Article(id=1325530004590968837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, issueId=1325529948685091532, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025229, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1740412800000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-25, revisedDate=1743955200000, revisedDateStr=2025-04-07, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793960580250, onlineDateStr=2026-11-06, pubDate=1756051200000, pubDateStr=2025-08-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793960580250, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793960580250, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793960580250, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1325529948685091532, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, year='2025', volume='46', issue='8', pageStart='1065', pageEnd='1216', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1756051200000', pubDateStr='2025-08-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793960566921, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793960566921, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1198, endPage=1202, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1325530005085896710, articleId=1325530004590968837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=EN, title=Determinants and prediction model construction of coexistence of myopia, overweight/obesity and depressive symptoms among middle school students in Quzhou City, columnId=1325500884406379444, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of School Health, columnName=Disease Control, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the coexistence of comorbidity of myopia, overweight/obesity and depressive symptoms among middle school students in Quzhou and its associated factors, so as to provide evidence for integrated prevention and control of common multiple health issues in students.

Methods

From September to November 2023, a total of 5 867 middle school students from 6 counties (cities and districts) in Quzhou City were selected by stratified random cluster sampling. Physical and visual examinations were conducted, and the Center for Epidemiological Studies - Depression Scale (CES-D) along with a questionnaire on health status and influencing factors were completed. Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the related factors of coexistence of myopia, overweight/obesity, and depressive symptoms among middle school students, and a nomogram model was constructed based on the results.

Results

A total of 161 middle school students in Quzhou City were identified as having comorbid myopia, overweight/ obesity and depressive symptoms, with a detection rate of 2.74%. The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the coexistence of myopia, overweight/obesity and depressive symptoms increased among middle school students with older age (OR=1.11), a greater number unhealthy dietary behaviors (1, 2, ≥3; OR=2.40, 2.70, 4.63), insufficient sleep(OR=1.78) and alcohol consumption (OR=2.11)(all P < 0.05). Compared with no homework after class, those whose homework duration after class was 1 to < 2 hour had a lower risk of comorbidity of myopia, overweight/obesity and depressive symptoms (OR=0.53, P < 0.05). The results of the nomogram model showed that the AUC (95%CI) was 0.71 (0.67-0.74).

Conclusions

The coexistence of myopia, overweight/obesity and depressive symptoms among middle school students in Quzhou City is related to age, sleeping, alcohol consumption, poor dietary behavior and the duration of after-school homework. The nomogram model can assist in the early screening and intervention of multiple health issues among students.

, authors=Haoxuan XU1, 2, Shengxian WANG1, Fei REN1, Liping DAI3, Shiming LAI1, Shiguang ZHAO*, 1, authorsList=Haoxuan XU, Shengxian WANG, Fei REN, Liping DAI, Shiming LAI, Shiguang ZHAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Shiguang ZHAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Chinese Journal of School Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1325530007254351881, articleId=1325530004590968837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=CN, title=衢州市中学生近视超重肥胖抑郁共存相关因素及预测模型构建, columnId=1325500884628677558, journalTitle=中国学校卫生, columnName=疾病控制, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

了解衢州市中学生近视、超重肥胖和抑郁共存现状及其相关因素,为学生常见病多病共防提供决策参考。

方法

2023年9—11月,采用分层随机整群抽样方法抽取衢州市6个县(市、区)的5 867名初、高中学生开展体格和视力检查,并填写抑郁量表和学生健康状况及相关因素调查表。采用多因素Logistic回归分析中学生近视、超重肥胖及抑郁共存相关因素,根据结果构建列线图模型。

结果

衢州市中学生近视超重肥胖抑郁共存检出161名,检出率为2.74%。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄越大(OR=1.11)、不健康饮食行为越多(1,2,≥3种)(OR值分别为2.40,2.70,4.63)、睡眠缺乏(OR=1.78)和饮酒(OR=2.11)的中学生近视超重肥胖抑郁共存风险增加;相较课后无作业,课后作业时长1~ < 2 h的中学生近视超重肥胖抑郁共存风险降低(OR=0.53)(P值均<0.05)。列线图模型结果显示,AUC(95%CI)为0.71(0.67~0.74)。

