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Article(id=1325530214293586532, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, issueId=1325530078536553117, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025241, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1737648000000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-24, revisedDate=1747238400000, revisedDateStr=2025-05-15, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793960630248, onlineDateStr=2026-11-06, pubDate=1758729600000, pubDateStr=2025-09-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793960630248, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793960630247, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793960630247, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1325530078536553117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, year='2025', volume='46', issue='9', pageStart='1217', pageEnd='1368', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1758729600000', pubDateStr='2025-09-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793960597879, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793960597879, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1303, endPage=1306, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1325530214511690341, articleId=1325530214293586532, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=EN, title=Correlation of physical activity and screen time with anxiety and depressive symptoms among college students, columnId=1259565855189418448, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of School Health, columnName=Mental Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyze the correlation of physical activity and screen time with anxiety and depressive symptoms among college students, so as to provide a reference for formulating intervention measures for anxiety and depressive symptoms among college students.

Methods

In May 2024, the method of combining convenient sampling with stratified sampling was adopted to select 3 076 college students from 5 colleges in Shaoxing of Zhejiang Province. Self-compiled general situation questionnaires, Screen Time Questionnaire, Self-rating Anxiety Scale and Self-rating Depression Scale were used to investigate the current status of college students' physical activities, screen time, anxiety and depressive symptoms, etc. Inter-group comparisons were conducted by using the χ2 test, Fisher's exact probability test, t-test or analysis of variance. A multivariate Logistic regression model was established to explore the correlations between physical activity, screen time with anxiety and depressive symptoms among college students.

Results

The constituent ratios of mild, moderate and severe anxiety symptoms were 59.97%, 28.99% and 11.04%, respectively. The constituent ratios of mild, moderate and severe depressive symptoms were 64.96%, 29.92% and 5.12%, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in the detection rates of anxiety symptom (χ2=15.99) and depressive symptom (χ2=16.54) among college students of different grades and screen time daily (both P < 0.05). There were statistically significant differences in physical activity among college students of different genders and subject types (t/F=11.67, 11.90, both P < 0.01). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that when physical activity was at least 1 hour per week < 3 d, a screen time < 2 h/d could reduce the risk of anxiety symptoms among college students (OR=0.57), and screen time < 2, 2- < 3, 3- < 4 h/d could reduce the risk of depressive symptoms among college students (OR=0.65, 0.56, 0.64); when the number of days of physical activity exercise was at least 1 h per week ≥3 d, the occurrence risks of anxiety symptom(OR=0.49, 0.58) and depressive symptom (OR=0.36, 0.43) were reduced for students with screen time < 2 and 2- < 3 h/d (all P < 0.05).

Conclusions

There are correlations of physical activity and screen time with anxiety and depressive symptoms among college students. Low physical activity and longer screen time are more likely to increase the risk of anxiety and depressive symptom among college students.

, authors=Ziyu WANG1, Long ZHOU*, 2, authorsList=Ziyu WANG, Long ZHOU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Long ZHOU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Chinese Journal of School Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1325530214884983398, articleId=1325530214293586532, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=CN, title=大学生体力活动和视屏时间与焦虑抑郁症状的相关性, columnId=1259565858817491410, journalTitle=中国学校卫生, columnName=心理卫生, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

分析大学生体力活动、视屏时间与焦虑和抑郁症状的相关性，为制定针对大学生焦虑和抑郁症状的干预措施提供参考。

方法

2024年5月，采用方便抽样与分层抽样相结合的方法选取浙江省绍兴市5所高校3 076名大学生，采用自编一般情况问卷、视屏时间问卷、焦虑自评量表和抑郁自评量表调查大学生体力活动、视屏时间及焦虑和抑郁症状等现状。组间比较采用χ2检验、Fisher确切概率法、t检验或方差分析，并建立多因素Logistic回归模型，探究大学生体力活动、视屏时间与焦虑和抑郁症状的相关性。

