Article(id=1325530045032457027, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, issueId=1325529948685091532, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025256, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1739980800000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-20, revisedDate=1744300800000, revisedDateStr=2025-04-11, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793960589893, onlineDateStr=2026-11-06, pubDate=1756051200000, pubDateStr=2025-08-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793960589893, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793960589893, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793960589893, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1325529948685091532, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, year='2025', volume='46', issue='8', pageStart='1065', pageEnd='1216', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1756051200000', pubDateStr='2025-08-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793960566921, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793960566921, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1166, endPage=1169, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1325530045384778564, articleId=1325530045032457027, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=EN, title=Association of mother-child relationship with sleep quality and executive function among preschool children, columnId=1259565855189418448, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of School Health, columnName=Mental Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the mediating role of children's sleep quality in the association between mother-child relationship and the executive function of preschool children, providing a reference for promoting the development of the executive function of preschool children.

Methods

A stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 842 preschoolers from 12 kindergartens in Wuhu City, Anhui Province in December 2021 as the subjects of the first follow-up study with follow-up every six months thereafter. Finally, 746 children were included in the study after 3 follow-up. Spearman correlation analysis was used to explore the associations among mother-child relationship, sleep quality and executive function in preschool children. Bootstrap program and PROCESS software were applied to test the mediating effect of sleep quality in the association between mother-child relationship and the executive function of preschool children.

Results

Conflictual mother-child relationship was positively correlated with the total score of executive function, as well as scores of inhibitory, shifting, emotional control, working memory, and organizational planning (r=0.40, 0.37, 0.36, 0.41, 0.38, 0.34, all P < 0.05). Dependent mother-child relationship was positively correlated with the total score of executive function, as well as scores of inhibitory, shifting, emotional control, working memory, and organizational planning (r=0.23, 0.20, 0.21, 0.22, 0.22, 0.19, all P < 0.05). Sleep quality was positively correlated with the total executive function score (r=0.27, P < 0.01). After adjusting for confounding factors, sleep quality played a partial mediating role in the associations between dependent and conflictual mother-child relationships and executive function, the mediating effects were 19.40% and 11.22% respectively.

Conclusions

Sleep quality plays a mediating role in the association between mother-child relationship and the executive function of preschool children. Improving sleep quality in the early stage can promote the executive function of preschool children.

, authors=Xiaochen CUI1, Haiyan HE1, Min ZHU1, Ruoyu LI2, Jun WU2, Yuhui WAN*, 2, authorsList=Xiaochen CUI, Haiyan HE, Min ZHU, Ruoyu LI, Jun WU, Yuhui WAN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yuhui WAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Chinese Journal of School Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1325530045829374789, articleId=1325530045032457027, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=CN, title=母子关系与学龄前儿童睡眠质量和执行功能的关联, columnId=1259565858817491410, journalTitle=中国学校卫生, columnName=心理卫生, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探讨儿童睡眠质量在母子关系与学龄前儿童执行功能关联间的中介作用,为促进学龄前儿童执行功能发展提供参考。

方法

采用分层整群抽样方法,于2021年12月选取安徽省芜湖市12所幼儿园842名儿童为第1次随访对象,之后每半年随访一次,3次随访后最终有746名儿童纳入研究。采用Spearman相关分析母子关系与学龄前儿童睡眠质量及其执行功能的关联;通过自举(bootstrap)程序和PROCESS软件检验睡眠质量在母子关系与学龄前儿童执行功能间的中介效应。

结果

冲突性母子关系与学龄前儿童执行功能总分、抑制、转换、情绪控制、工作记忆和组织计划得分均呈正相关(r值分别为0.40,0.37,0.36,0.41,0.38,0.34),依赖性母子关系与学龄前儿童执行功能总分、抑制、转换、情绪控制、工作记忆功能和组织计划得分均呈正相关(r值分别为0.23,0.20,0.21,0.22,0.22,0.19),睡眠质量与总执行功能得分呈正相关(r=0.27)(P值均 < 0.01)。调整混杂因素后,睡眠质量在依赖性、冲突性母子关系和执行功能关联中起部分中介作用,中介效应分别为19.40%,11.22%。

