Article(id=1325529977013428510, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, issueId=1325529948685091532, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025259, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1739462400000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-14, revisedDate=1745942400000, revisedDateStr=2025-04-30, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793960573676, onlineDateStr=2026-11-06, pubDate=1756051200000, pubDateStr=2025-08-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793960573676, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793960573676, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793960573676, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1325529948685091532, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, year='2025', volume='46', issue='8', pageStart='1065', pageEnd='1216', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1756051200000', pubDateStr='2025-08-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793960566921, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793960566921, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1079, endPage=1083, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1325529977206366495, articleId=1325529977013428510, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=EN, title=Meta-analysis of maternal overweight/obesity during pregnancy and offspring metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, columnId=1325529950425735235, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of School Health, columnName=Impact of Maternal Adverse Factors during Pregnancy on Childhood Growth and Development, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To evaluates the association between maternal overweight/obesity during pregnancy and offspring risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), providing theoretical evidence for early-life MASLD prevention.

Methods

An online search was conducted across ten databases (CNKI, Wanfang, SinoMed, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, PROSPERO, PQDT Global, ScienceDirect) for research literature on the association between maternal overweight/obesity during pregnancy and the development of MASLD in offspring, with the search period spanning from January 2014 to December 2024. Two researchers independently screened literature, extracted data, and assessed study quality. Statistical analysis was performed using R 4.3.3.

Results

Ten studies involving 10 229 participants were included, comprising 4 cohort studies and 6 case-control studies. Cohort studies showed that maternal overweight and obesity significantly increased offspring MASLD risk (RR=1.59, 95%CI=1.06-2.39, P < 0.05), with moderate heterogeneity (I2=56.9%, P=0.07). Case-control studies indicated a positive association between maternal overweight/obesity during pregnancy and offspring risk of MASLD(OR=2.00, 95%CI=1.68-2.39, P < 0.05), with low heterogeneity (I2=48.8%, P=0.08).

Conclusions

Maternal overweight/obesity during pregnancy positively correlates with offspring MASLD risk. Gestational weight management may reduce the risk.

, authors=Yuying WU1, 2, Nuer ENKAER1, 2, Youxin WANG1, 2, Mingyue WANG1, 2, Yifan YANG1, 2, Shuhan YANG1, 2, Lingling SUN*, 2, 3, Hui WANG*, 1, 2, authorsList=Yuying WU, Nuer ENKAER, Youxin WANG, Mingyue WANG, Yifan YANG, Shuhan YANG, Lingling SUN, Hui WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Lingling SUN, Hui WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Chinese Journal of School Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1325529978179445030, articleId=1325529977013428510, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=CN, title=妊娠期超重肥胖和子代代谢相关脂肪性肝病的Meta分析, columnId=1325529950916465375, journalTitle=中国学校卫生, columnName=母亲妊娠期不良因素对儿童生长发育影响专栏, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

评估妊娠期超重肥胖和子代代谢相关(非酒精性)脂肪性肝病(MASLD)发生风险之间的相关性,为生命早期预防MASLD提供理论依据。

方法

在线检索中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、中国生物医学文献服务系统SinoMed和PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、PROSPERO、PQDT Global、ScienceDirect 10个数据库中有关妊娠期超重肥胖和子代MASLD发生关联的研究文献,检索时间为2014年1月至2024年12月。由2名研究者独立进行筛选文献、资料提取和质量评价,采用R 4.3.3软件进行统计分析。

结果

共纳入10篇文献,涉及10 229名研究对象,包括4篇队列研究和6篇病例对照研究。队列研究合并效应值显示妊娠期超重肥胖会增加子代MASLD发生风险(RR=1.59,95%CI=1.06~2.39,P < 0.05),研究间存在中度异质性(I2=56.9%,P=0.07);病例对照研究合并效应值显示妊娠期超重肥胖与子代MASLD的发生风险呈正相关(OR=2.00,95%CI=1.68~2.39,P < 0.05),异质性较低(I2=48.8%,P=0.08)。