讨论

衢州市中学生近视超重肥胖抑郁共存与年龄、睡眠、饮酒、不良饮食行为和课后作业时长有关,列线图模型可辅助学生多病共存的早期筛查和干预。

, authors=徐皓轩1, 2, 王圣贤1, 任斐1, 戴黎萍3, 来时明1, 赵士光*, 1, authorsList=徐皓轩, 王圣贤, 任斐, 戴黎萍, 来时明, 赵士光, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=赵士光, authorNote=

徐皓轩(1994-),男,浙江开化人,硕士,主管医师,主要研究方向为学生常见病监测与防控

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赵士光,E-mail:
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徐皓轩(1994-),男,浙江开化人,硕士,主管医师,主要研究方向为学生常见病监测与防控

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Comparison of coexistence rates of myopia, overweight, obesity and depression among middle school students with different groups in Quzhou City

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组别选项人数统计值近视超重肥胖抑郁多病共存
性别男3 0142 406(79.83)794(26.34)392(13.01)81(2.69)
女2 8532 449(85.84)472(16.54)502(17.60)80(2.80)
χ2值37.1183.1223.900.08
P值<0.01<0.01<0.010.79
学段初中3 2662 570(78.69)702(21.49)365(11.18)64(1.96)
普通高中2 1151 903(89.98)461(21.80)442(20.90)82(3.88)
职业高中486382(78.60)103(21.19)87(17.90)15(3.09)
χ2值120.960.1296.8617.92
P值<0.010.94<0.01<0.01
年龄/岁121 087745(74.43)233(23.28)67(6.69)12(1.20)
131 125841(79.41)226(21.34)136(12.84)21(1.98)
141 054871(81.48)216(20.21)139(13.00)25(2.34)
15712761(84.93)188(20.98)172(19.20)29(3.24)
16688754(88.81)216(25.44)166(19.55)34(4.00)
17715742(88.54)163(19.45)175(20.88)32(3.82)
18163141(90.97)24(15.48)39(25.16)8(5.16)
χ2值109.9416.25121.0324.80
P值<0.010.01<0.01<0.01
城乡城区2 5882 114(81.68)564(21.79)375(14.49)69(2.67)
郊县3 2792 741(83.59)702(21.41)519(15.83)92(2.81)
χ2值3.690.132.010.11
P值0.060.720.160.75
民族汉族5 7334 743(82.73)1 227(21.40)873(15.23)155(2.70)
其他民族134112(83.58)39(29.10)21(15.67)6(4.48)
χ2值0.074.590.020.95
P值0.800.030.890.33
家庭类型常态家庭4 2943 592(83.65)934(21.75)619(14.42)111(2.59)
非常态家庭1 5731 263(80.29)332(21.11)275(17.48)50(3.18)
χ2值9.100.288.391.52
P值<0.010.60<0.010.22
), ArticleFig(id=1325530015919784002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325530004590968837, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

衢州市不同组别中学生近视超重肥胖抑郁共存检出率比较

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组别选项人数统计值近视超重肥胖抑郁多病共存
性别男3 0142 406(79.83)794(26.34)392(13.01)81(2.69)
女2 8532 449(85.84)472(16.54)502(17.60)80(2.80)
χ2值37.1183.1223.900.08
P值<0.01<0.01<0.010.79
学段初中3 2662 570(78.69)702(21.49)365(11.18)64(1.96)
普通高中2 1151 903(89.98)461(21.80)442(20.90)82(3.88)
职业高中486382(78.60)103(21.19)87(17.90)15(3.09)
χ2值120.960.1296.8617.92
P值<0.010.94<0.01<0.01
年龄/岁121 087745(74.43)233(23.28)67(6.69)12(1.20)
131 125841(79.41)226(21.34)136(12.84)21(1.98)
141 054871(81.48)216(20.21)139(13.00)25(2.34)
15712761(84.93)188(20.98)172(19.20)29(3.24)
16688754(88.81)216(25.44)166(19.55)34(4.00)
17715742(88.54)163(19.45)175(20.88)32(3.82)
18163141(90.97)24(15.48)39(25.16)8(5.16)
χ2值109.9416.25121.0324.80
P值<0.010.01<0.01<0.01
城乡城区2 5882 114(81.68)564(21.79)375(14.49)69(2.67)
郊县3 2792 741(83.59)702(21.41)519(15.83)92(2.81)
χ2值3.690.132.010.11
P值0.060.720.160.75
民族汉族5 7334 743(82.73)1 227(21.40)873(15.23)155(2.70)
其他民族134112(83.58)39(29.10)21(15.67)6(4.48)
χ2值0.074.590.020.95
P值0.800.030.890.33
家庭类型常态家庭4 2943 592(83.65)934(21.75)619(14.42)111(2.59)
非常态家庭1 5731 263(80.29)332(21.11)275(17.48)50(3.18)
χ2值9.100.288.391.52
P值<0.010.60<0.010.22
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衢州市中学生近视超重肥胖抑郁共存相关因素及预测模型构建
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徐皓轩 1, 2 , 王圣贤 1 , 任斐 1 , 戴黎萍 3 , 来时明 1 , 赵士光 *, 1
中国学校卫生 | 疾病控制 2025,46(8): 1198-1202
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中国学校卫生 |疾病控制 2025 , 46 (8) : 1198 -1202
衢州市中学生近视超重肥胖抑郁共存相关因素及预测模型构建
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徐皓轩(1994-),男,浙江开化人,硕士,主管医师,主要研究方向为学生常见病监测与防控

