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Article(id=1325530072605802921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, issueId=1325529948685091532, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025257, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1747584000000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-19, revisedDate=1750694400000, revisedDateStr=2025-06-24, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793960596466, onlineDateStr=2026-11-06, pubDate=1756051200000, pubDateStr=2025-08-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793960596466, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793960596466, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793960596466, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1325529948685091532, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, year='2025', volume='46', issue='8', pageStart='1065', pageEnd='1216', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1756051200000', pubDateStr='2025-08-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793960566921, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793960566921, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1156, endPage=1159, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1325530074228998570, articleId=1325530072605802921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=EN, title=Association of pet ownership and daily outdoor activity duration with depressive symptoms among middle school students, columnId=1259565855189418448, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of School Health, columnName=Mental Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To examine the associations of pet ownership and daily outdoor activity duration with depressive symptoms in middle school students, so as to provide evidence for targeted prevention strategies of depressive symptoms in middle school students.

Methods

Using a stratified cluster random sampling method, 83 601 middle and high school students from 103 districts and counties in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region were selected in 2024. A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect demographic data, household pet ownership, outdoor activity duration, and depressive symptoms of the research subjects. The comparison of reporting rates of depressive symptoms among different groups of middle school students was conducted using a χ2 test. The association between pet ownership and outdoor activity duration and depressive symptoms among middle school students was evaluated using a Logistic regression model, and stratified analysis was conducted among different genders and regions to control for potential confounding factors and evaluate the stability of the association.

Results

The prevalence of depressive symptoms among middle-school students in Inner Mongolia was 17.2%. Significant differences in depressive symptom reporting rates were observed across sex, grade, ethnicity, surveillance site, parental education, menarche/spermarche status, boarding status, smoking and alcohol use, daily breakfast consumption, school bullying, continuous 30-minute headphone use in a noisy environment, and often use the Internet (χ2=8.07-2 672.57, all P < 0.01). Both pet ownership (OR=0.78, 95%CI=0.75-0.81) and ≥2 h/d of outdoor activity(OR=0.81, 95%CI=0.78-0.84) were inversely associated with depressive symptoms; compared to the without owning pets and < 2 h of outdoor activity daily group, students who both owned pets and engaged in ≥2 h of outdoor activity daily had an even lower risk (OR=0.83, 95%CI=0.78-0.87)(all P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Pet ownership and increased daily outdoor activity duration may help mitigate depressive symptoms among middle school students.

, authors=Tian YANG1, Xiuhong ZHANG*, 1, Jianqiong GAO1, Nana WEI1, Yiman LI2, Zhaoting KANG*, 3, authorsList=Tian YANG, Xiuhong ZHANG, Jianqiong GAO, Nana WEI, Yiman LI, Zhaoting KANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xiuhong ZHANG, Zhaoting KANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Chinese Journal of School Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1325530074723926443, articleId=1325530072605802921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=CN, title=宠物饲养和户外活动时长与中学生抑郁症状的关联, columnId=1259565858817491410, journalTitle=中国学校卫生, columnName=心理卫生, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

分析宠物饲养和户外活动时长与中学生抑郁症状的关联, 为有针对性地制定预防中学生抑郁症状发生的相关策略提供参考依据。

方法

采用分层整群随机抽样方法, 于2024年抽取内蒙古自治区103个区县83 601名初、高中学生, 通过问卷调查收集研究对象的人口学资料、家庭是否饲养宠物、户外活动时长及抑郁症状情况。不同组别中学生抑郁症状的报告率比较采用χ2检验, 宠物饲养和户外活动时长与中学生抑郁症状的关联采用Logistic回归模型评估, 并在不同性别和地区人群中进行分层分析, 控制潜在混杂因素后评估关联的稳定性。