结论

妊娠期超重肥胖与子代MASLD的发生风险呈正相关,孕期体重管理可降低子代MASLD的发生风险。

, authors=吴玉莹1, 2, 恩卡尔·努尔1, 2, 王佑新1, 2, 王明月1, 2, 杨依凡1, 2, 杨树涵1, 2, 孙玲玲*, 2, 3, 王辉*, 1, 2, authorsList=吴玉莹, 恩卡尔·努尔, 王佑新, 王明月, 杨依凡, 杨树涵, 孙玲玲, 王辉, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=孙玲玲, 王辉, authorNote=

吴玉莹(2001-),女,河南信阳人,在读硕士,主要研究方向为妇幼健康影响因素及干预措施

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孙玲玲,E-mail:
王辉,E-mail:
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Maternal nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a driver of fetal hepatic steatosis?[D]. Cincinnati: University of Cincinnati, 2022., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325529990078685591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325529977013428510, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=37, rfOrder=38, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MOURALIDARANE A, SOEDA J, LIN C I, et al. Maternal obesity during pregnancy and lactation programs development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in offspring fed a postnatal hyper-calorific diet[J]. 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Basic information on the relationship between MOO and offspring MASLD selected in the literature

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
第一作者及年份国家/地区研究类型结局指标样本量子代年龄/岁RR/OR值(95%CI)NOS总分
Zeng(2022)[17]中国队列研究NAFLD(CAP≥214.53 dB/m,肝脏超声)43081.19(1.09~1.29)8
Geurtsen(2021)[28]荷兰队列研究NALFD(MRI)2 168101.52(0.90~2.58)9
Bellatorre(2018)[29]美国队列研究NAFLD(肝脏脂肪分数≥5.56%)25416.4±1.52.79(0.91~8.54)6
Patel(2016)[18]英国队列研究NAFLD(肝脏超声)1 21517.8±0.42.63(1.20~5.55)7
Nairz(2024)[21]奥地利病例对照研究NAFLD(CAP值超过P90,肝脏超声)595173.59(1.69~7.62)7
De Ruyter(2024)[22]芬兰病例对照研究MAFLD(ALT超过2倍正常值上限)4602~161.16(0.68~1.99)6
Abeysekera(2021)[20]英国病例对照研究NAFLD(CAP值≥248 dB/m,肝脏超声)2 961242.09(1.62~2.68)9
Hagström(2021)[19]瑞典病例对照研究NAFLD(活检)882< 252.24(1.59~3.17)7
Cantoral(2020)[30]墨西哥病例对照研究NAFLD(MRI)9721.4±0.51.79(1.51~2.14)7
Ayonrinde(2018)[31]澳大利亚病例对照研究NAFLD(肝脏超声)1 167172.88(1.64~5.10)7
), ArticleFig(id=1325529985481728367, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325529977013428510, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

