Article(id=1325530130927608398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, issueId=1325530078536553117, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025265, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1743523200000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-02, revisedDate=1748966400000, revisedDateStr=2025-06-04, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793960610371, onlineDateStr=2026-11-06, pubDate=1758729600000, pubDateStr=2025-09-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793960610371, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793960610371, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793960610371, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1325530078536553117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, year='2025', volume='46', issue='9', pageStart='1217', pageEnd='1368', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1758729600000', pubDateStr='2025-09-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793960597879, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793960597879, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1342, endPage=1345, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1325530131179266639, articleId=1325530130927608398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=EN, title=Prevalence trends of elevated blood pressure and its association with nutritional status among primary and secondary school students in Inner Mongolia, columnId=1325500884406379444, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of School Health, columnName=Disease Control, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyze the prevalence trends of different types of elevated blood pressure and their association with nutritional status among primary and secondary school students in Inner Mongolia from 2019 to 2024, providing references for targeted prevention strategies.

Methods

From September 2019 to 2024, a stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select 12 primary and secondary schools from each league city in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. A total of 177 108, 137 758, 190 182, 180 084, 188 056, 180 351 primary and secondary school students (excluding grades one to three of primary school) were included for physical examination. The correlation between their nutritional status and high blood pressure was analyzed based on the basic situation of 129 821 primary and secondary school students who completed a questionnaire survey at the same time in 2024. Statistical analysis was conducted using a Chi-square test and multiple Logistic regression model.

Results

From 2019 to 2024, the detection rates of elevated blood pressure were 13.60%, 13.68%, 17.60%, 17.24%, 14.77% and 15.96%, respectively. The rates for isolated systolic hypertension were 4.24%, 5.83%, 7.26%, 7.19%, 6.24% and 6.93%; isolated diastolic hypertension rates were 6.38%, 4.99%, 6.23%, 6.41%, 5.39% and 5.66%; and combined systolic and diastolic hypertension rates were 2.97%, 2.86%, 4.11%, 3.65%, 3.14% and 3.36%. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that girls, junior high school, senior high school, overweight, and obesity were positively associated with elevated blood pressure risk (OR=1.27, 1.25, 1.32, 1.66, 3.07, all P < 0.05); conversely, county residence, Mongolian ethnicity, and other ethnicities showed negative associations (OR=0.90, 0.93, 0.90, all P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Overweight and obesity among children and adolescents are closely related to various types of elevated blood pressure. Prevention strategies should prioritize effectively controlling weight issues among children and adolescents, thereby effectively reducing the incidence of elevated blood pressure.

, authors=Guofeng LI1, Xiuhong ZHANG*, 1, Tian YANG1, Jing ZHAO1, Jufang ZHAO1, Shujuan TIAN1, Jianqiong GAO1, Haotian PEI1, Dong YU1, Rong ZHANG1, Caixia MA2, authorsList=Guofeng LI, Xiuhong ZHANG, Tian YANG, Jing ZHAO, Jufang ZHAO, Shujuan TIAN, Jianqiong GAO, Haotian PEI, Dong YU, Rong ZHANG, Caixia MA, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xiuhong ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Chinese Journal of School Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1325530131569336912, articleId=1325530130927608398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=CN, title=内蒙古中小学生血压偏高流行趋势及其与营养状况的关联, columnId=1325500884628677558, journalTitle=中国学校卫生, columnName=疾病控制, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

分析2019—2024年内蒙古中小学生不同类型血压偏高的流行趋势及其与营养状况的关联,为制定中小学生血压偏高针对性的预防措施提供参考。

方法

2019—2024年每年9月,采用分层随机整群抽样方法从内蒙古自治区每个盟市选取12所中小学校,分别纳入177 108, 137 758,190 182, 180 084, 188 056, 180 351名中小学生(除小学一至三年级)作为研究对象进行体格检查,并根据2024年同时完成问卷调查的129 821名中小学生基本情况,分析其营养状况与血压偏高的相关性。采用χ2检验和多因素Logistic回归模型进行统计学分析。