结果

大学生轻度、中度及重度焦虑症状的构成比分别为59.97%，28.99%及11.04%；轻度、中度及重度抑郁症状的构成比分别为64.96%，29.92%及5.12%。不同年级、每天视屏时间不同的大学生焦虑症状(χ2=15.99)和抑郁症状(χ2=16.54)检出率差异均有统计学意义(P值均 < 0.05)。不同性别和学科类型的大学生在体力活动方面差异均有统计学意义(t/F值分别为11.67，11.90，P值均＜0.01)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示，当体力活动每周运动至少1 h天数＜3 d时，视屏时间＜2 h/d的大学生焦虑症状发生风险降低(OR=0.57)，视屏时间 < 2，2~ < 3，3~ < 4 h/d的大学生抑郁症状发生风险降低(OR值分别为0.65，0.56，0.64)；当体力活动每周运动至少1 h天数≥3 d时，视屏时间 < 2，2~ < 3 h/d的大学生焦虑症状(OR值分别为0.49，0.58)和抑郁症状(OR值分别为0.36，0.43)的发生风险均降低(P值均＜0.05)。

结论

大学生体力活动、视屏时间与焦虑和抑郁症状存在相关性，过低的体力活动、较长的视屏时间容易增加大学生焦虑和抑郁症状的发生风险。

, authors=王梓宇1, 周龙*, 2, authorsList=王梓宇, 周龙, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=周龙, authorNote=

王梓宇(1990-)，男，安徽蚌埠人，博士，讲师，主要研究方向为学生体质健康与体育史

, correspAuthorsNote=
周龙，E-mail:
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Psychosom Med, 2007, 69(7): 587-596., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1325530218953458314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530214293586532, awardId=null, language=CN, fundingSource=广西教育科学“十四五”规划2024年度体育与健康教育专项课题重点课题(2024ZJY882)；2025广西高校中青年教师基础能力提升项目(2025KY0967), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1325530216650785383, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530214293586532, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325530216663368296, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530214293586532, companyId=1325530216650785383, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Teacher Education, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, Zhejiang Province, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325530216675951209, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530214293586532, companyId=1325530216650785383, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1绍兴文理学院教师教育学院，浙江 312000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1325530216747254378, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530214293586532, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325530216755642987, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530214293586532, companyId=1325530216747254378, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2广西职业师范学院体育教学部)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1325530218240426626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530214293586532, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Comparison of detection rates of anxiety and depressive symptoms among different groups of college students

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别选项人数焦虑症状抑郁症状
检出人数χ2值检出人数χ2值
性别男1 330572(43.01)2.93302(22.71)1.97
女1 746787(45.07)343(19.64)
年级大一789351(44.49)15.99**177(22.43)16.54**
大二780312(40.00)138(17.69)
大三801334(41.70)168(20.97)
大四706362(51.27)162(22.95)
学科类型理工类1 491620(41.58)2.85343(23.00)3.13
文科类1 072490(45.71)210(19.59)
艺术类513249(48.54)92(17.93)
是否独生子女是1 018470(46.17)2.97232(22.79)3.37
否2 058889(43.20)413(20.07)
生源地城镇1 110455(40.99)2.93255(22.97)1.99
农村1 966904(45.98)390(19.84)
每周运动1 h天数/d＜31 678780(46.48)3.41368(21.93)2.66
≥31 398579(41.42)277(19.81)
每天ST/ha＜25288(1.52)—56(10.61)—
2~＜3418114(27.27)78(18.66)
3~＜4572217(37.94)123(21.50)
≥41 5581 020(65.47)388(24.90)
), ArticleFig(id=1325530218307535491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530214293586532, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同组别大学生焦虑和抑郁症状检出率比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别选项人数焦虑症状抑郁症状
检出人数χ2值检出人数χ2值
性别男1 330572(43.01)2.93302(22.71)1.97
女1 746787(45.07)343(19.64)
年级大一789351(44.49)15.99**177(22.43)16.54**
大二780312(40.00)138(17.69)
大三801334(41.70)168(20.97)
大四706362(51.27)162(22.95)
学科类型理工类1 491620(41.58)2.85343(23.00)3.13
文科类1 072490(45.71)210(19.59)
艺术类513249(48.54)92(17.93)
是否独生子女是1 018470(46.17)2.97232(22.79)3.37
否2 058889(43.20)413(20.07)
生源地城镇1 110455(40.99)2.93255(22.97)1.99
农村1 966904(45.98)390(19.84)
每周运动1 h天数/d＜31 678780(46.48)3.41368(21.93)2.66
≥31 398579(41.42)277(19.81)
每天ST/ha＜25288(1.52)—56(10.61)—
2~＜3418114(27.27)78(18.66)
3~＜4572217(37.94)123(21.50)
≥41 5581 020(65.47)388(24.90)
), ArticleFig(id=1325530218458530436, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530214293586532, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Comparison of PA and ST among college students with different groups

