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Article(id=1325530041152721297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, issueId=1325529948685091532, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025255, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1748188800000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-26, revisedDate=1753891200000, revisedDateStr=2025-07-31, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793960588968, onlineDateStr=2026-11-06, pubDate=1756051200000, pubDateStr=2025-08-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793960588968, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793960588968, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793960588968, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1325529948685091532, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, year='2025', volume='46', issue='8', pageStart='1065', pageEnd='1216', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1756051200000', pubDateStr='2025-08-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793960566921, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793960566921, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1111, endPage=1115, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1325530042838831506, articleId=1325530041152721297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=EN, title=Association of family economic status and parent-child relationship with depressive symptoms in adolescents, columnId=1259565855189418448, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of School Health, columnName=Mental Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyse the influence path of family economic status on adolescent depressive symptoms, and to explore the chained mediation role of peer relationship and self-satisfaction, as well as the moderating effect of the parent-child relationship, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of adolescent depressive symptoms.

Methods

Data were obtained from the Database of Youth Health (DYH) in the National Population Health Science Data Center, and a total of 11 277 samples were included. Questionnaires were used to obtain information on family economic status, peer relationship, self-satisfaction, parent-child relationship and depressive symptoms. Spearman correlation analysis was used to examine correlations among variables. Hierarchical linear regression analysis was used to analyze effects of family economic status and parent-child relationship on depressive symptom scores. The Process macro program was adopted to test the chained mediating effects of peer relationship and self-satisfaction and the moderating effect of parent-child relationship.

Results

The prevalence rate of depressive symptoms among adolescents was 24.2%. The prevalence rates of depressive symptoms significantly differed among adolescents with different family economic status and places of residence(χ2=210.12, 4.18, both P < 0.05). Adolescents with depressive symptoms had significantly lower scores on peer relationship, self-satisfaction, and parent-child relationship compared to those without depressive symptoms (t=27.76, 42.43, 31.12, all P < 0.05). Family economic status were negatively correlated with adolescent depressive symptom scores (B=-0.12, P < 0.05).Parent-child relationship was negatively correlated with depressive symptom scores (B=-0.02, P < 0.05). After introducing the parent-child relationship, the negative effect of family economic conditions was reduced (B=-0.08, P < 0.01). Family economic conditions affected depressive symptoms through the chained mediating pathway involving peer relationship (B=2.07) and self-satisfaction (B=3.88)(both P < 0.05). The parent-child relationship moderated this pathway: under conditions of high-quality parent-child relationship, the effect of family economic status on peer relationships was weaker (B=0.15); under low-quality parent-child relationship, the positive effect of family economic status on peer relationships was enhanced (B=1.15) (both P < 0.01).

Conclusions

Family economic status exert both direct and chain-mediating effects on adolescent depression, and high-quality parent-child relationship can play a protective moderation role. For economically disadvantaged families, it is critical to synergistically enhance parent-child relationship and social support in order to reduce depression risk among adolescents.

, authors=Xiaoting LIAO, Jiongli HUANG, Zengli ZOU, Zhongyou LI*, Hai LI*, authorsList=Xiaoting LIAO, Jiongli HUANG, Zengli ZOU, Zhongyou LI, Hai LI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Zhongyou LI, Hai LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Chinese Journal of School Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1325530043497337235, articleId=1325530041152721297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=CN, title=家庭经济条件和亲子关系与青少年抑郁症状的关系, columnId=1259565858817491410, journalTitle=中国学校卫生, columnName=心理卫生, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

分析家庭经济条件与青少年抑郁症状的关系，探讨同伴关系与自我满意度的链式中介作用及亲子关系的调节效应，为青少年抑郁症状防控提供参考依据。

方法

数据来源于“国家人口健康科学数据中心”中的青少年健康主题数据库，共纳入11 277个样本，采用问卷调查法获取家庭经济条件、同伴关系、自我满意度及亲子关系和抑郁症状等信息。使用Spearman相关分析各变量间相关性，采用分层线性回归分析家庭经济条件和亲子关系对抑郁症状得分的影响，采用Process宏程序检验同伴关系和自我满意度在两者间的链式中介效应和亲子关系的调节效应。

