Article(id=1325529950216020034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, issueId=1325529948685091532, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025237, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1735747200000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-02, revisedDate=1740672000000, revisedDateStr=2025-02-28, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793960567286, onlineDateStr=2026-11-06, pubDate=1756051200000, pubDateStr=2025-08-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793960567286, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793960567286, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793960567286, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1325529948685091532, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, year='2025', volume='46', issue='8', pageStart='1065', pageEnd='1216', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1756051200000', pubDateStr='2025-08-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793960566921, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793960566921, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1074, endPage=1078, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1325529950509621316, articleId=1325529950216020034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=EN, title=Association between maternal lipids during pregnancy and risk of offspring's overweight and obesity at 3 years of age, columnId=1325529950425735235, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of School Health, columnName=Impact of Maternal Adverse Factors during Pregnancy on Childhood Growth and Development, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the association between maternal lipid levels during pregnancy and the risk of overweight and obesity in offspring at 3 years of age, providing scientific evidences for the prevention and control of childhood obesity.

Methods

A total of 2 432 mother-child pairs with maternal lipid tests during pregnancy and offspring's physical growth data at 3 years of age were included from the Borin in Guangzhou Cohort Study up to September 2021. Lipid indicators, including high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), and total cholesterol (TC), were measured at 13-19+6 weeks (mid-pregnancy) and 32-39+6 weeks (late pregnancy). Children's body mass index (BMI) Z score were calculated according to the World Health Organization's growth standards for children under 5 years old. The lipid Z score were divided into four quartiles: Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4. Linear regression was used to analyze the relationship between maternal lipid levels during pregnancy and offspring's BMI Z score at 3 years of age. Poisson regression with a robust error variance was employed to evaluate the association between maternal lipid levels during pregnancy and the at-risk of overweight and obesity in offspring at 3 years of age, after adjusting for maternal age at conception, education level, parity, pre-pregnancy BMI and gestational diabetes mellitus.

Results

There was a statistically significnt difference in the detection rate of overweight and obesity risk among children with different mothers's pre-pregnancy BMI (χ2=22.85, P < 0.05). Linear regression analysis showed that TG levels in late-pregnancy were positively related to BMI Z score (β=0.10, 95%CI=0.02-0.18, P < 0.05). Poisson regression with a robust error variance indicated that, compared with the Q1 group of TC, the Q4 group of TC in mid-pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of overweight and obesity in offspring at 3 years of age (RR=1.59, 95%CI=1.04-2.44); compared with the Q1 group of TG, the Q4 group of TG during late-pregnancy increased the risk of overweight and obesity in offspring at 3 years of age (RR=1.79, 95%CI=1.02-3.12) (both P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Maternal serum TC level during mid-pregnancy can increase the risk of overweight and obesity in offspring at 3 years of age. Maternal serum TG levels during late-pregnancy is positively correlated with BMI and the risk of overweight and obesity in offspring at 3 years of age.

, authors=Lifang ZHANG1, Zhaocong HE1, Dongmei WEI1, Jinhua LU1, Yashu KUANG1, Minshan LU1, Dantong SHAO1, Xiu QIU*, 1, 2, Jianrong HE*, 1, 2, authorsList=Lifang ZHANG, Zhaocong HE, Dongmei WEI, Jinhua LU, Yashu KUANG, Minshan LU, Dantong SHAO, Xiu QIU, Jianrong HE, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xiu QIU, Jianrong HE, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Chinese Journal of School Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1325529951428173893, articleId=1325529950216020034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=CN, title=孕期血脂水平与子代3岁儿童超重肥胖风险的关联, columnId=1325529950916465375, journalTitle=中国学校卫生, columnName=母亲妊娠期不良因素对儿童生长发育影响专栏, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探讨孕期血脂水平与子代3岁儿童超重肥胖风险的关联,为儿童肥胖防控提供科学依据。