结论

睡眠质量在母子关系和学龄前儿童执行功能关联中存在中介效应,改善早期睡眠质量可以促进学龄前儿童执行功能的发展。

, authors=崔晓晨1, 何海燕1, 朱敏1, 李若瑜2, 吴峻2, 万宇辉*, 2, authorsList=崔晓晨, 何海燕, 朱敏, 李若瑜, 吴峻, 万宇辉, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=万宇辉, authorNote=

崔晓晨(1987-),女,安徽芜湖人,硕士,副主任医师,主要研究方向为儿童保健

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万宇辉,E-mail:
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Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 2025, 34(4): 1379-1390., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1325530051630097273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530045032457027, awardId=null, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(82273652);安徽省自然科学基金优青项目(2208085Y23), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1325530047288992582, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530045032457027, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325530047301575495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530045032457027, companyId=1325530047288992582, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Department of Child Healthcare, Wuhu Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Wuhu 241000, Anhui Province, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325530047314158408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530045032457027, companyId=1325530047288992582, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1安徽省芜湖市妇幼保健院儿童保健所,241000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1325530047385461577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530045032457027, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325530047393850186, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530045032457027, companyId=1325530047385461577, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2安徽医科大学公共卫生学院)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1325530049541333875, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530045032457027, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Correlations analysis of parent-child relationship, preschoolers' sleep quality and executive function(r, n=746)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量亲密性冲突性依赖性睡眠质量总执行功能抑制转换情绪控制工作记忆
冲突性-0.05
依赖性0.17**0.56**
睡眠质量-0.060.32**0.20**
总执行功能-0.08*0.40**0.23**0.27**
抑制-0.08*0.37**0.20**0.25**0.94**
转换-0.060.36**0.21**0.21**0.86**0.74**
情绪控制-0.060.41**0.22**0.27**0.86**0.77**0.80**
工作记忆-0.09*0.38**0.22**0.26**0.95**0.88**0.75**0.74**
组织计划-0.060.34**0.19**0.25**0.91**0.83**0.75**0.72**0.86**
), ArticleFig(id=1325530049616831348, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530045032457027, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

亲子关系、睡眠质量及儿童执行功能的相关分析(r值,n=746)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量亲密性冲突性依赖性睡眠质量总执行功能抑制转换情绪控制工作记忆
冲突性-0.05
依赖性0.17**0.56**
睡眠质量-0.060.32**0.20**
总执行功能-0.08*0.40**0.23**0.27**
抑制-0.08*0.37**0.20**0.25**0.94**
转换-0.060.36**0.21**0.21**0.86**0.74**
情绪控制-0.060.41**0.22**0.27**0.86**0.77**0.80**
工作记忆-0.09*0.38**0.22**0.26**0.95**0.88**0.75**0.74**
组织计划-0.060.34**0.19**0.25**0.91**0.83**0.75**0.72**0.86**
), ArticleFig(id=1325530049704911733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530045032457027, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Analysis of mediating effects of sleep quality in the relationship between conflictual parent-child relationship and children's executive function(n=746)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
路径模型1模型2
间接效应值(95%CI)中介效应占比/%间接效应值(95%CI)中介效应占比/%
冲突性亲子关系→睡眠质量→总执行功能0.105(0.049~0.165)11.700.102(0.043~0.167)11.22
冲突性亲子关系→睡眠质量→抑制0.026(0.010~0.043)11.250.025(0.009~0.042)10.65
冲突性亲子关系→睡眠质量→转换0.012(0.003~0.022)8.950.011(0.002~0.022)8.35
冲突性亲子关系→睡眠质量→情绪控制0.017(0.008~0.028)11.400.017(0.008~0.028)11.01
冲突性亲子关系→睡眠质量→工作记忆0.044(0.019~0.071)17.450.029(0.012~0.049)11.74
冲突性亲子关系→睡眠质量→组织计划0.020(0.010~0.031)14.810.019(0.010~0.030)14.36
), ArticleFig(id=1325530049772020598, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530045032457027, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

