Article(id=1325530146945650980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, issueId=1325530078536553117, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025273, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1741104000000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-05, revisedDate=1749916800000, revisedDateStr=2025-06-15, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793960614190, onlineDateStr=2026-11-06, pubDate=1758729600000, pubDateStr=2025-09-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793960614190, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793960614190, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793960614190, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1325530078536553117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, year='2025', volume='46', issue='9', pageStart='1217', pageEnd='1368', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1758729600000', pubDateStr='2025-09-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793960597879, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793960597879, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1266, endPage=1271, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1325530147167949093, articleId=1325530146945650980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=EN, title=Association of parenting style with emotional and behavioral problems in preschool children, columnId=1259565855189418448, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of School Health, columnName=Mental Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the effects of parenting style on emotional and behavioral problems (EBPs) of preschool children and to provide theoretical reference for promoting children's physical and mental health.

Methods

In October-November 2021, a stratified cluster random sampling method was adopted to select 3 575 preschool children aged 3-6 years from 12 kindergartens in Hefei. Data on parenting styles and children's EBPs were collected through electronic questionnaires. Binary Logistic regression model was used to explore the effects of parenting styles on children's EBPs.

Results

The detection rates of emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity, peer interaction problems, and prosocial behavior problems were 15.5% (n=554), 23.2% (n=830), 22.4% (n=802), 38.2% (n=1 367), and 29.5% (n=1 055) in preschool children, respectively. Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for covariates such as child's age, sex, and preterm birth, a high authoritative parenting style reduced the risk of EBPs in children (OR=0.29-0.78), while a high authoritarian (OR=1.36-2.15) and high permissive (OR=1.36-1.68) parenting style in mothers increased the risk of EBPs in children (all P < 0.05). Further stratified analysis indicated that among children with fathers exhibiting high authoritative, high authoritarian, or high permissive parenting styles, a high authoritative parenting style in mothers reduced the risk of peer interaction problems and prosocial behavior problems (OR=0.51, 0.30; 0.44, 0.23; 0.51, 0.29, all P < 0.05). Among children with fathers exhibiting a high authoritative parenting style, a high authoritarian parenting style in mothers increased the risk of emotional problems (OR=2.59), and both high authoritarian and high permissive parenting styles in mothers increased the risk of conduct problems (OR=3.25, 2.09) and hyperactivity problems (OR=2.35, 2.87) (all P < 0.05). Among children with fathers exhibiting high authoritarian or high permissive parenting styles, a high authoritarian parenting style in mothers increased the risk of EBPs (OR=1.65-2.71, 1.62-2.52, all P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Parenting style is an important factor affecting EBPs of preschool children, and appropriate parenting style is beneficial for children's psychological development.

, authors=Xi LIANG1, 2, Ruoyu LI1, Jiao FANG2, Xiaoyan WANG3, Yuhui WANG*, 1, 4, authorsList=Xi LIANG, Ruoyu LI, Jiao FANG, Xiaoyan WANG, Yuhui WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yuhui WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Chinese Journal of School Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1325530147616739622, articleId=1325530146945650980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=CN, title=父母教养方式与学龄前儿童情绪行为问题的关联, columnId=1259565858817491410, journalTitle=中国学校卫生, columnName=心理卫生, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探讨父母教养方式对学龄前儿童情绪行为问题(EBPs)的影响,为促进儿童身心健康提供理论参考。

方法

2021年10—11月,采用分层整群随机抽样方法从合肥市12所幼儿园选取3 575名3~6岁学龄前儿童,通过电子问卷收集父母教养方式和学龄前儿童EBPs等资料。采用二元Logistic回归模型分析父母教养方式与学龄前儿童EBPs的关联。

结果

学龄前儿童情绪症状、品行、多动、同伴交往和亲社会行为等问题检出率分别为15.5%(554名),23.2%(830名),22.4%(802名),38.2%(1 367名)和29.5%(1 055名)。二元Logistic回归分析结果显示,调整儿童年龄、性别、早产等协变量后,父母高权威型教养方式会降低儿童EBPs的发生风险(OR=0.29~0.78),母亲高专制型(OR=1.36~2.15)和高放纵型(OR=1.36~1.68)教养方式均会增加儿童EBPs的发生风险(P值均<0.05)。进一步分层分析结果表明,在父亲高权威、高专制和高放纵型教养方式的儿童中,母亲高权威型教养方式均可降低同伴交往和亲社会行为问题的发生风险(OR值分别为0.51,0.30;0.44,0.23;0.51,0.29);在父亲高权威型教养方式的儿童中,母亲高专制型教养方式可增加儿童情绪症状问题的发生风险(OR=2.59),母亲高专制型和高放纵型教养方式可增加儿童品行(OR值分别为3.25,2.09)和多动问题(OR值分别为2.35,2.87)的发生风险;在父亲高专制型和高放纵型教养方式的儿童中,母亲高专制型教养方式可增加儿童EBPs的发生风险(OR值分别为1.65~2.71,1.62~2.52)(P值均<0.05)。

结论

父母教养方式是学龄前儿童EBPs的重要相关因素,合适的教养方式有益于儿童心理健康发展。

, authors=梁希1, 2, 李若瑜1, 方姣2, 汪小燕3, 万宇辉*, 1, 4, authorsList=梁希, 李若瑜, 方姣, 汪小燕, 万宇辉, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=万宇辉, authorNote=