结果

内蒙古中学生抑郁症状的检出率为17.2%。不同性别、年级、民族、监测点、父母学历、是否来月经/遗精、是否住校、是否吸烟/饮酒、过去7 d内是否每天吃早餐、是否校园欺凌、是否在嘈杂环境中连续30 min使用耳机、是否经常上网的中学生抑郁症状检出率差异均有统计学意义(χ2=8.07~2 672.57, P值均 < 0.01)。二元Logistic回归分析显示, 宠物饲养(OR=0.78, 95%CI=0.75~0.81)和户外活动时长≥2 h/d(OR=0.81, 95%CI=0.78~0.84)的中学生抑郁症状发生风险均较低; 相较于"户外活动时长 < 2 h/d+不饲养宠物"组, "户外活动时长≥2 h/d+宠物饲养"组的中学生(OR=0.83, 95%CI=0.78~0.87)抑郁症状的发生风险更低(P值均 < 0.05)。

结论

饲养宠物和增加户外活动时长有助于缓解中学生抑郁症状。

, authors=杨田1, 张秀红*, 1, 高建琼1, 魏娜娜1, 李依蔓2, 康兆庭*, 3, authorsList=杨田, 张秀红, 高建琼, 魏娜娜, 李依蔓, 康兆庭, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=张秀红, 康兆庭, authorNote=

杨田(1989-), 女, 呼和浩特市人, 硕士, 副主任医师, 主要从事儿童青少年生长发育影响因素监测与干预、学校卫生与健康促进工作

, correspAuthorsNote=
张秀红，E-mail:
康兆庭，E-mail:
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杨田(1989-), 女, 呼和浩特市人, 硕士, 副主任医师, 主要从事儿童青少年生长发育影响因素监测与干预、学校卫生与健康促进工作

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Comparison of depressive symptom detection rates among middle school students with different groups in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

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组别选项人数抑郁症状人数χ2值P值
性别男41 4806 552(15.8)116.98＜0.01
女42 1217 843(18.6)
年级初中50 0467335(14.7)574.26＜0.01
高中33 5557 060(21.0)
民族汉族56 9229 602(16.7)24.21＜0.01
蒙古族22 5033 976(17.7)
其他4 176817(19.6)
监测点城区26 3004 705(17.9)12.12＜0.01
郊县57 3019 690(16.9)
是否来月经(女生)否2 222363(16.3)8.07＜0.01
是39 8997 480(18.7)
是否遗精(男生)否24 1373 303(13.7)193.45＜0.01
是17 3433 249(18.7)
父亲学历初中及以下49 3818 869(18.0)46.56＜0.01
高中及以上34 2205 526(16.1)
母亲学历初中及以下50 4199 084(18.0)56.80＜0.01
高中及以上33 1825 311(16.0)
独生子女是32 5275 523(17.0)2.130.14
否51 0748 872(17.4)
是否住校是29 5205 876(19.9)231.05＜0.01
否54 0818 519(15.8)
过去7 d内是否每天吃早餐是54 1906 753(12.5)2 445.41＜0.01
否29 4117 642(26.0)
校园欺凌是2 7061 001(37.0)767.08＜0.01
否80 89513 394(16.6)
是否在嘈杂环境中连续30 min使用耳机是32 1307 341(22.8)1 160.13＜0.01
否51 4717 054(13.7)
是否经常上网是20 3502 985(14.7)122.74＜0.01
否63 25111 410(18.0)
是否吸烟是7 7352 697(34.9)1 862.61＜0.01
否75 86611 698(15.4)
是否饮酒是15 9514 964(31.1)2 672.57＜0.01
否67 6509 431(13.9)
), ArticleFig(id=1325530079752896993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530072605802921, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