方法

纳入截至2021年9月广州出生队列研究中有孕期血脂检测以及子代3岁时体格生长数据的2 432对母子。孕13~19+6周(孕中期)和孕32~39+6周(孕晚期)的血脂指标包括高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、甘油三酯(TG)、胆固醇(TC)。根据世界卫生组织5岁以下儿童生长标准,计算儿童年龄别体质量指数(BMI)Z评分;并以血脂Z分按四分位数分为Q1、Q2、Q3和Q4四组。采用线性回归分析孕期血脂水平与子代3岁时BMI Z分的关系,采用稳健Poisson回归评估母亲孕期血脂水平与子代3岁儿童超重肥胖风险的关联,模型均控制母亲受孕年龄、受教育程度、产次、孕前BMI和妊娠期糖尿病等因素。

结果

不同母亲孕前BMI的儿童超重肥胖风险检出率差异有统计学意义(χ2=22.85,P < 0.01)。线性回归分析结果显示,孕晚期TG Z分与子代3岁BMI Z分呈正相关(β=0.10,95%CI=0.02~0.18,P < 0.05)。稳健Poisson回归分析结果显示,与孕中期TC Q1组相比,孕中期Q4组与子代3岁时超重肥胖风险升高相关(RR=1.59,95%CI=1.04~2.44);与孕晚期TG Q1组相比,孕晚期Q4组增加子代3岁时超重肥胖风险(RR=1.79,95%CI=1.02~3.12)(P值均 < 0.05)。

结论

孕中期母亲血清TC水平升高会增加子代3岁时的超重肥胖风险,孕晚期母亲血清TG水平与子代3岁时BMI和超重肥胖风险呈正相关。

, authors=张丽芳1, 何兆聪1, 韦冬梅1, 卢锦华1, 旷雅舒1, 陆敏珊1, 邵丹彤1, 邱琇*, 1, 2, 何健荣*, 1, 2, authorsList=张丽芳, 何兆聪, 韦冬梅, 卢锦华, 旷雅舒, 陆敏珊, 邵丹彤, 邱琇, 何健荣, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=邱琇, 何健荣, authorNote=

张丽芳和何兆聪为共同第一作者。

张丽芳(1988-),女,广西北海人,硕士,主治医师,主要研究方向为妇幼健康流行病学

何兆聪(1998-),男,广东佛山人,在读硕士,主要研究方向为妇幼健康流行病学

, correspAuthorsNote=
邱琇,E-mail:
何健荣,E-mail:
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Obesity (Silver Spring), 2024, 32(1): 187-199., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1325529958776594570, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325529950216020034, awardId=null, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(82273642,82461160320,82173525,82404262);广东省基础与应用基础研究基金项目(2022A1515220104);广州市科技局项目(202201020656,20231A011044), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1325529953193975878, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325529950216020034, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325529953202364487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325529950216020034, companyId=1325529953193975878, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1The Research Laboratory of the Born in Guangzhou Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong Province, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325529953214947400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325529950216020034, companyId=1325529953193975878, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1广州医科大学附属广州市妇女儿童医疗中心出生队列研究室,广东 510623)]), AuthorCompany(id=1325529953294639177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325529950216020034, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325529953303027786, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325529950216020034, companyId=1325529953294639177, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2广州医科大学附属广州市妇女儿童医疗中心妇女保健部/广东省高水平临床重点专科(妇幼保健))])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1325529958181003396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325529950216020034, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Comparison of detection rates of overweight and obesity risk in offspring age 3 years old among different groups

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组别人数超重肥胖风险人数χ2值P值
母亲受教育程度
  高中及以下19221(10.93)2.820.42
  大专/专科58354(9.26)
  本科1 325119(8.98)
  研究生及以上33239(11.75)
母亲产次
  初产妇1 917179(9.34)0.51*
  经产妇51453(10.31)
  缺失11(100.00)
母亲孕前BMI
  正常1 580156(9.87)22.85< 0.01
  消瘦50827(5.31)
  超重24239(16.12)
  肥胖505(10.00)
  缺失526(11.54)
母亲GDM
  否2 066196(9.49)0.66*
  是36237(10.22)
  缺失40
儿童性别
  男1 262125(9.90)0.320.57
  女1 170108(9.23)
), ArticleFig(id=1325529958277472389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325529950216020034, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同组别子代3岁儿童超重肥胖风险检出率比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别人数超重肥胖风险人数χ2值P值
母亲受教育程度
  高中及以下19221(10.93)2.820.42
  大专/专科58354(9.26)
  本科1 325119(8.98)
  研究生及以上33239(11.75)
母亲产次
  初产妇1 917179(9.34)0.51*
  经产妇51453(10.31)
  缺失11(100.00)
母亲孕前BMI
  正常1 580156(9.87)22.85< 0.01
  消瘦50827(5.31)
  超重24239(16.12)
  肥胖505(10.00)
  缺失526(11.54)
母亲GDM
  否2 066196(9.49)0.66*
  是36237(10.22)
  缺失40
儿童性别
  男1 262125(9.90)0.320.57
  女1 170108(9.23)
), ArticleFig(id=1325529958365552774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325529950216020034, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Linear regression analysis of maternal lipids during pregnancy and BMI Z score in offspring aged 3 years children