梁希(1987-),女,安徽芜湖人,大学本科,主管医师,主要研究方向为儿童保健和营养

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万宇辉,E-mail:
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梁希(1987-),女,安徽芜湖人,大学本科,主管医师,主要研究方向为儿童保健和营养

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Comparison of EBPs detection rates in preschoolers with different groups

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别选项人数统计值情绪症状问题品行问题多动问题同伴交往问题亲社会行为问题
年龄3~<4962157(16.3)267(27.8)217(22.6)405(42.1)370(38.5)
4~<51 366193(14.1)303(22.2)281(20.6)491(35.9)370(27.1)
5~61 247204(16.4)260(20.9)304(24.4)471(37.8)315(25.3)
χ2值3.1615.855.449.2351.74
P值0.21< 0.010.07< 0.01< 0.01
性别男1 875272(14.5)452(24.1)483(25.8)770(41.1)618(33.0)
女1 700282(16.6)378(22.2)319(18.8)597(35.1)437(25.7)
χ2值2.951.7525.0713.3622.56
P值0.090.19< 0.01< 0.01< 0.01
早产否3 340511(15.3)775(23.2)738(22.1)1225(37.6)972(29.1)
是23543(18.3)55(23.4)64(27.2)112(47.7)83(35.3)
χ2值1.510.013.3311.314.08
P值0.220.940.07< 0.010.04
出生体重低体重12426(21.0)24(19.4)40(32.3)60(48.4)44(35.5)
正常体重2 951439(14.9)680(23.0)641(21.7)1107(37.5)867(29.4)
巨大儿50089(17.8)126(25.2)121(24.2)200(40.0)144(28.8)
χ2值5.732.198.646.722.27
P值0.060.330.010.040.32
独生子女否2 095326(15.6)466(22.2)430(20.5)858(41.0)637(30.4)
是1 480228(15.4)364(24.6)372(25.1)509(34.4)418(28.2)
χ2值0.022.6910.5915.821.95
P值0.900.10< 0.01< 0.010.16
每天视屏时间/h<22 566372(14.5)590(23.0)515(20.1)949(37.0)745(29.0)
≥2653124(19.0)162(24.8)196(30.0)289(44.3)200(30.6)
χ2值147.934.0529.9211.640.64
P值< 0.010.04< 0.01< 0.010.42
每天户外活动时间/h<113721(15.3)31(22.6)24(17.5)47(34.3)38(27.7)
1~<21 195199(16.7)274(22.9)246(20.6)485(40.6)358(30.0)
≥21 837270(14.7)434(23.6)439(23.9)703(38.3)537(29.2)
χ2值2.120.246.522.940.38
P值0.350.890.040.230.83
父亲文化水平高中中专及以下1 309203(15.5)291(22.2)362(27.7)559(42.7)382(29.2)
大专及以上2 266351(15.5)539(23.8)440(19.4)808(35.6)673(29.7)
χ2值0.001.1328.6317.450.11
P值0.990.29< 0.01< 0.010.74
母亲文化水平高中中专及以下1 384235(17.0)309(22.3)378(27.3)617(44.6)425(30.7)
大专及以上2 191319(14.6)521(23.8)424(19.4)750(34.2)630(28.8)
χ2值3.751.0030.8938.461.56
P值0.050.32< 0.01< 0.010.21
家庭月收入/元<6 0001 516251(16.6)339(22.4)358(23.6)615(40.6)464(30.6)
6 000~9 9991 272197(15.5)291(22.9)295(23.2)483(38.0)376(29.6)
≥10 000787106(13.5)200(25.4)149(18.9)269(34.2)215(27.3)
χ2值3.772.837.189.012.70
P值0.150.240.030.010.26
家庭结构a核心家庭22736(15.9)46(20.3)62(27.3)105(46.3)73(32.2)
大家庭3 226486(15.1)758(23.5)707(21.9)1 202(37.3)945(29.3)
其他家庭12232(26.2)26(21.3)33(27.0)60(49.2)37(30.3)
χ2值11.211.505.1013.670.88
P值< 0.010.470.08< 0.010.65
), ArticleFig(id=1325530151911706968, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530146945650980, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同组别学龄前儿童EBPs检出率比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别选项人数统计值情绪症状问题品行问题多动问题同伴交往问题亲社会行为问题
年龄3~<4962157(16.3)267(27.8)217(22.6)405(42.1)370(38.5)
4~<51 366193(14.1)303(22.2)281(20.6)491(35.9)370(27.1)
5~61 247204(16.4)260(20.9)304(24.4)471(37.8)315(25.3)
χ2值3.1615.855.449.2351.74
P值0.21< 0.010.07< 0.01< 0.01
性别男1 875272(14.5)452(24.1)483(25.8)770(41.1)618(33.0)
女1 700282(16.6)378(22.2)319(18.8)597(35.1)437(25.7)
χ2值2.951.7525.0713.3622.56
P值0.090.19< 0.01< 0.01< 0.01
早产否3 340511(15.3)775(23.2)738(22.1)1225(37.6)972(29.1)
是23543(18.3)55(23.4)64(27.2)112(47.7)83(35.3)
χ2值1.510.013.3311.314.08
P值0.220.940.07< 0.010.04
出生体重低体重12426(21.0)24(19.4)40(32.3)60(48.4)44(35.5)
正常体重2 951439(14.9)680(23.0)641(21.7)1107(37.5)867(29.4)
巨大儿50089(17.8)126(25.2)121(24.2)200(40.0)144(28.8)
χ2值5.732.198.646.722.27
P值0.060.330.010.040.32
独生子女否2 095326(15.6)466(22.2)430(20.5)858(41.0)637(30.4)
是1 480228(15.4)364(24.6)372(25.1)509(34.4)418(28.2)
χ2值0.022.6910.5915.821.95
P值0.900.10< 0.01< 0.010.16
每天视屏时间/h<22 566372(14.5)590(23.0)515(20.1)949(37.0)745(29.0)
≥2653124(19.0)162(24.8)196(30.0)289(44.3)200(30.6)
χ2值147.934.0529.9211.640.64
P值< 0.010.04< 0.01< 0.010.42
每天户外活动时间/h<113721(15.3)31(22.6)24(17.5)47(34.3)38(27.7)
1~<21 195199(16.7)274(22.9)246(20.6)485(40.6)358(30.0)
≥21 837270(14.7)434(23.6)439(23.9)703(38.3)537(29.2)
χ2值2.120.246.522.940.38
P值0.350.890.040.230.83
父亲文化水平高中中专及以下1 309203(15.5)291(22.2)362(27.7)559(42.7)382(29.2)
大专及以上2 266351(15.5)539(23.8)440(19.4)808(35.6)673(29.7)
χ2值0.001.1328.6317.450.11
P值0.990.29< 0.01< 0.010.74
母亲文化水平高中中专及以下1 384235(17.0)309(22.3)378(27.3)617(44.6)425(30.7)
大专及以上2 191319(14.6)521(23.8)424(19.4)750(34.2)630(28.8)
χ2值3.751.0030.8938.461.56
P值0.050.32< 0.01< 0.010.21
家庭月收入/元<6 0001 516251(16.6)339(22.4)358(23.6)615(40.6)464(30.6)
6 000~9 9991 272197(15.5)291(22.9)295(23.2)483(38.0)376(29.6)
≥10 000787106(13.5)200(25.4)149(18.9)269(34.2)215(27.3)
χ2值3.772.837.189.012.70
P值0.150.240.030.010.26
家庭结构a核心家庭22736(15.9)46(20.3)62(27.3)105(46.3)73(32.2)
大家庭3 226486(15.1)758(23.5)707(21.9)1 202(37.3)945(29.3)
其他家庭12232(26.2)26(21.3)33(27.0)60(49.2)37(30.3)
χ2值11.211.505.1013.670.88
P值< 0.010.470.08< 0.010.65
), ArticleFig(id=1325530152012370265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530146945650980, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Logistic regression analysis of the relationship between parenting style and EBPs in preschoolers[OR(95%CI), n=3 575]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
自变量情绪症状问题品行问题多动问题同伴交往问题亲社会行为问题
母亲权威型0.90(0.71~1.15)0.76(0.61~0.93)*0.65(0.51~0.83)**0.47(0.39~0.57)**0.29(0.24~0.36)**
母亲专制型1.36(1.09~1.69)*2.15(1.79~2.60)**1.84(1.49~2.27)**1.39(1.16~1.66)**1.48(1.24~1.77)**
母亲放纵型1.63(1.32~2.00)**1.63(1.37~1.96)**1.68(1.37~2.05)**1.10(0.93~1.30)1.36(1.15~1.61)**
父亲权威型0.78(0.61~0.99)*0.98(0.81~1.20)1.21(0.97~1.51)0.91(0.76~1.09)0.82(0.68~0.98)*
父亲专制型1.00(0.80~1.26)1.18(0.97~1.43)1.20(0.97~1.48)0.92(0.77~1.10)0.98(0.82~1.18)
父亲放纵型0.94(0.75~1.18)1.10(0.90~1.33)1.20(0.97~1.48)1.00(0.83~1.19)0.92(0.76~1.10)
), ArticleFig(id=1325530152083673434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530146945650980, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