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别选项人数每周运动1 h天数/d每天ST/h
x±st/F值x±st/F值
性别男1 3301.65±0.4811.67**6.10±1.28-1.77
女1 7461.32±0.476.32±1.15
年级大一7891.49±0.501.146.24±1.160.22
大二7801.38±0.496.19±1.31
大三8011.50±0.716.50±1.71
大四7061.00±0.697.00±1.45
学科类型理工类1 4911.47±0.5011.90**6.21±1.171.08
文科类1 0721.35±0.486.33±1.12
艺术类5131.64±0.486.08±1.47
是否独生子女是1 0181.50±0.501.176.20±1.13-1.35
否2 0581.43±0.506.25±1.24
生源地城镇1 1101.48±0.500.746.18±1.21-1.36
农村1 9571.44±0.506.26±1.21
), ArticleFig(id=1325530218534027909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530214293586532, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同组别大学生PA与ST比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别选项人数每周运动1 h天数/d每天ST/h
x±st/F值x±st/F值
性别男1 3301.65±0.4811.67**6.10±1.28-1.77
女1 7461.32±0.476.32±1.15
年级大一7891.49±0.501.146.24±1.160.22
大二7801.38±0.496.19±1.31
大三8011.50±0.716.50±1.71
大四7061.00±0.697.00±1.45
学科类型理工类1 4911.47±0.5011.90**6.21±1.171.08
文科类1 0721.35±0.486.33±1.12
艺术类5131.64±0.486.08±1.47
是否独生子女是1 0181.50±0.501.176.20±1.13-1.35
否2 0581.43±0.506.25±1.24
生源地城镇1 1101.48±0.500.746.18±1.21-1.36
农村1 9571.44±0.506.26±1.21
), ArticleFig(id=1325530218609525382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530214293586532, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Correlation of PA and ST with anxiety and depres-sive symptoms among college students[OR(95%CI), n=3 076]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
自变量选项焦虑症状抑郁症状
每周运动1 h天数/d＜31.001.00
≥30.93(0.72~1.20)0.73(0.57~0.90)*
每天ST/h< 20.51(0.30~0.70)**0.55(0.37~0.77)**
2~＜30.64(0.45~0.89)*0.57(0.42~0.76)**
3~＜40.57(0.40~0.87)**0.70(0.50~0.96)*
≥41.001.00
), ArticleFig(id=1325530218680828551, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530214293586532, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

大学生PA、ST与焦虑和抑郁症状的Logistic回归分析[OR值(95%CI)，n=3 076]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
自变量选项焦虑症状抑郁症状
每周运动1 h天数/d＜31.001.00
≥30.93(0.72~1.20)0.73(0.57~0.90)*
每天ST/h< 20.51(0.30~0.70)**0.55(0.37~0.77)**
2~＜30.64(0.45~0.89)*0.57(0.42~0.76)**
3~＜40.57(0.40~0.87)**0.70(0.50~0.96)*
≥41.001.00
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Logistic regression of PA and ST interaction with anxiety and depressive symptoms among college students[OR(95%CI), n=3 076]

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每周运动1 h天数每周ST/h焦虑症状抑郁症状
＜3 d< 20.57(0.33~0.95)*0.65(0.39~0.84)*
2~＜30.75(0.50~1.16)0.56(0.41~0.98)**
3~＜40.62(0.40~1.05)0.64(0.44~0.98)*
≥4——
≥3 d< 20.49(0.26~0.84)*0.36(0.20~0.55)**
2~＜30.58(0.34~0.96)*0.43(0.28~0.68)**
3~＜40.71(0.42~1.26)0.62(0.38~0.98)
≥41.001.00
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大学生PA、ST交互与焦虑和抑郁症状的Logistic回归分析[OR值(95%CI)，n=3 076]