睡眠质量在冲突性亲子关系和儿童执行功能关联中的中介效应分析(n=746)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
路径模型1模型2
间接效应值(95%CI)中介效应占比/%间接效应值(95%CI)中介效应占比/%
冲突性亲子关系→睡眠质量→总执行功能0.105(0.049~0.165)11.700.102(0.043~0.167)11.22
冲突性亲子关系→睡眠质量→抑制0.026(0.010~0.043)11.250.025(0.009~0.042)10.65
冲突性亲子关系→睡眠质量→转换0.012(0.003~0.022)8.950.011(0.002~0.022)8.35
冲突性亲子关系→睡眠质量→情绪控制0.017(0.008~0.028)11.400.017(0.008~0.028)11.01
冲突性亲子关系→睡眠质量→工作记忆0.044(0.019~0.071)17.450.029(0.012~0.049)11.74
冲突性亲子关系→睡眠质量→组织计划0.020(0.010~0.031)14.810.019(0.010~0.030)14.36
), ArticleFig(id=1325530049834935159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530045032457027, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Analysis of mediating effects of sleep quality in the relationship between dependent parent-child relationship and children's executive function(n=746)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
路径模型1模型2
间接效应值(95%CI)中介效应占比/%间接效应值(95%CI)中介效应占比/%
依赖性亲子关系→睡眠质量→总执行功能0.279(0.158~0.422)20.100.274(0.150~0.425)19.40
依赖性亲子关系→睡眠质量→抑制0.070(0.037~0.110)20.540.068(0.035~0.108)19.73
依赖性亲子关系→睡眠质量→转换0.032(0.015~0.052)15.290.034(0.015~0.057)15.48
依赖性亲子关系→睡眠质量→情绪控制0.047(0.026~0.072)21.690.047(0.026~0.072)20.99
依赖性亲子关系→睡眠质量→工作记忆0.079(0.043~0.121)19.060.077(0.041~0.121)18.58
依赖性亲子关系→睡眠质量→组织计划0.043(0.025~0.065)20.960.048(0.026~0.073)22.93
), ArticleFig(id=1325530049923015544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530045032457027, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

睡眠质量在依赖性亲子关系和儿童执行功能关联间的中介效应分析(n=746)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
路径模型1模型2
间接效应值(95%CI)中介效应占比/%间接效应值(95%CI)中介效应占比/%
依赖性亲子关系→睡眠质量→总执行功能0.279(0.158~0.422)20.100.274(0.150~0.425)19.40
依赖性亲子关系→睡眠质量→抑制0.070(0.037~0.110)20.540.068(0.035~0.108)19.73
依赖性亲子关系→睡眠质量→转换0.032(0.015~0.052)15.290.034(0.015~0.057)15.48
依赖性亲子关系→睡眠质量→情绪控制0.047(0.026~0.072)21.690.047(0.026~0.072)20.99
依赖性亲子关系→睡眠质量→工作记忆0.079(0.043~0.121)19.060.077(0.041~0.121)18.58
依赖性亲子关系→睡眠质量→组织计划0.043(0.025~0.065)20.960.048(0.026~0.073)22.93
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母子关系与学龄前儿童睡眠质量和执行功能的关联
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崔晓晨 1 , 何海燕 1 , 朱敏 1 , 李若瑜 2 , 吴峻 2 , 万宇辉 *, 2
中国学校卫生 | 心理卫生 2025,46(8): 1166-1169
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中国学校卫生 |心理卫生 2025 , 46 (8) : 1166 -1169
母子关系与学龄前儿童睡眠质量和执行功能的关联
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崔晓晨1, 何海燕1, 朱敏1, 李若瑜2, 吴峻2, 万宇辉*, 2
作者信息
  • 1安徽省芜湖市妇幼保健院儿童保健所,241000
  • 2安徽医科大学公共卫生学院
通讯作者:
万宇辉,E-mail:
作者简介:

崔晓晨(1987-),女,安徽芜湖人,硕士,副主任医师,主要研究方向为儿童保健

Association of mother-child relationship with sleep quality and executive function among preschool children
Xiaochen CUI1, Haiyan HE1, Min ZHU1, Ruoyu LI2, Jun WU2, Yuhui WAN*, 2
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Child Healthcare, Wuhu Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Wuhu 241000, Anhui Province, China
出版时间: 2025-08-25 doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025256
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目的