结果

2019—2024年中小学生血压偏高的检出率分别为13.60%,13.68%,17.60%,17.24%,14.77%,15.96%;单纯收缩压偏高的检出率分别为4.24%,5.83%,7.26%,7.19%,6.24%,6.93%;单纯舒张压偏高的检出率分别为6.38%,4.99%,6.23%,6.41%,5.39%,5.66%;收缩压和舒张压均偏高的检出率分别为2.97%,2.86%,4.11%,3.65%,3.14%,3.36%。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,女生、初中、高中、超重、肥胖的学生血压偏高风险相对较高(OR值分别为1.27,1.25,1.32,1.66,3.07),旗县、蒙古族、其他民族中小学生血压偏高风险相对较低(OR值分别为0.90,0.93,0.90)(P值均 < 0.05)。

结论

儿童青少年的超重、肥胖与不同类型血压偏高相关。在今后的预防措施中应有效防控儿童青少年的体重超标问题,从而有效降低其血压偏高的发生率。

, authors=李国峰1, 张秀红*, 1, 杨田1, 赵静1, 赵菊芳1, 田淑娟1, 高建琼1, 裴浩天1, 于冬1, 张蓉1, 马彩霞2, authorsList=李国峰, 张秀红, 杨田, 赵静, 赵菊芳, 田淑娟, 高建琼, 裴浩天, 于冬, 张蓉, 马彩霞, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=张秀红, authorNote=

李国峰(1992-),男,内蒙古自治区包头市人,硕士,主治医师,主要从事学校卫生工作

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张秀红,E-mail:
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Lancet, 1982, 1(8282): 1165-1168., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1325530136040465051, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530130927608398, awardId=null, language=CN, fundingSource=内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2024QN08077), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1325530131858743889, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530130927608398, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325530131879715410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530130927608398, companyId=1325530131858743889, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School Health Department, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot 010031, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325530131892298323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530130927608398, companyId=1325530131858743889, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1内蒙古自治区综合疾病预防控制中心学校卫生科,呼和浩特 010031)]), AuthorCompany(id=1325530131955212884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530130927608398, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325530131967795797, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530130927608398, companyId=1325530131955212884, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2内蒙古自治区乌兰察布市中心医院麻醉科,呼和浩特 010031)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1325530135629423255, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530130927608398, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Univariate analysis of different types of elevated blood pressure among primary and middle school students in Inner Mongolia in 2024

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别选项人数单纯收缩压偏高单纯舒张压偏高收缩压和舒张压均偏高血压偏高
检出人数χ2值检出人数χ2值检出人数χ2值检出人数χ2值
性别男65 5534 819(7.35)0.713 424(5.22)17.73**1 865(2.85)95.88**10 108(15.42)63.38**
女64 2684 803(7.47)3 699(5.76)2 455(3.82)10 957(17.05)
学段小学55 4383 421(6.17)230.88**3 169(5.72)9.92**1 699(3.06)21.04**8 289(14.95)124.95**
初中50 0144 045(8.09)2 650(5.30)1 751(3.50)8 446(16.89)
高中24 3692 156(8.85)1 304(5.35)870(3.57)4 330(17.77)
城乡城区35 2652 471(7.01)11.56**2 504(7.10)243.14**1 238(3.51)5.04*6 213(17.62)69.00**
旗县94 5567 151(7.56)4 619(4.88)3 082(3.26)14 852(15.71)
民族汉族86 3316 346(7.35)4.795 060(5.86)73.69**2 888(3.35)0.4614 294(16.56)20.86**
蒙古族36 3712 777(7.64)1 690(4.65)1 204(3.31)5 671(15.59)
其他民族7 119499(7.01)373(5.24)228(3.20)1 100(15.45)
BMI正常体重78 5033 711(4.73)2 513.96**3 829(4.88)231.01**1 623(2.07)1 378.39**9 163(11.67)3 942.57**
消瘦302(6.67)1(3.33)2(6.67)5(16.67)
超重22 6722 003(8.83)1 215(5.36)789(3.48)4 007(17.67)
肥胖28 6163 906(13.65)2 078(7.26)1 906(6.67)7 890(27.57)
), ArticleFig(id=1325530135721697944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530130927608398, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