内蒙古自治区不同组别中学生抑郁症状检出率比较

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组别选项人数抑郁症状人数χ2值P值
性别男41 4806 552(15.8)116.98＜0.01
女42 1217 843(18.6)
年级初中50 0467335(14.7)574.26＜0.01
高中33 5557 060(21.0)
民族汉族56 9229 602(16.7)24.21＜0.01
蒙古族22 5033 976(17.7)
其他4 176817(19.6)
监测点城区26 3004 705(17.9)12.12＜0.01
郊县57 3019 690(16.9)
是否来月经(女生)否2 222363(16.3)8.07＜0.01
是39 8997 480(18.7)
是否遗精(男生)否24 1373 303(13.7)193.45＜0.01
是17 3433 249(18.7)
父亲学历初中及以下49 3818 869(18.0)46.56＜0.01
高中及以上34 2205 526(16.1)
母亲学历初中及以下50 4199 084(18.0)56.80＜0.01
高中及以上33 1825 311(16.0)
独生子女是32 5275 523(17.0)2.130.14
否51 0748 872(17.4)
是否住校是29 5205 876(19.9)231.05＜0.01
否54 0818 519(15.8)
过去7 d内是否每天吃早餐是54 1906 753(12.5)2 445.41＜0.01
否29 4117 642(26.0)
校园欺凌是2 7061 001(37.0)767.08＜0.01
否80 89513 394(16.6)
是否在嘈杂环境中连续30 min使用耳机是32 1307 341(22.8)1 160.13＜0.01
否51 4717 054(13.7)
是否经常上网是20 3502 985(14.7)122.74＜0.01
否63 25111 410(18.0)
是否吸烟是7 7352 697(34.9)1 862.61＜0.01
否75 86611 698(15.4)
是否饮酒是15 9514 964(31.1)2 672.57＜0.01
否67 6509 431(13.9)
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宠物饲养和户外活动时长与中学生抑郁症状的关联
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杨田 1 , 张秀红 *, 1 , 高建琼 1 , 魏娜娜 1 , 李依蔓 2 , 康兆庭 *, 3
中国学校卫生 | 心理卫生 2025,46(8): 1156-1159
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中国学校卫生 |心理卫生 2025 , 46 (8) : 1156 -1159
宠物饲养和户外活动时长与中学生抑郁症状的关联
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杨田(1989-), 女, 呼和浩特市人, 硕士, 副主任医师, 主要从事儿童青少年生长发育影响因素监测与干预、学校卫生与健康促进工作

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杨田(1989-), 女, 呼和浩特市人, 硕士, 副主任医师, 主要从事儿童青少年生长发育影响因素监测与干预、学校卫生与健康促进工作

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杨田1, 张秀红*, 1 , 高建琼1, 魏娜娜1, 李依蔓2, 康兆庭*, 3
作者信息
  • 1内蒙古自治区疾病预防控制中心学校卫生科, 呼和浩特 010000
  • 2内蒙古医科大学公共卫生学院
  • 3内蒙古自治区人民医院医学影像科
通讯作者:
张秀红，E-mail:
康兆庭，E-mail:
作者简介:

杨田(1989-), 女, 呼和浩特市人, 硕士, 副主任医师, 主要从事儿童青少年生长发育影响因素监测与干预、学校卫生与健康促进工作

Association of pet ownership and daily outdoor activity duration with depressive symptoms among middle school students
Tian YANG1, Xiuhong ZHANG*, 1 , Jianqiong GAO1, Nana WEI1, Yiman LI2, Zhaoting KANG*, 3
Affiliations
  • 1School Health Section, Inner Mongolia Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot 010000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
出版时间: 2025-08-25 doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025257
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摘要
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目的

分析宠物饲养和户外活动时长与中学生抑郁症状的关联, 为有针对性地制定预防中学生抑郁症状发生的相关策略提供参考依据。

方法

采用分层整群随机抽样方法, 于2024年抽取内蒙古自治区103个区县83 601名初、高中学生, 通过问卷调查收集研究对象的人口学资料、家庭是否饲养宠物、户外活动时长及抑郁症状情况。不同组别中学生抑郁症状的报告率比较采用χ2检验, 宠物饲养和户外活动时长与中学生抑郁症状的关联采用Logistic回归模型评估, 并在不同性别和地区人群中进行分层分析, 控制潜在混杂因素后评估关联的稳定性。