父母教养方式与学龄前儿童EBPs关联的Logistic回归分析[OR值(95%CI),n=3 575]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
自变量情绪症状问题品行问题多动问题同伴交往问题亲社会行为问题
母亲权威型0.90(0.71~1.15)0.76(0.61~0.93)*0.65(0.51~0.83)**0.47(0.39~0.57)**0.29(0.24~0.36)**
母亲专制型1.36(1.09~1.69)*2.15(1.79~2.60)**1.84(1.49~2.27)**1.39(1.16~1.66)**1.48(1.24~1.77)**
母亲放纵型1.63(1.32~2.00)**1.63(1.37~1.96)**1.68(1.37~2.05)**1.10(0.93~1.30)1.36(1.15~1.61)**
父亲权威型0.78(0.61~0.99)*0.98(0.81~1.20)1.21(0.97~1.51)0.91(0.76~1.09)0.82(0.68~0.98)*
父亲专制型1.00(0.80~1.26)1.18(0.97~1.43)1.20(0.97~1.48)0.92(0.77~1.10)0.98(0.82~1.18)
父亲放纵型0.94(0.75~1.18)1.10(0.90~1.33)1.20(0.97~1.48)1.00(0.83~1.19)0.92(0.76~1.10)
), ArticleFig(id=1325530152150782299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530146945650980, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Analysis of the association between maternal parenting styles and EBPs in preschoolers under different paternal parenting styles[OR(95%CI), n=3 575]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
父亲教养方式母亲教养方式情绪症状问题品行问题多动问题同伴交往问题亲社会行为问题
低权威低权威1.001.001.001.001.00
高权威0.74(0.51~1.07)0.74(0.54~1.02)0.68(0.49~0.95)*0.43(0.33~0.57)**0.29(0.21~0.40)**
低专制1.001.001.001.001.00
高专制1.72(1.29~2.29)**2.55(1.98~3.27)**2.16(1.67~2.80)**1.56(1.24~1.95)**1.45(1.14~1.84)**
低放纵1.001.001.001.001.00
高放纵1.77(1.34~2.34)**1.77(1.38~2.27)**1.54(1.19~1.99)**1.13(0.90~1.41)1.36(1.08~1.72)*
高权威低权威1.001.001.001.001.00
高权威0.78(0.92~1.60)0.77(0.49~1.21)0.55(0.34~0.89)*0.51(0.35~0.76)**0.30(0.19~0.48)**
低专制1.001.001.001.001.00
高专制2.59(1.49~4.49)**3.25(2.07~5.11)**2.35(1.46~3.78)**1.38(0.90~2.10)1.29(0.82~2.03)
低放纵1.001.001.001.001.00
高放纵1.65(0.97~2.80)2.09(1.36~3.22)**2.87(1.81~4.55)**1.17(0.79~1.73)1.35(0.89~2.07)
低专制低权威1.001.001.001.001.00
高权威0.84(0.59~1.18)0.77(0.57~1.04)0.60(0.41~0.80)**0.46(0.35~0.59)**0.30(0.22~0.41)**
低专制1.001.001.001.001.00
高专制1.61(1.17~2.21)**2.66(2.03~3.50)**2.24(1.69~2.98)**1.22(0.95~1.56)1.30(1.00~1.69)
低放纵1.001.001.001.001.00
高放纵1.76(1.30~2.37)**1.87(1.44~2.43)**1.87(1.42~2.46)**1.08(0.86~1.36)1.36(1.07~1.75)*
高专制低权威1.001.001.001.001.00
高权威0.56(0.30~1.05)0.68(0.43~1.09)0.82(0.52~1.30)0.44(0.29~0.68)**0.23(0.14~0.39)**
低专制1.001.001.001.001.00
高专制2.71(1.71~4.28)**2.66(1.82~3.89)**1.83(1.25~2.70)**2.21(1.56~3.13)**1.65(1.14~2.38)*
低放纵1.001.001.001.001.00
高放纵1.56(1.00~2.43)1.71(1.17~2.49)*1.56(1.06~2.29)*1.33(0.93~1.89)1.40(0.97~2.03)
低放纵低权威1.001.001.001.001.00
高权威0.75(0.52~1.06)0.82(0.61~1.10)0.64(0.46~0.88)*0.44(0.34~0.57)**0.29(0.21~0.39)**
低专制1.001.001.001.001.00
高专制1.66(1.22~2.25)**2.88(2.21~3.74)**2.40(1.82~3.15)**1.33(1.05~1.69)*1.35(1.05~1.73)*
低放纵1.001.001.001.001.00
高放纵1.88(1.40~2.53)**1.83(1.42~2.37)**1.78(1.36~2.33)**1.17(0.93~1.48)1.34(1.05~1.71)*
高放纵低权威1.001.001.001.001.00
高权威0.81(0.45~1.45)0.57(0.35~0.94)*0.64(0.39~1.05)0.51(0.33~0.78)**0.29(0.17~0.51)**
低专制1.001.001.001.001.00
高专制2.52(1.58~4.02)**2.24(1.50~3.33)**1.62(1.08~2.43)*2.04(1.41~2.94)**1.65(1.11~2.44)*
低放纵1.001.001.001.001.00
高放纵1.39(0.88~2.21)1.82(1.22~2.72)**1.63(1.09~2.44)*1.13(0.79~1.63)1.50(1.02~2.22)*
), ArticleFig(id=1325530153820115292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530146945650980, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