探讨儿童睡眠质量在母子关系与学龄前儿童执行功能关联间的中介作用,为促进学龄前儿童执行功能发展提供参考。

方法

采用分层整群抽样方法,于2021年12月选取安徽省芜湖市12所幼儿园842名儿童为第1次随访对象,之后每半年随访一次,3次随访后最终有746名儿童纳入研究。采用Spearman相关分析母子关系与学龄前儿童睡眠质量及其执行功能的关联;通过自举(bootstrap)程序和PROCESS软件检验睡眠质量在母子关系与学龄前儿童执行功能间的中介效应。

结果

冲突性母子关系与学龄前儿童执行功能总分、抑制、转换、情绪控制、工作记忆和组织计划得分均呈正相关(r值分别为0.40,0.37,0.36,0.41,0.38,0.34),依赖性母子关系与学龄前儿童执行功能总分、抑制、转换、情绪控制、工作记忆功能和组织计划得分均呈正相关(r值分别为0.23,0.20,0.21,0.22,0.22,0.19),睡眠质量与总执行功能得分呈正相关(r=0.27)(P值均 < 0.01)。调整混杂因素后,睡眠质量在依赖性、冲突性母子关系和执行功能关联中起部分中介作用,中介效应分别为19.40%,11.22%。

结论

睡眠质量在母子关系和学龄前儿童执行功能关联中存在中介效应,改善早期睡眠质量可以促进学龄前儿童执行功能的发展。

亲子关系  /  睡眠  /  执行功能  /  精神卫生  /  儿童,学龄前
Objective

To investigate the mediating role of children's sleep quality in the association between mother-child relationship and the executive function of preschool children, providing a reference for promoting the development of the executive function of preschool children.

Methods

A stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 842 preschoolers from 12 kindergartens in Wuhu City, Anhui Province in December 2021 as the subjects of the first follow-up study with follow-up every six months thereafter. Finally, 746 children were included in the study after 3 follow-up. Spearman correlation analysis was used to explore the associations among mother-child relationship, sleep quality and executive function in preschool children. Bootstrap program and PROCESS software were applied to test the mediating effect of sleep quality in the association between mother-child relationship and the executive function of preschool children.

Results

Conflictual mother-child relationship was positively correlated with the total score of executive function, as well as scores of inhibitory, shifting, emotional control, working memory, and organizational planning (r=0.40, 0.37, 0.36, 0.41, 0.38, 0.34, all P < 0.05). Dependent mother-child relationship was positively correlated with the total score of executive function, as well as scores of inhibitory, shifting, emotional control, working memory, and organizational planning (r=0.23, 0.20, 0.21, 0.22, 0.22, 0.19, all P < 0.05). Sleep quality was positively correlated with the total executive function score (r=0.27, P < 0.01). After adjusting for confounding factors, sleep quality played a partial mediating role in the associations between dependent and conflictual mother-child relationships and executive function, the mediating effects were 19.40% and 11.22% respectively.

Conclusions

Sleep quality plays a mediating role in the association between mother-child relationship and the executive function of preschool children. Improving sleep quality in the early stage can promote the executive function of preschool children.