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孕周自变量人数模型1模型2
β值(95%CI)P值β值(95%CI)P值
13~19+6HDL-C1 586-0.03(-0.08~0.02)0.180.01(-0.04~0.06)0.83
LDL-C1 584-0.02(-0.07~0.03)0.51-0.03(-0.08~0.02)0.22
TC1 586-0.00(-0.05~0.05)0.91-0.01(-0.05~0.04)0.85
TG1 5840.08(0.03~0.13)< 0.010.05(-0.01~0.10)0.09
32~39+6HDL-C955-0.06(-0.12~0.01)0.10-0.04(-0.10~0.03)0.30
LDL-C956-0.07(-0.13~-0.01)0.04-0.05(-0.11~0.02)0.15
TC956-0.02(-0.08~0.05)0.610.01(-0.06~0.07)0.82
TG9490.13(0.05~0.21)< 0.010.10(0.02~0.18)0.02
), ArticleFig(id=1325529958449438855, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325529950216020034, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

孕期血脂水平与子代3岁儿童BMI Z分的线性回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
孕周自变量人数模型1模型2
β值(95%CI)P值β值(95%CI)P值
13~19+6HDL-C1 586-0.03(-0.08~0.02)0.180.01(-0.04~0.06)0.83
LDL-C1 584-0.02(-0.07~0.03)0.51-0.03(-0.08~0.02)0.22
TC1 586-0.00(-0.05~0.05)0.91-0.01(-0.05~0.04)0.85
TG1 5840.08(0.03~0.13)< 0.010.05(-0.01~0.10)0.09
32~39+6HDL-C955-0.06(-0.12~0.01)0.10-0.04(-0.10~0.03)0.30
LDL-C956-0.07(-0.13~-0.01)0.04-0.05(-0.11~0.02)0.15
TC956-0.02(-0.08~0.05)0.610.01(-0.06~0.07)0.82
TG9490.13(0.05~0.21)< 0.010.10(0.02~0.18)0.02
), ArticleFig(id=1325529958550102152, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325529950216020034, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Poisson regression with robust error variance the association between maternal lipids during pregnancy and risk of overweight or obesity in offspring aged 3 years child

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
孕周自变量人数模型1模型2
Q2Q3Q4Q2Q3Q4
13~19+6HDL-C1 5860.71(0.44~1.14)0.91(0.59~1.42)0.96(0.62~1.48)0.76(0.47~1.22)1.04(0.66~1.64)1.16(0.74~1.82)
LDL-C1 5841.00(0.62~1.59)1.13(0.72~1.78)1.09(0.69~1.73)0.97(0.60~1.54)1.15(0.73~1.81)1.00(0.63~1.59)
TC1 5861.16(0.73~1.86)0.74(0.44~1.27)1.61(1.04~2.48)*1.15(0.72~1.84)0.73(0.42~1.25)1.59(1.04~2.44)*
TG1 5840.92(0.56~1.53)1.49(0.95~2.34)1.24(0.78~1.98)0.91(0.55~1.49)1.36(0.86~2.15)1.05(0.65~1.70)
32~39+6HDL-C9551.20(0.72~2.01)1.15(0.68~1.93)1.23(0.74~2.06)1.15(0.68~1.95)1.20(0.72~2.01)1.26(0.75~2.13)
LDL-C9560.85(0.53~1.38)0.75(0.46~1.24)0.79(0.48~1.28)0.89(0.55~1.43)0.83(0.50~1.38)0.84(0.50~1.42)
TC9561.25(0.76~2.05)0.96(0.57~1.64)1.13(0.68~1.87)1.26(0.77~2.07)0.98(0.57~1.69)1.16(0.68~1.98)
TG9491.33(0.75~2.35)1.43(0.82~2.51)1.86(1.09~3.15)*1.42(0.79~2.57)1.38(0.75~2.53)1.79(1.02~3.12)*
), ArticleFig(id=1325529958633988233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325529950216020034, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