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每周运动1 h天数每周ST/h焦虑症状抑郁症状
＜3 d< 20.57(0.33~0.95)*0.65(0.39~0.84)*
2~＜30.75(0.50~1.16)0.56(0.41~0.98)**
3~＜40.62(0.40~1.05)0.64(0.44~0.98)*
≥4——
≥3 d< 20.49(0.26~0.84)*0.36(0.20~0.55)**
2~＜30.58(0.34~0.96)*0.43(0.28~0.68)**
3~＜40.71(0.42~1.26)0.62(0.38~0.98)
≥41.001.00
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大学生体力活动和视屏时间与焦虑抑郁症状的相关性
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王梓宇 1 , 周龙 *, 2
中国学校卫生 | 心理卫生 2025,46(9): 1303-1306
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中国学校卫生 |心理卫生 2025 , 46 (9) : 1303 -1306
大学生体力活动和视屏时间与焦虑抑郁症状的相关性
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王梓宇(1990-)，男，安徽蚌埠人，博士，讲师，主要研究方向为学生体质健康与体育史

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王梓宇1, 周龙*, 2
作者信息
  • 1绍兴文理学院教师教育学院，浙江 312000
  • 2广西职业师范学院体育教学部
通讯作者:
周龙，E-mail:
作者简介:

王梓宇(1990-)，男，安徽蚌埠人，博士，讲师，主要研究方向为学生体质健康与体育史

Correlation of physical activity and screen time with anxiety and depressive symptoms among college students
Ziyu WANG1, Long ZHOU*, 2
Affiliations
  • 1School of Teacher Education, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, Zhejiang Province, China
出版时间: 2025-09-25 doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025241
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摘要
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目的

分析大学生体力活动、视屏时间与焦虑和抑郁症状的相关性，为制定针对大学生焦虑和抑郁症状的干预措施提供参考。

方法

2024年5月，采用方便抽样与分层抽样相结合的方法选取浙江省绍兴市5所高校3 076名大学生，采用自编一般情况问卷、视屏时间问卷、焦虑自评量表和抑郁自评量表调查大学生体力活动、视屏时间及焦虑和抑郁症状等现状。组间比较采用χ2检验、Fisher确切概率法、t检验或方差分析，并建立多因素Logistic回归模型，探究大学生体力活动、视屏时间与焦虑和抑郁症状的相关性。

结果

大学生轻度、中度及重度焦虑症状的构成比分别为59.97%，28.99%及11.04%；轻度、中度及重度抑郁症状的构成比分别为64.96%，29.92%及5.12%。不同年级、每天视屏时间不同的大学生焦虑症状(χ2=15.99)和抑郁症状(χ2=16.54)检出率差异均有统计学意义(P值均 < 0.05)。不同性别和学科类型的大学生在体力活动方面差异均有统计学意义(t/F值分别为11.67，11.90，P值均＜0.01)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示，当体力活动每周运动至少1 h天数＜3 d时，视屏时间＜2 h/d的大学生焦虑症状发生风险降低(OR=0.57)，视屏时间 < 2，2~ < 3，3~ < 4 h/d的大学生抑郁症状发生风险降低(OR值分别为0.65，0.56，0.64)；当体力活动每周运动至少1 h天数≥3 d时，视屏时间 < 2，2~ < 3 h/d的大学生焦虑症状(OR值分别为0.49，0.58)和抑郁症状(OR值分别为0.36，0.43)的发生风险均降低(P值均＜0.05)。

结论

大学生体力活动、视屏时间与焦虑和抑郁症状存在相关性，过低的体力活动、较长的视屏时间容易增加大学生焦虑和抑郁症状的发生风险。

运动活动  /  注视，眼  /  焦虑  /  抑郁  /  回归分析  /  学生
Objective

To analyze the correlation of physical activity and screen time with anxiety and depressive symptoms among college students, so as to provide a reference for formulating intervention measures for anxiety and depressive symptoms among college students.