内蒙古2024年中小学生不同类型血压偏高单因素分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别选项人数单纯收缩压偏高单纯舒张压偏高收缩压和舒张压均偏高血压偏高
检出人数χ2值检出人数χ2值检出人数χ2值检出人数χ2值
性别男65 5534 819(7.35)0.713 424(5.22)17.73**1 865(2.85)95.88**10 108(15.42)63.38**
女64 2684 803(7.47)3 699(5.76)2 455(3.82)10 957(17.05)
学段小学55 4383 421(6.17)230.88**3 169(5.72)9.92**1 699(3.06)21.04**8 289(14.95)124.95**
初中50 0144 045(8.09)2 650(5.30)1 751(3.50)8 446(16.89)
高中24 3692 156(8.85)1 304(5.35)870(3.57)4 330(17.77)
城乡城区35 2652 471(7.01)11.56**2 504(7.10)243.14**1 238(3.51)5.04*6 213(17.62)69.00**
旗县94 5567 151(7.56)4 619(4.88)3 082(3.26)14 852(15.71)
民族汉族86 3316 346(7.35)4.795 060(5.86)73.69**2 888(3.35)0.4614 294(16.56)20.86**
蒙古族36 3712 777(7.64)1 690(4.65)1 204(3.31)5 671(15.59)
其他民族7 119499(7.01)373(5.24)228(3.20)1 100(15.45)
BMI正常体重78 5033 711(4.73)2 513.96**3 829(4.88)231.01**1 623(2.07)1 378.39**9 163(11.67)3 942.57**
消瘦302(6.67)1(3.33)2(6.67)5(16.67)
超重22 6722 003(8.83)1 215(5.36)789(3.48)4 007(17.67)
肥胖28 6163 906(13.65)2 078(7.26)1 906(6.67)7 890(27.57)
), ArticleFig(id=1325530135813972633, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530130927608398, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Multivariate analysis of different types of elevated blood pressure among primary and middle school students in Inner Mongolia in 2024(n=129 821)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
自变量选项单纯收缩压偏高单纯舒张压偏高收缩压和舒张压均偏高
Wald χ2值P值OR值(95%CI)Wald χ2值P值OR值(95%CI)Wald χ2值P值OR值(95%CI)
性别女39.61< 0.011.15(1.10~1.20)36.97< 0.011.16(1.11~1.22)193.12< 0.011.55(1.46~1.65)
学段初中245.84< 0.011.47(1.40~1.54)4.150.040.94(0.90~0.98)42.85< 0.011.26(1.19~1.41)
高中311.95< 0.011.69(1.59~1.79)12.95< 0.010.88(0.83~0.95)35.57< 0.011.29(1.19~1.41)
城乡旗县35.23< 0.011.16(1.10~1.22)222.88< 0.010.68(0.64~0.71)———
民族蒙古族———53.14< 0.010.81(0.77~0.86)———
其他民族———4.510.030.89(0.80~0.99)———
BMI消瘦0.030.851.15(0.27~4.81)0.250.620.60(0.08~4.42)1.650.202.56(0.61~10.76)
超重550.04< 0.011.97(1.86~2.09)10.57< 0.011.12(1.05~1.19)167.14< 0.011.77(1.62~1.93)
肥胖2 523.33< 0.013.42(3.26~3.58)235.81< 0.011.55(1.47~1.64)1 390.41< 0.013.69(3.45~3.95)
), ArticleFig(id=1325530135910441626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530130927608398, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

内蒙古2024年中小学生不同类型血压偏高多因素分析(n=129 821)