孕期血脂水平与子代3岁儿童超重肥胖风险关联的稳健Poisson回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
孕周自变量人数模型1模型2
Q2Q3Q4Q2Q3Q4
13~19+6HDL-C1 5860.71(0.44~1.14)0.91(0.59~1.42)0.96(0.62~1.48)0.76(0.47~1.22)1.04(0.66~1.64)1.16(0.74~1.82)
LDL-C1 5841.00(0.62~1.59)1.13(0.72~1.78)1.09(0.69~1.73)0.97(0.60~1.54)1.15(0.73~1.81)1.00(0.63~1.59)
TC1 5861.16(0.73~1.86)0.74(0.44~1.27)1.61(1.04~2.48)*1.15(0.72~1.84)0.73(0.42~1.25)1.59(1.04~2.44)*
TG1 5840.92(0.56~1.53)1.49(0.95~2.34)1.24(0.78~1.98)0.91(0.55~1.49)1.36(0.86~2.15)1.05(0.65~1.70)
32~39+6HDL-C9551.20(0.72~2.01)1.15(0.68~1.93)1.23(0.74~2.06)1.15(0.68~1.95)1.20(0.72~2.01)1.26(0.75~2.13)
LDL-C9560.85(0.53~1.38)0.75(0.46~1.24)0.79(0.48~1.28)0.89(0.55~1.43)0.83(0.50~1.38)0.84(0.50~1.42)
TC9561.25(0.76~2.05)0.96(0.57~1.64)1.13(0.68~1.87)1.26(0.77~2.07)0.98(0.57~1.69)1.16(0.68~1.98)
TG9491.33(0.75~2.35)1.43(0.82~2.51)1.86(1.09~3.15)*1.42(0.79~2.57)1.38(0.75~2.53)1.79(1.02~3.12)*
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孕期血脂水平与子代3岁儿童超重肥胖风险的关联
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张丽芳 1 , 何兆聪 1 , 韦冬梅 1 , 卢锦华 1 , 旷雅舒 1 , 陆敏珊 1 , 邵丹彤 1 , 邱琇 *, 1, 2 , 何健荣 *, 1, 2
中国学校卫生 | 母亲妊娠期不良因素对儿童生长发育影响专栏 2025,46(8): 1074-1078
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中国学校卫生 |母亲妊娠期不良因素对儿童生长发育影响专栏 2025 , 46 (8) : 1074 -1078
孕期血脂水平与子代3岁儿童超重肥胖风险的关联
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张丽芳1, 何兆聪1, 韦冬梅1, 卢锦华1, 旷雅舒1, 陆敏珊1, 邵丹彤1, 邱琇*, 1, 2 , 何健荣*, 1, 2
作者信息
  • 1广州医科大学附属广州市妇女儿童医疗中心出生队列研究室,广东 510623
  • 2广州医科大学附属广州市妇女儿童医疗中心妇女保健部/广东省高水平临床重点专科(妇幼保健)
通讯作者:
邱琇,E-mail:
何健荣,E-mail:
作者简介:

张丽芳和何兆聪为共同第一作者。

张丽芳(1988-),女,广西北海人,硕士,主治医师,主要研究方向为妇幼健康流行病学

何兆聪(1998-),男,广东佛山人,在读硕士,主要研究方向为妇幼健康流行病学

Association between maternal lipids during pregnancy and risk of offspring's overweight and obesity at 3 years of age
Lifang ZHANG1, Zhaocong HE1, Dongmei WEI1, Jinhua LU1, Yashu KUANG1, Minshan LU1, Dantong SHAO1, Xiu QIU*, 1, 2 , Jianrong HE*, 1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1The Research Laboratory of the Born in Guangzhou Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong Province, China
出版时间: 2025-08-25 doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025237
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目的