Methods

In May 2024, the method of combining convenient sampling with stratified sampling was adopted to select 3 076 college students from 5 colleges in Shaoxing of Zhejiang Province. Self-compiled general situation questionnaires, Screen Time Questionnaire, Self-rating Anxiety Scale and Self-rating Depression Scale were used to investigate the current status of college students' physical activities, screen time, anxiety and depressive symptoms, etc. Inter-group comparisons were conducted by using the χ2 test, Fisher's exact probability test, t-test or analysis of variance. A multivariate Logistic regression model was established to explore the correlations between physical activity, screen time with anxiety and depressive symptoms among college students.

Results

The constituent ratios of mild, moderate and severe anxiety symptoms were 59.97%, 28.99% and 11.04%, respectively. The constituent ratios of mild, moderate and severe depressive symptoms were 64.96%, 29.92% and 5.12%, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in the detection rates of anxiety symptom (χ2=15.99) and depressive symptom (χ2=16.54) among college students of different grades and screen time daily (both P < 0.05). There were statistically significant differences in physical activity among college students of different genders and subject types (t/F=11.67, 11.90, both P < 0.01). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that when physical activity was at least 1 hour per week < 3 d, a screen time < 2 h/d could reduce the risk of anxiety symptoms among college students (OR=0.57), and screen time < 2, 2- < 3, 3- < 4 h/d could reduce the risk of depressive symptoms among college students (OR=0.65, 0.56, 0.64); when the number of days of physical activity exercise was at least 1 h per week ≥3 d, the occurrence risks of anxiety symptom(OR=0.49, 0.58) and depressive symptom (OR=0.36, 0.43) were reduced for students with screen time < 2 and 2- < 3 h/d (all P < 0.05).

Conclusions

There are correlations of physical activity and screen time with anxiety and depressive symptoms among college students. Low physical activity and longer screen time are more likely to increase the risk of anxiety and depressive symptom among college students.