Parent-child relations  /  Sleep  /  Executive function  /  Mental health  /  Child, preschool
崔晓晨, 何海燕, 朱敏, 李若瑜, 吴峻, 万宇辉. 母子关系与学龄前儿童睡眠质量和执行功能的关联. 中国学校卫生, 2025 , 46 (8) : 1166 -1169 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025256
Xiaochen CUI, Haiyan HE, Min ZHU, Ruoyu LI, Jun WU, Yuhui WAN. Association of mother-child relationship with sleep quality and executive function among preschool children[J]. Chinese Journal of School Health, 2025 , 46 (8) : 1166 -1169 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025256
执行功能指一组由大脑前额叶皮层控制的心理过程,用于产生适应性、目标导向的行为,主要包括工作记忆、反应抑制、注意力转移和注意力控制[1],其对个体发展至关重要[2-3]。执行功能在学龄前期快速发展,早期执行功能差异会持续存在并扩大到整个生命周期,对儿童学业、情绪调节、社会生活产生长期影响[4-5]。有研究显示,儿童执行功能会受到家庭环境的影响,其中亲子关系发挥核心作用[6]。Rojo-Wissar等[7]调查发现,良好的亲子关系可以通过创造安全感来促进儿童睡眠健康,而低质量的亲子关系会增加儿童睡眠问题。此外,前期研究表示,学龄前期是神经发育和睡眠习惯发展的敏感期[8],儿童早期低睡眠质量可通过损害前额叶皮层而影响执行功能发展[9]。而睡眠质量可能在学龄前儿童亲子关系与执行功能的关联中存在中介作用。因此,本研究选择安徽省芜湖市12所幼儿园746名学龄前儿童为研究对象,分析睡眠质量在其母子关系与执行功能关联中的中介效应,为儿童执行功能发展探索提供理论支持。
本研究通过分层整群抽样方法,选取安徽省芜湖市3个区,每个区各选取4所城乡幼儿园,共以12所幼儿园3~6岁儿童为研究对象,由儿童母亲填写电子调查问卷。于2021年12月进行第1次随访调查,之后每半年随访一次,共随访3次。根据第1次随访(T1,收集842份有效问卷)、第2次随访(T2,收集805份有效问卷)和第3次随访(T3,收集746份有效问卷)的调查资料,最终纳入有效问卷746份。其中,男童356名(47.7%),女童390名(52.3%);儿童平均年龄为(5.7±0.2)岁。本研究已取得参与调查儿童家长和教师的知情同意,并通过安徽医科大学伦理委员会审查(批号:20210655)。
调查内容包括儿童性别、年龄、是否早产、是否独生子女、父母文化程度(初中及以下、高中或中专、大学专科或本科及以上)、家庭人均月收入(≤6 000,>6 000~10 000,>10 000元)、家庭结构(大家庭、核心家庭、其他家庭)等。
T1时,应用亲子关系量表(Child-Parent Relationship Scale, CPRS)[10]评估母子关系。该问卷由母亲填写,问卷由26个项目组成,分为亲密性,冲突性,依赖性3个子量表。每个项目都以5分制进行评分,从“1=完全没有”到“5=完全没有”,总分范围26~130分,量表的得分越高表明该领域的母子关系越突出。本研究中该问卷的Cronbach α系数为0.84。
T2时,通过儿童睡眠习惯问卷(Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire, CSHQ)[11]评估学龄前儿童的睡眠质量,该问卷由母亲根据过去一个月儿童的睡眠状况填写。由33个项目组成,1~3分表示“很少”至“通常”,得分越高表示儿童睡眠问题越严重。CSHQ的总分范围为33~99分,得分>54分被定义为睡眠质量差。本研究中,CSHQ问卷Cronbach α系数为0.76[11]。
T3时,采用Gioia等[12]编制的学龄前儿童执行功能行为评定问卷(父母版)(Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function for Preschool, BRIEF-P),由儿童母亲填写问卷,评价儿童日常行为是否存在问题,进而评估儿童执行功能状况。该问卷包含抑制、转换、情感控制、工作记忆、组织计划5个因子,共63项条目,各条目均采用1(从不)~3(经常)的3级评分制,计算各因子得分,5个因子得分相加得出总执行功能(global executive composite, GEC)分数,总分范围63~189分。GEC得分越高表明学龄前儿童执行功能异常越严重。该问卷在本研究中内部一致性系数为0.97[12]。
调查前,针对所有现场调查人员以及托幼机构老师开展专项培训,统一工作标准。研究对象以班级为单位,严格遵循知情同意原则,采用线上填写的形式进行电子问卷调查。创建微信群,及时沟通并解决调查中遇到的问题。质控员通过对采集的数据进行质量审核,及时发现异常值、缺失值以及逻辑冲突等潜在问题并予以解决,确保数据的准确性和完整性。