MOO与子代MASLD关系纳入文献的基本信息

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第一作者及年份国家/地区研究类型结局指标样本量子代年龄/岁RR/OR值(95%CI)NOS总分
Zeng(2022)[17]中国队列研究NAFLD(CAP≥214.53 dB/m,肝脏超声)43081.19(1.09~1.29)8
Geurtsen(2021)[28]荷兰队列研究NALFD(MRI)2 168101.52(0.90~2.58)9
Bellatorre(2018)[29]美国队列研究NAFLD(肝脏脂肪分数≥5.56%)25416.4±1.52.79(0.91~8.54)6
Patel(2016)[18]英国队列研究NAFLD(肝脏超声)1 21517.8±0.42.63(1.20~5.55)7
Nairz(2024)[21]奥地利病例对照研究NAFLD(CAP值超过P90,肝脏超声)595173.59(1.69~7.62)7
De Ruyter(2024)[22]芬兰病例对照研究MAFLD(ALT超过2倍正常值上限)4602~161.16(0.68~1.99)6
Abeysekera(2021)[20]英国病例对照研究NAFLD(CAP值≥248 dB/m,肝脏超声)2 961242.09(1.62~2.68)9
Hagström(2021)[19]瑞典病例对照研究NAFLD(活检)882< 252.24(1.59~3.17)7
Cantoral(2020)[30]墨西哥病例对照研究NAFLD(MRI)9721.4±0.51.79(1.51~2.14)7
Ayonrinde(2018)[31]澳大利亚病例对照研究NAFLD(肝脏超声)1 167172.88(1.64~5.10)7
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妊娠期超重肥胖和子代代谢相关脂肪性肝病的Meta分析
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吴玉莹 1, 2 , 恩卡尔·努尔 1, 2 , 王佑新 1, 2 , 王明月 1, 2 , 杨依凡 1, 2 , 杨树涵 1, 2 , 孙玲玲 *, 2, 3 , 王辉 *, 1, 2
中国学校卫生 | 母亲妊娠期不良因素对儿童生长发育影响专栏 2025,46(8): 1079-1083
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中国学校卫生 |母亲妊娠期不良因素对儿童生长发育影响专栏 2025 , 46 (8) : 1079 -1083
妊娠期超重肥胖和子代代谢相关脂肪性肝病的Meta分析
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吴玉莹(2001-),女,河南信阳人,在读硕士,主要研究方向为妇幼健康影响因素及干预措施

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吴玉莹(2001-),女,河南信阳人,在读硕士,主要研究方向为妇幼健康影响因素及干预措施

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吴玉莹1, 2, 恩卡尔·努尔1, 2, 王佑新1, 2, 王明月1, 2, 杨依凡1, 2, 杨树涵1, 2, 孙玲玲*, 2, 3 , 王辉*, 1, 2
作者信息
  • 1北京大学公共卫生学院妇幼卫生学系,北京 100191
  • 2北京大学医学部-潍坊市妇幼健康联合研究中心
  • 3潍坊市妇幼保健院产科
通讯作者:
孙玲玲,E-mail:
王辉,E-mail:
作者简介:

吴玉莹(2001-),女,河南信阳人,在读硕士,主要研究方向为妇幼健康影响因素及干预措施

Meta-analysis of maternal overweight/obesity during pregnancy and offspring metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease
Yuying WU1, 2, Nuer ENKAER1, 2, Youxin WANG1, 2, Mingyue WANG1, 2, Yifan YANG1, 2, Shuhan YANG1, 2, Lingling SUN*, 2, 3 , Hui WANG*, 1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
出版时间: 2025-08-25 doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025259
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目的

评估妊娠期超重肥胖和子代代谢相关(非酒精性)脂肪性肝病(MASLD)发生风险之间的相关性,为生命早期预防MASLD提供理论依据。

方法

在线检索中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、中国生物医学文献服务系统SinoMed和PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、PROSPERO、PQDT Global、ScienceDirect 10个数据库中有关妊娠期超重肥胖和子代MASLD发生关联的研究文献,检索时间为2014年1月至2024年12月。由2名研究者独立进行筛选文献、资料提取和质量评价,采用R 4.3.3软件进行统计分析。

结果

共纳入10篇文献,涉及10 229名研究对象,包括4篇队列研究和6篇病例对照研究。队列研究合并效应值显示妊娠期超重肥胖会增加子代MASLD发生风险(RR=1.59,95%CI=1.06~2.39,P < 0.05),研究间存在中度异质性(I2=56.9%,P=0.07);病例对照研究合并效应值显示妊娠期超重肥胖与子代MASLD的发生风险呈正相关(OR=2.00,95%CI=1.68~2.39,P < 0.05),异质性较低(I2=48.8%,P=0.08)。

结论

妊娠期超重肥胖与子代MASLD的发生风险呈正相关,孕期体重管理可降低子代MASLD的发生风险。

妊娠  /  超重  /  肥胖症  /  脂肪肝  /  Meta分析
Objective

To evaluates the association between maternal overweight/obesity during pregnancy and offspring risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), providing theoretical evidence for early-life MASLD prevention.