结果

青少年抑郁症状检出率为24.2%。不同家庭经济条件和居住地的青少年抑郁症状检出率差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为210.12，4.18，P值均＜0.05)；有抑郁症状的青少年同伴关系、自我满意度及亲子关系得分均低于无抑郁症状青少年(t值分别为27.76，42.43，31.12，P值均＜0.05)。家庭经济条件与青少年抑郁症状得分呈负相关(B=-0.12)，亲子关系与抑郁症状得分呈负相关(B=-0.02)，引入亲子关系后家庭经济条件负向效应削减(B=-0.08)(P值均＜0.01)。家庭经济条件通过同伴关系(B=2.07)和自我满意度(B=3.88)的链式中介路径对抑郁症状产生影响；亲子关系调节此路径，高质量亲子关系时家庭经济条件对同伴关系的影响较弱(B=0.15)，低质量亲子关系增强家庭经济条件对同伴关系的正向效应(B=1.15)(P值均＜0.01)。

结论

家庭经济条件对青少年抑郁症状存在直接效应和链式中介效应，高质量亲子关系可起到保护性调节作用。对经济困难家庭更需通过协同提升亲子关系以降低青少年的抑郁症状风险。

, authors=廖晓婷, 黄炯丽, 邹增丽, 李忠友*, 李海*, authorsList=廖晓婷, 黄炯丽, 邹增丽, 李忠友, 李海, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=李忠友, 李海, authorNote=

廖晓婷(2002-)，女，广西南宁人，在读本科

, correspAuthorsNote=
李忠友，E-mail：
李海，E-mail：
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廖晓婷(2002-)，女，广西南宁人，在读本科

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廖晓婷(2002-)，女，广西南宁人，在读本科

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(2025-04-28)[2025-05-17]. https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/zZcxqBcvzRssDQDKZcPz4A., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1325530047897162176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530041152721297, awardId=null, language=CN, fundingSource=广西中医药大学高层次公共卫生人才培育创新团队资助项目(2022A009)；广西中医药大学桂派杏林拔尖人才项目(2022C010)；广西中医药大学校级教育教学改革与研究项目(2023B033，2024C020), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1325530043719635348, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530041152721297, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325530043728023957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530041152721297, companyId=1325530043719635348, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Public Health and Management, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325530043736412566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530041152721297, companyId=1325530043719635348, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=广西中医药大学公共卫生与管理学院，南宁 530200)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1325530047230267832, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530041152721297, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Comparison of depression symptom detection rates in adolescents with different demographic characteristics

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
人口学指标选项人数抑郁症状人数χ2值P值
家庭经济条件差386173(44.8)210.12＜0.01
较差1 489497(33.4)
一般8 5291 835(21.5)
较好685153(22.3)
好18870(37.2)
性别男5 4201 275(23.5)2.530.11
女5 8571 453(24.8)
居住地城镇7 5801 790(23.6)4.180.04
农村3 697938(25.4)
民族汉族11 0862 617(24.1)3.390.07
其他民族19157(29.8)
是否寄宿是8 3332 048(24.6)2.600.11
否2 944680(23.1)
), ArticleFig(id=1325530047318348217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530041152721297, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同人口学特征青少年抑郁症状检出率比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
人口学指标选项人数抑郁症状人数χ2值P值
家庭经济条件差386173(44.8)210.12＜0.01
较差1 489497(33.4)
一般8 5291 835(21.5)
较好685153(22.3)
好18870(37.2)
性别男5 4201 275(23.5)2.530.11
女5 8571 453(24.8)
居住地城镇7 5801 790(23.6)4.180.04
农村3 697938(25.4)
民族汉族11 0862 617(24.1)3.390.07
其他民族19157(29.8)
是否寄宿是8 3332 048(24.6)2.600.11
否2 944680(23.1)
), ArticleFig(id=1325530047410622906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530041152721297, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Correlations among family economic status, depressive symptoms and quality of life in adolescents(r, n=11 277)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量家庭经济条件抑郁症状同伴关系自我满意度
抑郁症状-0.12
同伴关系0.09-0.30
自我满意度0.16-0.490.58
亲子关系0.09-0.320.530.52
), ArticleFig(id=1325530047486120379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530041152721297, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