结果

内蒙古中学生抑郁症状的检出率为17.2%。不同性别、年级、民族、监测点、父母学历、是否来月经/遗精、是否住校、是否吸烟/饮酒、过去7 d内是否每天吃早餐、是否校园欺凌、是否在嘈杂环境中连续30 min使用耳机、是否经常上网的中学生抑郁症状检出率差异均有统计学意义(χ2=8.07~2 672.57, P值均 < 0.01)。二元Logistic回归分析显示, 宠物饲养(OR=0.78, 95%CI=0.75~0.81)和户外活动时长≥2 h/d(OR=0.81, 95%CI=0.78~0.84)的中学生抑郁症状发生风险均较低; 相较于"户外活动时长 < 2 h/d+不饲养宠物"组, "户外活动时长≥2 h/d+宠物饲养"组的中学生(OR=0.83, 95%CI=0.78~0.87)抑郁症状的发生风险更低(P值均 < 0.05)。

结论

饲养宠物和增加户外活动时长有助于缓解中学生抑郁症状。

宠物饲养  /  运动活动  /  抑郁  /  精神卫生  /  回归分析  /  学生
Objective

To examine the associations of pet ownership and daily outdoor activity duration with depressive symptoms in middle school students, so as to provide evidence for targeted prevention strategies of depressive symptoms in middle school students.

Methods

Using a stratified cluster random sampling method, 83 601 middle and high school students from 103 districts and counties in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region were selected in 2024. A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect demographic data, household pet ownership, outdoor activity duration, and depressive symptoms of the research subjects. The comparison of reporting rates of depressive symptoms among different groups of middle school students was conducted using a χ2 test. The association between pet ownership and outdoor activity duration and depressive symptoms among middle school students was evaluated using a Logistic regression model, and stratified analysis was conducted among different genders and regions to control for potential confounding factors and evaluate the stability of the association.

Results

The prevalence of depressive symptoms among middle-school students in Inner Mongolia was 17.2%. Significant differences in depressive symptom reporting rates were observed across sex, grade, ethnicity, surveillance site, parental education, menarche/spermarche status, boarding status, smoking and alcohol use, daily breakfast consumption, school bullying, continuous 30-minute headphone use in a noisy environment, and often use the Internet (χ2=8.07-2 672.57, all P < 0.01). Both pet ownership (OR=0.78, 95%CI=0.75-0.81) and ≥2 h/d of outdoor activity(OR=0.81, 95%CI=0.78-0.84) were inversely associated with depressive symptoms; compared to the without owning pets and < 2 h of outdoor activity daily group, students who both owned pets and engaged in ≥2 h of outdoor activity daily had an even lower risk (OR=0.83, 95%CI=0.78-0.87)(all P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Pet ownership and increased daily outdoor activity duration may help mitigate depressive symptoms among middle school students.