探讨孕期血脂水平与子代3岁儿童超重肥胖风险的关联,为儿童肥胖防控提供科学依据。

方法

纳入截至2021年9月广州出生队列研究中有孕期血脂检测以及子代3岁时体格生长数据的2 432对母子。孕13~19+6周(孕中期)和孕32~39+6周(孕晚期)的血脂指标包括高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、甘油三酯(TG)、胆固醇(TC)。根据世界卫生组织5岁以下儿童生长标准,计算儿童年龄别体质量指数(BMI)Z评分;并以血脂Z分按四分位数分为Q1、Q2、Q3和Q4四组。采用线性回归分析孕期血脂水平与子代3岁时BMI Z分的关系,采用稳健Poisson回归评估母亲孕期血脂水平与子代3岁儿童超重肥胖风险的关联,模型均控制母亲受孕年龄、受教育程度、产次、孕前BMI和妊娠期糖尿病等因素。

结果

不同母亲孕前BMI的儿童超重肥胖风险检出率差异有统计学意义(χ2=22.85,P < 0.01)。线性回归分析结果显示,孕晚期TG Z分与子代3岁BMI Z分呈正相关(β=0.10,95%CI=0.02~0.18,P < 0.05)。稳健Poisson回归分析结果显示,与孕中期TC Q1组相比,孕中期Q4组与子代3岁时超重肥胖风险升高相关(RR=1.59,95%CI=1.04~2.44);与孕晚期TG Q1组相比,孕晚期Q4组增加子代3岁时超重肥胖风险(RR=1.79,95%CI=1.02~3.12)(P值均 < 0.05)。

结论

孕中期母亲血清TC水平升高会增加子代3岁时的超重肥胖风险,孕晚期母亲血清TG水平与子代3岁时BMI和超重肥胖风险呈正相关。

血脂  /  超重  /  肥胖症  /  回归分析  /  儿童, 学龄前
Objective

To explore the association between maternal lipid levels during pregnancy and the risk of overweight and obesity in offspring at 3 years of age, providing scientific evidences for the prevention and control of childhood obesity.

Methods

A total of 2 432 mother-child pairs with maternal lipid tests during pregnancy and offspring's physical growth data at 3 years of age were included from the Borin in Guangzhou Cohort Study up to September 2021. Lipid indicators, including high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), and total cholesterol (TC), were measured at 13-19+6 weeks (mid-pregnancy) and 32-39+6 weeks (late pregnancy). Children's body mass index (BMI) Z score were calculated according to the World Health Organization's growth standards for children under 5 years old. The lipid Z score were divided into four quartiles: Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4. Linear regression was used to analyze the relationship between maternal lipid levels during pregnancy and offspring's BMI Z score at 3 years of age. Poisson regression with a robust error variance was employed to evaluate the association between maternal lipid levels during pregnancy and the at-risk of overweight and obesity in offspring at 3 years of age, after adjusting for maternal age at conception, education level, parity, pre-pregnancy BMI and gestational diabetes mellitus.

Results

There was a statistically significnt difference in the detection rate of overweight and obesity risk among children with different mothers's pre-pregnancy BMI (χ2=22.85, P < 0.05). Linear regression analysis showed that TG levels in late-pregnancy were positively related to BMI Z score (β=0.10, 95%CI=0.02-0.18, P < 0.05). Poisson regression with a robust error variance indicated that, compared with the Q1 group of TC, the Q4 group of TC in mid-pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of overweight and obesity in offspring at 3 years of age (RR=1.59, 95%CI=1.04-2.44); compared with the Q1 group of TG, the Q4 group of TG during late-pregnancy increased the risk of overweight and obesity in offspring at 3 years of age (RR=1.79, 95%CI=1.02-3.12) (both P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Maternal serum TC level during mid-pregnancy can increase the risk of overweight and obesity in offspring at 3 years of age. Maternal serum TG levels during late-pregnancy is positively correlated with BMI and the risk of overweight and obesity in offspring at 3 years of age.