青少年家庭经济条件、抑郁症状与生活质量相关分析(r值，n=112 77)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量家庭经济条件抑郁症状同伴关系自我满意度
抑郁症状-0.12
同伴关系0.09-0.30
自我满意度0.16-0.490.58
亲子关系0.09-0.320.530.52
), ArticleFig(id=1325530047549034940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530041152721297, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Mediating effects of peer relationship and self-satisfaction between family economy status and depressive symptoms in adolescents(n=11 277)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
路径效应值(95%CI)标准误占总效应比值/%
家庭经济条件→抑郁症状-0.04(-0.06~-0.02)0.010.29
家庭经济条件→同伴关系→抑郁症状-0.01(-0.01~-0.00)0.004.51
家庭经济条件→自我满意度→抑郁症状-0.05(-0.06~-0.04)0.0037.07
家庭经济条件→同伴关系→自我满意度→抑郁症状-0.04(-0.05~-0.03)0.0129.82
总间接效应-0.09(-0.10~-0.08)0.0171.39
总效应-0.12(-0.15~-0.10)0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1325530047628726717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530041152721297, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

青少年同伴关系和自我满意度在家庭经济条件对抑郁症状影响中的中介效应(n=11 277)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
路径效应值(95%CI)标准误占总效应比值/%
家庭经济条件→抑郁症状-0.04(-0.06~-0.02)0.010.29
家庭经济条件→同伴关系→抑郁症状-0.01(-0.01~-0.00)0.004.51
家庭经济条件→自我满意度→抑郁症状-0.05(-0.06~-0.04)0.0037.07
家庭经济条件→同伴关系→自我满意度→抑郁症状-0.04(-0.05~-0.03)0.0129.82
总间接效应-0.09(-0.10~-0.08)0.0171.39
总效应-0.12(-0.15~-0.10)0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1325530047704224190, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530041152721297, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Moderating effects of parent-child relationship and family economic status on peer relationships(n=11 277)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
预测变量同伴关系自我满意度抑郁症状
B值标准误t值B值标准误t值B值标准误t值
性别-2.250.17-13.63**-2.110.37-5.76**0.040.013.23**
年龄1.030.0311.85**-1.240.20-6.29**0.010.011.62
居住地2.140.1811.63**-5.370.42-12.88**0.010.010.84
是否寄宿1.010.195.19**-5.570.44-1.290.020.011.17
家庭经济条件0.740.145.37**3.880.3012.85**-0.040.01-3.60**
同伴关系1.510.0285.54**-0.000.00-3.66**
自我满意度-0.010.00-38.79**
亲子关系0.600.0170.93**
家庭经济条件×亲子关系-0.050.01-4.75**
R2值0.350.420.21
F值847.39**1 339.47**429.74**
), ArticleFig(id=1325530047771333055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530041152721297, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

青少年亲子关系在家庭经济条件和同伴关系间的调节作用(n=11 277)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
预测变量同伴关系自我满意度抑郁症状
B值标准误t值B值标准误t值B值标准误t值
性别-2.250.17-13.63**-2.110.37-5.76**0.040.013.23**
年龄1.030.0311.85**-1.240.20-6.29**0.010.011.62
居住地2.140.1811.63**-5.370.42-12.88**0.010.010.84
是否寄宿1.010.195.19**-5.570.44-1.290.020.011.17
家庭经济条件0.740.145.37**3.880.3012.85**-0.040.01-3.60**
同伴关系1.510.0285.54**-0.000.00-3.66**
自我满意度-0.010.00-38.79**
亲子关系0.600.0170.93**
家庭经济条件×亲子关系-0.050.01-4.75**
R2值0.350.420.21
F值847.39**1 339.47**429.74**
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家庭经济条件和亲子关系与青少年抑郁症状的关系
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廖晓婷 , 黄炯丽 , 邹增丽 , 李忠友 * , 李海 *
中国学校卫生 | 心理卫生 2025,46(8): 1111-1115
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中国学校卫生 |心理卫生 2025 , 46 (8) : 1111 -1115
家庭经济条件和亲子关系与青少年抑郁症状的关系
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廖晓婷(2002-)，女，广西南宁人，在读本科

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廖晓婷(2002-)，女，广西南宁人，在读本科

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廖晓婷, 黄炯丽, 邹增丽, 李忠友* , 李海*
作者信息
  • 广西中医药大学公共卫生与管理学院，南宁 530200
通讯作者:
李忠友，E-mail：
李海，E-mail：
作者简介:

廖晓婷(2002-)，女，广西南宁人，在读本科

Association of family economic status and parent-child relationship with depressive symptoms in adolescents
Xiaoting LIAO, Jiongli HUANG, Zengli ZOU, Zhongyou LI* , Hai LI*
Affiliations
  • School of Public Health and Management, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
出版时间: 2025-08-25 doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025255
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摘要
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目的

分析家庭经济条件与青少年抑郁症状的关系，探讨同伴关系与自我满意度的链式中介作用及亲子关系的调节效应，为青少年抑郁症状防控提供参考依据。

方法

数据来源于“国家人口健康科学数据中心”中的青少年健康主题数据库，共纳入11 277个样本，采用问卷调查法获取家庭经济条件、同伴关系、自我满意度及亲子关系和抑郁症状等信息。使用Spearman相关分析各变量间相关性，采用分层线性回归分析家庭经济条件和亲子关系对抑郁症状得分的影响，采用Process宏程序检验同伴关系和自我满意度在两者间的链式中介效应和亲子关系的调节效应。

结果

青少年抑郁症状检出率为24.2%。不同家庭经济条件和居住地的青少年抑郁症状检出率差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为210.12，4.18，P值均＜0.05)；有抑郁症状的青少年同伴关系、自我满意度及亲子关系得分均低于无抑郁症状青少年(t值分别为27.76，42.43，31.12，P值均＜0.05)。家庭经济条件与青少年抑郁症状得分呈负相关(B=-0.12)，亲子关系与抑郁症状得分呈负相关(B=-0.02)，引入亲子关系后家庭经济条件负向效应削减(B=-0.08)(P值均＜0.01)。家庭经济条件通过同伴关系(B=2.07)和自我满意度(B=3.88)的链式中介路径对抑郁症状产生影响；亲子关系调节此路径，高质量亲子关系时家庭经济条件对同伴关系的影响较弱(B=0.15)，低质量亲子关系增强家庭经济条件对同伴关系的正向效应(B=1.15)(P值均＜0.01)。

结论

家庭经济条件对青少年抑郁症状存在直接效应和链式中介效应，高质量亲子关系可起到保护性调节作用。对经济困难家庭更需通过协同提升亲子关系以降低青少年的抑郁症状风险。

亲子关系  /  经济状况  /  回归分析  /  青少年
Objective

To analyse the influence path of family economic status on adolescent depressive symptoms, and to explore the chained mediation role of peer relationship and self-satisfaction, as well as the moderating effect of the parent-child relationship, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of adolescent depressive symptoms.

Methods

Data were obtained from the Database of Youth Health (DYH) in the National Population Health Science Data Center, and a total of 11 277 samples were included. Questionnaires were used to obtain information on family economic status, peer relationship, self-satisfaction, parent-child relationship and depressive symptoms. Spearman correlation analysis was used to examine correlations among variables. Hierarchical linear regression analysis was used to analyze effects of family economic status and parent-child relationship on depressive symptom scores. The Process macro program was adopted to test the chained mediating effects of peer relationship and self-satisfaction and the moderating effect of parent-child relationship.

Results

The prevalence rate of depressive symptoms among adolescents was 24.2%. The prevalence rates of depressive symptoms significantly differed among adolescents with different family economic status and places of residence(χ2=210.12, 4.18, both P < 0.05). Adolescents with depressive symptoms had significantly lower scores on peer relationship, self-satisfaction, and parent-child relationship compared to those without depressive symptoms (t=27.76, 42.43, 31.12, all P < 0.05). Family economic status were negatively correlated with adolescent depressive symptom scores (B=-0.12, P < 0.05).Parent-child relationship was negatively correlated with depressive symptom scores (B=-0.02, P < 0.05). After introducing the parent-child relationship, the negative effect of family economic conditions was reduced (B=-0.08, P < 0.01). Family economic conditions affected depressive symptoms through the chained mediating pathway involving peer relationship (B=2.07) and self-satisfaction (B=3.88)(both P < 0.05). The parent-child relationship moderated this pathway: under conditions of high-quality parent-child relationship, the effect of family economic status on peer relationships was weaker (B=0.15); under low-quality parent-child relationship, the positive effect of family economic status on peer relationships was enhanced (B=1.15) (both P < 0.01).

Conclusions

Family economic status exert both direct and chain-mediating effects on adolescent depression, and high-quality parent-child relationship can play a protective moderation role. For economically disadvantaged families, it is critical to synergistically enhance parent-child relationship and social support in order to reduce depression risk among adolescents.