Methods

An online search was conducted across ten databases (CNKI, Wanfang, SinoMed, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, PROSPERO, PQDT Global, ScienceDirect) for research literature on the association between maternal overweight/obesity during pregnancy and the development of MASLD in offspring, with the search period spanning from January 2014 to December 2024. Two researchers independently screened literature, extracted data, and assessed study quality. Statistical analysis was performed using R 4.3.3.

Results

Ten studies involving 10 229 participants were included, comprising 4 cohort studies and 6 case-control studies. Cohort studies showed that maternal overweight and obesity significantly increased offspring MASLD risk (RR=1.59, 95%CI=1.06-2.39, P < 0.05), with moderate heterogeneity (I2=56.9%, P=0.07). Case-control studies indicated a positive association between maternal overweight/obesity during pregnancy and offspring risk of MASLD(OR=2.00, 95%CI=1.68-2.39, P < 0.05), with low heterogeneity (I2=48.8%, P=0.08).

Conclusions

Maternal overweight/obesity during pregnancy positively correlates with offspring MASLD risk. Gestational weight management may reduce the risk.

Pregnancy  /  Overweight  /  Obesity  /  Fatty liver  /  Meta-analysis
吴玉莹, 恩卡尔·努尔, 王佑新, 王明月, 杨依凡, 杨树涵, 孙玲玲, 王辉. 妊娠期超重肥胖和子代代谢相关脂肪性肝病的Meta分析. 中国学校卫生, 2025 , 46 (8) : 1079 -1083 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025259
Yuying WU, Nuer ENKAER, Youxin WANG, Mingyue WANG, Yifan YANG, Shuhan YANG, Lingling SUN, Hui WANG. Meta-analysis of maternal overweight/obesity during pregnancy and offspring metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease[J]. Chinese Journal of School Health, 2025 , 46 (8) : 1079 -1083 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025259