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自变量选项单纯收缩压偏高单纯舒张压偏高收缩压和舒张压均偏高
Wald χ2值P值OR值(95%CI)Wald χ2值P值OR值(95%CI)Wald χ2值P值OR值(95%CI)
性别女39.61< 0.011.15(1.10~1.20)36.97< 0.011.16(1.11~1.22)193.12< 0.011.55(1.46~1.65)
学段初中245.84< 0.011.47(1.40~1.54)4.150.040.94(0.90~0.98)42.85< 0.011.26(1.19~1.41)
高中311.95< 0.011.69(1.59~1.79)12.95< 0.010.88(0.83~0.95)35.57< 0.011.29(1.19~1.41)
城乡旗县35.23< 0.011.16(1.10~1.22)222.88< 0.010.68(0.64~0.71)———
民族蒙古族———53.14< 0.010.81(0.77~0.86)———
其他民族———4.510.030.89(0.80~0.99)———
BMI消瘦0.030.851.15(0.27~4.81)0.250.620.60(0.08~4.42)1.650.202.56(0.61~10.76)
超重550.04< 0.011.97(1.86~2.09)10.57< 0.011.12(1.05~1.19)167.14< 0.011.77(1.62~1.93)
肥胖2 523.33< 0.013.42(3.26~3.58)235.81< 0.011.55(1.47~1.64)1 390.41< 0.013.69(3.45~3.95)
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内蒙古中小学生血压偏高流行趋势及其与营养状况的关联
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李国峰 1 , 张秀红 *, 1 , 杨田 1 , 赵静 1 , 赵菊芳 1 , 田淑娟 1 , 高建琼 1 , 裴浩天 1 , 于冬 1 , 张蓉 1 , 马彩霞 2
中国学校卫生 | 疾病控制 2025,46(9): 1342-1345
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中国学校卫生 |疾病控制 2025 , 46 (9) : 1342 -1345
内蒙古中小学生血压偏高流行趋势及其与营养状况的关联
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李国峰1, 张秀红*, 1 , 杨田1, 赵静1, 赵菊芳1, 田淑娟1, 高建琼1, 裴浩天1, 于冬1, 张蓉1, 马彩霞2
作者信息
  • 1内蒙古自治区综合疾病预防控制中心学校卫生科,呼和浩特 010031
  • 2内蒙古自治区乌兰察布市中心医院麻醉科,呼和浩特 010031
通讯作者:
张秀红,E-mail:
作者简介:

李国峰(1992-),男,内蒙古自治区包头市人,硕士,主治医师,主要从事学校卫生工作

Prevalence trends of elevated blood pressure and its association with nutritional status among primary and secondary school students in Inner Mongolia
Guofeng LI1, Xiuhong ZHANG*, 1 , Tian YANG1, Jing ZHAO1, Jufang ZHAO1, Shujuan TIAN1, Jianqiong GAO1, Haotian PEI1, Dong YU1, Rong ZHANG1, Caixia MA2
Affiliations
  • 1School Health Department, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot 010031, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
出版时间: 2025-09-25 doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025265
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目的

分析2019—2024年内蒙古中小学生不同类型血压偏高的流行趋势及其与营养状况的关联,为制定中小学生血压偏高针对性的预防措施提供参考。

方法

2019—2024年每年9月,采用分层随机整群抽样方法从内蒙古自治区每个盟市选取12所中小学校,分别纳入177 108, 137 758,190 182, 180 084, 188 056, 180 351名中小学生(除小学一至三年级)作为研究对象进行体格检查,并根据2024年同时完成问卷调查的129 821名中小学生基本情况,分析其营养状况与血压偏高的相关性。采用χ2检验和多因素Logistic回归模型进行统计学分析。

结果

2019—2024年中小学生血压偏高的检出率分别为13.60%,13.68%,17.60%,17.24%,14.77%,15.96%;单纯收缩压偏高的检出率分别为4.24%,5.83%,7.26%,7.19%,6.24%,6.93%;单纯舒张压偏高的检出率分别为6.38%,4.99%,6.23%,6.41%,5.39%,5.66%;收缩压和舒张压均偏高的检出率分别为2.97%,2.86%,4.11%,3.65%,3.14%,3.36%。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,女生、初中、高中、超重、肥胖的学生血压偏高风险相对较高(OR值分别为1.27,1.25,1.32,1.66,3.07),旗县、蒙古族、其他民族中小学生血压偏高风险相对较低(OR值分别为0.90,0.93,0.90)(P值均 < 0.05)。

结论

儿童青少年的超重、肥胖与不同类型血压偏高相关。在今后的预防措施中应有效防控儿童青少年的体重超标问题,从而有效降低其血压偏高的发生率。

血压  /  营养状况  /  回归分析  /  学生  /  少数民族
Objective

To analyze the prevalence trends of different types of elevated blood pressure and their association with nutritional status among primary and secondary school students in Inner Mongolia from 2019 to 2024, providing references for targeted prevention strategies.