Pet keeping  /  Motor activity  /  Depression  /  Mental health  /  Regression analysis  /  Students
杨田, 张秀红, 高建琼, 魏娜娜, 李依蔓, 康兆庭. 宠物饲养和户外活动时长与中学生抑郁症状的关联. 中国学校卫生, 2025 , 46 (8) : 1156 -1159 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025257
Tian YANG, Xiuhong ZHANG, Jianqiong GAO, Nana WEI, Yiman LI, Zhaoting KANG. Association of pet ownership and daily outdoor activity duration with depressive symptoms among middle school students[J]. Chinese Journal of School Health, 2025 , 46 (8) : 1156 -1159 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025257
正文
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根据全国2022年的调查数据显示，青少年抑郁症状检出率已高达14.8%，发病逐步趋于年轻化[1]。中学生正处于青春发育阶段，不仅要适应身体发育和心理转变带来的冲击，还要背负沉重的学业负担，多重压力使他们更容易产生抑郁症状[2-3]，且其不良影响甚至会延续至成年期[4]。有研究表明饲养宠物对青少年心理健康有积极作用[5]；在众多抑郁的干预措施中，户外活动成为备受瞩目的焦点[6]。置身户外能让人们接受更多阳光照射，促进对情绪调节至关重要的维生素D合成；还可以提升内啡肽含量、减轻炎症和氧化应激，这些都有助于改善情绪[7-8]。最新研究证实了将户外活动引入校园后，中学生的抑郁情绪得到有效缓解[9]。为此，本研究对内蒙古中学生饲养宠物情况、参与户外活动时长与抑郁症状之间的关联进行分析, 为促进学生身心健康提供参考依据。
1　对象与方法
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1.1　对象
本研究使用2024年内蒙古学生健康影响因素监测项目调查数据，调查覆盖内蒙古地区全部旗、县、区(103个)。采用分层整群抽样的方法于2024年在每个城区以随机数字表抽取5所中学(2所初中、2所普通高中、1所职业高中)，每个郊县再以随机数字表抽取3所中学(2所初中、1所普通高中)，每个年级至少监测80名学生，共抽取83 601名学生。其中男生41 480名，女生42 121名；平均年龄(16.2±1.3)岁。项目已通过内蒙古自治区疾病预防控制中心伦理委员会审批(批号：202309271)，所有监测学生均已签署知情同意书。
1.2　方法
1.2.1　问卷调查
使用2024年内蒙古学生健康状况及影响因素调查表(中学版)[10]进行问卷调查，内容包括中学生的性别、监测点(城区/郊县)、民族、是否独生子女、是否住校、是否来月经/遗精、首次月经/遗精年龄、家庭成员数、父母学历等人口学特征，日常饮食、运动行为、校园欺凌、吸烟饮酒行为、网络使用情况、不良用耳行为、家里是否养宠物、户外活动时长和心理因素调查等信息。其中户外活动情况根据调查问卷中“过去一周里，平均每天白天户外活动时长(可累计)？”将结果分为“＜2 h/d”和“≥2 h/d”两组。吸烟指迄今为止是否曾尝试吸烟，即使只吸一两口。饮酒指迄今为止曾饮过酒(定量为“一整杯酒”，相当于一听啤酒、一小盅白酒、一杯葡萄酒或黄酒)。校园欺凌包括被别人恶意取笑，被索要财物，被有意排斥在集体活动之外或被孤立，被威胁和恐吓(言语和行动)，被打、踢、推、挤或关在屋里，因为身体缺陷或长相而被取笑7个题目，其中任何一项中选择“经常”则代表遭受校园欺凌相关行为。
1.2.2　抑郁症状
抑郁症状使用流调中心抑郁量表(Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression, CES-D)测量，问卷共20个问题，4题反向计分(4，8，12，16)，每题按最近一周内症状出现的频度4级评分：0=少于1 d(几乎没有)、1=1~2 d(偶尔)、2=3~4 d(有时)、3=5~7 d(经常/几乎每天)。将CES-D评分≥20分判定为存在抑郁症状[10]。量表信度0.80，效度0.91。
1.2.3　宠物饲养情况
根据调查问卷中“家里是否饲养宠物”将结果分为“饲养”和“不饲养”。