Plasma lipid  /  Overweight  /  Obesity  /  Regression analysis  /  Child, preschool
张丽芳, 何兆聪, 韦冬梅, 卢锦华, 旷雅舒, 陆敏珊, 邵丹彤, 邱琇, 何健荣. 孕期血脂水平与子代3岁儿童超重肥胖风险的关联. 中国学校卫生, 2025 , 46 (8) : 1074 -1078 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025237
Lifang ZHANG, Zhaocong HE, Dongmei WEI, Jinhua LU, Yashu KUANG, Minshan LU, Dantong SHAO, Xiu QIU, Jianrong HE. Association between maternal lipids during pregnancy and risk of offspring's overweight and obesity at 3 years of age[J]. Chinese Journal of School Health, 2025 , 46 (8) : 1074 -1078 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025237
儿童超重肥胖是重大公共卫生问题,在过去的几十年中,中国儿童超重肥胖率不断攀升。1992年 < 6岁儿童的超重率为2.3%,2015—2019年上升至6.8%,增长了1.8倍;肥胖率则由1.6%上升至3.6%,增长1.3倍[1]。预计2030年中国15.6%的学龄前儿童和31.8%的学龄儿童将发展为超重或肥胖体型[2]。关于儿童超重肥胖危险因素的研究很多,母亲的健康状况被认为是危险因素之一,如孕前高体质量指数(body mass index, BMI)、孕期增重过多、妊娠期糖尿病等[3-4]。但孕期母亲血脂代谢对子代肥胖影响的研究较少,且结论不一致[5-10],可能与孕期血脂的种族差异有关[11]。为此,本文基于前瞻性的广州出生队列研究(Born in Guangzhou Cohort Study, BIGCS),分析孕期血脂水平与子代3岁时BMI以及超重肥胖风险的关联。
研究对象来自广州出生队列,该队列自2012年开始建立,旨在研究社会、生物和环境因素对孕妇妊娠以及儿童健康的影响。本次分析纳入2018年4月前招募入组且截至2021年9月子代满3岁的母子对为研究对象。纳入标准:母亲入组时孕周 < 20周;在广州市妇女儿童医疗中心进行产前检查并分娩;孕期已检测血脂;子代3岁时在广州市妇女儿童医疗中心完成生长发育评估。排除标准:双胎或多胎;儿童死亡。共纳入2 432对母子,孕妇受孕年龄为(29.93±3.72)岁,孕前BMI为(20.74±2.88)kg/m2;子代3岁(中位32月)时的BMI为(15.27±1.29)kg/m2。本研究已通过广州医科大学附属妇女儿童医疗中心医学伦理委员会批准审查(批号:穗妇儿科伦批字第129B01号),所有研究对象(孕妇)均签署书面知情同意书。
母亲的受孕年龄、受教育程度(高中及以下、大专、大学本科、研究生及以上),孕前BMI,产次(初产、经产)为入组时通过自填问卷收集。妊娠期糖尿病(gestational diabetes mellitus, GDM)的诊断标准[12]为孕妇在妊娠24~28周期间进行75 g口服葡萄糖耐量试验检查,满足以下一项标准诊断为GDM:空腹血糖>5.1 mmol/L,服糖后1 h血糖>10.0 mmol/L,服糖后2 h血糖>8.5 mmol/L。GDM诊断和新生儿性别均来自医疗记录。
选取13~19+6周(孕中期)和32~39+6(孕晚期)作为暴露评估窗口期。孕妇空腹采集静脉血检测血清血脂4项,包括甘油三酯(triglyceride, TG)、总胆固醇(total cholesterol, TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C)。采用磷酸甘油氧化酶-过氧化物酶法测定TG,胆固醇氧化酶-过氧化酶法测定TC,直接法-表面活性剂清除法测定LDL,直接法-过氧化氨酶清除法测定HDL。血脂4项均在医院检验科由专业人员使用全自动生化分析仪进行检测。血糖、血脂检测项目均通过国家卫生健康委员会及广东省临床检验中心组织的室间质量评价,结果合格。