肥胖的特征是体内多余脂肪组织的积累,世界卫生组织将超重和肥胖定义为成年人的体质量指数(body mass index, BMI)分别超过25和30 kg/m2[1]。随着全球肥胖率的急剧上升,育龄妇女妊娠期超重肥胖(maternal overweight/obesity, MOO)已成为重大公共卫生问题[2]。2018年,全球有近4 000万孕妇的BMI属于超重类别[3]。MOO不仅增加孕妇妊娠期糖尿病、子痫前期、妊娠早期流产、巨大儿、剖宫产、感染易感性和产后出血[4-6]等风险,还可通过宫内编程对子代代谢健康产生长期影响[7-8]。代谢相关脂肪性肝病(metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, MASLD)是除酒精因素外所致的以肝细胞内脂肪过度沉积为主要特征的临床病理综合征,肝脏脂肪堆积并合并至少一项代谢风险因素,曾被命名为非酒精性脂肪性肝病(non-alcohol fatty liver disease, NAFLD)[9]。如果不加以控制和管理,易发展为肝硬化和肝细胞癌,并与代谢综合征和2型糖尿病互为因果,共同促进动脉硬化性心脑血管疾病、慢性肾病和肝外恶性肿瘤等的发病,威胁患者的生命健康[10]。近年来,MASLD患病率显著上升[11],且发病呈现低龄化趋势,大约每10名儿童青少年中就有1名患有脂肪性肝病,并增加患肝硬化、糖尿病和心血管疾病的风险[12-15]。发育起源假说提示[16],生命早期环境暴露可能是导致儿童患MASLD的重要危险因素。
Zeng等[17-18]的中国队列研究提示,MOO与子代MASLD风险增加呈正相关。同时,Hagström等[19-20]开展的病例研究亦提示MOO是子代MASLD发生的独立危险因素,Nairz等[21]开展的病例对照研究则认为该关联受儿童期肥胖的影响,也有研究结果显示MOO与子代MASLD发生不存在统计学关联[22]。此外,现有证据多局限于小样本单一研究[23],随访时间不足导致统计效力低下,效应量估计不稳定。因此,本研究通过系统综述和Meta分析,整合队列研究与病例对照证据,量化MOO与子代MASLD的关联强度,并通过亚组分析探讨研究类型、子代年龄及超重肥胖对效应值的影响,期望为生命早期预防MASLD提供理论依据。
本研究严格遵循《PRISMA 2020声明:用于报告系统评价的更新指南》[24],已在PROSPERO平台注册(注册号:CRD420250650396)。
在线检索中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、中国生物医学文献服务系统SinoMed 3个中文数据库和PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、PROSPERO、PQDT Global、ScienceDirect 7个英文数据库中2014年1月至2024年12月发表的有关妊娠期超重肥胖与子代脂肪肝发生关联的文献。本研究采用主题词、自由词和布尔逻辑运算相结合的方式进行文献检索,中文检索词为:(“妊娠期超重”或“妊娠期肥胖”或“妊娠体重”) 和(“子代”或“后代”或“子女”或“儿童”或“胎儿”) 和(“非酒精性脂肪性肝病”或“代谢相关脂肪性肝病”或“脂肪肝”或“肝病”或“代谢性肝病”)。英文检索词为:(“Maternal overweight” or “Maternal obesity” or “Pregnancy weight” or “Obesity in pregnancy” or “Maternal obesity”) and (“Offspring” or “Children” or “Fetal” or “Adolescent”) and (“Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease” or “NAFLD” or “MASLD” or “Metabolic Dysfunction-associated Steatotic Liver Disease”)。
采用PICOST原则[P为研究对象(participants);I为干预手段(intervention);C为对照组(comparison);O为结局指标(outcome);S为研究设计(study design);T为文献发表时间(time)]制定文献的纳入标准[25]:(1)研究人群中母亲符合妊娠期超重或肥胖,基于BMI≥25 kg/m2;(2)文献报告了母亲妊娠期BMI;(3)子代经影像学或生化指标诊断为MASLD;(4)研究设计限制为观察性研究,并能提供暴露与结局关联的效应值。排除标准:(1)母亲患其他代谢疾病(如妊娠前糖尿病、多囊卵巢综合征)未校正的研究;(2)未明确区分妊娠期超重肥胖与其他类型肥胖(如产后肥胖)的研究;(3)子代结局定义不明确或未区分MASLD与其他类型脂肪肝的研究;(4)综述、会议摘要、个案报告、动物实验、重复研究、无法提取数据以及质量评价得分较低的文献。