1.3　质量控制
由各盟市疾病预防控制主管部门对监测人员开展项目培训，确保监测对象、检测仪器与设备符合要求，开展监测时严格履行监测方案、标准，熟练掌握监测操作程序，确保采集的数据准确、可靠。调查后，监测项目组选取5%的学生进行现场复核，确保数据质量。问卷收集完成后，由监测人员进行问卷初步审核，排除明显错填、漏填的问卷。
1.4　统计学分析
采用SPSS 27.0软件进行统计分析。计量资料用(x±s)描述，计数资料用频数或百分率描述。不同组别中学生抑郁症状的报告率比较采用χ2检验；使用二元Logistic回归模型分别分析宠物饲养和户外活动时长与抑郁症状的单独关联及两者对抑郁症状的相加交互作用，并调整是否每天吃早餐、是否遭受过校园欺凌、是否在嘈杂环境中连续30 min使用耳机、是否经常上网、是否吸烟、是否饮酒等混杂因素后建模，以男女和城乡进行分层分析。双侧检验水准α=0.05。
2　结果
收起
2.1　内蒙古中学生抑郁症状检出率
共14 395名(17.2%)中学生存在抑郁症状。其中，女生抑郁症状报告率高于男生(18.6%，15.8%)，高中生高于初中生(21.0%，14.7%)，城区高于郊县(17.9%，16.9%)，组间差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.01)。父母文化程度为高中及以上的学生抑郁症状检出率均较低，不同民族、是否来月经/遗精、是否住校、过去7 d内是否每天吃早餐、是否遭受过校园欺凌、是否在嘈杂环境中连续30 min使用耳机、是否经常上网、是否吸烟、是否饮酒与中学生抑郁症状发生均相关，检出率组间差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05)。见表1。
2.2　宠物饲养和户外活动时长与内蒙古中学生抑郁症状关联的Logistic回归分析
调整相关混杂因素后，二元Logistic回归分析结果显示，相较于不饲养宠物的中学生，饲养宠物的中学生发生抑郁症状的风险较低(OR=0.78，95%CI=0.75~0.81)；户外活动时长≥2 h/d相较于＜2 h/d的中学生发生抑郁症状的风险较低(OR=0.81，95%CI=0.78~0.84)(P值均＜0.01)。
以性别进行分层，相较于不饲养宠物的男生和女生，饲养宠物的男生和女生发生抑郁症状的风险均较低[女生：OR(95%CI)=0.86(0.82~0.91)；男生：OR(95%CI)=0.94(0.88~0.99)]；与户外活动时长＜2 h/d的男生和女生相比，户外活动时长≥2 h/d的男生和女生发生抑郁症状的风险均较低[女生：OR(95%CI)=0.80(0.76~0.84)；男生：OR(95%CI)=0.83(0.79~0.88)](P值均＜0.01)。以地区进行分层，相较于不饲养宠物的城区和郊县中学生，饲养宠物的城区和郊县中学生发生抑郁症状的风险均较低(城区：OR(95%CI)=0.87(0.81~0.93)；郊县：OR(95%CI)=0.90(0.86~0.95)]；与户外活动时长＜2 h/d的城区和效县中学生相比，户外活动时长≥2 h/d的城区和郊县中学生发生抑郁症状的风险均较低(城区：OR(95%CI)=0.80(0.75~0.86)；郊县：OR=0.82(0.79~0.86)](P值均＜0.05)。
2.3　宠物饲养和户外活动时长与内蒙古中学生抑郁症状的相加交互作用
调整相关混杂因素后，二元Logistic回归分析结果显示，与“户外活动时长＜2 h/d+不饲养宠物”组的中学生相比，户外活动时长≥2 h/d+不饲养宠物组(OR=0.63，95%CI=0.60~0.66)、户外活动时长＜2 h/d +饲养宠物组(OR=0.80，95%CI=0.76~0.84)、户外活动时长≥2 h/d+饲养宠物组的中学生(OR=0.83，95%CI=0.78~0.87)抑郁症状的发生风险均更低(P值均＜0.01)。
3　讨论
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本研究结果表明，内蒙古自治区中学生抑郁症状的检出率为17.2%，低于上海市的22.2%[15]和北京市的18.2%[16]。女生相较于男生表现出抑郁症状的可能性更大，该结果与已有研究结论契合[11]。推测是因为女生情感更为敏锐、细腻，自我认知发展更早、对周围环境变化感知强烈，遭遇负面事件时情绪更容易起伏[11]。从学习阶段来看，高中生的抑郁症状检出率高于初中生。可能由于高中生处于高考、择校等重要人生阶段，学业负荷和压力远超初中生，致使更容易出现抑郁症状[17]。吸烟饮酒和遭受过校园欺凌的学生抑郁症状检出率更高，先前研究也发现尼古丁和酒精会干扰大脑中神经递质的正常活动，从而破坏情绪的稳定状态，引发行为异常等一系列负面后果[15]。