由统一培训的研究人员测量儿童体重和身高或身长,测量时要求儿童脱下鞋子,仅保留一层衣服。在年龄 < 3岁儿童中,使用Shekel Healthweigh称(Shekel Scales Ltd.,以色列)测量体重和身长;在≥3岁儿童中,使用电子称(SECA 287)测量体重和身高。体重精确至0.01 kg,身长/身高精确至0.1 cm;为扣除衣服的额外重量,从每个孩子的体重中减去0.2 kg。对于无法参加现场随访的儿童(约25%),通过电话随访,由父母报告幼儿的体重和身高/身长(在其他儿童保健机构的常规测量)。根据世界卫生组织5岁以下儿童生长标准,计算儿童BMI Z分,BMI Z分>1定义为有超重肥胖风险[13-15]。
所有随访人员都经过标准培训和考核,问卷填写经过逻辑核查,对漏填或有逻辑问题的问卷及时联系研究对象进行补充修正。体重测量仪在使用前进行校验,并定期校正。血样的采集、处理、运输和检测严格按照规范流程。
采用Stata 18软件进行统计分析,连续型变量采用Q-Q图进行正态性判定,对近似服从正态分布的计量数据采用(x ±s)描述集中和离散趋势,分类变量数据用频数和百分比(%)描述。采用两组独立样本t检验分析受孕年龄、孕前BMI等正态分布连续变量的组间差异;采用χ2检验比较分类变量的组间分布。由于血脂水平随着孕周变化,对各个检测孕周的血脂水平根据均值和标准差进行Z分转换,采用线性回归模型分析不同孕期血脂Z分与子代3岁时BMI Z分的关系;采用稳健Poisson回归评估孕期血脂水平与子代3岁时超重肥胖风险的关联,血脂Z分以四分位数分组后以分类变量纳入分析。模型调整母亲受孕年龄(连续型变量),产次(初产、经产),母亲受教育水平(高中及以下、大专/专科、本科、研究生及以上),母亲孕前BMI(连续型变量)和GDM(是、否)。双侧检验水准α=0.05。
见表1。
在子代3岁(中位32月)时,BMI Z分为(-0.30±1.01)分,233名(9.58%)幼儿有超重肥胖风险。子代超重肥胖风险组的母亲孕前BMI高于非超重肥胖风险组,差异有统计学意义(t=25.64,P < 0.01)。子代超重肥胖风险组的母亲受孕年龄高于非超重肥胖风险组,但差异无统计学意义(t=0.87,P=0.38)。
不同母亲孕前BMI的儿童超重肥胖风险检出率差异有统计学意义(P < 0.01);不同母亲受教育程度、产次、母亲GDM和性别的儿童超重肥胖风险检出率差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。
线性回归分析结果显示,孕中期和孕晚期TG Z分与子代3岁儿童BMI Z分均呈正相关(P值均 < 0.01);在控制母亲受孕年龄、受教育程度、产次、孕前BMI和GDM等因素后,孕中期TG Z分与子代3岁BMI Z分的关联无统计学意义(P>0.05),孕晚期TG Z分与子代3岁BMI Z分的关联仍有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。见表2。
以母亲血脂Z分按四分位数分别分组后,稳健Poisson回归分析结果显示,调整混杂因素前后与低TC组(Q1)相比,孕中期最高TC组(Q4)与子代3岁时超重肥胖风险升高相关(RR值分别为1.61,1.59);与最低TG组(Q1)相比,孕晚期最高TG组(Q4)增加子代3岁时超重肥胖风险(校正RR值分别为1.86,1.79)(P值均 < 0.05)。见表3。
随着肥胖儿童日益增加且学龄期的肥胖干预效果欠佳[16],将儿童肥胖防控的关键窗口前移至围产期,探索肥胖的风险因子至关重要[17]。通过研究母亲孕期血脂与子代肥胖的关系,可早期识别儿童肥胖的风险因素,为肥胖干预提供依据,从而预防儿童肥胖的发生。
国外关于孕期母体血脂与儿童肥胖的研究尚无确切的结论。如一项来自美国关于孕期血脂与子代3岁的BMI和肥胖关系的研究发现,在孕周 <20和24~29周,高TG水平与子代3岁更高的BMI相关,但未发现TC和LDL-C与子代肥胖相关[5],与本研究结果相似。但在本研究中,孕中期TG与BMI呈正相关,控制母亲孕前BMI后,两者关联无统计学意义。本研究发现,孕中期母亲血清TC水平增加子代3岁时超重肥胖风险。与挪威母亲、父亲和儿童队列研究发现相符[10],即母亲孕13~27周的TC水平与子代体重呈正相关,但本研究尚未发现孕期HDL-C、LDL-C与子代3岁时超重肥胖的相关性。阿姆斯特丹出生儿童和发育的研究发现,母亲孕早期的血脂(TG、TC、游离脂肪酸、载脂蛋白B/载脂蛋白A1)不会增加子代12岁的肥胖风险[6]。不同研究间的结果不一致,可能是由于血液样本收集方法、血脂检测孕周以及儿童体重测量的时间点不同导致的。