Motor activity  /  Fixation, ocular  /  Anxiety  /  Depression  /  Regression analysis  /  Students
王梓宇, 周龙. 大学生体力活动和视屏时间与焦虑抑郁症状的相关性. 中国学校卫生, 2025 , 46 (9) : 1303 -1306 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025241
Ziyu WANG, Long ZHOU. Correlation of physical activity and screen time with anxiety and depressive symptoms among college students[J]. Chinese Journal of School Health, 2025 , 46 (9) : 1303 -1306 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025241
正文
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体力活动(physical activity，PA)是人体骨骼肌收缩引起、导致能量消耗的身体运动[1]。体力活动不足是造成诸多身体及心理病症的重要原因[2]。有研究认为PA与抑郁症状呈负相关[3]，低-中等强度的PA有助于缓解个体的抑郁及精神症状。PA的不足还可能会导致焦虑症状、睡眠质量问题，严重威胁到人们的心理健康[4]。
除了体力活动之外，影响个体焦虑抑郁症状的因素还有久坐行为[5]，而久坐行为必然伴随着视屏时间(screen time，ST)的增加。ST是指个体花费在看电视、电脑、手机等电子设备屏幕前的时间[6]。近年来，随着科技的快速发展，视屏活动在大学生日常生活中占据越来越重要的位置。长时间的视屏活动可能导致身体活动不足、社交互动减少等问题，对学生的焦虑抑郁症状产生负面影响[7]；且ST越长，个体出现焦虑抑郁症状的风险越高[8]。但也有研究发现，周末每天总ST 1~2 h与学生焦虑呈负相关[9]。综上所述，PA与个体的ST、健康相关生活质量有着较为紧密的关系，高PA、低ST与总健康相关生活质量的关联性最强[10]，这也反映出PA、ST的变化与个体的不良情绪状态有关[11-12]。为了探究大学生群体不良情绪的影响因素，本研究于2024年9月对浙江省5所高校3 076名在校大学生进行问卷调查，分析PA、ST及焦虑和抑郁症状的相关性，为制定针对大学生焦虑和抑郁症状的干预措施提供参考。
1　对象与方法
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1.1　对象
2024年5月，将浙江省绍兴市全部高校(绍兴文理学院、绍兴理工学院、浙江工业大学之江学院、浙江越秀外国语学院、浙江农林大学暨阳学院)均纳入调查对象，学校按年级分层，基于方便抽样原则，由于目前调查专业多数没有大五，因此选择本科大一至大四在校大学生纳入调查。共计发放问卷3 280份，回收3 265份，经过筛选删除问卷不完整的无效问卷、获得有效问卷3 076份，有效回收率为94.21%。其中男生1 330名，女生1 746名；大一学生789名，大二780名，大三801名，大四706名；理工类专业(理学、工学、医学、经济学)1 491名，文科类(哲学、法学、农学、文化、历史、社会)1 072名，艺术类(音乐、体育、美术)513名；独生子女1 018名，非独生子女2 058名；生源地城镇1 110名，农村1 966名；平均年龄(23.79±1.52)岁。所有参与者均已知情同意，本研究经绍兴文理学院教师教育学院伦理审核通过。
1.2　方法
1.2.1　一般情况
内容包括性别、年级、学科类型、是否是独生子女、生源地等。
1.2.2　体力活动判定
参照国际体力活动问卷中体力活动水平的划分标准[13]。有研究表明，1周中PA达到1 h的天数超过3 d，能够降低大学生的焦虑抑郁水平[14]。因此，本研究调查最近1周学生参加PA至少达到1 h的天数，分为＜3 d(赋值为0)和≥3 d(赋值为1)。
1.2.3　ST判定
采用世界卫生组织视屏时间问卷[15]，调查受试者在过去1周使用各种电子屏幕设备的时间，包括4类：＜2，2~＜3，3~＜4，≥4 h/d。该问卷的Cronbach α系数为0.88[16]。
1.2.4　焦虑自评量表(Self-rating Anxiety Scale-Chinese Revision，SAS-CR)和抑郁自评量表(Self-rating Depression Scale，SDS)[17-18]
两个量表各包括20个条目，每个条目评分为1~4分，总分均为20~80分，评分越高表示学生的焦虑和抑郁症状越严重。评分 < 50，50~60，61~70及>70分，分别为无、轻度、中度及重度焦虑/抑郁症状。
1.3　质量控制
调查前，对负责本次调查的心理学专业本科生及研究生进行统一培训，确保统一操作，避免主观诱导。调查中，详细阐释本次调查目的和量表填写方法，以班级会议形式填写量表。调查后，量表经过现场调查员、监督员、学校教师审核后签字提交，并及时查缺补漏。在数据录入阶段，采用平行双录入的方法对数据进行逻辑核查和质量控制，以保证数据质量。
1.4　统计学分析
运用SPSS 26.0软件进行分析。计数资料采用频数或百分率描述；对连续变量进行正态性检验，均服从正态分布，用(x±s)描述。采用χ2检验或Fisher确切概率法比较不同人口学特征大学生焦虑抑郁症状的检出率，组间均数比较采用t检验或方差分析；采用Pearson相关性分析探究大学生PA、ST与焦虑抑郁症状的相关性；建立多因素Logistic回归模型对PA及ST与焦虑和抑郁症状关联进行分析。以P＜0.05为有统计学意义。
2　结果
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2.1　大学生焦虑和抑郁症状检出率