文献筛选与数据提取由2名独立研究者遵循预定的PICOS原则纳入排除标准完成,并由第3名研究者参与争议仲裁。在初筛阶段,通过Zotero软件剔除重复文献后,2名研究者独立阅读标题与摘要,排除明显不符合纳入标准的研究。初筛结果经交叉核对,争议文献保留至全文筛选阶段。随后对初筛通过的文献获取全文,双人独立评估其是否符合PICOS原则,对全文筛选过后出现的意见分歧提交至第3名研究者处进行最终裁定。最后,针对数据不全的文献(如未报告BMI切点或效应值),通过电子邮件联系论文作者(最多2次,间隔2周),未获回复者予以排除。筛选完成后通过计算Kappa值检验研究者间一致性。筛选过程详细记录每个步骤的筛选与排除原因,排除的文献在敏感性分析中进一步探讨其影响。本研究提取内容包括研究基本信息(作者、年份、国家、设计类型)、人群特征(母亲BMI定义、子代MASLD诊断标准)、效应值[风险比(risk ratio, RR)/比值比(odds ratio, OR)及95%置信区间(95% confidence interval, 95%CI)]。2名研究者独立完成数据提取及录入,提取结果经交叉核对,争议数据通过复核全文并与第3名研究者仲裁解决。
纳入研究的质量评价采用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表(Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, NOS)[26],由2名研究者独立完成。队列研究从研究对象选择(4分)、组间可比性(2分)和结局测量(3分)3个维度评分,病例对照研究评估病例/对照选择(4分)、可比性(2分)和暴露测量(3分)。根据NOS总分将文献质量分为高(7~9分)、中(4~6分)、低(0~3分)3种。
采用R 4.3.3统计软件对纳入文献的效应值进行统计分析。(1)效应值合并:基于研究设计类型差异化提取效应指标,队列研究采用RR,病例对照研究采用OR值,均配以95%CI呈现。当研究间异质性较低时优先采用固定效应模型;当异质性较高时采用随机效应模型,检验水准α=0.05。(2)异质性评估:通过Cochran's Q检验和I2统计量评估研究间的异质性。I2 < 50%表示轻度异质性,I2=50%~75%表示中度异质性,I2>75%表示高度异质性。若异质性检验显示各研究间差异无统计学意义(P>0.1)且I2 < 50%,采用固定效应模型,反之采用随机效应模型[27]。(3)Meta回归:将随访时间(年)、样本量(对数转换)等连续变量纳入混合效应模型,量化其对效应值的贡献度(β值及P值)。(4)发表偏倚评估:通过漏斗图对称性检验联合Egger's线性回归法多维度验证评估发表偏倚。漏斗图形态对称性用于直观评估小样本偏倚,Egger's回归检验以P < 0.05为显著性水平。(5)数据缺失值处理:对未直接报告RR/OR值的文献,通过2×2四格表数据或均数-标准差进行推算。原始数据缺失且无法获取时,予以敏感性分析。
共检索到979篇文献,识别和删除重复文献197篇,在阅读标题和摘要之后获得42篇,阅读全文内容之后对文献进行质量评价及进一步筛选,最终纳入质量评价中等以上文献共计10篇。2名研究者筛选结果进行一致性检验,Kappa值>75%,一致性较好,纳入流程见图1。
纳入的10篇文献均为英文文献,其中队列研究4篇,病例对照研究6篇,共10 229名年龄在2~25岁子代青少年样本,见表1。所有文献均控制了至少一个混杂因素,NOS评价得分在6~9分,文献质量较好。
对纳入的4篇队列研究文献进行综合分析,因各研究间存在中度异质性,故采用随机效应模型进行分析(I2=56.9%,P=0.07)。Meta分析结果显示MOO与子代MASLD发生呈正相关(RR=1.59,95%CI=1.06~2.39,P < 0.05)。见图2。
对纳入研究的6篇病例对照研究综合分析,因各研究间存在较高异质性,故采用随机效应模型进行分析(I2=48.8%,P=0.08)。Meta分析结果显示MOO与子代MASLD发生呈正相关(OR=2.00,95%CI=1.68~2.39,P < 0.05)。见图3。
病例对照研究的Egger检验偏倚估计值为1.12(SE=1.26,P>0.05),表明没有统计学意义上的发表偏倚。