父亲不同教养方式下母亲教养方式与学龄前儿童情绪行为问题的关联分析[OR值(95%CI),n=3 575]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
父亲教养方式母亲教养方式情绪症状问题品行问题多动问题同伴交往问题亲社会行为问题
低权威低权威1.001.001.001.001.00
高权威0.74(0.51~1.07)0.74(0.54~1.02)0.68(0.49~0.95)*0.43(0.33~0.57)**0.29(0.21~0.40)**
低专制1.001.001.001.001.00
高专制1.72(1.29~2.29)**2.55(1.98~3.27)**2.16(1.67~2.80)**1.56(1.24~1.95)**1.45(1.14~1.84)**
低放纵1.001.001.001.001.00
高放纵1.77(1.34~2.34)**1.77(1.38~2.27)**1.54(1.19~1.99)**1.13(0.90~1.41)1.36(1.08~1.72)*
高权威低权威1.001.001.001.001.00
高权威0.78(0.92~1.60)0.77(0.49~1.21)0.55(0.34~0.89)*0.51(0.35~0.76)**0.30(0.19~0.48)**
低专制1.001.001.001.001.00
高专制2.59(1.49~4.49)**3.25(2.07~5.11)**2.35(1.46~3.78)**1.38(0.90~2.10)1.29(0.82~2.03)
低放纵1.001.001.001.001.00
高放纵1.65(0.97~2.80)2.09(1.36~3.22)**2.87(1.81~4.55)**1.17(0.79~1.73)1.35(0.89~2.07)
低专制低权威1.001.001.001.001.00
高权威0.84(0.59~1.18)0.77(0.57~1.04)0.60(0.41~0.80)**0.46(0.35~0.59)**0.30(0.22~0.41)**
低专制1.001.001.001.001.00
高专制1.61(1.17~2.21)**2.66(2.03~3.50)**2.24(1.69~2.98)**1.22(0.95~1.56)1.30(1.00~1.69)
低放纵1.001.001.001.001.00
高放纵1.76(1.30~2.37)**1.87(1.44~2.43)**1.87(1.42~2.46)**1.08(0.86~1.36)1.36(1.07~1.75)*
高专制低权威1.001.001.001.001.00
高权威0.56(0.30~1.05)0.68(0.43~1.09)0.82(0.52~1.30)0.44(0.29~0.68)**0.23(0.14~0.39)**
低专制1.001.001.001.001.00
高专制2.71(1.71~4.28)**2.66(1.82~3.89)**1.83(1.25~2.70)**2.21(1.56~3.13)**1.65(1.14~2.38)*
低放纵1.001.001.001.001.00
高放纵1.56(1.00~2.43)1.71(1.17~2.49)*1.56(1.06~2.29)*1.33(0.93~1.89)1.40(0.97~2.03)
低放纵低权威1.001.001.001.001.00
高权威0.75(0.52~1.06)0.82(0.61~1.10)0.64(0.46~0.88)*0.44(0.34~0.57)**0.29(0.21~0.39)**
低专制1.001.001.001.001.00
高专制1.66(1.22~2.25)**2.88(2.21~3.74)**2.40(1.82~3.15)**1.33(1.05~1.69)*1.35(1.05~1.73)*
低放纵1.001.001.001.001.00
高放纵1.88(1.40~2.53)**1.83(1.42~2.37)**1.78(1.36~2.33)**1.17(0.93~1.48)1.34(1.05~1.71)*
高放纵低权威1.001.001.001.001.00
高权威0.81(0.45~1.45)0.57(0.35~0.94)*0.64(0.39~1.05)0.51(0.33~0.78)**0.29(0.17~0.51)**
低专制1.001.001.001.001.00
高专制2.52(1.58~4.02)**2.24(1.50~3.33)**1.62(1.08~2.43)*2.04(1.41~2.94)**1.65(1.11~2.44)*
低放纵1.001.001.001.001.00
高放纵1.39(0.88~2.21)1.82(1.22~2.72)**1.63(1.09~2.44)*1.13(0.79~1.63)1.50(1.02~2.22)*
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父母教养方式与学龄前儿童情绪行为问题的关联
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梁希 1, 2 , 李若瑜 1 , 方姣 2 , 汪小燕 3 , 万宇辉 *, 1, 4
中国学校卫生 | 心理卫生 2025,46(9): 1266-1271
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中国学校卫生 |心理卫生 2025 , 46 (9) : 1266 -1271
父母教养方式与学龄前儿童情绪行为问题的关联
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梁希(1987-),女,安徽芜湖人,大学本科,主管医师,主要研究方向为儿童保健和营养