大学生的焦虑症状检出率为44.18%(1 359名)，轻度、中度及重度焦虑症状分别占59.97%(815/1 359)，28.99%(394/1 359)及11.04%(150/1 359)，抑郁症状检出率为20.97%(645名)，轻度、中度及重度抑郁症状分别占64.96%(419/645)，29.92%(193/645)及5.12%(33/645)。不同年级、每天不同ST大学生焦虑和抑郁症状检出率差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.01)；其中大一和大四学生焦虑和抑郁症状检出率均较高，每天ST≥4 h的大学生焦虑和抑郁症状检出率较高。见表1。
由表2可见，不同性别和学科类型的大学生在PA方面差异有统计学意义(P值均＜0.01)。男生PA时间(每周运动1 h天数)普遍高于女生，艺术类大学生PA时间(每周运动1 h天数)相对较高。不同组别大学生ST差异均无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05)。
2.2　大学生PA、ST与焦虑和抑郁症状关联的Logistic回归分析
以大学生每周运动至少1 h的天数和每天ST为自变量，调整变量为年级，以大学生是否有焦虑症状和抑郁症状(均为0=无，1=有)为因变量进行Logistic回归分析。结果显示，当每周运动至少1 h的天数≥3 d及与ST相互调整后，每周运动至少1 h的天数≥3 d与大学生抑郁症状相关，且每天ST＜2，2~＜3，3~＜4 h与大学生焦虑和抑郁症状均相关(P值均＜0.05)。见表3。
2.3　大学生PA、ST的交互作用与焦虑和抑郁症状关联的Logistic回归分析
当每周运动至少1 h天数＜3 d时，ST＜2 h/d的大学生焦虑症状的发生风险降低，ST＜4 h/d的大学生抑郁症状的发生风险降低；当PA每周运动至少1 h天数≥3 d时，ST＜3 h/d时，大学生焦虑和抑郁症状的发生风险均降低(P值均＜0.05)。见表4。
3　讨论
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在本研究中，大学生焦虑和抑郁症状的检出率分别为44.18%和20.97%，与昌敬惠等[19-20]研究基本一致。中国科学院发布的《中国国民心理健康发展报告(2021—2022)》显示，近8万名大学生的抑郁症状检出率为21.48%(包括轻度抑郁症状16.54%，重度抑郁症状4.94%)，焦虑症状检出率约45.28%[21]。这也提示本次调查研究中所选样本心理适应能力欠佳或者心理压力源较多。
本研究发现，大一和大四学生焦虑和抑郁症状检出率均较高。大一新生面临新的环境，需要适应新的生活方式和学习要求，焦虑和抑郁的风险相对较高[22]。大四学生因为即将面临毕业、就业和考研等重大选择，压力增加，导致焦虑和抑郁症状的检出率上升[23]。大学生焦虑抑郁症状的问题并非简单地由这些人口统计学变量所决定，而是由更为复杂和多元的因素所共同作用的结果。
PA对于焦虑症状作用无统计学意义，但对抑郁症状具有缓解作用，与部分前人研究成果一致[24]。适度的PA还能改善睡眠质量，提高身体素质，从而间接促进大学生的心理健康。PA不能减轻大学生焦虑症状，可能由于焦虑症状往往与个体对未来的担忧、不确定性和恐惧感紧密相关，而这些因素并不直接受PA的影响。
多因素分析结果表明，适度的ST与大学生的焦虑和抑郁症状呈负性相关。当代大学生面临多课业、考试以及就业的压力，适度的ST能够帮助放松心情、缓解学业压力，大学生电子产品的使用便于获得更多的就业信息和市场动态；而过长的ST势必会增加久坐时间，不仅不利于身体健康，还有可能导致不良的情绪[25]。过度使用电子屏幕还可能影响睡眠质量，进一步加剧焦虑和抑郁症状。因此，建议大学生合理控制每天的ST，并结合适量的PA，以促进身心健康。
本研究PA与ST的交互作用分析结果显示，在PA和ST的共同作用下，大学生的焦虑和抑郁症状呈现出更为复杂的变化。这一发现为制定针对大学生焦虑和抑郁症状的干预措施提供了参考依据。然而，本研究虽然揭示了PA和ST与大学生焦虑和抑郁症状的关联，但并未深入探讨其背后的机制。未来的研究可以从多个角度出发，进一步探究这些因素对大学生心理健康的影响路径，以便为高校心理健康教育工作提供更具体的指导和建议。
基金
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  • 广西教育科学“十四五”规划2024年度体育与健康教育专项课题重点课题(2024ZJY882)；2025广西高校中青年教师基础能力提升项目(2025KY0967)
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2025年第46卷第9期
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doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025241
  • 接收时间：2025-01-24
  • 首发时间：2026-11-06
  • 出版时间：2025-09-25
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  • 收稿日期：2025-01-24
  • 修回日期：2025-05-15
基金
广西教育科学“十四五”规划2024年度体育与健康教育专项课题重点课题(2024ZJY882)；2025广西高校中青年教师基础能力提升项目(2025KY0967)
作者信息
    1绍兴文理学院教师教育学院，浙江 312000
    2广西职业师范学院体育教学部

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Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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