为了评估纳入的4篇队列研究中是否存在小样本效应或发表偏倚,本研究进行了Egger检验,偏倚估计值为1.68(SE=0.35,P < 0.05),同时,漏斗图关于合并效应值并不完全对称,表明存在统计学意义上的发表偏倚。随后采用剪补法新增2项研究调整后,随机效应模型的合并RR=1.25,95%CI=0.63~2.51,P=0.44,说明调整后的效应无统计学意义。采用逐篇剔除法进行敏感性分析,剔除任意一项研究后,合并RR值波动范围在1.31~1.96,方向均提示暴露与风险呈正相关(RR>1),但95%CI均包含无效值,表明结果统计学显著性不稳定,剔除文献[19]后,异质性大幅度降低(由95.4%降至33.1%),表明其可能是高异质性的核心驱动因素。进一步Meta回归结果显示,随访年数对效应量的影响有统计学意义(β=0.08,95%CI=0.01~0.15,P=0.02)。然而,样本量未显示出统计学意义上的关联(β=0.000 1,95%CI=-0.000 3~0.000 4,P=0.84)。未观察到残余异质性(I2=0.00%,τ2=0),该回归模型解释了100%的异质性(R2=100%)。
本研究通过系统综述和Meta分析评估了妊娠期超重肥胖与子代MASLD发生风险的关联性,发现无论是队列研究还是病例对照研究,妊娠期超重肥胖均与子代MASLD发生风险呈正相关,提示母体妊娠期超重/肥胖是子代MASLD发生的危险因素,与既往关于母体肥胖与子代代谢综合征、胰岛素抵抗及脂肪肝关联的研究结论相符[33-36]。动物模型亦表明,高脂饮食诱导的母体肥胖可导致子代肝脏脂质沉积和炎症因子表达上调[37],提示宫内暴露可能通过表观遗传调控或线粒体功能障碍等机制影响子代代谢表型。
值得注意的是,队列研究与病例对照研究的效应量存在差异,可能源于研究设计特点,当OR值用于队列研究时,如果结局的发生率较高,会高估暴露对结局的影响,而队列研究的RR值相对保守,并且因其前瞻性设计,因果推断效力更强。此外,队列研究间异质性较高,可能与研究人群种族差异、随访时间(儿童期至成年期)、MASLD诊断标准(影像学或生化指标)等因素相关;病例对照研究异质性较低,可能与多数研究严格匹配混杂变量有关。尽管如此,每一项研究都至少控制了一项混杂因素,且随机效应模型与固定效应模型的应用已尽可能减少了异质性对结果的影响。另外,根据样本量和研究地区分层分析的结果显示,各亚组的合并效应值均呈风险升高趋势,与主要结果方向一致,且各亚组间异质性无统计学意义。
妊娠期超重肥胖可能通过多种途径增加子代MASLD风险:(1)母体高血糖、高游离脂肪酸及炎症因子经胎盘传递,直接干扰胎儿肝脏脂质代谢程序;(2)胎儿过度暴露于胰岛素及瘦素,导致出生后胰岛素抵抗和脂肪组织功能障碍;(3)肠道菌群紊乱及胆汁酸代谢异常,加剧肝脏脂质沉积。此外,表观遗传修饰可能在介导宫内环境与子代代谢表型关联中起关键作用,但具体机制仍需进一步研究。
本研究仍存在以下局限性:首先,纳入队列研究数量较少,可能降低结果的稳定性;其次,部分研究[29-30]未完全校正潜在混杂因素(如子代饮食模式、体力活动或遗传背景),可能存在残余混杂;再次,MASLD诊断标准在不同研究中存在差异(如超声、CT或ALT水平),可能影响结局判定的准确性。最后,尽管通过亚组分析和Meta回归探索了异质性来源,但残留异质性仍可能影响效应估计的精确性。未来建议开展多中心前瞻性出生队列研究,采用统一标准评估母体身体质量及子代MASLD,并控制可能的混杂因素,探索孕期超重肥胖与子代MASLD的关联。
  • 北京大学医学部-潍坊市妇幼健康联合研究中心科研基金项目(PKUWF-Y10)
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2025年第46卷第8期
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doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025259
  • 接收时间:2025-02-14
  • 首发时间:2026-11-06
  • 出版时间:2025-08-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-14
  • 修回日期:2025-04-30
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北京大学医学部-潍坊市妇幼健康联合研究中心科研基金项目(PKUWF-Y10)
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    1北京大学公共卫生学院妇幼卫生学系,北京 100191
    2北京大学医学部-潍坊市妇幼健康联合研究中心
    3潍坊市妇幼保健院产科

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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