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梁希1, 2, 李若瑜1, 方姣2, 汪小燕3, 万宇辉*, 1, 4
作者信息
  • 1安徽医科大学公共卫生学院儿少卫生与妇幼保健学系,合肥 230032
  • 2安徽医科大学儿童医学中心
  • 3合肥市妇幼保健院/合肥市妇女儿童保健中心
  • 4环境与人口健康安徽省重点实验室
通讯作者:
万宇辉,E-mail:
作者简介:

梁希(1987-),女,安徽芜湖人,大学本科,主管医师,主要研究方向为儿童保健和营养

Association of parenting style with emotional and behavioral problems in preschool children
Xi LIANG1, 2, Ruoyu LI1, Jiao FANG2, Xiaoyan WANG3, Yuhui WANG*, 1, 4
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, China
出版时间: 2025-09-25 doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025273
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目的

探讨父母教养方式对学龄前儿童情绪行为问题(EBPs)的影响,为促进儿童身心健康提供理论参考。

方法

2021年10—11月,采用分层整群随机抽样方法从合肥市12所幼儿园选取3 575名3~6岁学龄前儿童,通过电子问卷收集父母教养方式和学龄前儿童EBPs等资料。采用二元Logistic回归模型分析父母教养方式与学龄前儿童EBPs的关联。