Parent-child relations  /  Economic status  /  Regression analysis  /  Adolescent
廖晓婷, 黄炯丽, 邹增丽, 李忠友, 李海. 家庭经济条件和亲子关系与青少年抑郁症状的关系. 中国学校卫生, 2025 , 46 (8) : 1111 -1115 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025255
Xiaoting LIAO, Jiongli HUANG, Zengli ZOU, Zhongyou LI, Hai LI. Association of family economic status and parent-child relationship with depressive symptoms in adolescents[J]. Chinese Journal of School Health, 2025 , 46 (8) : 1111 -1115 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025255
正文
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据报道，全球人口中约3.8%(约2.8亿)受抑郁症困扰，且呈现年轻化趋势[1]。《2022年国民抑郁症蓝皮书》显示[2]，我国50%的抑郁症患者为在校学生，其中18岁以下占总抑郁症人数的30%。与抑郁症相比，抑郁症状的检出率通常更高[3]，研究证实，若青少年时期出现抑郁症状，其后续发展为抑郁症的风险高达67%[4]。随着2021年教育部“将抑郁症筛查纳入学生健康体检”政策[5]及《全面加强和改进新时代学生心理健康工作专项行动计划(2023—2025年)》[6]的推进，青少年抑郁防治已被列为国家公共卫生优先事项。
青少年抑郁症状的发生与发展是多因素作用的结果，包括家庭层面和个体层面。家庭层面，经济压力可通过父母参与不足、亲子沟通质量下降等路径加剧青少年抑郁风险[7]，同伴关系作为青少年重要的社会联结，其通过社会支持感知、归属感获得等机制影响情绪健康[8]；个体层面，自尊[9]、自我效能感[10]等心理构念通过调节认知评价过程缓冲抑郁风险。然而，现有研究存在局限：(1)多聚焦单一因素[11]或部分变量的简单交互[12-13]，对“家庭环境-个体认知-社会支持”多路径的链式中介机制探索不足；(2)对自我认知的考察多限于自尊、自我效能等单一心理构念，缺乏对更具综合性的自我满意度[14]的探讨。为此，本研究整合家庭、人际、心理状态多维度变量，探讨青少年抑郁症状防控的关键路径，为青少年抑郁症状防控提供参考依据。
1　对象与方法
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1.1　对象
研究数据来源于国家人口健康科学数据中心(Population Health Data Archive，PHDA)，获批“青少年健康主题数据库”(Database of Youth Health，DYH)[15]使用权限并通过远程分析平台进行数据分析。该调查采用概率比例规模抽样(probability-proportional-to-size sampling, PPS)的抽样方法，对山东省17座城市186所学校12~18岁青少年(2015—2021年)开展问卷调查和体质测试，涵盖生理、心理健康指标及健康相关行为数据。剔除缺失值和异常值后，最终11 277名具有完整研究数据的15~18岁青少年纳入研究。其中男生占比48.1%(5 420名)，以居住地在“城镇”(7 580名，67.2%)、家庭经济条件中等水平(8 529名，75.6%)、寄宿生(8 333名，73.9%)占比较大。该调查由山东大学研究团队组织开展，项目经过山东大学伦理委员会审批(批号：20180517)，参与者在调查前均签署知情同意书。
1.2　方法
本研究家庭经济条件测量来源于DYH中的家庭情况数据，采用5级评分(1=“差”至5=“好”)，得分越高表示家庭越富裕。性别(1=男性，2=女性)、居住地(1=城镇，2=农村)、民族(1=汉族，2=其他民族)及是否寄宿(1=是，2=否)来源于个人情况数据。同伴关系、自我满意度及亲子关系的测量通过儿童青少年生活质量量表(Quality of Life Scale for Children and Adolescents, QLSCA)[16]获得，该量表由华中科技大学儿少卫生教研室研发，覆盖7~18岁青少年群体，共有13个维度，分别组成社会心理功能、生理心理健康、生活环境及生活质量满意度4个核心因子。