Methods

From September 2019 to 2024, a stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select 12 primary and secondary schools from each league city in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. A total of 177 108, 137 758, 190 182, 180 084, 188 056, 180 351 primary and secondary school students (excluding grades one to three of primary school) were included for physical examination. The correlation between their nutritional status and high blood pressure was analyzed based on the basic situation of 129 821 primary and secondary school students who completed a questionnaire survey at the same time in 2024. Statistical analysis was conducted using a Chi-square test and multiple Logistic regression model.

Results

From 2019 to 2024, the detection rates of elevated blood pressure were 13.60%, 13.68%, 17.60%, 17.24%, 14.77% and 15.96%, respectively. The rates for isolated systolic hypertension were 4.24%, 5.83%, 7.26%, 7.19%, 6.24% and 6.93%; isolated diastolic hypertension rates were 6.38%, 4.99%, 6.23%, 6.41%, 5.39% and 5.66%; and combined systolic and diastolic hypertension rates were 2.97%, 2.86%, 4.11%, 3.65%, 3.14% and 3.36%. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that girls, junior high school, senior high school, overweight, and obesity were positively associated with elevated blood pressure risk (OR=1.27, 1.25, 1.32, 1.66, 3.07, all P < 0.05); conversely, county residence, Mongolian ethnicity, and other ethnicities showed negative associations (OR=0.90, 0.93, 0.90, all P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Overweight and obesity among children and adolescents are closely related to various types of elevated blood pressure. Prevention strategies should prioritize effectively controlling weight issues among children and adolescents, thereby effectively reducing the incidence of elevated blood pressure.