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徐皓轩1, 2, 王圣贤1, 任斐1, 戴黎萍3, 来时明1, 赵士光*, 1
作者信息
  • 1浙江省衢州市疾病预防控制中心营养与食品安全科,324000
  • 2宁波大学医学部公共卫生医学院
  • 3衢州市开化县疾病预防控制中心卫生监测与评价科
通讯作者:
赵士光,E-mail:
作者简介:

徐皓轩(1994-),男,浙江开化人,硕士,主管医师,主要研究方向为学生常见病监测与防控

Determinants and prediction model construction of coexistence of myopia, overweight/obesity and depressive symptoms among middle school students in Quzhou City
Haoxuan XU1, 2, Shengxian WANG1, Fei REN1, Liping DAI3, Shiming LAI1, Shiguang ZHAO*, 1
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Quzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou 324000, Zhejiang Province, China
出版时间: 2025-08-25 doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025229
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目的

了解衢州市中学生近视、超重肥胖和抑郁共存现状及其相关因素,为学生常见病多病共防提供决策参考。

方法

2023年9—11月,采用分层随机整群抽样方法抽取衢州市6个县(市、区)的5 867名初、高中学生开展体格和视力检查,并填写抑郁量表和学生健康状况及相关因素调查表。采用多因素Logistic回归分析中学生近视、超重肥胖及抑郁共存相关因素,根据结果构建列线图模型。

结果

衢州市中学生近视超重肥胖抑郁共存检出161名,检出率为2.74%。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄越大(OR=1.11)、不健康饮食行为越多(1,2,≥3种)(OR值分别为2.40,2.70,4.63)、睡眠缺乏(OR=1.78)和饮酒(OR=2.11)的中学生近视超重肥胖抑郁共存风险增加;相较课后无作业,课后作业时长1~ < 2 h的中学生近视超重肥胖抑郁共存风险降低(OR=0.53)(P值均<0.05)。列线图模型结果显示,AUC(95%CI)为0.71(0.67~0.74)。

讨论

衢州市中学生近视超重肥胖抑郁共存与年龄、睡眠、饮酒、不良饮食行为和课后作业时长有关,列线图模型可辅助学生多病共存的早期筛查和干预。

近视  /  超重  /  肥胖症  /  抑郁  /  共病现象  /  回归分析  /  学生
Objective

To investigate the coexistence of comorbidity of myopia, overweight/obesity and depressive symptoms among middle school students in Quzhou and its associated factors, so as to provide evidence for integrated prevention and control of common multiple health issues in students.

Methods

From September to November 2023, a total of 5 867 middle school students from 6 counties (cities and districts) in Quzhou City were selected by stratified random cluster sampling. Physical and visual examinations were conducted, and the Center for Epidemiological Studies - Depression Scale (CES-D) along with a questionnaire on health status and influencing factors were completed. Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the related factors of coexistence of myopia, overweight/obesity, and depressive symptoms among middle school students, and a nomogram model was constructed based on the results.