本研究从中选取了3个维度：“同伴关系”(5个条目，原始初分范围5~20)、“自我满意度”(6个条目，原始初分范围6~24)及“亲子关系”(4个条目，原始初分范围4~16)。量表条目采用4级评分(1=“从不这样”至4=“总是这样”)，部分题目反向计分，各维度计算原始初分后，依据全国常模将其转换标准分进行后续分析。各维度标准分越高表明生活质量越好。量表的Cronbach α系数为0.89，各维度重测信度为0.55~0.77，信、效度良好。抑郁症状采用90项症状自评量表(Symptom Checklist-90，SCL-90)进行评定，该量表共有90个条目，包含10个因子，采用5级评分(1=“没有”至5=“严重”)，其中有13个条目用于抑郁因子的测量。参照量表使用手册及我国中学生常模研究[17]，以抑郁因子得分≥2分作为存在抑郁症状的判定标准。该量表中的抑郁因子在中学生群体中的Cronbach α系数为0.82，重测信度为0.90[18]，具有良好的信、效度。
1.3　质量控制
数据采集由经统一培训考核的体育教师按标准流程执行，采用电子与纸质问卷相结合方式。数据处理阶段，使用Python对数据进行匿名化脱敏、缺失值标记及逻辑一致性校验，有效保障了规范性与可靠性。
1.4　统计学分析
运用SPSS 26.0软件进行统计学分析，服从正态分布的计量资料以(x±s)描述，用t检验或方差分析进行组间比较；计数资料采用频数和率描述，组间比较采用χ2检验。使用Spearman秩相关分析探究家庭经济条件、同伴关系、自我满意度、抑郁症状及亲子关系间的相关性，采用分层线性回归分析探究亲子关系和家庭经济条件对青少年抑郁症状的影响。通过SPSS宏程序Process构建链式中介模型，并验证亲子关系是否在中介路径中发挥调节作用。中介效应的显著性通过Bootstrap法(重复抽样5 000次)进行验证，以P＜0.05为有统计学意义。
2　结果
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2.1　青少年抑郁症状检出特征
研究对象总体抑郁症状检出率为24.2%(2 728名)。不同家庭经济条件、居住地的青少年抑郁症状检出率差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05)，见表1。有抑郁症状青少年的同伴关系、自我满意度及亲子关系得分(52.77±11.43，106.56±25.19，36.77±10.17)均低于无抑郁症状青少年(59.52±9.80，128.59±23.10，43.29±9.32)(t值分别为27.76，42.43，31.12，P值均＜0.01)。
2.2　家庭经济条件和亲子关系与青少年抑郁症状的相关性分析
Spearman相关分析显示，青少年家庭经济条件、同伴关系、自我满意度、亲子关系两两间均呈正相关，与抑郁症状得分之间均呈负相关(P值均＜0.01)。见表3。
2.3　家庭经济条件及亲子关系与青少年抑郁症状得分的线性回归分析
线性回归分析模型1纳入了性别、年龄、居住地、是否寄宿、家庭经济条件变量，结果显示，女性青少年的抑郁症状得分更高(B=0.07, 95%CI=0.04~0.09)；家庭经济条件越好，抑郁症状得分越低(B=-0.12, 95%CI=-0.15~-0.10)(P值均＜0.01)。模型2在模型1基础上纳入了亲子关系变量，结果显示，亲子关系得分越高(B=-0.02, 95%CI=-0.03~-0.02)、家庭经济条件越好(B=-0.08, 95%CI=-0.10~-0.06)，青少年抑郁症状得分越低；居住在城镇的青少年抑郁症状得分高于农村青少年(B=0.03, 95%CI=0.01~0.06)；女性青少年的抑郁症状得分更高(B=0.15, 95%CI=0.13~0.18)；年龄越大，抑郁症状得分越高(B=0.02, 95%CI=0.00~0.03)(P值均＜0.05)。
2.4　同伴关系和自我满意度在家庭经济条件对抑郁症状影响中的链式中介效应
家庭经济条件对同伴关系(B=2.067，95%CI=1.753~2.379)和自我满意度(B=3.875，95%CI=3.284~4.466)具有正向预测作用，对抑郁症状得分(B=-0.036, 95%CI=-0.055~-0.016)具有负向预测作用；同伴关系正向预测自我满意度(B=1.510，95%CI=1.475~1.544)，负向预测抑郁症状得分(B=-0.003，95%CI=-0.004~-0.001)；自我满意度对抑郁症状得分(B=-0.012，95%CI=-0.013~-0.011)具有负向预测作用(P值均＜0.05)。家庭经济条件对抑郁症状的影响存在3条中介路径：同伴关系的独立中介(B=-0.01，占比4.51%)、自我满意度的独立中介(B=-0.05，占比37.07%)以及“同伴关系→自我满意度”的链式中介(效应值=-0.04，占比29.82%)。3条路径的总间接效应占比为71.39%，每条路径的95%CI均不包含零，均有统计学意义。见表3。