采用SPSS 24.0软件进行统计,通过Spearman相关分析母子关系、学龄前儿童睡眠质量及执行功能的关联;采用SPSS宏程序PROCESS程序(模型4),控制性别、年龄、早产、独生子女、父母文化程度、家庭人均月收入及家庭结构等混杂因素后对数据进行分析,通过Bootstrapping重复抽取5 000次,分析睡眠质量在母子关系和学龄前儿童执行功能关联间的中介效应。自举(Bootstrap)程序在中介效应分析中,95%CI不包含0时,则认为中介效应有统计学意义。双侧检验水准α=0.05。
Spearman相关分析结果显示,冲突性母子关系和依赖性母子关系与学龄前儿童睡眠质量、抑制、情绪控制、转换、工作记忆和组织计划得分及执行功能总分均呈正相关,亲密性母子关系与学龄前儿童执行功能总分、抑制和工作记忆得分均呈负相关(P值均 < 0.05)。见表1。
控制性别、年龄、是否早产、是否独生子女、父母文化程度、家庭人均月收入及家庭结构等混杂因素,睡眠质量在冲突性母子关系与执行功能、抑制、转换、情绪控制、工作记忆和组织计划关联中的中介作用均有统计学意义,中介效应分别占总效应的11.22%,10.65%,8.35%,11.01%,11.74%,14.36%。睡眠质量在依赖性亲子关系与执行功能、抑制、转换、情绪控制、工作记忆和组织计划关联中的中介作用均有统计学意义,中介效应分别占总效应的19.40%,19.73%,15.48%,20.99%,18.58%,22.93%。见表2~3。
本研究发现,冲突性、依赖性亲子关系与学龄前儿童睡眠质量得分、执行功能总分及其各因子得分均呈正相关。前期研究证实,亲子关系质量可以显著影响儿童执行功能发展[13-14]。Matte-Gagné等[15]研究发现,具有更高质量亲子关系的儿童进入幼儿园时与同龄儿童相比,具有相当于2~3年执行功能优势。另外,一项关于亲子关系对学龄前儿童睡眠发展预测作用的研究认为亲子关系通过提供情绪自我调节技能,并充分下调唤醒机制以入睡并保持睡眠[16]。马宁等[17]研究认为,学龄前儿童不良的睡眠特征会增加执行功能损伤的风险。提示母子关系、睡眠质量和执行功能之间存在关联。
中介效应分析结果显示,在调整混杂因素后,睡眠质量在冲突性亲子关系、依赖性亲子关系与执行功能之间存在中介作用。先前的证据表明亲子关系从多方面对儿童执行功能产生影响,在良好亲子关系营造的安全依恋环境下,儿童可以逐渐学习掌握自我控制、实践和执行技能的整合[18]。一项母子依恋关系与学龄前儿童执行功能的前瞻性研究中指出,幼儿时期与母亲建立更安全联系的儿童,进入幼儿园后在执行功能相关的任务中表现得更好[19]。此外,Kamza等[20]研究发现,儿童语言在母子依恋关系与执行功能关联中发挥中介效应。王颖等[21]在研究学龄前留守儿童亲子依恋关系与执行功能的关系中发现,祖孙依恋在亲子依恋和学龄前儿童执行功能子成分抑制控制的影响之间存在中介效应。上述研究表明,亲子关系可能通过某种中间因素影响儿童执行功能。良好亲子关系是儿童睡眠健康的驱动因素,长期暴露于亲子冲突下可能会导致睡眠障碍[22]。Merín等[23]通过客观测量的方法研究指出,睡眠效率较高的学龄前儿童在执行功能任务中表现出更好的结果。提示暴露于不良亲子关系的儿童发生睡眠问题的概率更高,并进一步对学龄前儿童执行功能发展造成不良影响。
本研究仍有不足:(1)仅调查了芜湖市12所托幼机构儿童,样本量有限,结论外推受到限制;(2)由学龄前儿童母亲填写电子调查问卷,难以避免回忆偏倚及信息偏倚;(3)研究重点调查了家庭因素中母子关系对儿童的影响,未纳入教养方式、养育压力等可能影响学龄前儿童执行功能的因素。未来需进行大样本多次随访调查,深入探讨其他家庭环境因素对儿童的影响。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(82273652);安徽省自然科学基金优青项目(2208085Y23)
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2025年第46卷第8期
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doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025256
  • 接收时间:2025-02-20
  • 首发时间:2026-11-06
  • 出版时间:2025-08-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-20
  • 修回日期:2025-04-11
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国家自然科学基金项目(82273652);安徽省自然科学基金优青项目(2208085Y23)
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    1安徽省芜湖市妇幼保健院儿童保健所,241000
    2安徽医科大学公共卫生学院

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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