结果

学龄前儿童情绪症状、品行、多动、同伴交往和亲社会行为等问题检出率分别为15.5%(554名),23.2%(830名),22.4%(802名),38.2%(1 367名)和29.5%(1 055名)。二元Logistic回归分析结果显示,调整儿童年龄、性别、早产等协变量后,父母高权威型教养方式会降低儿童EBPs的发生风险(OR=0.29~0.78),母亲高专制型(OR=1.36~2.15)和高放纵型(OR=1.36~1.68)教养方式均会增加儿童EBPs的发生风险(P值均<0.05)。进一步分层分析结果表明,在父亲高权威、高专制和高放纵型教养方式的儿童中,母亲高权威型教养方式均可降低同伴交往和亲社会行为问题的发生风险(OR值分别为0.51,0.30;0.44,0.23;0.51,0.29);在父亲高权威型教养方式的儿童中,母亲高专制型教养方式可增加儿童情绪症状问题的发生风险(OR=2.59),母亲高专制型和高放纵型教养方式可增加儿童品行(OR值分别为3.25,2.09)和多动问题(OR值分别为2.35,2.87)的发生风险;在父亲高专制型和高放纵型教养方式的儿童中,母亲高专制型教养方式可增加儿童EBPs的发生风险(OR值分别为1.65~2.71,1.62~2.52)(P值均<0.05)。

结论

父母教养方式是学龄前儿童EBPs的重要相关因素,合适的教养方式有益于儿童心理健康发展。

健康教育  /  法定监护人  /  情绪  /  精神卫生  /  回归分析  /  儿童,学龄前
Objective

To explore the effects of parenting style on emotional and behavioral problems (EBPs) of preschool children and to provide theoretical reference for promoting children's physical and mental health.

Methods

In October-November 2021, a stratified cluster random sampling method was adopted to select 3 575 preschool children aged 3-6 years from 12 kindergartens in Hefei. Data on parenting styles and children's EBPs were collected through electronic questionnaires. Binary Logistic regression model was used to explore the effects of parenting styles on children's EBPs.

Results

The detection rates of emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity, peer interaction problems, and prosocial behavior problems were 15.5% (n=554), 23.2% (n=830), 22.4% (n=802), 38.2% (n=1 367), and 29.5% (n=1 055) in preschool children, respectively. Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for covariates such as child's age, sex, and preterm birth, a high authoritative parenting style reduced the risk of EBPs in children (OR=0.29-0.78), while a high authoritarian (OR=1.36-2.15) and high permissive (OR=1.36-1.68) parenting style in mothers increased the risk of EBPs in children (all P < 0.05). Further stratified analysis indicated that among children with fathers exhibiting high authoritative, high authoritarian, or high permissive parenting styles, a high authoritative parenting style in mothers reduced the risk of peer interaction problems and prosocial behavior problems (OR=0.51, 0.30; 0.44, 0.23; 0.51, 0.29, all P < 0.05). Among children with fathers exhibiting a high authoritative parenting style, a high authoritarian parenting style in mothers increased the risk of emotional problems (OR=2.59), and both high authoritarian and high permissive parenting styles in mothers increased the risk of conduct problems (OR=3.25, 2.09) and hyperactivity problems (OR=2.35, 2.87) (all P < 0.05). Among children with fathers exhibiting high authoritarian or high permissive parenting styles, a high authoritarian parenting style in mothers increased the risk of EBPs (OR=1.65-2.71, 1.62-2.52, all P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Parenting style is an important factor affecting EBPs of preschool children, and appropriate parenting style is beneficial for children's psychological development.