Results

A total of 161 middle school students in Quzhou City were identified as having comorbid myopia, overweight/ obesity and depressive symptoms, with a detection rate of 2.74%. The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the coexistence of myopia, overweight/obesity and depressive symptoms increased among middle school students with older age (OR=1.11), a greater number unhealthy dietary behaviors (1, 2, ≥3; OR=2.40, 2.70, 4.63), insufficient sleep(OR=1.78) and alcohol consumption (OR=2.11)(all P < 0.05). Compared with no homework after class, those whose homework duration after class was 1 to < 2 hour had a lower risk of comorbidity of myopia, overweight/obesity and depressive symptoms (OR=0.53, P < 0.05). The results of the nomogram model showed that the AUC (95%CI) was 0.71 (0.67-0.74).

Conclusions

The coexistence of myopia, overweight/obesity and depressive symptoms among middle school students in Quzhou City is related to age, sleeping, alcohol consumption, poor dietary behavior and the duration of after-school homework. The nomogram model can assist in the early screening and intervention of multiple health issues among students.

Myopia  /  Overweight  /  Obesity  /  Depression  /  Comorbidity  /  Regression analysis  /  Students
徐皓轩, 王圣贤, 任斐, 戴黎萍, 来时明, 赵士光. 衢州市中学生近视超重肥胖抑郁共存相关因素及预测模型构建. 中国学校卫生, 2025 , 46 (8) : 1198 -1202 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025229
Haoxuan XU, Shengxian WANG, Fei REN, Liping DAI, Shiming LAI, Shiguang ZHAO. Determinants and prediction model construction of coexistence of myopia, overweight/obesity and depressive symptoms among middle school students in Quzhou City[J]. Chinese Journal of School Health, 2025 , 46 (8) : 1198 -1202 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025229
过去十几年,我国儿童青少年体质健康状况明显改善,主要疾病负担已逐步转向伤害和近视等非传染性疾病[1-3]。国家卫生健康委员会公布的数据显示,2020年我国6~17岁学生超重肥胖率达19%[4],2022年儿童青少年近视率为51.9%[5],约有14.8%的青少年存在抑郁风险[6-7]。此外,我国儿童青少年多病共存情况同样不容乐观[8]。如果儿童青少年时期多病共存不能及时干预,成年后疾病风险和负担将大幅增加[9],故亟需探索学生多病共存风险的早期评估方法和综合防控策略。列线图模型是一种通过分值量化各类影响因素,具有可视化功能的工具,多用于预测评估疾病罹患风险[10-12]。本研究旨在分析衢州市中学生近视、超重肥胖和抑郁共存现状及其相关因素,构建列线图模型评价相关因素的风险,为学生常见病多病共防提供参考。