孕期母体血脂与儿童超重肥胖间关系的相关生物学机制尚不明确。TC被证明能激活哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mammalian target of Rapamycin, mTOR)复合体1[18],该复合体可促进细胞增殖和脂肪生成[19]。mTOR在胎盘中表达,其激活与胎儿生长相关[20],因胎儿的脂肪组织在孕14周已开始出现[21];这可能进一步解释了本研究结果,即孕中期高的TC会增加子代超重肥胖风险。此外,母亲血脂特征可能通过表观遗传机制影响子代肥胖。近期一项研究发现,DNA甲基化可能在母体TG与子代肥胖之间的关系中发挥作用,孕晚期(27~34周)母体TG与脐血DNA甲基化的关系比母体血糖、胰岛素或游离脂肪酸更为显著[22]。差异甲基化区域位于涉及免疫功能和脂质代谢的基因附近,TG相关的胞嘧啶-磷酸-鸟嘌吟(Cytosine Phosphate Guanine, CpG)位点与子代4~6月和4~6岁的肥胖程度相关,分别介导了母体TG与子代肥胖之间关系的10%和22%[22]。
本研究探讨孕期母体血脂水平与幼儿超重与肥胖风险的关联,并且是基于前瞻性的队列进行,但仍存在一定局限性:(1)尽管本研究已经调整一些混杂因素,但是仍然可能存在未测量的混杂因素。(2)研究只用BMI定义超重肥胖,不能有效区分体内脂肪含量和肌肉组织;此外,只有单时点的体格生长发育数据,未来的研究可以进一步探讨母体孕期血脂水平对多时点儿童体格生长发育轨迹的影响。(3)研究中同时具备孕中期和孕晚期血脂水平数据的样本量较少,在一定程度上限制了对孕期血脂动态变化的深入分析。未来需要更大样本量、更完整孕期数据,以更深入探讨孕期血脂动态变化对儿童生长轨迹的潜在影响。(4)研究未实施多重比较校正,可能增加假阳性的风险。(5)研究人群仅来自广州市,样本代表性及结果外推可能受限,未来的研究应在大样本人群中展开讨论。
综上所述,孕中期母体血清TC水平增加子代3岁时超重肥胖风险,孕晚期母体血清TG水平与子代3岁时BMI和超重肥胖风险呈正相关。本研究强调妊娠期间血脂评估和控制的重要性,为预防儿童肥胖提供新的证据和思路,未来需要探索降低母体TC和TG水平的干预措施,以改善儿童肥胖和代谢健康。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(82273642,82461160320,82173525,82404262);广东省基础与应用基础研究基金项目(2022A1515220104);广州市科技局项目(202201020656,20231A011044)
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2025年第46卷第8期
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doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025237
  • 接收时间:2025-01-02
  • 首发时间:2026-11-06
  • 出版时间:2025-08-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-02
  • 修回日期:2025-02-28
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国家自然科学基金项目(82273642,82461160320,82173525,82404262);广东省基础与应用基础研究基金项目(2022A1515220104);广州市科技局项目(202201020656,20231A011044)
作者信息
    1广州医科大学附属广州市妇女儿童医疗中心出生队列研究室,广东 510623
    2广州医科大学附属广州市妇女儿童医疗中心妇女保健部/广东省高水平临床重点专科(妇幼保健)

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