Health Education  /  Legal guardians  /  Emotions  /  Mental health  /  Regression analysis  /  Child, preschool
梁希, 李若瑜, 方姣, 汪小燕, 万宇辉. 父母教养方式与学龄前儿童情绪行为问题的关联. 中国学校卫生, 2025 , 46 (9) : 1266 -1271 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025273
Xi LIANG, Ruoyu LI, Jiao FANG, Xiaoyan WANG, Yuhui WANG. Association of parenting style with emotional and behavioral problems in preschool children[J]. Chinese Journal of School Health, 2025 , 46 (9) : 1266 -1271 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025273
儿童心理健康问题是全球公共卫生问题[1]。世界卫生组织报告,全球有10.0%~20.0%的学龄前儿童存在心理健康问题,其中抑郁/焦虑、同伴交往等情绪行为问题(emotional and behavioral problems, EBPs)最常见[2-3]。童年早期EBPs会影响儿童学业、同伴交往、社会人格建立、反社会行为及生命后期健康状况[4-5]。因此,早期识别儿童EBPs的影响因素,对防控生命后期心理健康问题具有重要意义。
家庭是儿童早期主要成长环境之一,父母教养方式对儿童身心健康发展至关重要[6-7]。Baumrind等[8]将教养方式分为权威型、专制型和放纵型:权威型父母具备高温暖、高回应、鼓励和民主的策略,专制型采取躯体强迫、言语敌意和强制惩罚策略,放纵型结合了高温暖/接纳和低期望养育。美国家庭研究表明,相比专制型和宽容型养育方式,权威型最能预测学龄前儿童行为问题[9]。英国队列研究发现,母亲采用专制管教方式与儿童5岁时心理健康问题相关[10]。国内研究表明,父母专制型教养方式可能增加儿童心理健康问题[11],权威型教养方式可改善学龄前儿童心理健康结局[12]。但前期多数研究未区分父母教养方式的独立作用,且部分研究仅考虑了母亲教养方式,未考虑父亲角色的重要性及父母教养方式对子代健康的联合作用[13]。本研究选取安徽省合肥市3~6岁儿童为调查对象,探讨父母教养方式与学龄前儿童EBPs的关联,对解决学龄前儿童心理健康问题高发和身心健康促进具有重要参考意义。
2021年10—11月,采用分层整群随机抽样方法,在安徽省合肥市先采用抽签法抽取2个县、2个主城区和2个开发区为抽样区域,分别从每个抽样区域中采用抽签法抽取2所幼儿园(共12所),每所幼儿园根据小、中、大班进行分层,每个年级采用抽签法抽取2~3个教学班,教学班作为整体纳入调查。共收集3 655份母亲和3 575份父亲样本,排除80份仅获得母亲教养方式样本,最终纳入3 575对亲子样本,其中男童1 875名(52.4%),女童1 700名(47.6%);平均年龄(4.56±0.81)岁。本研究已通过安徽医科大学生物医学伦理委员会审批(批号:20210655),并且学龄前儿童父母均知情同意。
通过问卷收集基本信息,如年龄、性别、早产、出生体重、独生子女、视屏时间(< 2,≥2 h/d)[14]、户外活动时间(< 1,1~ < 2,≥2 h/d)[15]、父母文化程度、家庭月收入和家庭结构等。
采用修订版的教养方式与维度问卷(Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire,PSDQ)[16],由父母自评教养方式。问卷共计32题,包括权威型(15个条目)、专制型(12个条目)和放纵型(5个条目)3个维度。从“从不这样”到“总是这样”分别计1~5分,各维度得分分别为15~75,10~50,5~25分;总分范围30~150分,该问卷得分越高代表父母该类教养方式越突出。父亲教养方式问卷的Cronbach α系数为0.83,母亲教养方式问卷Cronbach α系数为0.86。将父母教养方式依据得分进行二分类,分为高水平教养方式组(≥P75)和低水平教养方式组(<P75)[17]。
根据《精神病诊断和统计手册-Ⅳ》[18]和《精神与行为分类第10版》[19]诊断标准设计编制,经上海市精神卫生中心引进并修订的长处与困难问卷(Strength and Difficulty Questionnaire,SDQ)[20]。问卷共25题,评估情绪症状、品行、多动、同伴交往和亲社会行为问题5个维度,每个维度5题。从“不符合”到“完全符合”分别计0~2分,各维度得分均为0~10分。据中国儿童EBPs界值[21],将情绪症状得分0~3分定义为“正常”,4分为“边缘值”,5~10分为“异常”;品行和同伴交往得分:正常0~2分、边缘值3分、异常4~10分;多动得分:正常0~5分、边缘值6分、异常7~10分;亲社会行为得分:正常6~10分、边缘值5分、异常0~4分。本文将边缘值和异常合并为“异常”进行分析[21]。各维度的Cronbach α系数为0.64~0.78,总问卷的Cronbach α系数为0.76。
调查前,对所有参与现场调查的人员进行专业培训和指导,以保证工作标准相一致。针对学生的调查以班级为单位,严格遵守知情同意原则,通过电子问卷方式进行线上调查,及时沟通反馈问题。质控员对后台收集的数据进行严格的质量审核,及时处理和解决填写数据异常、缺失以及存在的逻辑冲突,保证最终数据的完整性和准确性。
采用SPSS 23.0软件进行统计分析。采用(x±s)描述计量资料,采用频数和率描述计数资料。并用χ2检验比较不同组别儿童EBPs检出率,进一步两两比较检验水准α=0.016 7。调整儿童年龄、性别、早产等协变量后,采用二元Logistic回归模型分析父母教养方式与儿童EBPs的关联;进一步分层分析在父亲不同教养方式下,母亲教养方式与学龄前儿童EBPs的关联。检验水准α=0.05。
纳入的3 575名儿童情绪症状、品行、多动、同伴交往和亲社会行为问题检出率分别为15.5%(554名),23.2%(830名),22.4%(802名),38.2%(1 367名)和29.5%(1 055名)。在不同人口统计学特征中,3~ < 4岁组儿童的品行和亲社会行为问题检出率高于4~ < 5和5~6岁组儿童、同伴交往问题检出率高于4~ < 5岁组儿童,低出生体重儿童的多动和同伴交往问题检出率高于正常体重组儿童,家庭月收入<6 000元的儿童多动和同伴交往问题检出率高于家庭月收入≥10 000元的儿童,大家庭儿童的同伴交往问题检出率低于核心家庭儿童(P值均<0.016 7);男童的多动、同伴交往和亲社会行为问题检出率较高,早产儿的同伴交往和亲社会行为问题检出率较高,独生子女的多动问题检出率较高、同伴交往问题检出率较低,视屏时间≥2 h/d的儿童情绪症状、品行、多动和同伴交往问题检出率较高,父母较低学历的儿童多动和同伴交往问题检出率较高(P值均<0.05)。见表1。