基于2023年全国学生常见病及健康影响因素监测与干预项目(以下简称“国家项目”)。2023年9—11月,采用分层简单随机抽样方法从衢州市2个城区简单随机抽取2所初中、2所普通高中、1所职业高中,在4个郊县简单随机抽取2所初中和1所普通高中,在每所学校一至三年级各简单随机抽取2~3个班级,以整班为单位开展调查,各年级调查人数不少于80名。共调查学生5 867名,其中男生3 014名,女生2 853名;城区学生2 588名,郊县3 279名;汉族学生5 733名,其他民族134名;初中生3 266名,普通高中生2 115名,职业高中生486名。
采用国家项目《学生重点常见病监测表》收集调查学生的基本信息,包括姓名、性别、出生日期、籍贯、民族、学校、班级等。在调查开始前将相关事宜告知学生及家长,签署知情同意书。本研究通过衢州市疾病预防控制中心伦理委员会的伦理审查(编号:2022-007-01)。
根据2023年全国学生常见病和健康影响因素及干预项目浙江省工作手册要求开展测量,体重测量采用电子体重计或杠杆秤,身高测量采用机械式身高计,读数精确到小数点后1位。根据《学龄儿童青少年超重与肥胖筛查》(WS/T 586—2018)[13]对学生超重肥胖状况开展评估;视力检查根据《中小学生屈光不正筛查规范》(WS/T 663—2020)[14]开展,以单眼或双眼裸眼视力<5.0且非睫状肌麻痹下电脑验光等效球镜度数(SE)<-0.50 D判定为近视(筛查性),配戴角膜塑形镜的受检者直接判定为近视[15]。
采用流行病学研究中心抑郁量表(Center for Epidemological Studies-Depression Sclae, CES-D)对儿童青少年近1周的抑郁状态进行评估[16]。共有20个条目,采用0~3分赋分(偶尔或无=0,有时=1,经常或一半时间=2,大部分时间或持续=3),总分0~60分,得分越高抑郁的可能性越大,本研究以≥20分判定为抑郁。该量表的Cronbach α系数为0.88,Bartlett检验P<0.01,具有较好的信度与效度[17-19]。
调查采用国家项目中“学生健康状况及影响因素调查表”,该表Cronbach α系数为0.79[20]。内容包括家庭类型、不健康饮食行为、体育运动、睡眠、吸烟、饮酒、视屏时长、课外补习班时长、课外作业时长等。(1)家庭类型。根据家庭成员情况分为常态家庭和非常态家庭,常态家庭由核心家庭、主干家庭和联合家庭组成,非常态家庭包括单亲家庭、重组家庭和隔代家庭等。(2)不健康饮食行为。包括经常喝含糖饮料,经常吃油炸食物,少吃或不吃蔬菜,少吃或不吃新鲜水果,不吃早餐。(3)体育运动情况。根据过去1周达到1 h及以上中高强度运动天数判定,<3 d为缺乏运动[21]。(4)睡眠情况。每天睡眠时间初中生<9 h,高中生<8 h判定为睡眠不足[22]。(5)视屏时长。过去1周平均每日使用电视、手机、电脑等电子产品时间,以≥2 h/d判定为视屏时间过长。(6)课外补习班时长。过去1周参加文化类补习班时间。
所有人员经培训及考核后上岗,在现场设质控人员,检查体检表和调查问卷漏项缺项并开展逻辑校验,发现问题及时反馈整改。每日现场随机抽取5%的被测学生开展质控,针对身高、体重、远视力和电脑验光值等项目开展复测,确保每日复测误差不高于5%。
使用SPSS 26.0软件开展统计分析,计数资料采用频数和百分比表示,组间比较采用χ2检验,采用趋势χ2检验分析中学生近视、超重肥胖、抑郁及共存随年龄的变化趋势;采用多因素Logistic回归分析共存的相关因素。使用R 4.4.2软件rms包构建列线图模型,pROC包绘制ROC曲线,采用Hosmer-Lemeshow检验评价模型拟合优度。检验水准取α=0.05。
衢州市中学生近视、超重肥胖、抑郁分别检出4 855,1 266和894名,检出率分别为82.75%,21.58%和15.24%。近视超重肥胖抑郁共存检出161名,检出率为2.74%。男、女生近视、超重肥胖和抑郁检出率差异均有统计学意义,其中男生超重肥胖率高于女生,女生近视、抑郁检出率均高于男生(P值均<0.01)。各学段间中学生近视、抑郁及共存率差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01),普通高中学生检出率均高于初中和职业高中学生。各年龄中学生近视、超重肥胖、抑郁及共存检出率差异均有统计学意义,其中近视、抑郁及共存检出率随着年龄增长呈升高趋势(χ趋势2值分别为104.69,110.24,23.53,P值均<0.01);城乡学生近视、超重肥胖、抑郁及共存检出率差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。非常态家庭学生近视、抑郁检出率均高于常态家庭学生(P值均<0.05)。见表1。
以是否存在近视超重肥胖抑郁共存为因变量(否=0,是=1),以性别(女=0,男=1)、城乡(城镇=0,郊县=1)、民族(汉族=0,其他=1)、学段(初中=0,普通高中=1,职业高中=2)、年龄(连续型变量)、家庭类型(常态家庭=0,非常态家庭=1)、不健康饮食行为数量(0种=0,1种=1,2种=2,≥3种=3)、课后作业时长和课外文化类补习班时长(没有=0,0~<1 h=1,1~<2 h=2,2~<3 h=3,≥3 h=4)以及是否缺乏运动、缺乏睡眠、吸烟、饮酒和视屏时间过长(均为否=0,是=1)为自变量,采用向前LR逐步回归法开展多因素Logistic回归。结果显示,年龄越大(OR=1.11,95%CI=1.01~1.22)、不健康饮食行为越多(1,2,≥3种)[OR值(95%CI)分别为2.40(1.56~3.69)、2.70(1.68~4.37)、4.63(2.29~9.35)]、睡眠缺乏(OR=1.78,95%CI=1.03~3.08)和有饮酒行为(OR=2.11,95%CI=1.45~3.07)的中学生近视超重肥胖抑郁共存风险增加;相比于课后没有作业学生,课后作业时长在1~<2 h的学生共存风险降低(OR=0.53,95%CI=0.30~0.94)(P值均<0.05)。