2.5　亲子关系在家庭经济条件和同伴关系间的调节作用
家庭经济条件与亲子关系的交互项有统计学意义(B=-0.05，P＜0.01)，即亲子关系削弱了家庭经济条件对同伴关系的正向影响，见表4。在低亲子关系水平(x-s)，家庭经济条件对同伴关系的效应更强(B=1.15)；在高亲子关系水平(x+s)，家庭经济条件的作用减弱(B=0.15)(P值均＜0.01)。
3　讨论
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本研究青少年抑郁症状检出率为24.2%，低于全球2011—2020年的时点患病率(37.0%)[19]，略高于冯月等[20]Meta分析报告的2015—2024年我国儿童青少年抑郁症状患病率(23.3%)，其差异可能缘于研究对象处于升学高压环境及抑郁症状评估量表的异质性。
本研究发现家庭经济条件、抑郁症状、同伴关系、自我满意度及亲子关系两两间存在关联，与既往研究[21-22]结论一致。分层线性回归分析结果表明，经济条件较差的青少年抑郁症状检出风险更高。过低的家庭经济条件可能导致资源分配不足、经济压力带来的心理负担或与他人比较感到自卑等[21]，从而增加抑郁症状的风险。引入亲子关系后，家庭经济条件的效应下降，表明亲子关系削弱了家庭经济条件对抑郁症状的负面影响，与Yang等[23]的研究结论相吻合。此外，居住地效应在引入亲子关系后有统计学意义，表明亲子关系可能调节城乡差异对青少年抑郁症状的影响，与Zeng等[24]的研究发现相吻合，提示良好的亲子关系一定程度上可以降低城乡差异造成的抑郁风险。
本研究显示，家庭经济条件可通过同伴关系、自我满意度的链式中介作用影响青少年抑郁症状。研究表明，低家庭经济水平通过限制青少年获取物质资源与社会参与机会，降低其社交优势导致同伴关系质量低下[25]。低质量的同伴关系又进一步通过负面社会反馈使得自尊受损或自我效能感下降[10]，进而降低自我满意度，最终形成增加抑郁症状风险的链式传导路径。此外，自我满意度在家庭经济条件和青少年抑郁症状中的独立中介作用有统计学意义，经济困难家庭的青少年可能因生活条件拮据产生自卑心理[21]，降低自我满意度，增加了抑郁症状风险。
调节效应检验表明，高质量亲子关系可减缓家庭经济条件对同伴关系的正向作用，从而削弱后续路径中抑郁症状发生的风险。《2024年我国欠发达地区农村学生心理健康报告》指出，父母均外出的学生抑郁高风险率达10.4%，高于父母在家的学生，且当亲子沟通缺失时，抑郁风险骤增7倍[26]。依据家庭系统理论，亲子关系能够调节外部压力对个体心理造成的渗透性损害[24]，亲子关系良好时，即使面临经济压力，父母的情感支持与积极沟通仍能够维护青少年的同伴关系质量[12]，通过阻断链式中介路径中的上游传导环节，削弱后续传导路径对青少年抑郁症状的负面影响。
本研究存在一定的局限性：研究为横断面设计，难以论证因果关联；样本仅为山东省青少年群体，代表性存在一定局限，结论推广受限。
基金
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  • 广西中医药大学高层次公共卫生人才培育创新团队资助项目(2022A009)；广西中医药大学桂派杏林拔尖人才项目(2022C010)；广西中医药大学校级教育教学改革与研究项目(2023B033，2024C020)
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2025年第46卷第8期
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doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025255
  • 接收时间：2025-05-26
  • 首发时间：2026-11-06
  • 出版时间：2025-08-25
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  • 收稿日期：2025-05-26
  • 修回日期：2025-07-31
基金
广西中医药大学高层次公共卫生人才培育创新团队资助项目(2022A009)；广西中医药大学桂派杏林拔尖人才项目(2022C010)；广西中医药大学校级教育教学改革与研究项目(2023B033，2024C020)
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    广西中医药大学公共卫生与管理学院，南宁 530200

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