调整协变量后,Logistic回归分析结果显示,母亲高权威型教养方式降低儿童品行(OR=0.76)、多动(OR=0.65)、同伴交往(OR=0.47)和亲社会行为(OR=0.29)问题的发生风险;母亲高专制型教养方式增加儿童情绪症状(OR=1.36)、品行(OR=2.15)、多动(OR=1.84)、同伴交往(OR=1.39)和亲社会行为(OR=1.48)问题的发生风险;母亲高放纵型教养方式增加儿童情绪症状(OR=1.63)、品行(OR=1.63)、多动(OR=1.68)和亲社会行为(OR=1.36)问题的发生风险;父亲高权威型教养方式降低儿童情绪症状(OR=0.78)、亲社会行为(OR=0.82)问题的发生风险(P值均 < 0.05)。而父亲专制型和放纵型教养方式与儿童EBPs的关联均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。见表2。
见表3。
按照父亲教养方式分层分析,结果表明,在父亲高权威教养方式的儿童中,母亲高权威型教养方式可降低多动(OR=0.55)、同伴交往(OR=0.51)和亲社会行为(OR=0.30)问题的发生风险,母亲高专制型教养方式会增加儿童情绪症状(OR=2.59)、品行(OR=3.25)和多动(OR=2.35)问题的发生风险,母亲高放纵型教养方式会增加儿童品行(OR=2.09)和多动(OR=2.87)问题的发生风险(P值均 < 0.05)。在父亲高专制型教养方式的儿童中,母亲高权威型教养方式可降低同伴交往(OR=0.44)和亲社会行为(OR=0.23)问题的发生风险,母亲高专制型教养方式会增加儿童EBPs 5个维度的发生风险(OR值分别为2.71,2.66,1.83,2.21,1.65),母亲高放纵型教养方式会增加儿童品行(OR=1.71)和多动(OR=1.56)问题的发生风险(P值均<0.05)。在父亲高放纵型教养方式的儿童中,母亲高权威型教养方式可降低儿童品行(OR=0.57)、同伴交往(OR=0.51)和亲社会行为(OR=0.29)问题的发生风险,母亲高专制型教养方式会增加儿童EBPs 5个维度的发生风险(OR值分别为2.52,2.24,1.62,2.04,1.65),母亲高放纵型教养方式会增加儿童品行(OR=1.82)、多动(OR=1.63)和亲社会行为(OR=1.50)问题的发生风险(P值均<0.05)。
本研究发现,母亲高专制型和放纵型教养方式会增加儿童EBPs发生风险,而父亲高专制型和放纵型教养方式与儿童EBPs的关联无统计学意义。既往相关研究提示,父母权威型教养方式与儿童高自尊、学业成绩好和行为问题少等积极结局有关[22];父母专制型教养方式可增加儿童外化、情绪(抑郁/焦虑)和社交问题[11, 23];放纵型父母教养方式可致儿童冲动控制较差、学业水平下降、危险行为倾向增加[24]。
父母教养方式差异对学龄前儿童行为问题产生重要影响[25],两者间存在累积或补偿效应,如父母一方采取积极教养方式会缓冲另一方消极教养的不良影响[26]。贾守梅等[27]研究发现,父母一方采用专制型教养,可能增加另一方放纵型教养与儿童攻击性行为发生风险的关联。韩阿珠等[28]报告显示,父亲放纵教养可能增强母亲专制与学龄前儿童EBPs风险增加的关联。本文也发现,父亲高专制型教养会加强母亲高专制型教养与儿童同伴交往问题风险增加的关联,父亲高放纵型教养会抵消母亲高放纵型教养与儿童情绪症状问题风险增加的关联。
不同教养方式对儿童EBPs影响机制仍有待研究。积极心理学线索提示,父母积极教养方式(如权威)能促进个体应对机制发展,如乐观情绪、适应性辩护、充足社会支持、高心理韧性和自我效能等,降低行为问题风险[29];父母支持和温暖还能促进亲子沟通,及时了解孩子活动,并施加适当行为控制[30]。父母消极教养方式(如专制、放纵)多采取惩罚和严厉的策略,导致儿童高依赖、低社会责任感、不服从和攻击性行为[8, 31]。纵向神经影像学研究提示父母教养方式影响儿童脑结构和功能,如母亲积极养育与儿童右侧杏仁核体积减小和双侧眶额皮质变薄有关,可减少精神病理发病率[32]。消极养育行为如高控制可致青少年左前脑岛(情绪冲突处理脑区)活动降低[33],但受影响脑区如何影响行为、表现和偏好仍然未知,其生命后期影响也有待研究[34]。
本研究基于学龄前儿童大样本流行病学调查,揭示了父母教养方式与儿童EBPs的关联,但仍存在一定的局限性:(1)研究为横断面研究,无法确认变量间因果关系,未来需进行前瞻性纵向调查,以探索家庭环境因素与学龄前儿童EBPs的双向因果关联。(2)研究仅纳入合肥市儿童,结论外推可能受限,未来应考虑全国多中心研究探索教养方式对学龄前儿童EBPs的影响。(3)研究由学龄前儿童父母填写电子调查问卷,难以避免信息偏倚和回忆偏倚。
  • 国家自然科学基金面上项目(82273652);国家自然科学基金青年项目(82404296)
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2025年第46卷第9期
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doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025273
  • 接收时间:2025-03-05
  • 首发时间:2026-11-06
  • 出版时间:2025-09-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-05
  • 修回日期:2025-06-15
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国家自然科学基金面上项目(82273652);国家自然科学基金青年项目(82404296)
作者信息
    1安徽医科大学公共卫生学院儿少卫生与妇幼保健学系,合肥 230032
    2安徽医科大学儿童医学中心
    3合肥市妇幼保健院/合肥市妇女儿童保健中心
    4环境与人口健康安徽省重点实验室

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