Blood pressure  /  Nutritional status  /  Regression analysis  /  Students  /  Minority groups
李国峰, 张秀红, 杨田, 赵静, 赵菊芳, 田淑娟, 高建琼, 裴浩天, 于冬, 张蓉, 马彩霞. 内蒙古中小学生血压偏高流行趋势及其与营养状况的关联. 中国学校卫生, 2025 , 46 (9) : 1342 -1345 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025265
Guofeng LI, Xiuhong ZHANG, Tian YANG, Jing ZHAO, Jufang ZHAO, Shujuan TIAN, Jianqiong GAO, Haotian PEI, Dong YU, Rong ZHANG, Caixia MA. Prevalence trends of elevated blood pressure and its association with nutritional status among primary and secondary school students in Inner Mongolia[J]. Chinese Journal of School Health, 2025 , 46 (9) : 1342 -1345 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025265
近年来,儿童青少年血压异常呈现低龄化趋势,已成为重要的公共卫生问题[1]。世界卫生组织流行病学调查数据显示,全球6~18岁人群高血压前期及高血压患病率较20年前上升了47%,其中亚洲地区增长率尤为突出[2]。2018年中国慢性病与危险因素监测研究数据显示,高血压患病率为27.5%[3],值得注意的是,血压异常呈现出“轨迹锁定”现象。纵向队列研究表明,青春期前出现血压偏高的个体,成年后罹患原发性高血压的风险较正常人群增加4.7倍,且心血管事件发生时间平均提前12~15年[4]。本研究基于全国学生常见病和健康影响因素监测体系,通过分析2019—2024年连续5年内蒙古自治区中小学生的动态监测数据,系统解析营养状态与血压调节的复杂关联,为制定区域性青少年高血压防控策略提供循证依据。
于2019—2024年每年9月采用分层随机整群抽样方法,在内蒙古自治区各盟市每个城区采用直接抽选法抽取2所小学、2所初中、2所普通高中和1所职业高中,每个旗县抽取2所小学、2所初中和1所普通高中,以年级分层,每个年级直接抽取至少2个班级,以整班作为单位,保证每个年级抽取≥80名学生,研究人数达不到调查要求时由附近同类学校作为补充。2019—2024年进行血压测量的人数分别为177 108,137 758,190 182,180 084,188 056,180 351人;年龄范围7~22岁。因小学一至三年级未进行影响因素的问卷收集,所以影响因素分析的研究对象只纳入其余年级的中小学生。因2024年问卷覆盖的内容更加全面,因此营养状况与血压偏高的相关性研究仅采用2024年的调查问卷,本研究共纳入129 821名中小学生。参与学生均签署知情同意书,研究已通过内蒙古自治区疾病预防控制中心伦理委员会审批(批号:202309271)。
调查内容包括问卷调查和体格检查,问卷内容包括基本人口学信息,如学生的年龄、性别、民族、年级、居住地等;体格检查包括身高、体重、收缩压和舒张压等。儿童血压测量采用右上臂肱动脉血压,根据实际情况选择合适尺寸的袖带,血压计统一使用立柱式水银血压计,现场测量前检查血压计水银柱是否在零位,若不在则予以校正。每次血压测量2次,记录其平均值,每次测量间松开袖带,间隔1~2 min。如果2次读数中收缩压或舒张压相差5 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)以上,再次测量取3次计数的平均值。
(1) 体质量指数(body mass index, BMI)=体重(kg)/[身高(m)]2,7~18岁学生依据《学龄儿童青少年超重与肥胖筛查》(WS/T 586—2018)[5]标准筛查超重与肥胖;>18岁学生将BMI在24~ < 28 kg/m2视为超重,≥28 kg/m2视为肥胖[6]。7~18岁学生根据《学龄儿童青少年营养不良筛查》(WS/T 456—2014)[7]筛查轻度消瘦、中重度消瘦和生长迟缓,>18岁学生将BMI在17.0~<18.5 kg/m2视为体重过低、16.0~<17.0 kg/m2视为中度消瘦、<16.0 kg/m2视为重度消瘦[8];因三者人数较少,共同纳入为消瘦人群。(2)血压偏高及不同血压偏高类型:7~18岁学生依据《7岁~18岁儿童青少年血压偏高筛查界值》(WS/T 610—2018)[9], 当受试者的收缩压和/或舒张压均高于相应年龄、性别和身高人群的P95时,判定为血压偏高;>18岁学生将非同日3次诊室血压均≥140/90 mmHg或动态血压(白天)/家庭血压≥135/85 mmHg,判定为血压偏高[10]。单纯收缩压或舒张压偏高是指仅收缩压或舒张压高于相应年龄、性别和身高人群的P95,而对应的舒张压或收缩压处于正常范围内;收缩压和舒张压均偏高是指收缩压和舒张压均高于相应年龄、性别和身高人群的P95。
调查前对所有工作人员进行集中培训,现场调查过程确保不受他人干扰,调查结束后对所收集的问卷进行详细核查并及时剔除有明显错误的问卷。调查过程中,质量控制人员需要现场随机选取5%的学生对现场问卷和体格检查数据进行复核。若错误发生率为5%~10%,则进行复测、复检、改正;若错误发生率大于10%,则当日全部检测数据无效且必须重测。
使用SPSS 26.0及R 4.3.3软件进行数据分析,计数资料采用频数和率表示。单因素分析采用χ2检验,将单因素分析中有统计学意义的因素纳入二元Logistic回归模型进行分析。以P < 0.05为有统计学意义。
