低分段有统计学意义[β值(95%CI)=0.15(0.12~0.18)](P值均 < 0.05)。高校心理健康工作满意度通过提升心理资本间接降低心理健康风险[β值(95%CI)=0.12(0.09~0.13),P < 0.05],中介效应占总效应的60%。见图1。
本研究揭示了高校心理健康工作(外部支持质量)与大学生心理资本(内部资源水平)对心理健康状况的非线性交互作用:(1)高校心理健康工作与学生心理健康相关,对服务“很不满意”和“不满意”的学生心理健康风险分别是“很满意”者的2.15和1.68倍,且实践活动维度的促进作用最为显著; (2)心理资本水平较低的学生心理健康风险增加,其中乐观维度对缓冲心理健康风险具有突出作用; (3)心理健康工作满意度与心理资本存在正向交互,当外部服务满意度达“满意”阈值且心理资本处于较高以上水平时,心理健康状况较好,二者协同可突破单一路径的局限性; 即满意度为心理资本培育营造积极外部环境,心理资本又以正向心理资源反哺心理健康状况,印证了“服务优化-资本培育”双路径干预的科学性与必要性。
调查结果显示,高校心理健康工作(外部支持质量)与心理资本(内部资源水平)对大学生心理健康状况具有非线性交互作用。当外部支持质量与内部心理资本达到临界阈值时,系统将产生“1+1>2”的协同增益效应,心理健康工作满意度与心理资本相互耦合形成超越单一要素作用的良性状态。外部服务质量通过优化资源供给降低环境不确定性,而心理资本则通过提升个体认知弹性增强抗干扰能力,二者的协同作用并非简单叠加,而是通过正负反馈循环形成动态平衡,最终推动心理健康状况向更高序参量演进。
高校心理健康工作亟须构建“服务优化—资本培育”双路径模式,该模式的本质上是在心理健康教育领域践行“三全育人”理念的具体化[12]。通过阶梯式策略推进落地,资源有限高校的服务满意度优化分两阶段:基础建设期(1~2年),聚焦心理健康课程与危机干预,以模块化课程、整合“心理援助云平台”等在线资源弥补师资不足; 质量提升期(3~5年),融入心理资本工作坊,借助翻转课堂与行为日志强化实践,构建“校、院、班”三级联动机制。心理资本路径优化依托标准化评估与干预流程培育,通过“PCQ和行为观察”双轨动态评估体系,每学期生成“心理资本雷达图”,重点关注乐观维度的变化,可视化呈现学生各维度得分及班级/院系对比,为个性化干预提供依据。对低心理资本群体实施优势聚焦训练以提升乐观维度; 对中等群体开展韧性挑战营模拟学业压力场景,辅以认知重构技巧培训; 对高群体赋予心理朋辈导师角色,通过指导他人巩固自身资本。
本研究存在一定局限性:(1)横断面数据无法完全揭示变量间的因果关系,也无法预测纵向发展轨迹。(2)样本集中于上海市高校,且未纳入专科院校学生,可能限制结论的普适性。未来研究可通过纵向追踪设计,结合多地区、多类型院校的样本,进一步验证变量间的因果关系与普适性。
  • 2023年上海市教育科学研究项目(2023ZSD026);2023年上海青年工作研究课题项目(2023QYKTLX12-1)
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doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025278
  • 接收时间:2025-04-12
  • 首发时间:2026-11-06
  • 出版时间:2025-09-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-12
  • 修回日期:2025-07-28
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2023年上海市教育科学研究项目(2023ZSD026);2023年上海青年工作研究课题项目(2023QYKTLX12-1)
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    上海工程技术大学管理学院,上海 201620

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