根据多因素Logistic回归分析结果,将不健康饮食行为、年龄、是否饮酒、课后作业时长、是否缺乏睡眠等因素纳入并构建近视超重肥胖抑郁共存风险列线图模型,见图1。该模型的AUC=0.71(95%CI=0.67~0.74),灵敏度为0.67,特异度为0.64,约登指数为0.31,最佳截断值为-3.60。Hosmer-Lemeshow检验P=0.59,提示模型整体区分度较好。
本研究结果显示,2023年衢州市中学生总体近视率为82.75%,高于2022年全国近视调查结果和2022年浙江省调查结果[5, 23];超重肥胖检出率为21.58%,低于2022年浙江省中学生平均水平[23];中学生抑郁检出率为15.24%,低于多项研究结果[17, 19, 24-25]。中学生近视超重肥胖抑郁共存检出率为2.74%,低于北京市的相关研究(3.35%)[17],可能与两地经济水平、家庭条件和教育环境等因素差异有关。
本研究结果显示,不健康饮食行为越多和饮酒的中学生多病共存发生风险越高,与既往研究结果一致[17, 26-27]。Harb等[28]研究显示,高胰岛素水平会增加近视发生风险,长期摄入高油高糖食品和酒精会导致体内胰岛素保持较高水平,从而增加近视风险。大量研究证实,不健康饮食方式与肥胖、抑郁均呈正相关,肥胖与抑郁之间存在双向作用关系[29-31]。青少年心理较为敏感脆弱,长期不健康的饮食习惯可能导致能量过剩,进而引发肥胖问题,体态变化易使青少年形成自卑心理,最终增加抑郁发生风险。因此,应正确引导儿童青少年养成健康的饮食行为习惯,降低近视、超重肥胖和抑郁发生风险。
本研究结果还显示,课后作业时间在1~<2 h的中学生近视超重肥胖抑郁共存风险低,与国家施行的“双减”政策和《中小学生一日学习时间卫生要求》(GB/T 17223—2012)中“中学各年级每日课外自习时间不宜超过90 min”[32]的推荐标准一致。同时,缺乏睡眠是近视超重肥胖抑郁共存的相关因素之一,国内一项研究发现,睡眠状况与课后作业时间呈正相关,即作业时间越长,睡眠状况越差[33]。褪黑素作为调节昼夜节律物质,与视网膜褪黑素MT1受体作用,完成视网膜调节和眼球生长发育,合成释放受睡眠状况影响[34-35],缺乏睡眠致使褪黑素分泌紊乱,阻碍视网膜和眼轴发育,进而引发视力问题。研究证实,昼夜节律失调影响身体胰岛素敏感性,引发糖代谢异常[36],增加超重肥胖患病风险。多巴胺是一种具有正向调节积极情绪作用的神经递质[37],长期睡眠不足导致体内多巴胺等神经递质失衡[38],从而影响情绪导致抑郁。表明继续落实“双减”政策,适当控制课后作业量和时长,保障充足睡眠时间,是降低学生共存风险的有效手段[39]。
本研究根据Logistic回归结果构建列线图模型,模型拟合情况较好,可以作为辅助中学生多病共存早期筛查和干预的工具。本研究存在一定局限性:近视大多为筛查性近视;样本限于2023年衢州市中学生筛查数据,模型适用性有待验证;研究属横断面研究,无法验证相关因素与多病共存因果关系,将来可进一步扩大样本量并加入纵向设计,增强数据代表性、验证模型稳定性。
  • 2022年衢州市指导性科技攻关项目(2022065);衢州市医学重点学科(慢性病预防与控制)(CX-2023-04)
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2025年第46卷第8期
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doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025229
  • 接收时间:2025-02-25
  • 首发时间:2026-11-06
  • 出版时间:2025-08-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-25
  • 修回日期:2025-04-07
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2022年衢州市指导性科技攻关项目(2022065);衢州市医学重点学科(慢性病预防与控制)(CX-2023-04)
作者信息
    1浙江省衢州市疾病预防控制中心营养与食品安全科,324000
    2宁波大学医学部公共卫生医学院
    3衢州市开化县疾病预防控制中心卫生监测与评价科

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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