2019—2024年中小学生血压偏高的检出率分别为13.60%(24 082名),13.68%(18 848名),17.60%(33 476名),17.24%(31 046名),14.77%(27 782名),15.96%(28 783名);单纯收缩压偏高的检出率分别为4.24%(7 518名),5.83%(80 33名),7.26%(13 812名),7.19%(12 942名),6.24%(11 743名),6.93%(12 500名);单纯舒张压偏高的检出率分别为6.38%(11 301名),4.99%(6 870名),6.23%(11 847名),6.41%(11 537名),5.39%(10 138名),5.66%(10 216名);收缩压和舒张压均偏高的检出率分别为2.97%(5 263名),2.86%(3 945名),4.11%(7 817名),3.65%(6 567名),3.14%(5 901名),3.36%(6 067名)。
2024年129 821名中小学生中,共有21 065名血压偏高。单因素分析显示,学段、城乡、BMI不同的中小学生单纯收缩压偏高的检出率差异均有统计学意义;性别、学段、城乡、民族、BMI不同的中小学生单纯舒张压偏高和血压偏高的检出率差异均有统计学意义,性别、学段、城乡、BMI不同的中小学生收缩压和舒张压均偏高的检出率差异均有统计学意义(P值均 < 0.01)。见表1。
结果显示,女生较男生(OR=1.27,95%CI=1.23~1.31)、初中和高中生较小学生[OR值(95%CI)分别为1.25(1.21~1.30),1.32(1.26~1.37)]、超重(OR=1.66,95%CI=1.59~1.72)、肥胖(OR=3.07,95%CI=2.97~3.18)较正常体重中小学生血压偏高风险增加,旗县较城区(OR=0.90,95%CI=0.87~0.93)、蒙古族和其他民族较汉族[OR值(95%CI)分别为0.93(0.90~0.96),0.90(0.84~0.96)]中小学生血压偏高风险较低(P值均<0.05)。
不同类型血压偏高的Logistic回归分析结果表明,女生(OR=1.15)、初中和高中(OR值分别为1.47,1.69)、旗县(OR=1.16)、超重(OR=1.97)、肥胖(OR=3.42)中小学单纯收缩压偏高风险相对较高;初中和高中(OR值分别为0.94,0.88)、旗县(OR=0.6)、蒙古族和其他民族(OR值分别为0.81,0.89)中小学生单纯舒张压偏高风险相对较低,女生(OR=1.16)、超重(OR=1.12)、肥胖(OR=1.55)中小学生单纯舒张压偏高风险相对较高;女生(OR=1.55)、初中和高中(OR=1.26,1.29)、超重(OR=1.77)和肥胖(OR=3.69)中小学生收缩压和舒张压均偏高风险相对较高(P值均<0.05)。见表2。
本研究结果显示,2019—2024年内蒙古儿童青少年血压偏高的总体检出率为13.60%~19.96%,在2022年达到峰值(19.96%),与2021年拉萨市藏族中学生血压偏高检出率(17.8%)相近[11]。2019—2024年内蒙古中小学生血压偏高的检出率均高于2019年全国平均水平(13.0%)[12],提示内蒙古中小学生血压偏高问题需引起重视。研究结果表明儿童青少年单纯收缩压偏高的检出率高于单纯舒张压偏高及两者均偏高的检出率,可能与儿童青少年血管弹性较高、外周阻力调节机制尚未完善有关[13]。
经对2024年监测数据进行分析,结果表明女生血压偏高风险高于男生,与刘冰等[14]研究结果相反,与张昱堃等[15]研究一致,可能与青春期女性雌激素波动有关[13]。高中生单纯收缩压偏高的风险较高,可能与青春期生长加速暂时性增加心脏负荷,导致收缩压上升有关[16]。旗县学生血压偏高风险低于城区学生,与杨云娟等[17]研究结果不一致,可能因城区儿童接触加工食品和高糖高脂食物更频繁有关。蒙古族和其他民族学生的血压偏高风险较低,可能与遗传因素或传统饮食的作用有关。
超重和肥胖是中小学生血压偏高的正性相关因素,与其他研究结果一致[18],广东省关于血压的队列研究表明高血压发病率随BMI增加而升高,超重、肥胖儿童血压偏高检出率是正常体重儿童的1.31和1.82倍[19]。这可能与激素的调节系统有关,如胰岛素抵抗、瘦素作用、肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统过度激活[20]。研究还发现肥胖与单纯收缩压偏高的相关性尤为突出,原因可能是肥胖者体内脂肪大量堆积、身体血容量增加,导致心脏需要更大的力量将血液泵出,从而使收缩压升高[21]。
本次研究对内蒙古中小学生营养状况及血压的类型进行了细致分类,为今后的精准防控提供了科学依据。本研究存在的局限性:研究为横断面调查,无法很好地判断因果关系,今后可采用长期的追踪研究进一步分析因果关联。
  • 内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2024QN08077)
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2025年第46卷第9期
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doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025265
  • 接收时间:2025-04-02
  • 首发时间:2026-11-06
  • 出版时间:2025-09-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-02
  • 修回日期:2025-06-04
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内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2024QN08077)
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    1内蒙古自治区综合疾病预防控制中心学校卫生科,呼和浩特 010031
    2内蒙古自治区乌兰察布市中心医院麻醉科,呼和浩特 010031

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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