Logistic回归分析结果显示，饲养宠物的中学生抑郁症状风险更低，且对女生抑郁症状的效应更强。青春期是探索人与宠物关系发展的重要时期，在这个阶段，青少年开始摆脱对家人的依赖，将情感关注点转向其他对象[18]。与宠物接触，可以缓解孤独感，提高社交能力和自信心[13]；在面对重大困境、承受巨大压力或遭受创伤的时候，宠物能成为情感倾诉与心灵依靠的避风港[19]。Jalongo等[12]发现当孩子与宠物互动时，会促使身体释放催产素，不仅能够增进情感连接，还能有效缓解压力和焦虑、改善抑郁情绪。此外，日常照顾宠物的过程可增加青少年的户外活动，促进他们与外界的交流，增加个体的责任意识[12]。
本研究发现，户外活动时长与中学生的抑郁症状存在直接关联。国内一项研究表明，身体活动和抑郁症状呈负相关，每周增加1 h的体育活动，中学生抑郁症状发生的风险可降低8%[16]，与本次研究结果相符。在户外活动期间，身体会分泌血清素、多巴胺、内啡肽等多种激素，血清素对情绪、睡眠、认知、记忆、食欲及消化等生理和心理功能具有调节作用[16]。规律的体育锻炼能够改善个体的情绪状态，提升睡眠质量，有效解决抑郁症患者面临的常见问题[14]。同样，多巴胺与愉悦、满足感及内在驱动力紧密相关，运动时多巴胺水平的提升能带来积极的情绪体验，进而缓解压力[14]；并有利于增加社会交往、帮助建立深厚的友谊，减轻孤独感和自卑情绪、提高个体的自信心和自尊心，从而全面提升青少年的心理健康[10]。
本次调查还发现，宠物饲养和户外活动时长在影响抑郁症状方面存在交互作用，饲养宠物且户外活动时长≥2 h/d的学生比不饲养宠物且户外活动时长＜2 h/d的学生有更低的抑郁症状报告率。相关研究证实，涵盖心理疏导、运动训练、物理干预等在内的多种非药物处理模式，凭借其安全性高的特点，在青少年抑郁症状干预过程中的重要性与日俱增，均能有效改善青少年患者的抑郁症状[20]。因此，在整个青少年时期，将饲养宠物和加强户外活动作为一个新兴的治疗方法，有助于促进学生的心理健康发展[21]。
综上所述, 宠物饲养和户外活动时长单独或联合与内蒙古自治区中学生抑郁症状检出率的相关性均存在负向关联。为了切实提升青少年的心理健康水平，有效预防和缓解中学生抑郁倾向，学校应该积极探索创新型心理健康教育模式。鼓励学生参与宠物喂养与日常照料；同时组织学生参加户外体育锻炼、自然探索等活动，增加户外活动时间，让学生在大自然中放松身心，调节情绪。在家庭方面，家长可以支持孩子饲养一些合适的宠物，并陪伴孩子一起参与户外活动，营造有利于心理健康的家庭环境。
本研究存在一些局限性：所采用的横断面调查数据无法确定宠物饲养和户外活动时长与中学生抑郁症状的因果关系；其次，本研究仅探讨了宠物饲养的有无与抑郁症状的关系，未区分宠物的种类、性格等因素，未来可进一步分析这些变量对抑郁症状的影响，为心理健康干预提供更精准的依据。
基金
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  • 内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2024QN08077)
文献
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2025年第46卷第8期
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doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025257
  • 接收时间：2025-05-19
  • 首发时间：2026-11-06
  • 出版时间：2025-08-25
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  • 收稿日期：2025-05-19
  • 修回日期：2025-06-24
基金
内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2024QN08077)
作者信息
    1内蒙古自治区疾病预防控制中心学校卫生科, 呼和浩特 010000
    2内蒙古医科大学公共卫生学院
    3内蒙古自治区人民医院医学影像科

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Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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